This document provides an introduction to April Heyward, the instructor for PUBA 601 Research Methods for Public Administration. It outlines her professional background, which includes roles managing South Carolina's EPSCoR program, being a 4th year doctoral student researching e-government and data science, and serving as a grant reviewer. The document then discusses key concepts in research methods, including definitions of research, the scientific method, and components of models like variables, hypotheses, and literature reviews.
Running Head DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS COMPUTING .docxtodd271
Running Head: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS COMPUTING 1
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS COMPUTING 2
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS COMPUTING
Name
Course
Institution
Instructor
Date
Computing descriptive statistics
Haukoos, J. S., & Lewis, R. J. (2015). Advanced statistics: bootstrapping confidence intervals for statistics with “difficult” distributions. Academic emergency medicine, 12(4), 360-365.
This article by Haukoos and Lewis describe how to use confidence intervals in reporting research results which the authors acknowledge to have increased in use and as a requirement for scientific journal editors. The article explores a number of resources that describe methods of computing statistical confidence intervals for descriptive statistics that have descriptions that are not easy to mathematically represent which is a challenging task. The article is relevant to the topic matter in that it describes the methods along with how the resources availed describing the computing methods for descriptive statistics. The authors propose the use of bootstrap technique which they argue allows a researcher to make inferences from data without making strong assumptions about distribution of the data or the statistics under calculation. The strengths of the article include the fact that it describes the bootstrapping concept and demonstrates how to estimate confidence intervals for the median and the spearman rank correlation coefficient for data not normally distributed. the weakness of this resource is the fact that it does not generally describe how to compute descriptive statistics but narrows down to describing how to compute descriptive statistics confidence intervals. The article used a qualitative research method on a clinical study that used two commonly used statistical software packages of strata and SAS in its discussion of limitations of the bootstrap.
Team, R. C. (2013). R: A language and environment for statistical computing.
The document by Andy Bunn and Mikko Korpela describes the basic features of dendrologists program library in R, which is in itself a package used by dendrologists to handle the processing and analysis of data. The document follows the basic steps an analyst follows when working with a new tree-ring data set. This document is a vignette commences by describing how to read in ring widths and how to plot them. The vignette is relevant in this study as it describes a number of methods available for trending and detrending and shows how to extract basic descriptive statistics. It also shows how to build and plot a simple chronology of the mean value. The building of the mean-value chronology is shown in the vignette using the expressed signal; of the population from the detrended ring widths as a way of doing complicated computing by the use of The Dendrochronology Program Library in R (dplR). The vignette highlights how to.
3 pagesAPASOURCES 4MUST HAVE INTRODUCTION, SUBHEADINGS AN.docxrhetttrevannion
3 pages
APA
SOURCES: 4
MUST HAVE INTRODUCTION, SUBHEADINGS AND CONCLUSION
Assignment
• Continue to build your plan based on the introduction you created in your last assignment. (See Below).
• Tell the audience your reasons for using an instructional plan.
• Be sure to describe what types of instructional resources you are creating.
• Align the chosen ID model to your organization (for example, if you are working in a K-12 school environment, student learning needs and learning objectives may be driven by state or federal performance standards; versus, if you are working in a non-profit organization and training adults, the learning needs of your adult learners may be driven by a “gap analysis” or “business objectives” identified by the organization).
• This section should be 3 pages.
• Include a reference page.
Additional Information
Begin with an outline of your project. Tell the audience your reasons for using an instructional plan.
Description of your Instructional Event or Course - The instructional plan being presented is a college-level Political Science course
Also, be sure to describe what types of instructional resources you are creating. Include an explanation of who has authorized or funded the instructional event or course you propose, and what they expect.
Finally, once you have introduced the instructional event or course, you will align it to an ID model of your choice.
Assignment Expectations
To receive maximum credit, you must demonstrate understanding of context and purpose of the assignment by bringing all required elements (described above) to the discussion, and meeting additional expectations (described below).
Cite a minimum of four sources and incorporate them into your paper. It is expected that you analyze and synthesize, not merely summarize, sources. The reference page and overall paper must be formatted properly in APA format and style include a strong introduction, subheaders and conclusion.
***Last Assignment Introduction**
Student Population & Needs Assessment
The instructional plan being presented is a college-level political science course. The political science course targets college students in other areas of specialization. The introductory course will provide the students with the fundamental knowledge on the key aspects of political science. The student population is not expected to have extensive knowledge of political science.
The training program will begin by assessing the current beliefs and attitudes of the students towards the position and value of political science. The objective of the learning needs assessment is to establish the knowledge gaps that can be addressed through the training program (Spooner et al., 2007; Edwards et al., 2014).
Learning Objectives
The specific learning objectives are:
• To introduce the students to the key concepts in political science
• To introduce the students to some of the major political ideologies and philosophies
• To introduce the studen.
Running Head DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS COMPUTING .docxtodd271
Running Head: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS COMPUTING 1
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS COMPUTING 2
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS COMPUTING
Name
Course
Institution
Instructor
Date
Computing descriptive statistics
Haukoos, J. S., & Lewis, R. J. (2015). Advanced statistics: bootstrapping confidence intervals for statistics with “difficult” distributions. Academic emergency medicine, 12(4), 360-365.
This article by Haukoos and Lewis describe how to use confidence intervals in reporting research results which the authors acknowledge to have increased in use and as a requirement for scientific journal editors. The article explores a number of resources that describe methods of computing statistical confidence intervals for descriptive statistics that have descriptions that are not easy to mathematically represent which is a challenging task. The article is relevant to the topic matter in that it describes the methods along with how the resources availed describing the computing methods for descriptive statistics. The authors propose the use of bootstrap technique which they argue allows a researcher to make inferences from data without making strong assumptions about distribution of the data or the statistics under calculation. The strengths of the article include the fact that it describes the bootstrapping concept and demonstrates how to estimate confidence intervals for the median and the spearman rank correlation coefficient for data not normally distributed. the weakness of this resource is the fact that it does not generally describe how to compute descriptive statistics but narrows down to describing how to compute descriptive statistics confidence intervals. The article used a qualitative research method on a clinical study that used two commonly used statistical software packages of strata and SAS in its discussion of limitations of the bootstrap.
Team, R. C. (2013). R: A language and environment for statistical computing.
The document by Andy Bunn and Mikko Korpela describes the basic features of dendrologists program library in R, which is in itself a package used by dendrologists to handle the processing and analysis of data. The document follows the basic steps an analyst follows when working with a new tree-ring data set. This document is a vignette commences by describing how to read in ring widths and how to plot them. The vignette is relevant in this study as it describes a number of methods available for trending and detrending and shows how to extract basic descriptive statistics. It also shows how to build and plot a simple chronology of the mean value. The building of the mean-value chronology is shown in the vignette using the expressed signal; of the population from the detrended ring widths as a way of doing complicated computing by the use of The Dendrochronology Program Library in R (dplR). The vignette highlights how to.
3 pagesAPASOURCES 4MUST HAVE INTRODUCTION, SUBHEADINGS AN.docxrhetttrevannion
3 pages
APA
SOURCES: 4
MUST HAVE INTRODUCTION, SUBHEADINGS AND CONCLUSION
Assignment
• Continue to build your plan based on the introduction you created in your last assignment. (See Below).
• Tell the audience your reasons for using an instructional plan.
• Be sure to describe what types of instructional resources you are creating.
• Align the chosen ID model to your organization (for example, if you are working in a K-12 school environment, student learning needs and learning objectives may be driven by state or federal performance standards; versus, if you are working in a non-profit organization and training adults, the learning needs of your adult learners may be driven by a “gap analysis” or “business objectives” identified by the organization).
• This section should be 3 pages.
• Include a reference page.
Additional Information
Begin with an outline of your project. Tell the audience your reasons for using an instructional plan.
Description of your Instructional Event or Course - The instructional plan being presented is a college-level Political Science course
Also, be sure to describe what types of instructional resources you are creating. Include an explanation of who has authorized or funded the instructional event or course you propose, and what they expect.
Finally, once you have introduced the instructional event or course, you will align it to an ID model of your choice.
Assignment Expectations
To receive maximum credit, you must demonstrate understanding of context and purpose of the assignment by bringing all required elements (described above) to the discussion, and meeting additional expectations (described below).
Cite a minimum of four sources and incorporate them into your paper. It is expected that you analyze and synthesize, not merely summarize, sources. The reference page and overall paper must be formatted properly in APA format and style include a strong introduction, subheaders and conclusion.
***Last Assignment Introduction**
Student Population & Needs Assessment
The instructional plan being presented is a college-level political science course. The political science course targets college students in other areas of specialization. The introductory course will provide the students with the fundamental knowledge on the key aspects of political science. The student population is not expected to have extensive knowledge of political science.
The training program will begin by assessing the current beliefs and attitudes of the students towards the position and value of political science. The objective of the learning needs assessment is to establish the knowledge gaps that can be addressed through the training program (Spooner et al., 2007; Edwards et al., 2014).
Learning Objectives
The specific learning objectives are:
• To introduce the students to the key concepts in political science
• To introduce the students to some of the major political ideologies and philosophies
• To introduce the studen.
Research Design and Methodology, Dr. W.A. Kritsonisguestcc1ebaf
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis earned his BA in 1969 from Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. In 1971, he earned his M.Ed. from Seattle Pacific University. In 1976, he earned his PhD from the University of Iowa. In 1981, he was a Visiting Scholar at Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, and in 1987 was a Visiting Scholar at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
In June 2008, Dr. Kritsonis received the Doctor of Humane Letters, School of Graduate Studies from Southern Christian University. The ceremony was held at the Hilton Hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Presented at a workshop about the preparation of the thesis proposal for graduate studies in Public Administration program and local development program. The workshop was held in the Department of Public Administration, College of Business, The University of Jordan, Amman. This presentation provides guidelines about the preparation of the thesis proposal.
1.The main purpose of this presentation is to share some of the major aspects of considering management research as a practically- oriented social science in terms of its similarities to, and differences from , the other social sciences and the natural sciences.
2.to explore the implications of it being a practically-oriented type of knowledge producing activity.
3.to share its position as a social science in relation to other sciences and scientific knowledge in general through a discussion of three major points in the 'naturalism' debate.
Case Study of Land-Grants and Retention of Students with Disabilitieslarachellesmith
Lack of attention to underrepresented student
populations is a threat to the United States’ preeminence in higher education. Benefits corporations have experienced through an inclusive and neurodiverse workforce
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Research Design and Methodology, Dr. W.A. Kritsonisguestcc1ebaf
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis earned his BA in 1969 from Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. In 1971, he earned his M.Ed. from Seattle Pacific University. In 1976, he earned his PhD from the University of Iowa. In 1981, he was a Visiting Scholar at Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, and in 1987 was a Visiting Scholar at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
In June 2008, Dr. Kritsonis received the Doctor of Humane Letters, School of Graduate Studies from Southern Christian University. The ceremony was held at the Hilton Hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Presented at a workshop about the preparation of the thesis proposal for graduate studies in Public Administration program and local development program. The workshop was held in the Department of Public Administration, College of Business, The University of Jordan, Amman. This presentation provides guidelines about the preparation of the thesis proposal.
1.The main purpose of this presentation is to share some of the major aspects of considering management research as a practically- oriented social science in terms of its similarities to, and differences from , the other social sciences and the natural sciences.
2.to explore the implications of it being a practically-oriented type of knowledge producing activity.
3.to share its position as a social science in relation to other sciences and scientific knowledge in general through a discussion of three major points in the 'naturalism' debate.
Case Study of Land-Grants and Retention of Students with Disabilitieslarachellesmith
Lack of attention to underrepresented student
populations is a threat to the United States’ preeminence in higher education. Benefits corporations have experienced through an inclusive and neurodiverse workforce
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April Heyward Research Methods Class Session - 7-15-2021
1. PUBA 601 Research Methods for Public Administration
Section 01
2021 Summer II Express Session
April Heyward, MRA
Adjunct Faculty
College of Charleston
Master of Public Administration (MPA) Program
Thursday, July 15, 2021
3. April Heyward Introduction
SC EPSCoR Program
Manager – South
Carolina Research
Authority
4th Year Doctor of
Public Administration
Student and
Researcher - Valdosta
State University
R Programmer – Data
Science and Machine
Learning
Columnist – ASPA PA
Times
Vice President of the
South Carolina
Academy of Science
Health Resources and
Services
Administration
(HRSA) Grant
Reviewer
4. SC EPSCoR
Program Manager
EPSCoR = Established Program to Stimulate Competitive
Research
EPSCoR is a science-driven state-based National Science
Foundation (NSF) program.
Develops, implement, and manage STEM programs and
initiatives to increase research capacity, research
competitiveness, and the STEM workforce pipeline in
South Carolina.
5.
6.
7. Doctoral Student and Researcher
Doctoral Student and
Researcher at Valdosta
State University
Doctor of Public
Administration
Program in the
Department of Political
Science
4th Year Student
Enter Candidacy – Fall
2021
Currently in
Dissertation Phase of
Doctoral Program
Dissertation Focus –
Comparative E-
Government: Developed
Countries vs
Developing Countries
9. Current Doctoral
Research Projects
Quantitative Research – “A Data Science and
Machine Learning Approach to Comparative
COVID-19 Policy Responses”
• Study Aim – Investigate health and economic policy
responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in developed countries
and developing countries.
• Prior research indicated more rigorous research is needed for
contribution to the body of knowledge from a public policy
perspective.
• Research Aim – Answer how does data science and machine
learning inform public policy about the COVID-19 pandemic
and what is the state of the COVID-19 pandemic in developed
countries and developing countries.
10. Current Doctoral
Research Projects
Quantitative Research – “Measuring the
Effectiveness of E-Government Delivery Models
from a Public Administration Perspective”
• Study Aim – Investigate the effectiveness of E-Government
in Developed Countries and Developing Countries.
• Two-phased study.
• Prior research indicated more rigorous research is needed
for contribution to the body of knowledge from a public
administration perspective as literature is dominated by
information systems discipline.
• Research Aim – Answer what is the state of e-government
delivery models globally.
11. Current Independent
Research Projects
Quantitative Research – “A Public
Administration Research Approach and
Empirical Perspective of COVID-19”
• Study Aim – Investigate public administration
approaches to COVID-19.
• Prior research indicated more rigorous research is
needed for contribution to the body of knowledge from
a public administration perspective as literature was
initially dominated by epidemiology and other sub-
disciplines of public health.
• Research Aim – Employ data science and machine
learning algorithms in a public research administration
approach and perspective of COVID-19.
12. Current Independent
Research Projects
Quantitative Research – “Integration,
Challenges, and Future Direction of
Data Science in Public Administration”
•Study Aim – Investigate the application of data
science in public administration.
•Prior research revealed limited rigorous research
on data science in public administration.
•Research Aim – Answer what is the state of data
science in public administration.
22. What is Research?
Research is a systematic investigation involving the steps of the scientific method. The
steps of the scientific method include but not limited to:
Make an observation
Generate a question
Develop a hypothesis (or hypotheses)
Test hypothesis (hypotheses)
Analyze data
Draw an empirical conclusion of the data and results to validate or invalidate the
hypothesis (hypotheses)
23. Public Administration Research
The field of public administration has been contested since inception due to
comparison to the sciences, mathematics, and their rigorous process.
The scientific method is conducted with the development of scientific/research
problems, hypothesis, methods, and results. This leads to the contribution of new
knowledge and identification of future research.
Raadschelders and Lee (2011) presented trends in the study of public administration
and the quality of knowledge is determined by its methods.
Quantitative methods and mathematical models are viewed as more scientific, factual,
and independent of bias based on prior research.
25. Types of Models
Schematic Models – Visual depiction of a theory, research framework, relationships
between variables, causal relationships, etc. Other examples are flow charts and logic
models.
Symbolic Models – Word descriptions of verbal and mathematical models.
27. Proposed Causal
Statement
• The proposed study postulates a causal
relationship between the information
and communication utilization and the
variation in e-government.
• The manner or methods of the
government’s utilization of information
and communication technology causes
variation in e-government in developed
countries and developing countries.
• An example from prior research is the
examination of e-government
implementation strategies employed by
the United Kingdom and Slovakia
(Weerakkody et al., 2012).
Schematic Image by April Heyward
28. Components of Models
Rassel et al. (2021) describes components of models primarily as follows:
Hypotheses (e.g., research hypotheses, null hypothesis)
Primary Variables (e.g., independent variable, dependent variable)
Units of Analysis
Relationships between the independent variable and the dependent variable.
The role of control variables (if applicable)
29. Variables, Hypotheses, and Units of Analysis
Independent variables impacts dependent variables. If there is a change in the independent
variable, then there will be a change in the dependent variable. An example would be
education level as the independent variable and income as the dependent variable.
Hypothesis – Statement about a relationship between the independent variable and
dependent variable. There can be more than one research hypothesis and would be noted as
H1, H2, H3, H4, H5. Null hypothesis is noted as H0. An example is the more education an
individual has the more income the individual will generate.
Units of Analysis – COVID-19 is analyzed by the number of individuals tested, number of
cases of confirmed COVID-19, number of deaths due to COVID-19, number of recovered from
COVID-19.
31. What is Literature Review?
• Shares results of other studies.
• Relates a study to the ongoing dialogue in the literature.
• Provides a framework for establishing the importance of the study.
• Provides a benchmark for comparing the results to other findings.
32. Types of Literature Reviews
Literature reviews that integrate what others have done and said.
Literature reviews that criticize previous works.
Literature reviews that build bridges between related topics.
Literature reviews that identify the central issues in the field.
34. References
Raadschelders, J., Lee, K. (2011). Trends in the Study of Public Administration: Empirical and
Qualitative Observations from Public Administration Review, 2000-2009. Public Administration Review,
71(1), 19–33. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2010.02303.x
Rassel, G., Leland, S., Mohr, Z., O’Sullivan, Elizabethann. (2021). Research Methods for Public
Administrators. Routledge.