Approximately 20% of 1000 fish in a pond are affected with a skin disease. A random sample of 20 fish are selected. What is the mean of the sampling distribution for the proportion of your sample that is infected? What is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution for the proportion of your sample that is infected?
Chapter 4, Section 3, Exercise 075
Match the p-values with the appropriate conclusion:
(a) The evidence against the null hypothesis is significant, but only at the 10% level.
(b) The evidence against the null and in favor of the alternative is very strong.
(c) There is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis, even at the 10% level.
(d) The result is significant at a 5% level but not at a 1% level.
Chapter 4, Section 3, Exercise 082
Sleep or Caffeine for Memory?
The consumption of caffeine to benefit alertness is a common activity practiced by 90% of adults in North America. Often caffeine is used in order to replace the need for sleep. One recent study1 compares students' ability to recall memorized information after either the consumption of caffeine or a brief sleep. A random sample of 35 adults (between the ages of 18-39 ) were randomly divided into three groups and verbally given a list of 24 words to memorize. During a break, one of the groups takes a nap for an hour and a half, another group is kept awake and then given a caffeine pill an hour prior to testing, and the third group is given a placebo. The response variable of interest is the number of words participants are able to recall following the break. The summary statistics for the three groups are in the table below. We are interested in testing whether there is evidence of a difference in average recall ability between any two of the treatments. Thus we have three possible tests between different pairs of groups: Sleep vs Caffeine, Sleep vs Placebo, and Caffeine vs Placebo.
Group
Sample size
Mean
Standard Deviation
Sleep
12
15.25
3.3
Caffeine
12
12.25
3.5
Placebo
11
13.70
3.0
1 Mednick, Cai, Kanady, and Drummond, "Comparing the benefits of caffeine, naps and placebo on verbal, motor and perceptual memory", Behavioural Brain Research, 193 (2008), 79-86.
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(a) In the test comparing the sleep group to the caffeine group, the p-value is 0.003.
What is the conclusion of the test?
H0.
In the sample , which group had better recall ability?
According to the test results, do you think sleep is really better than caffeine for recall ability?
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(b) In the test comparing the sleep group to the placebo group, the p-value is 0.06.
What is the conclusion of the test, using a 5% significance level?
H0.
What is the conclusion of the test, if we use a 10% significance level?
H0.
How strong is the evidence of a difference in mean recall ability between these two treatments?
Warn.
3.A study wants to determine if taking fish oils can reduce depr.docxcameroncourtney45
3.
A study wants to determine if taking fish oils can reduce depressive symptoms. A group of 50 volunteers who suffered from mild depression were randomly divided into two groups. Each person was given a three-month’s supply of capsules. One group was given capsules that contained fish oils while the other group was given capsules that look and tasted like fish oils, but actually only contained sugar. Neither the participants nor the investigator knew what type of capsule they were taking. At the end of the month, a psychologist evaluated them to determine if their depressive symptoms had
changed
.
Therefore, we are comparing the “change in depressive symptoms” for individuals in two groups.
Explain whether each of the following terms applies or does not apply to this study.
Why or why not?
a.
observational study
A: Does not apply: the study is not being conducted in their natural settings/groupings since they are randomly assigned to a group.
b.
randomized experiment
A: Does apply:
creates differences in explanatory variable when randomly assigning groups.
c.
placebo
d.
placebo effect
e.
single-blind
f.
double-blind
g.
matched pairs (dependent samples)
h.
block design
i.
independent samples
j.
explanatory variable (What is it?)
k.
response variable (What is it?)
4.
Does the use of cell phones lead to a higher incidence of brain cancer? People with brain cancer were matched with people who did not have brain cancer on age, gender, and living environment. Each participant in the study was asked to answer questions about previous life experiences and exposures.
Determine whether or not each of the following terms applies or does not apply to this observational study.
Why or why not?
a.
prospective
b.
retrospective
c.
case-control study
5.
A study involving ten people wants to compare the effectiveness of two different brands of antihistamines with regard to enhancing sleep. Each person is randomly assigned to take either Antihistamine A or Antihistamine B on the first night.
Then each person takes the other antihistamine on the following night.
With each person, the hours of sleep were recorded for each night. Explain whether each of the following terms applies or does not apply to this study.
Why or why not?
a.
observational study
b.
randomized experiment
c.
carry-over effect (confounding)
d.
matched pairs (dependent samples)
e.
explanatory variable (What is it?)
f.
response variable (What is it?)
6.
Suppose the study found in the previous problem instead found that each person took Antihistamine A on the first night and Antihistamine B on the second night. What terms that did not apply to the previous problem now apply to this problem? Explain.
7.
Are you annoyed with spam e-mail? Suppose a random sample of 200 Penn State students was asked this question of which 80% said that they are annoyed. From the provided information we can find the following:
sample percent = 80% (sample proportion = .80)
.
The quiz has two portions Multiple Choice (8 problems, 32 p.docxhelen23456789
The quiz has two portions:
Multiple Choice
(8 problems, 32 points).
Show work/explanation as appropriate
.
Short Answer
(3 problems, 38 points)
Show work
.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
(
4 points
) If the P-value of a hypothesis test comparing two means was 0.25, what can you conclude? (Select all that apply):
A. You can accept the null hypothesis
B. There was a significant difference between the means
C. You failed to reject the null hypothesis
D. There did not appear to be significant difference between the means
(
4 points
) Imagine a researcher wanted to test the effect of the new drug on reducing blood pressure. In this study, there were 50 participants. The researcher measured the participants’ blood pressure before and after the drug intake. If we want to compare the mean blood pressure from the two time periods with a two-tailed t test, how many degrees of freedom are there?
A. 49
B. 50
C. 99
D. 100
(
4 points
) When sample size increases, ____
A. Power increases a great degree at first, reaches its peak, and then slowly decreases
B. Power decreases a great degree at first, reaches its lowest point, and then slowly increases
C. Power increases a great degree at first, and then increases slowly
D. Power decreases a great degree at first, and then decreases slowly
(
4 points
) α=0.05 for a two-tailed test. Assume that the data has a normal distribution and the number of observations is greater than fifty. Find the critical z value used to test a null hypothesis.
A. ±1.768
B. ±1.764
C. ±1.96
D. ±2.575
(
4 points
) In a sample of 47 adults selected randomly from one town, it is found that 9 of them have been exposed to a particular strain of the flu. Find the P-value for a test of the claim that the proportion of all adults in the town that have been exposed to this strain of the flu is 8%.
A. 0.0024
B. 0.0524
C. 0.0228
D. 0.0048
(
4 points
) For a simple random sample, the size is n=17, σ is not known, and the original population is normally distributed. Determine whether the give conditions justify testing a claim about a population mean µ.
A. Yes
B. No
(
4 points
) A medical researcher claims that 20% of children suffer from a certain disorder. Indentify the type I error for the test.
A. Fail to reject the claim that the percentage of children who suffer from the disorder is equal to 20% when the percentage is actually 20%.
B. Reject the claim that the percentage of children who suffer from the disorder is equal to 20% when that percentage is actually 20%.
C. Fail to reject the claim that the percentage of children who suffer from the disorder is equal to 20% when that percentage is actually different from 20%.
D.Reject the claim that the percentage of children who suffer from the disorder is different from 20% when that percentage really is different f.
1. The standard deviation of the diameter at breast height, or DBH.docxpaynetawnya
1. The standard deviation of the diameter at breast height, or DBH, of the slash pine tree is less than one inch. Identify the Type I error. (Points : 1)
Fail to support the claim σ < 1 when σ < 1 is true.
Support the claim μ < 1 when μ = 1 is true.
Support the claim σ < 1 when σ = 1 is true. Fail to support the claim μ < 1 when μ < 1 is true.
1a. The EPA claims that fluoride in children's drinking water should be at a mean level of less than 1.2 ppm, or parts per million, to reduce the number of dental cavities. Identify the Type I error. (Points : 1)
Fail to support the claim σ < 1.2 when σ < 1.2 is true.
Support the claim μ < 1.2 when μ = 1.2 is true.
Support the claim σ < 1.2 when σ = 1.2 is true.
Fail to support the claim μ < 1.2 when μ < 1.2 is true.
2. Biologists are investigating if their efforts to prevent erosion on the bank of a stream have been statistically significant. For this stream, a narrow channel width is a good indicator that erosion is not occurring. Test the claim that the mean width of ten locations within the stream is greater than 3.7 meters. Assume that a simple random sample has been taken, the population standard deviation is not known, and the population is normally distributed. Use the following sample data:
3.3 3.3 3.5 4.9 3.5 4.1 4.1 5 7.3 6.2
What is the P-value associated with your test statistic? Report your answer with three decimals, e.g., .987 (Points : 1)
2a. Medical researchers studying two therapies for treating patients infected with Hepatitis C found the following data. Assume a .05 significance level for testing the claim that the proportions are not equal. Also, assume the two simple random samples are independent and that the conditions np ≥ 5 and nq ≥ 5 are satisfied.
Therapy 1
Therapy 2
Number of patients
39
47
Eliminated Hepatitis
20
13
C infection
Construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the odds ratio of the odds for having Hepatitis C after Therapy 1 to the odds for having Hepatitis C after Therapy 2. Give your answer with two decimals, e.g., (12.34,56.78) (Points : 0.5)
3. Researchers studying sleep loss followed the length of sleep, in hours, of 10 individuals with insomnia before and after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Assume a .05 significance level to test the claim that there is a difference between the length of sleep of individuals before and after CBT. Also, assume the data consist of matched pairs, the samples are simple random samples, and the pairs of values are from a population having a distribution that is approximately normal.
Individual
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Before
6
5
4
5
3
4
5
3
4
2
CBT
After
8
8
7
6
7
6
6
5
7
5
CBT
Construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the mean difference between the lengths of sleep. Give your answer with two decimals, e.g., (12.34,56.78) (Points : 0.5)
3a. Scientists, researching large woody debris (LWD), surveyed the number of LWD ...
I am Hannah Dennis. Currently associated with excelhomeworkhelp.com as Excel homework helper. After completing my master's from Kean University, USA. I was in search of an opportunity that expands my area of knowledge hence I decided to help students with their homework. I have written several excel homework till date to help students overcome numerous difficulties they face.
Week 2 Assignment1. A. What is the probability of rolling a four.docxmelbruce90096
Week 2 Assignment
1. A. What is the probability of rolling a four in the gambling dice game of craps (given two six sided dice)?
B. What is the probability that a player can roll a four 3 times in a row (assume that rolling the dice each time does not affect the outcome of the next roll)?
2. Population A and Population B both have a mean height of 70.0 inches with an SD of 6.0. A random sample of 30 people is picked from population A, and random sample of 50 people is selected from Population B. Which sample mean will probably yield a more accurate estimate of its population mean? Why?
3.
Suppose we obtained data on vein size after application of a nitroglycerin ointment in a sample of 50 patients. The mean vein size is found to be 7.8mm with an SD of 2.1. Using a t distribution table, what are the confidence limits for a 95% confidence interval? For a 99% confidence interval?
4.
In a pilot study evaluating the use of a new drug to lower resting heart rates (HR) of patients, the following data was recorded:
Subject #
Resting HR
001
72
002
88
003
71
004
87
005
64
006
77
007
79
008
59
009
66
010
68
011
78
012
89
013
91
014
81
015
77
016
75
017
69
Given that the average resting HR of the general population for this study is 72, use StatCrunch to perform the appropriate t test. What is the value of t? Using an alpha of 0.05, is the t statistic significant? Why? What are the confidence limits for a 95% confidence interval here and what do they mean for this patient group? Copy and Paste your work from StatCrunch into your Word document submission.
5.
Write one or two sentences that could be used to report the results obtained for the t-test in Exercise 4.
6.
For which of the following situations is the independent groups t-test appropriate (if inappropriate, why?):
a.
The independent variable is infant birth weight at one week (normal vs high); the dependent variable is resting heart rate.
b.
The independent variable is radiation treatment on throat cancer patients (after a low dose and then a high dose treatment); the dependent variable is white blood cell count.
c.
The IV is infant birth weight (low vs normal birth weight); the DV is number of days absent from school in first grade.
d.
The IV is gender (male vs female); the DV is compliance vs noncompliance with a medication regimen.
e.
The independent variable is married status (single vs divorced vs married); the dependent variable is happiness measured on a scale from 1 to 50
7.
For which of the following situations is the dependent groups t-test appropriate (if not appropriate, why?)
a.
The IV is presence or absence of conversation directed to comatose patients (same patients with and without conversation); the DV is the patients’ intracranial pressure.
b.
The IV is birth type (home vs hospital); the DV is perceived functional ability of the patient 48 hours after surgery.
c.
The IV is time since incarceration (1 months vs 3 months vs 6 months); the DV is body .
14 + 8 Answers and calculations as basic statistics student would ex.docxjeanettehully
14 + 8 Answers and calculations as basic statistics student would explain put into both an MS Excel spreadsheet and copied into MS Word doc format. Due by 7pm 2/2/14.
Week 2 Assignment
A. What is the probability of rolling a four in the gambling dice game of craps (given two six sided dice)?
B. What is the probability that a player can roll a four 3 times in a row (assume that rolling the dice each time does not affect the outcome of the next roll)?
Population A and Population B both have a mean height of 70.0 inches with an SD of 6.0. A random sample of 30 people is picked from population A, and random sample of 50 people is selected from Population B. Which sample mean will probably yield a more accurate estimate of its population mean? Why?
3. Suppose we obtained data on vein size after application of a nitroglycerin ointment in a sample of 50 patients. The mean vein size is found to be 7.8mm with an SD of 2.1. Using a
t
distribution table, what are the confidence limits for a 95% confidence interval? For a 99% confidence interval?
4. In a pilot study evaluating the use of a new drug to lower resting heart rates (HR) of patients, the following data was recorded:
Subject #
Resting HR
001
72
002
88
003
71
004
87
005
64
006
77
007
79
008
59
009
66
010
68
011
78
012
89
013
91
014
81
015
77
016
75
017
69
Given that the average resting HR of the general population for this study is 72, use StatCrunch to perform the appropriate
t
test. What is the value of
t
? Using an alpha of 0.05, is the
t
statistic significant? Why? What are the confidence limits for a 95% confidence interval here and what do they mean for this patient group? Copy and Paste your work from StatCrunch into your Word document submission.
5. Write one or two sentences that could be used to report the results obtained for the t-test in Exercise 4.
6. For which of the following situations is the
independent
groups t-test appropriate (if inappropriate, why?):
a. The independent variable is infant birth weight at one week (normal vs high); the dependent variable is resting heart rate.
b. The independent variable is radiation treatment on throat cancer patients (after a low dose and then a high dose treatment); the dependent variable is white blood cell count.
c. The IV is infant birth weight (low vs normal birth weight); the DV is number of days absent from school in first grade.
d. The IV is gender (male vs female); the DV is compliance vs noncompliance with a medication regimen.
e. The independent variable is married status (single vs divorced vs married); the dependent variable is happiness measured on a scale from 1 to 50
7. For which of the following situations is the
dependent
groups t-test appropriate (if not appropriate, why?)
a. The IV is presence or absence of conversation directed to comato.
1. In 2006, Merck released a vaccine named Gardasil for HPV - the .docxjackiewalcutt
1. In 2006, Merck released a vaccine named Gardasil for HPV - the most common cause of cervical cancer among young women. The company conducted four placebo controlled double blind clinical studies of women aged 16 to 26. The results were
Treatment
n
Cervical cancer cases
n
Genital wart cases
Gardasil
8487
0
7897
1
Placebo
8460
32
7899
91
(a): Give a 98% confidence interval for the differences in the proportion of young women who develop cervical cancer with and without the vaccine.
Lower confidence level:
Upper confidence level:
(b): Give a 98% confidence interval for the differences in the proportion of young women who develop genital warts with and without the vaccine.
Lower confidence level:
Upper confidence level:
2. Here is data on the age (in months) that 20 children said their first words of English.
15
26
10
9
15
20
18
11
8
20
7
9
10
11
11
10
12
17
11
10
If you treat this as an SRS, does it provide evidence at significance level 4% that the mean age at first word is greater than 12 months?
(a): Give the associated P-value.
P-value::
3.
Here is data on the age (in months) that 20 children said their first words of English.
15
26
10
9
15
20
18
11
8
20
7
9
10
11
11
10
12
17
11
10
Treat this as an SRS. Use it to provide a 90% confidence interval of the mean age in months at which children say their first words.
Lower confidence level:
Upper confidence level:
4. Fabrics respond differently to the same dye. Clothing manufacturers need to be able to match the colors of different fabrics. A researcher dyed samples of cotton and of ramie with a dye called procion blue, applied in the same way to each sample. Then she measured the lightness of the color with a colorimeter on a scale in which black is 0, white is 100. Here are the data for 8 pieces of each fabric.
Cotton:
48.82
48.88
48.98
49.04
48.68
49.34
48.75
49.12
Ramie:
41.72
41.83
42.05
41.44
41.27
42.27
41.12
41.49
Do these samples provide evidence significant at the 1% level that the dye affects the cotton and ramie fabrics differently?
Formulate H0 and Ha.
a. Give the test statistic:
b. Give the P-value:
c. Your decision for the hypothesis test:
A. Reject Ha.
B. Reject H0.
C. Do Not Reject H0.
D. Do Not Reject Ha.
5. Fabrics respond differently to the same dye. Clothing manufacturers need to be able to match the colors of different fabrics. A researcher dyed samples of cotton and of ramie with a dye called procion blue, applied in the same way to each sample. Then she measured the lightness of the color with a colorimeter on a scale in which black is 0, white is 100. Here are the data for 8 pieces of each fabric.
Cotton:
48.82
48.88
48.98
49.04
48.68
49.34
48.75
49.12
Ramie:
41.72
41.83
42.05
41.44
41.27
42.27
41.12
41.49
Evidently one procedure gives darker colors than the other. Make a confidence interval estimate for the mean darkness of cotton minus the mean darkness of ramie after this dye procedure. Use 99% as your confidence level.
Lower Confidence Le ...
Problems related to text's Chapter 7:
1.
Assume you need to build a confidence interval for a population mean within some given situation. Naturally, you must determine whether you should use either the t-distribution or the z-distribution or possibly even neither based upon the information known/collected in the situation. Thus, based upon the information provided for each situation below, determine which (
t
-,
z
- or neither) distribution is appropriate. Then
if
you can use either a t- or z- distribution, give the associated critical value (critical
t
- or
z
- score) from that distribution to reach the given confidence level.
a.
99% confidence
n=150
σ known
population data believed to be very skewed
Appropriate distribution:
Associated critical value:
b.
95% confidence
n=10
σ unknown
population data believed to be normally distributed
Appropriate distribution:
Associated critical value:
c.
90% confidence
n=40
σ
unknown
population data believed to be normally distributed
Appropriate distribution:
Associated critical value:
d.
99% confidence
n=12
σ unknown
population data believed to be very skewed
Appropriate distribution:
Associated critical value:
2.
A student researcher is interested in determining the average (
µ
) GPA of all FHSU students, in order to investigate grade inflation at regional universities. The data below represent the GPA's of thirty randomly selected FHSU students.
2.75
2.55
3.95
1.74
2.66
3.10
2.41
1.57
2.12
3.67
3.56
1.98
4.00
3.21
1.95
3.75
1.45
3.01
2.29
2.66
3.95
2.50
3.88
2.79
2.32
3.44
2.07
0.62
2.72
3.55
3.92
3.41
2.14
1.15
2.75
3.25
a.
How do you know that you will need to construct the confidence interval using a
t
-distribution approach as opposed to a
z
-distribution?
We want to construct the mean value confidence interval for the GPA's with a 90% confidence level.
b.
Determine the best point estimate (average) for the mean GPA.
c.
Determine the critical
t
-value(s) associated with the 95% confidence level.
d.
Determine the margin of error.
e.
Determine the confidence interval.
.
3.A study wants to determine if taking fish oils can reduce depr.docxcameroncourtney45
3.
A study wants to determine if taking fish oils can reduce depressive symptoms. A group of 50 volunteers who suffered from mild depression were randomly divided into two groups. Each person was given a three-month’s supply of capsules. One group was given capsules that contained fish oils while the other group was given capsules that look and tasted like fish oils, but actually only contained sugar. Neither the participants nor the investigator knew what type of capsule they were taking. At the end of the month, a psychologist evaluated them to determine if their depressive symptoms had
changed
.
Therefore, we are comparing the “change in depressive symptoms” for individuals in two groups.
Explain whether each of the following terms applies or does not apply to this study.
Why or why not?
a.
observational study
A: Does not apply: the study is not being conducted in their natural settings/groupings since they are randomly assigned to a group.
b.
randomized experiment
A: Does apply:
creates differences in explanatory variable when randomly assigning groups.
c.
placebo
d.
placebo effect
e.
single-blind
f.
double-blind
g.
matched pairs (dependent samples)
h.
block design
i.
independent samples
j.
explanatory variable (What is it?)
k.
response variable (What is it?)
4.
Does the use of cell phones lead to a higher incidence of brain cancer? People with brain cancer were matched with people who did not have brain cancer on age, gender, and living environment. Each participant in the study was asked to answer questions about previous life experiences and exposures.
Determine whether or not each of the following terms applies or does not apply to this observational study.
Why or why not?
a.
prospective
b.
retrospective
c.
case-control study
5.
A study involving ten people wants to compare the effectiveness of two different brands of antihistamines with regard to enhancing sleep. Each person is randomly assigned to take either Antihistamine A or Antihistamine B on the first night.
Then each person takes the other antihistamine on the following night.
With each person, the hours of sleep were recorded for each night. Explain whether each of the following terms applies or does not apply to this study.
Why or why not?
a.
observational study
b.
randomized experiment
c.
carry-over effect (confounding)
d.
matched pairs (dependent samples)
e.
explanatory variable (What is it?)
f.
response variable (What is it?)
6.
Suppose the study found in the previous problem instead found that each person took Antihistamine A on the first night and Antihistamine B on the second night. What terms that did not apply to the previous problem now apply to this problem? Explain.
7.
Are you annoyed with spam e-mail? Suppose a random sample of 200 Penn State students was asked this question of which 80% said that they are annoyed. From the provided information we can find the following:
sample percent = 80% (sample proportion = .80)
.
The quiz has two portions Multiple Choice (8 problems, 32 p.docxhelen23456789
The quiz has two portions:
Multiple Choice
(8 problems, 32 points).
Show work/explanation as appropriate
.
Short Answer
(3 problems, 38 points)
Show work
.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
(
4 points
) If the P-value of a hypothesis test comparing two means was 0.25, what can you conclude? (Select all that apply):
A. You can accept the null hypothesis
B. There was a significant difference between the means
C. You failed to reject the null hypothesis
D. There did not appear to be significant difference between the means
(
4 points
) Imagine a researcher wanted to test the effect of the new drug on reducing blood pressure. In this study, there were 50 participants. The researcher measured the participants’ blood pressure before and after the drug intake. If we want to compare the mean blood pressure from the two time periods with a two-tailed t test, how many degrees of freedom are there?
A. 49
B. 50
C. 99
D. 100
(
4 points
) When sample size increases, ____
A. Power increases a great degree at first, reaches its peak, and then slowly decreases
B. Power decreases a great degree at first, reaches its lowest point, and then slowly increases
C. Power increases a great degree at first, and then increases slowly
D. Power decreases a great degree at first, and then decreases slowly
(
4 points
) α=0.05 for a two-tailed test. Assume that the data has a normal distribution and the number of observations is greater than fifty. Find the critical z value used to test a null hypothesis.
A. ±1.768
B. ±1.764
C. ±1.96
D. ±2.575
(
4 points
) In a sample of 47 adults selected randomly from one town, it is found that 9 of them have been exposed to a particular strain of the flu. Find the P-value for a test of the claim that the proportion of all adults in the town that have been exposed to this strain of the flu is 8%.
A. 0.0024
B. 0.0524
C. 0.0228
D. 0.0048
(
4 points
) For a simple random sample, the size is n=17, σ is not known, and the original population is normally distributed. Determine whether the give conditions justify testing a claim about a population mean µ.
A. Yes
B. No
(
4 points
) A medical researcher claims that 20% of children suffer from a certain disorder. Indentify the type I error for the test.
A. Fail to reject the claim that the percentage of children who suffer from the disorder is equal to 20% when the percentage is actually 20%.
B. Reject the claim that the percentage of children who suffer from the disorder is equal to 20% when that percentage is actually 20%.
C. Fail to reject the claim that the percentage of children who suffer from the disorder is equal to 20% when that percentage is actually different from 20%.
D.Reject the claim that the percentage of children who suffer from the disorder is different from 20% when that percentage really is different f.
1. The standard deviation of the diameter at breast height, or DBH.docxpaynetawnya
1. The standard deviation of the diameter at breast height, or DBH, of the slash pine tree is less than one inch. Identify the Type I error. (Points : 1)
Fail to support the claim σ < 1 when σ < 1 is true.
Support the claim μ < 1 when μ = 1 is true.
Support the claim σ < 1 when σ = 1 is true. Fail to support the claim μ < 1 when μ < 1 is true.
1a. The EPA claims that fluoride in children's drinking water should be at a mean level of less than 1.2 ppm, or parts per million, to reduce the number of dental cavities. Identify the Type I error. (Points : 1)
Fail to support the claim σ < 1.2 when σ < 1.2 is true.
Support the claim μ < 1.2 when μ = 1.2 is true.
Support the claim σ < 1.2 when σ = 1.2 is true.
Fail to support the claim μ < 1.2 when μ < 1.2 is true.
2. Biologists are investigating if their efforts to prevent erosion on the bank of a stream have been statistically significant. For this stream, a narrow channel width is a good indicator that erosion is not occurring. Test the claim that the mean width of ten locations within the stream is greater than 3.7 meters. Assume that a simple random sample has been taken, the population standard deviation is not known, and the population is normally distributed. Use the following sample data:
3.3 3.3 3.5 4.9 3.5 4.1 4.1 5 7.3 6.2
What is the P-value associated with your test statistic? Report your answer with three decimals, e.g., .987 (Points : 1)
2a. Medical researchers studying two therapies for treating patients infected with Hepatitis C found the following data. Assume a .05 significance level for testing the claim that the proportions are not equal. Also, assume the two simple random samples are independent and that the conditions np ≥ 5 and nq ≥ 5 are satisfied.
Therapy 1
Therapy 2
Number of patients
39
47
Eliminated Hepatitis
20
13
C infection
Construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the odds ratio of the odds for having Hepatitis C after Therapy 1 to the odds for having Hepatitis C after Therapy 2. Give your answer with two decimals, e.g., (12.34,56.78) (Points : 0.5)
3. Researchers studying sleep loss followed the length of sleep, in hours, of 10 individuals with insomnia before and after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Assume a .05 significance level to test the claim that there is a difference between the length of sleep of individuals before and after CBT. Also, assume the data consist of matched pairs, the samples are simple random samples, and the pairs of values are from a population having a distribution that is approximately normal.
Individual
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Before
6
5
4
5
3
4
5
3
4
2
CBT
After
8
8
7
6
7
6
6
5
7
5
CBT
Construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the mean difference between the lengths of sleep. Give your answer with two decimals, e.g., (12.34,56.78) (Points : 0.5)
3a. Scientists, researching large woody debris (LWD), surveyed the number of LWD ...
I am Hannah Dennis. Currently associated with excelhomeworkhelp.com as Excel homework helper. After completing my master's from Kean University, USA. I was in search of an opportunity that expands my area of knowledge hence I decided to help students with their homework. I have written several excel homework till date to help students overcome numerous difficulties they face.
Week 2 Assignment1. A. What is the probability of rolling a four.docxmelbruce90096
Week 2 Assignment
1. A. What is the probability of rolling a four in the gambling dice game of craps (given two six sided dice)?
B. What is the probability that a player can roll a four 3 times in a row (assume that rolling the dice each time does not affect the outcome of the next roll)?
2. Population A and Population B both have a mean height of 70.0 inches with an SD of 6.0. A random sample of 30 people is picked from population A, and random sample of 50 people is selected from Population B. Which sample mean will probably yield a more accurate estimate of its population mean? Why?
3.
Suppose we obtained data on vein size after application of a nitroglycerin ointment in a sample of 50 patients. The mean vein size is found to be 7.8mm with an SD of 2.1. Using a t distribution table, what are the confidence limits for a 95% confidence interval? For a 99% confidence interval?
4.
In a pilot study evaluating the use of a new drug to lower resting heart rates (HR) of patients, the following data was recorded:
Subject #
Resting HR
001
72
002
88
003
71
004
87
005
64
006
77
007
79
008
59
009
66
010
68
011
78
012
89
013
91
014
81
015
77
016
75
017
69
Given that the average resting HR of the general population for this study is 72, use StatCrunch to perform the appropriate t test. What is the value of t? Using an alpha of 0.05, is the t statistic significant? Why? What are the confidence limits for a 95% confidence interval here and what do they mean for this patient group? Copy and Paste your work from StatCrunch into your Word document submission.
5.
Write one or two sentences that could be used to report the results obtained for the t-test in Exercise 4.
6.
For which of the following situations is the independent groups t-test appropriate (if inappropriate, why?):
a.
The independent variable is infant birth weight at one week (normal vs high); the dependent variable is resting heart rate.
b.
The independent variable is radiation treatment on throat cancer patients (after a low dose and then a high dose treatment); the dependent variable is white blood cell count.
c.
The IV is infant birth weight (low vs normal birth weight); the DV is number of days absent from school in first grade.
d.
The IV is gender (male vs female); the DV is compliance vs noncompliance with a medication regimen.
e.
The independent variable is married status (single vs divorced vs married); the dependent variable is happiness measured on a scale from 1 to 50
7.
For which of the following situations is the dependent groups t-test appropriate (if not appropriate, why?)
a.
The IV is presence or absence of conversation directed to comatose patients (same patients with and without conversation); the DV is the patients’ intracranial pressure.
b.
The IV is birth type (home vs hospital); the DV is perceived functional ability of the patient 48 hours after surgery.
c.
The IV is time since incarceration (1 months vs 3 months vs 6 months); the DV is body .
14 + 8 Answers and calculations as basic statistics student would ex.docxjeanettehully
14 + 8 Answers and calculations as basic statistics student would explain put into both an MS Excel spreadsheet and copied into MS Word doc format. Due by 7pm 2/2/14.
Week 2 Assignment
A. What is the probability of rolling a four in the gambling dice game of craps (given two six sided dice)?
B. What is the probability that a player can roll a four 3 times in a row (assume that rolling the dice each time does not affect the outcome of the next roll)?
Population A and Population B both have a mean height of 70.0 inches with an SD of 6.0. A random sample of 30 people is picked from population A, and random sample of 50 people is selected from Population B. Which sample mean will probably yield a more accurate estimate of its population mean? Why?
3. Suppose we obtained data on vein size after application of a nitroglycerin ointment in a sample of 50 patients. The mean vein size is found to be 7.8mm with an SD of 2.1. Using a
t
distribution table, what are the confidence limits for a 95% confidence interval? For a 99% confidence interval?
4. In a pilot study evaluating the use of a new drug to lower resting heart rates (HR) of patients, the following data was recorded:
Subject #
Resting HR
001
72
002
88
003
71
004
87
005
64
006
77
007
79
008
59
009
66
010
68
011
78
012
89
013
91
014
81
015
77
016
75
017
69
Given that the average resting HR of the general population for this study is 72, use StatCrunch to perform the appropriate
t
test. What is the value of
t
? Using an alpha of 0.05, is the
t
statistic significant? Why? What are the confidence limits for a 95% confidence interval here and what do they mean for this patient group? Copy and Paste your work from StatCrunch into your Word document submission.
5. Write one or two sentences that could be used to report the results obtained for the t-test in Exercise 4.
6. For which of the following situations is the
independent
groups t-test appropriate (if inappropriate, why?):
a. The independent variable is infant birth weight at one week (normal vs high); the dependent variable is resting heart rate.
b. The independent variable is radiation treatment on throat cancer patients (after a low dose and then a high dose treatment); the dependent variable is white blood cell count.
c. The IV is infant birth weight (low vs normal birth weight); the DV is number of days absent from school in first grade.
d. The IV is gender (male vs female); the DV is compliance vs noncompliance with a medication regimen.
e. The independent variable is married status (single vs divorced vs married); the dependent variable is happiness measured on a scale from 1 to 50
7. For which of the following situations is the
dependent
groups t-test appropriate (if not appropriate, why?)
a. The IV is presence or absence of conversation directed to comato.
1. In 2006, Merck released a vaccine named Gardasil for HPV - the .docxjackiewalcutt
1. In 2006, Merck released a vaccine named Gardasil for HPV - the most common cause of cervical cancer among young women. The company conducted four placebo controlled double blind clinical studies of women aged 16 to 26. The results were
Treatment
n
Cervical cancer cases
n
Genital wart cases
Gardasil
8487
0
7897
1
Placebo
8460
32
7899
91
(a): Give a 98% confidence interval for the differences in the proportion of young women who develop cervical cancer with and without the vaccine.
Lower confidence level:
Upper confidence level:
(b): Give a 98% confidence interval for the differences in the proportion of young women who develop genital warts with and without the vaccine.
Lower confidence level:
Upper confidence level:
2. Here is data on the age (in months) that 20 children said their first words of English.
15
26
10
9
15
20
18
11
8
20
7
9
10
11
11
10
12
17
11
10
If you treat this as an SRS, does it provide evidence at significance level 4% that the mean age at first word is greater than 12 months?
(a): Give the associated P-value.
P-value::
3.
Here is data on the age (in months) that 20 children said their first words of English.
15
26
10
9
15
20
18
11
8
20
7
9
10
11
11
10
12
17
11
10
Treat this as an SRS. Use it to provide a 90% confidence interval of the mean age in months at which children say their first words.
Lower confidence level:
Upper confidence level:
4. Fabrics respond differently to the same dye. Clothing manufacturers need to be able to match the colors of different fabrics. A researcher dyed samples of cotton and of ramie with a dye called procion blue, applied in the same way to each sample. Then she measured the lightness of the color with a colorimeter on a scale in which black is 0, white is 100. Here are the data for 8 pieces of each fabric.
Cotton:
48.82
48.88
48.98
49.04
48.68
49.34
48.75
49.12
Ramie:
41.72
41.83
42.05
41.44
41.27
42.27
41.12
41.49
Do these samples provide evidence significant at the 1% level that the dye affects the cotton and ramie fabrics differently?
Formulate H0 and Ha.
a. Give the test statistic:
b. Give the P-value:
c. Your decision for the hypothesis test:
A. Reject Ha.
B. Reject H0.
C. Do Not Reject H0.
D. Do Not Reject Ha.
5. Fabrics respond differently to the same dye. Clothing manufacturers need to be able to match the colors of different fabrics. A researcher dyed samples of cotton and of ramie with a dye called procion blue, applied in the same way to each sample. Then she measured the lightness of the color with a colorimeter on a scale in which black is 0, white is 100. Here are the data for 8 pieces of each fabric.
Cotton:
48.82
48.88
48.98
49.04
48.68
49.34
48.75
49.12
Ramie:
41.72
41.83
42.05
41.44
41.27
42.27
41.12
41.49
Evidently one procedure gives darker colors than the other. Make a confidence interval estimate for the mean darkness of cotton minus the mean darkness of ramie after this dye procedure. Use 99% as your confidence level.
Lower Confidence Le ...
Problems related to text's Chapter 7:
1.
Assume you need to build a confidence interval for a population mean within some given situation. Naturally, you must determine whether you should use either the t-distribution or the z-distribution or possibly even neither based upon the information known/collected in the situation. Thus, based upon the information provided for each situation below, determine which (
t
-,
z
- or neither) distribution is appropriate. Then
if
you can use either a t- or z- distribution, give the associated critical value (critical
t
- or
z
- score) from that distribution to reach the given confidence level.
a.
99% confidence
n=150
σ known
population data believed to be very skewed
Appropriate distribution:
Associated critical value:
b.
95% confidence
n=10
σ unknown
population data believed to be normally distributed
Appropriate distribution:
Associated critical value:
c.
90% confidence
n=40
σ
unknown
population data believed to be normally distributed
Appropriate distribution:
Associated critical value:
d.
99% confidence
n=12
σ unknown
population data believed to be very skewed
Appropriate distribution:
Associated critical value:
2.
A student researcher is interested in determining the average (
µ
) GPA of all FHSU students, in order to investigate grade inflation at regional universities. The data below represent the GPA's of thirty randomly selected FHSU students.
2.75
2.55
3.95
1.74
2.66
3.10
2.41
1.57
2.12
3.67
3.56
1.98
4.00
3.21
1.95
3.75
1.45
3.01
2.29
2.66
3.95
2.50
3.88
2.79
2.32
3.44
2.07
0.62
2.72
3.55
3.92
3.41
2.14
1.15
2.75
3.25
a.
How do you know that you will need to construct the confidence interval using a
t
-distribution approach as opposed to a
z
-distribution?
We want to construct the mean value confidence interval for the GPA's with a 90% confidence level.
b.
Determine the best point estimate (average) for the mean GPA.
c.
Determine the critical
t
-value(s) associated with the 95% confidence level.
d.
Determine the margin of error.
e.
Determine the confidence interval.
.
My name is Moses Alex. I am associated with statisticshomeworkhelper.com for the past 15 years and have been assisting the statistics students with their homework.
I have a Masters in Statistics from Leeds Trinity University.
This quiz consists of 20 questions most appear to be similar but now.docxamit657720
This quiz consists of 20 questions most appear to be similar but now really. I ned someone who is familiar with bio-statistics and math. The due date is tomorrow 4 pm PST. or (16:00). Please if you accept handshake you must do the work not get from previous papers or tell me you had emergency an hour before its due. This is important to me.
attached is the file just in case you need it in word format. Thank you in advance.
1.
The standard deviation of the diameter at breast height, or DBH, of the slash pine tree is less than one inch. Identify the Type I error. (Points : 1)
[removed] Fail to support the claim σ < 1 when σ < 1 is true.
[removed] Support the claim μ < 1 when μ = 1 is true.
[removed]
Support the claim σ < 1 when σ = 1 is true.
[removed] Fail to support the claim μ < 1 when μ < 1 is true.
1a. The EPA claims that fluoride in children's drinking water should be at a mean level of less than 1.2 ppm, or parts per million, to reduce the number of dental cavities. Identify the Type I error. (Points : 1)
[removed] Fail to support the claim σ < 1.2 when σ < 1.2 is true.
[removed] Support the claim μ < 1.2 when μ = 1.2 is true.
[removed] Support the claim σ < 1.2 when σ = 1.2 is true.
[removed] Fail to support the claim μ < 1.2 when μ < 1.2 is true.
2.
Biologists are investigating if their efforts to prevent erosion on the bank of a stream have been statistically significant. For this stream, a narrow channel width is a good indicator that erosion is not occurring. Test the claim that the mean width of ten locations within the stream is greater than 3.7 meters. Assume that a simple random sample has been taken, the population standard deviation is not known, and the population is normally distributed. Use the following sample data:
3.3 3.3 3.5 4.9 3.5 4.1 4.1 5 7.3 6.2
What is the P-value associated with your test statistic? Report your answer with three decimals, e.g., .987 (Points : 1)
2a. Medical researchers studying two therapies for treating patients infected with Hepatitis C found the following data. Assume a .05 significance level for testing the claim that the proportions are not equal. Also, assume the two simple random samples are independent and that the conditions np ≥ 5 and nq ≥ 5 are satisfied.
Therapy 1
Therapy 2
Number of patients
39
47
Eliminated Hepatitis
20
13
C infection
Construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the odds ratio of the odds for having Hepatitis C after Therapy 1 to the odds for having Hepatitis C after Therapy 2. Give your answer with two decimals, e.g., (12.34,56.78) (Points : 0.5)
[removed]
3. Researchers studying sleep loss followed the length of sleep, in hours, of 10 individuals with insomnia before and after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Assume a .05 significance level to test the claim that there is a difference between the length of sleep of individuals before and after CBT. Also, assume the data consist of matched pair ...
Check your solutions from the practice. Please be sure you f.docxspoonerneddy
Check your solutions from the practice. Please be sure you fully understand all
solutions before taking your exam.
1 . a. The type of study is observational with the variable of interest being the
age of the student.
2 . (41.1, 50.9)
3. a. 36 movies
b . 29 movies
c. 23 movies
d. About 230 minutes
4. Part a: Median 139,500 Mean: 163,125
Part b: Outlier 34,000 Median: 140,000 Mean: 182, 000
Part c: outlier 434,000 Median: 139,000 Mean: 124,428.57
5 . a. The goal is to determine how many teachers would choose a different
career if given the opportunity
b . All US teachers
c. Percentage of teachers who would choose a different career
d. 2150 teachers who were questioned
e . Raw data is teacher responses (yes no) to question if they would choose a
different career.
f. 60% of teachers who said they would choose a different career
g. 55%---65%
6. Red: (0.85,0.97)
Yellow: (0.86, 0.98)
Blue: (0.86,0.94)
7 . F ro m st at di sk
Source: DF: SS: MS: Test Stat, F: Critical F: P---Value:
Treatment: 2 0.00224 0.00112 0.505269 6.112108 0.612123
Error: 17 0.03769 0.002217
Total: 19 0.03993
Fail to Reject the Null Hypothesis
There is not sufficient evidence to reject equality of means
The p value 0.61
We have sufficient evidence to claim the mean of all colors is the same.
8. Expected probability of rolling a 2: 0.16
Actual results: 0.44
Difference 0.28, this is statistically significant
9 . Null hypothesis: The mean of all three players are the same
Alternative hypothesis: the mean of at least one player is different
The p value is 0.036
At this level we must reject Ho and conclude at least one mean is statistically
different.
1 0 . The minimum sample size is 365 students
1 1 . a. 58%
b . 74%
c. 82%
d . 7 8
1 2 . H0: p=0.095
a. Ha: P<---.095
b . P hat= 0.0920
c. Z=---0.33
d. No
Test results from stat disk are as follows:
Claim: p < p(hyp)
Sample proportion: 0.0920304
Test Statistic, z: ---0.3288
Critical z: ---1.6449
P---Value: 0.3712
90% Confidence interval:
0.0773847 < p < 0.106676
Fail to Reject the Null Hypothesis
Sample does not provide enough evidence to support the claim
1 3 . a. 2 standard deviations
b . 97.72%
1 4. FROM STAT DISK:
Descriptive Statistics
Column 3
Sample Size, n: 15
Mean:8.2
Median: 8
Midrange: 8.5
RM S : 8.306624
Variance, s^2: 1.885714
St Dev, s:1.373213
Mean Abs Dev: 1.066667
Range: 5
Coeff. Of Var. 16.75%
Minimum: 6
1 st Quartile: 7
2 nd Quartile: 8
3 rd Quartile: 9
Maximum: 11
Sum: 123
Sum Sq: 1035
c. The best estimate for the mean is 8.2 people
d. The 95% confidence interval is (from stat disk)
Margin of error, E = 0.7586815
95% Confident the population mean is within the range:
7. 44 1 3 1 9 < mean <8.958681
No this is not representative of the entire nation
1 5 . Type I error: reject the fact that males and females are equal in GPA when
that is in fact true
Type II error--- Conclude the GPA of males .
Suppose you are interested in selecting a group of six households Experience...pinck336896
FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.tutorialoutlet.com
1. Suppose that in a large metropolitan area, 82% of all households have cable tv. Suppose you are interested in selecting a group of six households from this area. Let X be the number of
households in a group of six households from this area that have cable tv. For what proportion of
groups will at most three of the households have cable tv?
Int 150 The Moral Instinct”1. Most cultures agree that abus.docxmariuse18nolet
Int 150
“The Moral Instinct”
1. Most cultures agree that abusing innocent people is wrong. True or false
2. Young children have a sense of morality. True or false (example)?
3. Emotional reasoning trumps rationalizing. True or false (explain)
4. According to the article, psychopathy or moral misbehavior (like rape) is more environmental than genetic. True or false (example)
5. Explain the point about the British schoolteacher in Sudan.
6. Name three things anthropologists believe all people share, in addition to thinking it’s bad to harm others and good to help them.
a.
b.
c.
7. What is reciprocal altruism?
8. How does the psychologist Tetlock explain the outrage of American college students at the thought that adoption agencies should place children with couples willing to pay the most?
9. Discuss: A love for children and sense of justice is just an expression of our innate sense of preserving our genes for future generations (Darwin)
10. What does the author warn about the arguments regarding climate change?
Hypothesis Testing
(Statistical Significance)
1
Hypothesis Testing
Goal: Make statement(s) regarding unknown population parameter values based on sample data
Elements of a hypothesis test:
Null hypothesis - Statement regarding the value(s) of unknown parameter(s). Typically will imply no association between explanatory and response variables in our applications (will always contain an equality)
Alternative hypothesis - Statement contradictory to the null hypothesis (will always contain an inequality)
The level of significant (Alpha) is the maximum probability of committing a type I error. P(type I error)= alpha
Definitions
Rejection (alpha, α) Region:
Represents area under the curve that is used to reject the null hypothesis
Level of Confidence, 1 - alpha (a):
Also known as fail to reject (FTR) region
Represents area under the curve that is used to fail to reject the null hypothesis
FTR
H0
α/2
α/2
3
1 vs. 2 Sided Tests
Two-sided test
No a priori reason 1 group should have stronger effect
Used for most tests
Example
H0: μ1 = μ2
HA: μ1 ≠ μ2
One-sided test
Specific interest in only one direction
Not scientifically relevant/interesting if reverse situation true
Example
H0: μ1 ≤ μ2
HA: μ1 > μ2
4
Example: It is believed that the mean age of smokers in San Bernardino is 47. Researchers from LLU believe that the average age is different than 47.
Hypothesis
H0:μ = 47
HA: μ ≠ 47
μ = 47
α /2 = 0.025
Fail to Reject (FTR)
α /2 = 0.025
5
Three Approaches to Reject or Fail to Reject A Null Hypothesis:
1a. Confidence interval
Calculate the confidence interval
Decision Rule:
a. If the confidence interval (CI) includes the null, then the decision must be to fail to reject the H0.
b. If the confidence interval (CI) does not include the null, then the decision must be to reject the H0.
6
1b. Confidence interval to compare groups
Calculate the confidence interval for each gro.
InstructionDue Date 6 pm on October 28 (Wed)Part IProbability a.docxdirkrplav
InstructionDue Date: 6 pm on October 28 (Wed)
Part IProbability and Sampling Distributions1.Thinking about probability statements. Probability is measure of how likely an event is to occur. Match one of probabilities that follow with each statement of likelihood given (The probability is usually a more exact measure of likelihood than is the verbal statement.)Answer0 0.01 0.3 0.6 0.99 1(a) This event is impossible. It can never occur.(b) This event is certain. It will occur on every trial.(c) This event is very unlikely, but it will occur once in a while in a long sequence of trials.(d) This event will occur more often that not.2. Spill or Spell? Spell-checking software catches "nonword errors" that result in a string of letters that is not a word, as when "the" is typed as "the." When undergraduates are asked to write a 250-word essay (without spell-checking), the number X of nonword errors has the following distribution:Value of X01234Probability0.10.20.30.30.1(a) Check that this distribution satisfies the two requirements for a legitimate assignment of probabilities to individual outcomes.(b) Write the event "at least one nonword error" in term of X (for example, P(X >3)). What is the probability of this event?(c) Describe the event X ≤ 2 in words. What is its probability? 3. Discrete or continuous? For each exercise listed below, decide whether the random variable described is discrete or continuous and explains the sample space.(a) Choose a student in your class at random. Ask how much time that student spent studying during the past 24 hours.(b) In a test of a new package design, you drop a carton of a dozen eggs from a height of 1 foot and count the number of broken eggs.(c) A nutrition researcher feeds a new diet to a young male white rat. The response variable is the weight (in grams) that the rat gains in 8 weeks.4. Tossing Coins(a) The distribution of the count X of heads in a single coin toss will be as follows. Find the mean number of heads and the variance for a single coin toss.Number of Heads (Xi)01mean:Probability (Pi)0.50.5variance:(b) The distribution of the count X of heads in four tosses of a balanced coin was as follows but some missing probabilities. Fill in the blanks and then find the mean number of heads and the variance for the distribution with assumption that the tosses are independent of each other.Number of Heads (Xi)01234mean:Probability (Pi)0.06250.0625variance:(c) Show that the two results of the means (i.e. single toss and four tosses) are related by the addition rule for means. (d) Show that the two results of the variances (i.e. single toss and four tosses) are related by the addition rule for variances (note: It was assumed that the tosses are independent of each other). 5. Generating a sampling distribution. Let's illustrate the idea of a sampling distribution in the case of a very small sample from a very small .
1Suppose that the average song length in America is 4 minutes wit.docxeugeniadean34240
1 Suppose that the average song length in America is 4 minutes with a standard deviation of 1.25 minutes. It is known that song length is not normally distributed. Find the probability that a single randomly selected song from the population will be longer than 4.25 minutes. Round to the nearest thousandth.
Answer
A. 0.579
B. 0.079
C. 0.421
D. This probability cannot be determined because we do not know the distribution of the population.
2 An outcome of an experiment or study that is large enough to have a real effect on people’s health or lifestyle is said to have clinical significance.
Answer
True
False
3 Are average SAT scores higher in schools where a smaller percentage of graduating students take the test? To answer this question 10 schools are sampled and the average SAT and percentage of students taking the test were recorded. 2002 SAT results of regional high schools were sampled and the data is given below. Use that data to test if there is a relation between the proportion of seniors that take the test and the average SAT scores. At 95% confidence level.
2002 SAT results of a sample of Western North Carolina High Schools.
Mean SAT scores
1106
1040
1013
1066
1061
1075
1058
997
1014
965
Percent tested
61
59
44
54
72
74
80
32
49
What is R2 for the equation?
A. R2=0.793
B.B. R2= 0.429
C. C. R2=0.326
D. D. R2=0.357
4. Suppose the Acme Drug Company develops a new drug, designed to prevent colds. The company states that the drug is equally effective for men and women. To test this claim, they choose a simple random sample of 100 women and 200 men from a population of 100,000 volunteers. At the end of the study, 38% of the women caught a cold; and 51% of the men caught a cold. State the null and alternative hypothesis:
Answer
A. H0: p1 = p2 : HA: p1 = p2 :
B. H0: p1 < p2 HA: p1< p2 :
C. H0: p1 > p2 HA: p1> p2 :
D. H0: p1 ≠ p2 HA: p1= p2 :
5 An insurance company is reviewing its current policy rates. When originally setting the rates they believed that the average claim amount was $1,800. They are concerned that the true mean is actually higher than this, because they could potentially lose a lot of money. They randomly select 40 claims, and calculate a sample mean of $1,950. Assuming that the standard deviation of claims is $500, and set α = 0.05, test to see if the insurance company should be concerned. What do we interpret from the problem?
Answer
A. P value < α so we reject Ho
B. P value > α so we do not reject Ho
C. P value < α so we do not reject Ho
D. P value < α so we reject Ho
6 1. To achieve a significance level of α, if the p-value is less than (or equal to) α, then________________
Answer
A. accept the null hypothesis
B. do not reject the null hypothesis
C. reject the null hypothesis
D. accept the alternative hypothesis
7 1. Neuroscience researchers examined the impact of environment on rat development. Rats were.
Name________________________________
PSU ID_____________________________
STAT 100 Lesson 13 Assignment
Answer the following questions and submit for grading. Each question or part of a question is worth 1 point except: 1, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3E, 4E, 5D, & 6C are worth 2 points; 7- 7 is worth 6 points.
1.
An ESP experiment is done in which a participant guesses which of 8 cards the researcher has randomly picked, where each card is equally likely to be selected. This is repeated for 200 trials. The null hypothesis is that the subject is guessing, while the alternative is that the subject has ESP and can guess at higher than the chance rate. Write out the type 1 and type 2 errors in terms of this problem.
2.
For each of the following, write out the null and alternative hypotheses. Also identify what type of data is found. Refer to the information inTable 13.1.
a.
Do female students, on the average, have a higher GPA?
b.
Is there a linear relationship between height and weight?
c.
Is there a difference in the proportions of male and female college students who smoke?
3.
A Researcher asked a sample of 50 1st grade teachers and a sample of 50 12th grade teachers how much of their own money they spent on school supplies in the previous school year. The researcher wanted to see if the mean spending at one grade level is different from the mean spending at another grade level.
Two-sample T for 1st_Grade vs 12th_Grade
N Mean StDev SE Mean
1st_Grade 50 111.2 88.9 13
12th_Grade 50 49.5 38.8 5.5
Difference = mu 1st_Grade - mu 12th_Grade
Estimate for difference: 61.7
95% CI for difference: (34.3, 89.1)
T-Test of difference = 0 (vs not =): T-Value = 4.50 P-Value = 0.000 DF = 66
Figure A.1.
a.
What is the response variable in this problem?
b.
What is the explanatory variable in this problem?
c.
What type of variable is the response variable? categorical or measurement
d.
What is the appropriate population value for this problem? population mean or population proportion
e.
Write out the null and alternative hypotheses in terms of the appropriate population value.
f.
On the output in Figure A.1 the test statistic is 4.50. Use this test statistic to write a one-sentence interpretation of the p-value in terms of this problem.
g.
What conclusion can be made in terms of this problem? Why?
h.
Using the 95% confidence interval of the difference as your basis, do you think practical significance has been found with regard to the mean amount spent when comparing 1st grade teachers to 12th grade teachers? Include reasoning. Hint: Refer to Example 13.10.
4.
A survey asked 2000 people whether or not they frequently exceed the speed limit. The collected data is summarized in the following contingency table. The goal is to determine if there is a difference in the population proportion that say “yes” when comparing those who are under 40 years in age to those who are at least 40 years in age.
.
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Elementary Statistics Practice Test 4
Module 4:
Chapter 8, Hypothesis Testing
Chapter 9: Two Populations
My significant event was losing my father at an early age. So if y.docxrosemarybdodson23141
My significant event was losing my father at an early age. So if you are good at psychology describe how that can affect a young woman without a dad at an early age.
Assignment 1.1: Significant Event Draft
Due Week 4 Note: Students will turn in this assignment twice: first as a draft (Week 4 Assignment) and then as a final paper (Week 8 Assignment). Students will submit first draft of the assignment and then submit the final draft after receiving feedback from the professor and making the recommended changes. They will be graded separately for each submission of the assignment.
Select a significant event (either positive or negative) that occurred before you reached adulthood and that has had a life-shaping effect on your life. In this assignment, you will use what you’ve learned in Weeks 1 thru 4 of this course and base your paper on your readings, along with information from library research, to discuss psychological aspects of your event.
Write a two to three (2-3) page paper in which you:
1.Briefly describe your significant event (one to two [1-2] sentences).
2.Describe your event in terms of at least two (2) different perspectives in psychology (e.g., behavioral, cognitive, psychodynamic, cultural/social, etc.)
3.Determine what learning (e.g., classical, operant, etc.) may have resulted from your event, or arisen because of your event.
4.Discuss why the memory of the event you described may or may not be completely accurate.
5.Use at least two (2) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: One of these resources may be your textbook. Articles from professional journals are certainly a high quality resource. Magazine and newspaper articles are also accepted for this assignment. Articles published on the Internet may also be suitable, if they originate with credible persons or organizations. Please note that articles from Wikipedia, ask.com, and the like are not suitable.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
•Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
•Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
•Relate psychological concepts to real-world situations.
•Describe the major theories of learning, memory, cognition, consciousness, development, and social psychology.
•Use technology and information resources to research issues in psychology.
Part 1 of 16 -
Question 1 of 23
1.0 Points
A company operates four machines during three shifts each day. From production records, the data in the table below were collected. At the .05 level of significance test to determine if the number of breakdowns is independent of the sh.
Running head COURSE PROJECT NCLEX Memorial Hospital .docxsusanschei
Running head: COURSE PROJECT: NCLEX Memorial Hospital 1
COURSE PROJECT: NCLEX Memorial Hospital 10
Introduction
This project aims to facilitate the improvement of the quality of healthcare services provided to individuals, families and communities at various age levels. Hence, this project used NCLEX Memorial Hospital, where over the past few days there has been a high level of infectious diseases. The dataset collected is from 60 patients whose age range is 35 to 76.
Classification of Variables
The quantitative variable is age. The qualitative variable is infectious diseases. Age is also a continuous variable as it can take on any value. A variable is any quantity that can be measured and whose value varies through the population and here the level of measurement is age, which we shall label a nominal measurement as numbers are used to classify the data.
The Measures of Center and the Measures of Variation
Themeasures of center are some of the most important descriptive statistics one might extrapolate. It helps give us an idea of what the "most" common, normal, or representative answers might be. Essentially, by getting an average, what you are really doing is calculating the "middle" of any group of observations. There are three measures of center that are most often used: Mean, Median and Mode. (NEDARC)
While measures of central tendency are used to estimate "normal" values of a dataset, measures of variation/dispersion are important for describing the spread of the data, or its variation around a central value. Two distinct samples may have the same mean or median, but completely different levels of variability, or vice versa. A proper description of a set of data should include both of these characteristics. There are various methods that can be used to measure the dispersion of a dataset, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. (Climate Data Library)
The Measures of Center and the Measures of Variation Calculations
Column1
Mean
61.81667
Standard Error
1.152127
Median
61.5
Mode
69
Standard Deviation
8.924337
Sample Variance
79.64379
Midrange
58.5
Range
41
Conclusion
By looking at the dataset we find that patients after the age of 50 and most likely 60 to be the most affected by infection diseases. Hence, there should be a prevention plan in place to reduce the number of infected or most likely to be affected by various viruses.
Course Project Phase 2
Introduction
The data in the accompanying spreadsheet records the ages of sixty (60) patients at NCLEX Memorial Hospital who, upon admission, were found to be suffering from ...
Part 1 Please circle the correct answer.1. Which of t.docxherbertwilson5999
Part 1: Please circle the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is most sensitive to outliers?
a. interquartile range b.standard deviation. c. median
d. mode
2. James and George took a math exam. George’s percentile score on the exam was 80; James’s
percentile score was 40 on the same test. We know that
a) George correctly answered twice as many questions than James. b) They both scored better than 40 of their classmates.
c) George correctly answered more questions than James. d) James did not pass the test.
3. Find the mean and standard deviation for a binomial experiment where n 260,
p 0.675 .
a) 260 , b) 260 ,
7.55
57.04
c) 175.50 ,
7.55
d) 97.50 ,
e) 175.50 ,
13.25
9.19
4. If we were to create a box plot, which of the following statement(s) would be true?
A. The median would be located somewhere within the box.
B. The median value would be larger than the third quartile value (Q3) C. The median would always be centered in the middle of the box.
D. The median would indicate where the 50th percentile would be.
a) A and B
b) All of them. c) A and D
d) C and D.
e) None of them.
5. Which of these statements are false?
a. There is a strong linear relationship between gender and height because we found a correlation of .55.
b. Plant height and leaf height were found to be negatively correlated because the correlation coefficient is -1.41.
c. Since the correlation between X and Y is 0, this means there is no relationship whatsoever between these two variables.
d. All of the above.
e. None of the above.
6. Some methods may be used to make a confidence interval wider or narrower. Circle the two
methods that would decrease the width of a confidence interval for a mean, if all else stays the same.
a. Increase the sample size. b. decrease the sample size.
c. increase the level of confidence. d. decrease the level of confidence.
7. Two researchers are going to take a sample of data from the same population of physics students. Researcher A will select a random sample of students from among all students taking physics. Researcher B's sample will consist only of the students in her class. Both researchers will construct a 95% confidence interval for the mean score on the physics final exam using their own sample data. Which researcher's method has a 95% chance of capturing the true mean of the population of all students taking physics?
a. Both methods have a 95% chance of capturing the true mean b. Researcher A
c. Research B
d. Neither
8. A 98% confidence interval indicates that:
a. 98% of the intervals constructed using this process based on samples from this population will include the population mean
b. 98% of the time the interval will include the sample mean
c. 98% of the possible population means will be included by the interval
9. A one-tailed hypothesis test is performed using a 0.10 level of significance. .
Hypothesis Testing Definitions A statistical hypothesi.docxwilcockiris
Hypothesis Testing
Definitions:
A statistical hypothesis is a guess about a population parameter. The guess may or not be
true.
The null hypothesis, written H0, is a statistical hypothesis that states that there is no
difference between a parameter and a specific value, or that there is no difference between
two parameters.
The alternative hypothesis, written H1 or HA, is a statistical hypothesis that specifies a
specific difference between a parameter and a specific value, or that there is a difference
between two parameters.
Example 1:
A medical researcher is interested in finding out whether a new medication will have
undesirable side effects. She is particularly concerned with the pulse rate of patients who
take the medication. The research question is, will the pulse rate increase, decrease, or
remain the same after a patient takes the medication?
Since the researcher knows that the mean pulse rate for the population under study is 82
beats per minute, the hypotheses for this study are:
H0: µ = 82
HA: µ ≠ 82
The null hypothesis specifies that the mean will remain unchanged and the alternative
hypothesis states that it will be different. This test is called a two-tailed test since the
possible side effects could be to raise or lower the pulse rate. Notice that this is a non
directional hypothesis. The rejection region lies in both tails. We divide the alpha in two
and place half in each tail.
Example 2:
An entrepreneur invents an additive to increase the life of an automobile battery. If the
mean lifetime of the automobile battery is 36 months, then his hypotheses are:
H0: µ ≤ 36
HA: µ > 36
Here, the entrepreneur is only interested in increasing the lifetime of the batteries, so his
alternative hypothesis is that the mean is greater than 36 months. The null hypothesis is
that the mean is less than or equal to 36 months. This test is one-tailed since the interest
is only in an increased lifetime. Notice that the direction of the inequality in the alternate
hypothesis points to the right, same as the area of the curve that forms the rejection
region.
Example 3:
A landlord who wants to lower heating bills in a large apartment complex is considering
using a new type of insulation. If the current average of the monthly heating bills is $78,
his hypotheses about heating costs with the new insulation are:
H0: µ ≥ 78
HA: µ < 78
This test is also a one-tailed test since the landlord is interested only in lowering heating
costs. Notice that the direction of the inequality in the alternate hypothesis points to the
left, same as the area of the curve that forms the rejection region.
Study Design:
After stating the hypotheses, the researcher’s next step is to design the study. In designing
the study, the researcher selects an appropriate statistical test, chooses a level of
significance, and formulates a plan for conducting the study..
As a human resources manager, you need to advise top leadership (CEO.docxrossskuddershamus
As a human resources manager, you need to advise top leadership (CEO, Vice Presidents, and Senior Managers) information on the importance of leadership style in creating a culture that embraces diversity. Create a PowerPoint presentation to compare and contrast how the different styles of CEO leadership can affect team building, so that cultural diversity can be used to a competitive advantage in the workplace. Provide ideas for how to effectively build a team that supports and embraces cultural diversity, and recommend the leadership styles that encourages the creation of a culture of diversity.
Incorporate appropriate animations, transitions, and graphics as well as “speaker notes” for each slide. The speaker notes may be comprised of brief paragraphs or bulleted lists. Support your presentation with at least five (5) scholarly resources. In addition to these specified resources, other appropriate scholarly resources may be included. Be sure to include citations for quotations and paraphrases with references in APA format and style where appropriate.
Length: 12-15 slides (with a separate reference slide).
Notes Length: 100-150 words for each slide.
.
As a homeowner, you have become more concerned about the energy is.docxrossskuddershamus
As a homeowner, you have become more concerned about the energy issue facing our communities. You want to see your neighbors become more involved in energy conservation efforts, but your attempts to gain support on your own have failed. You have decided to propose an Energy Resource Plan to your HOA for approval at the next meeting. Your goal is to convince the HOA to support and endorse your Energy Resource Plan.
Review
the following Energy Resource Plan outline
:
·
Introduction
o
Provide information about why conserving energy is important.
·
Renewable versus nonrenewable
o
Briefly distinguish between these types of energy.
·
Methods to conserve and help the environment
o
What may each member do, personally, to conserve energy and help the environment at the same time?
o
Provide at least three methods.
·
Government efforts
o
How may the government be involved in conservation efforts?
·
Conclusion
o
Wrap up the meeting with a brief summary of your main points.
o
Provide some motivation for conserving energy with a memorable slogan, statement, or song, for example.
Write
a 350- to 700-word paper that includes all elements of the outline.
Post
your paper as an attachment.
.
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1.
The standard deviation of the diameter at breast height, or DBH, of the slash pine tree is less than one inch. Identify the Type I error. (Points : 1)
[removed] Fail to support the claim σ < 1 when σ < 1 is true.
[removed] Support the claim μ < 1 when μ = 1 is true.
[removed]
Support the claim σ < 1 when σ = 1 is true.
[removed] Fail to support the claim μ < 1 when μ < 1 is true.
1a. The EPA claims that fluoride in children's drinking water should be at a mean level of less than 1.2 ppm, or parts per million, to reduce the number of dental cavities. Identify the Type I error. (Points : 1)
[removed] Fail to support the claim σ < 1.2 when σ < 1.2 is true.
[removed] Support the claim μ < 1.2 when μ = 1.2 is true.
[removed] Support the claim σ < 1.2 when σ = 1.2 is true.
[removed] Fail to support the claim μ < 1.2 when μ < 1.2 is true.
2.
Biologists are investigating if their efforts to prevent erosion on the bank of a stream have been statistically significant. For this stream, a narrow channel width is a good indicator that erosion is not occurring. Test the claim that the mean width of ten locations within the stream is greater than 3.7 meters. Assume that a simple random sample has been taken, the population standard deviation is not known, and the population is normally distributed. Use the following sample data:
3.3 3.3 3.5 4.9 3.5 4.1 4.1 5 7.3 6.2
What is the P-value associated with your test statistic? Report your answer with three decimals, e.g., .987 (Points : 1)
2a. Medical researchers studying two therapies for treating patients infected with Hepatitis C found the following data. Assume a .05 significance level for testing the claim that the proportions are not equal. Also, assume the two simple random samples are independent and that the conditions np ≥ 5 and nq ≥ 5 are satisfied.
Therapy 1
Therapy 2
Number of patients
39
47
Eliminated Hepatitis
20
13
C infection
Construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the odds ratio of the odds for having Hepatitis C after Therapy 1 to the odds for having Hepatitis C after Therapy 2. Give your answer with two decimals, e.g., (12.34,56.78) (Points : 0.5)
[removed]
3. Researchers studying sleep loss followed the length of sleep, in hours, of 10 individuals with insomnia before and after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Assume a .05 significance level to test the claim that there is a difference between the length of sleep of individuals before and after CBT. Also, assume the data consist of matched pair ...
Check your solutions from the practice. Please be sure you f.docxspoonerneddy
Check your solutions from the practice. Please be sure you fully understand all
solutions before taking your exam.
1 . a. The type of study is observational with the variable of interest being the
age of the student.
2 . (41.1, 50.9)
3. a. 36 movies
b . 29 movies
c. 23 movies
d. About 230 minutes
4. Part a: Median 139,500 Mean: 163,125
Part b: Outlier 34,000 Median: 140,000 Mean: 182, 000
Part c: outlier 434,000 Median: 139,000 Mean: 124,428.57
5 . a. The goal is to determine how many teachers would choose a different
career if given the opportunity
b . All US teachers
c. Percentage of teachers who would choose a different career
d. 2150 teachers who were questioned
e . Raw data is teacher responses (yes no) to question if they would choose a
different career.
f. 60% of teachers who said they would choose a different career
g. 55%---65%
6. Red: (0.85,0.97)
Yellow: (0.86, 0.98)
Blue: (0.86,0.94)
7 . F ro m st at di sk
Source: DF: SS: MS: Test Stat, F: Critical F: P---Value:
Treatment: 2 0.00224 0.00112 0.505269 6.112108 0.612123
Error: 17 0.03769 0.002217
Total: 19 0.03993
Fail to Reject the Null Hypothesis
There is not sufficient evidence to reject equality of means
The p value 0.61
We have sufficient evidence to claim the mean of all colors is the same.
8. Expected probability of rolling a 2: 0.16
Actual results: 0.44
Difference 0.28, this is statistically significant
9 . Null hypothesis: The mean of all three players are the same
Alternative hypothesis: the mean of at least one player is different
The p value is 0.036
At this level we must reject Ho and conclude at least one mean is statistically
different.
1 0 . The minimum sample size is 365 students
1 1 . a. 58%
b . 74%
c. 82%
d . 7 8
1 2 . H0: p=0.095
a. Ha: P<---.095
b . P hat= 0.0920
c. Z=---0.33
d. No
Test results from stat disk are as follows:
Claim: p < p(hyp)
Sample proportion: 0.0920304
Test Statistic, z: ---0.3288
Critical z: ---1.6449
P---Value: 0.3712
90% Confidence interval:
0.0773847 < p < 0.106676
Fail to Reject the Null Hypothesis
Sample does not provide enough evidence to support the claim
1 3 . a. 2 standard deviations
b . 97.72%
1 4. FROM STAT DISK:
Descriptive Statistics
Column 3
Sample Size, n: 15
Mean:8.2
Median: 8
Midrange: 8.5
RM S : 8.306624
Variance, s^2: 1.885714
St Dev, s:1.373213
Mean Abs Dev: 1.066667
Range: 5
Coeff. Of Var. 16.75%
Minimum: 6
1 st Quartile: 7
2 nd Quartile: 8
3 rd Quartile: 9
Maximum: 11
Sum: 123
Sum Sq: 1035
c. The best estimate for the mean is 8.2 people
d. The 95% confidence interval is (from stat disk)
Margin of error, E = 0.7586815
95% Confident the population mean is within the range:
7. 44 1 3 1 9 < mean <8.958681
No this is not representative of the entire nation
1 5 . Type I error: reject the fact that males and females are equal in GPA when
that is in fact true
Type II error--- Conclude the GPA of males .
Suppose you are interested in selecting a group of six households Experience...pinck336896
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1. Suppose that in a large metropolitan area, 82% of all households have cable tv. Suppose you are interested in selecting a group of six households from this area. Let X be the number of
households in a group of six households from this area that have cable tv. For what proportion of
groups will at most three of the households have cable tv?
Int 150 The Moral Instinct”1. Most cultures agree that abus.docxmariuse18nolet
Int 150
“The Moral Instinct”
1. Most cultures agree that abusing innocent people is wrong. True or false
2. Young children have a sense of morality. True or false (example)?
3. Emotional reasoning trumps rationalizing. True or false (explain)
4. According to the article, psychopathy or moral misbehavior (like rape) is more environmental than genetic. True or false (example)
5. Explain the point about the British schoolteacher in Sudan.
6. Name three things anthropologists believe all people share, in addition to thinking it’s bad to harm others and good to help them.
a.
b.
c.
7. What is reciprocal altruism?
8. How does the psychologist Tetlock explain the outrage of American college students at the thought that adoption agencies should place children with couples willing to pay the most?
9. Discuss: A love for children and sense of justice is just an expression of our innate sense of preserving our genes for future generations (Darwin)
10. What does the author warn about the arguments regarding climate change?
Hypothesis Testing
(Statistical Significance)
1
Hypothesis Testing
Goal: Make statement(s) regarding unknown population parameter values based on sample data
Elements of a hypothesis test:
Null hypothesis - Statement regarding the value(s) of unknown parameter(s). Typically will imply no association between explanatory and response variables in our applications (will always contain an equality)
Alternative hypothesis - Statement contradictory to the null hypothesis (will always contain an inequality)
The level of significant (Alpha) is the maximum probability of committing a type I error. P(type I error)= alpha
Definitions
Rejection (alpha, α) Region:
Represents area under the curve that is used to reject the null hypothesis
Level of Confidence, 1 - alpha (a):
Also known as fail to reject (FTR) region
Represents area under the curve that is used to fail to reject the null hypothesis
FTR
H0
α/2
α/2
3
1 vs. 2 Sided Tests
Two-sided test
No a priori reason 1 group should have stronger effect
Used for most tests
Example
H0: μ1 = μ2
HA: μ1 ≠ μ2
One-sided test
Specific interest in only one direction
Not scientifically relevant/interesting if reverse situation true
Example
H0: μ1 ≤ μ2
HA: μ1 > μ2
4
Example: It is believed that the mean age of smokers in San Bernardino is 47. Researchers from LLU believe that the average age is different than 47.
Hypothesis
H0:μ = 47
HA: μ ≠ 47
μ = 47
α /2 = 0.025
Fail to Reject (FTR)
α /2 = 0.025
5
Three Approaches to Reject or Fail to Reject A Null Hypothesis:
1a. Confidence interval
Calculate the confidence interval
Decision Rule:
a. If the confidence interval (CI) includes the null, then the decision must be to fail to reject the H0.
b. If the confidence interval (CI) does not include the null, then the decision must be to reject the H0.
6
1b. Confidence interval to compare groups
Calculate the confidence interval for each gro.
InstructionDue Date 6 pm on October 28 (Wed)Part IProbability a.docxdirkrplav
InstructionDue Date: 6 pm on October 28 (Wed)
Part IProbability and Sampling Distributions1.Thinking about probability statements. Probability is measure of how likely an event is to occur. Match one of probabilities that follow with each statement of likelihood given (The probability is usually a more exact measure of likelihood than is the verbal statement.)Answer0 0.01 0.3 0.6 0.99 1(a) This event is impossible. It can never occur.(b) This event is certain. It will occur on every trial.(c) This event is very unlikely, but it will occur once in a while in a long sequence of trials.(d) This event will occur more often that not.2. Spill or Spell? Spell-checking software catches "nonword errors" that result in a string of letters that is not a word, as when "the" is typed as "the." When undergraduates are asked to write a 250-word essay (without spell-checking), the number X of nonword errors has the following distribution:Value of X01234Probability0.10.20.30.30.1(a) Check that this distribution satisfies the two requirements for a legitimate assignment of probabilities to individual outcomes.(b) Write the event "at least one nonword error" in term of X (for example, P(X >3)). What is the probability of this event?(c) Describe the event X ≤ 2 in words. What is its probability? 3. Discrete or continuous? For each exercise listed below, decide whether the random variable described is discrete or continuous and explains the sample space.(a) Choose a student in your class at random. Ask how much time that student spent studying during the past 24 hours.(b) In a test of a new package design, you drop a carton of a dozen eggs from a height of 1 foot and count the number of broken eggs.(c) A nutrition researcher feeds a new diet to a young male white rat. The response variable is the weight (in grams) that the rat gains in 8 weeks.4. Tossing Coins(a) The distribution of the count X of heads in a single coin toss will be as follows. Find the mean number of heads and the variance for a single coin toss.Number of Heads (Xi)01mean:Probability (Pi)0.50.5variance:(b) The distribution of the count X of heads in four tosses of a balanced coin was as follows but some missing probabilities. Fill in the blanks and then find the mean number of heads and the variance for the distribution with assumption that the tosses are independent of each other.Number of Heads (Xi)01234mean:Probability (Pi)0.06250.0625variance:(c) Show that the two results of the means (i.e. single toss and four tosses) are related by the addition rule for means. (d) Show that the two results of the variances (i.e. single toss and four tosses) are related by the addition rule for variances (note: It was assumed that the tosses are independent of each other). 5. Generating a sampling distribution. Let's illustrate the idea of a sampling distribution in the case of a very small sample from a very small .
1Suppose that the average song length in America is 4 minutes wit.docxeugeniadean34240
1 Suppose that the average song length in America is 4 minutes with a standard deviation of 1.25 minutes. It is known that song length is not normally distributed. Find the probability that a single randomly selected song from the population will be longer than 4.25 minutes. Round to the nearest thousandth.
Answer
A. 0.579
B. 0.079
C. 0.421
D. This probability cannot be determined because we do not know the distribution of the population.
2 An outcome of an experiment or study that is large enough to have a real effect on people’s health or lifestyle is said to have clinical significance.
Answer
True
False
3 Are average SAT scores higher in schools where a smaller percentage of graduating students take the test? To answer this question 10 schools are sampled and the average SAT and percentage of students taking the test were recorded. 2002 SAT results of regional high schools were sampled and the data is given below. Use that data to test if there is a relation between the proportion of seniors that take the test and the average SAT scores. At 95% confidence level.
2002 SAT results of a sample of Western North Carolina High Schools.
Mean SAT scores
1106
1040
1013
1066
1061
1075
1058
997
1014
965
Percent tested
61
59
44
54
72
74
80
32
49
What is R2 for the equation?
A. R2=0.793
B.B. R2= 0.429
C. C. R2=0.326
D. D. R2=0.357
4. Suppose the Acme Drug Company develops a new drug, designed to prevent colds. The company states that the drug is equally effective for men and women. To test this claim, they choose a simple random sample of 100 women and 200 men from a population of 100,000 volunteers. At the end of the study, 38% of the women caught a cold; and 51% of the men caught a cold. State the null and alternative hypothesis:
Answer
A. H0: p1 = p2 : HA: p1 = p2 :
B. H0: p1 < p2 HA: p1< p2 :
C. H0: p1 > p2 HA: p1> p2 :
D. H0: p1 ≠ p2 HA: p1= p2 :
5 An insurance company is reviewing its current policy rates. When originally setting the rates they believed that the average claim amount was $1,800. They are concerned that the true mean is actually higher than this, because they could potentially lose a lot of money. They randomly select 40 claims, and calculate a sample mean of $1,950. Assuming that the standard deviation of claims is $500, and set α = 0.05, test to see if the insurance company should be concerned. What do we interpret from the problem?
Answer
A. P value < α so we reject Ho
B. P value > α so we do not reject Ho
C. P value < α so we do not reject Ho
D. P value < α so we reject Ho
6 1. To achieve a significance level of α, if the p-value is less than (or equal to) α, then________________
Answer
A. accept the null hypothesis
B. do not reject the null hypothesis
C. reject the null hypothesis
D. accept the alternative hypothesis
7 1. Neuroscience researchers examined the impact of environment on rat development. Rats were.
Name________________________________
PSU ID_____________________________
STAT 100 Lesson 13 Assignment
Answer the following questions and submit for grading. Each question or part of a question is worth 1 point except: 1, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3E, 4E, 5D, & 6C are worth 2 points; 7- 7 is worth 6 points.
1.
An ESP experiment is done in which a participant guesses which of 8 cards the researcher has randomly picked, where each card is equally likely to be selected. This is repeated for 200 trials. The null hypothesis is that the subject is guessing, while the alternative is that the subject has ESP and can guess at higher than the chance rate. Write out the type 1 and type 2 errors in terms of this problem.
2.
For each of the following, write out the null and alternative hypotheses. Also identify what type of data is found. Refer to the information inTable 13.1.
a.
Do female students, on the average, have a higher GPA?
b.
Is there a linear relationship between height and weight?
c.
Is there a difference in the proportions of male and female college students who smoke?
3.
A Researcher asked a sample of 50 1st grade teachers and a sample of 50 12th grade teachers how much of their own money they spent on school supplies in the previous school year. The researcher wanted to see if the mean spending at one grade level is different from the mean spending at another grade level.
Two-sample T for 1st_Grade vs 12th_Grade
N Mean StDev SE Mean
1st_Grade 50 111.2 88.9 13
12th_Grade 50 49.5 38.8 5.5
Difference = mu 1st_Grade - mu 12th_Grade
Estimate for difference: 61.7
95% CI for difference: (34.3, 89.1)
T-Test of difference = 0 (vs not =): T-Value = 4.50 P-Value = 0.000 DF = 66
Figure A.1.
a.
What is the response variable in this problem?
b.
What is the explanatory variable in this problem?
c.
What type of variable is the response variable? categorical or measurement
d.
What is the appropriate population value for this problem? population mean or population proportion
e.
Write out the null and alternative hypotheses in terms of the appropriate population value.
f.
On the output in Figure A.1 the test statistic is 4.50. Use this test statistic to write a one-sentence interpretation of the p-value in terms of this problem.
g.
What conclusion can be made in terms of this problem? Why?
h.
Using the 95% confidence interval of the difference as your basis, do you think practical significance has been found with regard to the mean amount spent when comparing 1st grade teachers to 12th grade teachers? Include reasoning. Hint: Refer to Example 13.10.
4.
A survey asked 2000 people whether or not they frequently exceed the speed limit. The collected data is summarized in the following contingency table. The goal is to determine if there is a difference in the population proportion that say “yes” when comparing those who are under 40 years in age to those who are at least 40 years in age.
.
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Elementary Statistics Practice Test 4
Module 4:
Chapter 8, Hypothesis Testing
Chapter 9: Two Populations
My significant event was losing my father at an early age. So if y.docxrosemarybdodson23141
My significant event was losing my father at an early age. So if you are good at psychology describe how that can affect a young woman without a dad at an early age.
Assignment 1.1: Significant Event Draft
Due Week 4 Note: Students will turn in this assignment twice: first as a draft (Week 4 Assignment) and then as a final paper (Week 8 Assignment). Students will submit first draft of the assignment and then submit the final draft after receiving feedback from the professor and making the recommended changes. They will be graded separately for each submission of the assignment.
Select a significant event (either positive or negative) that occurred before you reached adulthood and that has had a life-shaping effect on your life. In this assignment, you will use what you’ve learned in Weeks 1 thru 4 of this course and base your paper on your readings, along with information from library research, to discuss psychological aspects of your event.
Write a two to three (2-3) page paper in which you:
1.Briefly describe your significant event (one to two [1-2] sentences).
2.Describe your event in terms of at least two (2) different perspectives in psychology (e.g., behavioral, cognitive, psychodynamic, cultural/social, etc.)
3.Determine what learning (e.g., classical, operant, etc.) may have resulted from your event, or arisen because of your event.
4.Discuss why the memory of the event you described may or may not be completely accurate.
5.Use at least two (2) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: One of these resources may be your textbook. Articles from professional journals are certainly a high quality resource. Magazine and newspaper articles are also accepted for this assignment. Articles published on the Internet may also be suitable, if they originate with credible persons or organizations. Please note that articles from Wikipedia, ask.com, and the like are not suitable.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
•Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
•Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
•Relate psychological concepts to real-world situations.
•Describe the major theories of learning, memory, cognition, consciousness, development, and social psychology.
•Use technology and information resources to research issues in psychology.
Part 1 of 16 -
Question 1 of 23
1.0 Points
A company operates four machines during three shifts each day. From production records, the data in the table below were collected. At the .05 level of significance test to determine if the number of breakdowns is independent of the sh.
Running head COURSE PROJECT NCLEX Memorial Hospital .docxsusanschei
Running head: COURSE PROJECT: NCLEX Memorial Hospital 1
COURSE PROJECT: NCLEX Memorial Hospital 10
Introduction
This project aims to facilitate the improvement of the quality of healthcare services provided to individuals, families and communities at various age levels. Hence, this project used NCLEX Memorial Hospital, where over the past few days there has been a high level of infectious diseases. The dataset collected is from 60 patients whose age range is 35 to 76.
Classification of Variables
The quantitative variable is age. The qualitative variable is infectious diseases. Age is also a continuous variable as it can take on any value. A variable is any quantity that can be measured and whose value varies through the population and here the level of measurement is age, which we shall label a nominal measurement as numbers are used to classify the data.
The Measures of Center and the Measures of Variation
Themeasures of center are some of the most important descriptive statistics one might extrapolate. It helps give us an idea of what the "most" common, normal, or representative answers might be. Essentially, by getting an average, what you are really doing is calculating the "middle" of any group of observations. There are three measures of center that are most often used: Mean, Median and Mode. (NEDARC)
While measures of central tendency are used to estimate "normal" values of a dataset, measures of variation/dispersion are important for describing the spread of the data, or its variation around a central value. Two distinct samples may have the same mean or median, but completely different levels of variability, or vice versa. A proper description of a set of data should include both of these characteristics. There are various methods that can be used to measure the dispersion of a dataset, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. (Climate Data Library)
The Measures of Center and the Measures of Variation Calculations
Column1
Mean
61.81667
Standard Error
1.152127
Median
61.5
Mode
69
Standard Deviation
8.924337
Sample Variance
79.64379
Midrange
58.5
Range
41
Conclusion
By looking at the dataset we find that patients after the age of 50 and most likely 60 to be the most affected by infection diseases. Hence, there should be a prevention plan in place to reduce the number of infected or most likely to be affected by various viruses.
Course Project Phase 2
Introduction
The data in the accompanying spreadsheet records the ages of sixty (60) patients at NCLEX Memorial Hospital who, upon admission, were found to be suffering from ...
Part 1 Please circle the correct answer.1. Which of t.docxherbertwilson5999
Part 1: Please circle the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is most sensitive to outliers?
a. interquartile range b.standard deviation. c. median
d. mode
2. James and George took a math exam. George’s percentile score on the exam was 80; James’s
percentile score was 40 on the same test. We know that
a) George correctly answered twice as many questions than James. b) They both scored better than 40 of their classmates.
c) George correctly answered more questions than James. d) James did not pass the test.
3. Find the mean and standard deviation for a binomial experiment where n 260,
p 0.675 .
a) 260 , b) 260 ,
7.55
57.04
c) 175.50 ,
7.55
d) 97.50 ,
e) 175.50 ,
13.25
9.19
4. If we were to create a box plot, which of the following statement(s) would be true?
A. The median would be located somewhere within the box.
B. The median value would be larger than the third quartile value (Q3) C. The median would always be centered in the middle of the box.
D. The median would indicate where the 50th percentile would be.
a) A and B
b) All of them. c) A and D
d) C and D.
e) None of them.
5. Which of these statements are false?
a. There is a strong linear relationship between gender and height because we found a correlation of .55.
b. Plant height and leaf height were found to be negatively correlated because the correlation coefficient is -1.41.
c. Since the correlation between X and Y is 0, this means there is no relationship whatsoever between these two variables.
d. All of the above.
e. None of the above.
6. Some methods may be used to make a confidence interval wider or narrower. Circle the two
methods that would decrease the width of a confidence interval for a mean, if all else stays the same.
a. Increase the sample size. b. decrease the sample size.
c. increase the level of confidence. d. decrease the level of confidence.
7. Two researchers are going to take a sample of data from the same population of physics students. Researcher A will select a random sample of students from among all students taking physics. Researcher B's sample will consist only of the students in her class. Both researchers will construct a 95% confidence interval for the mean score on the physics final exam using their own sample data. Which researcher's method has a 95% chance of capturing the true mean of the population of all students taking physics?
a. Both methods have a 95% chance of capturing the true mean b. Researcher A
c. Research B
d. Neither
8. A 98% confidence interval indicates that:
a. 98% of the intervals constructed using this process based on samples from this population will include the population mean
b. 98% of the time the interval will include the sample mean
c. 98% of the possible population means will be included by the interval
9. A one-tailed hypothesis test is performed using a 0.10 level of significance. .
Hypothesis Testing Definitions A statistical hypothesi.docxwilcockiris
Hypothesis Testing
Definitions:
A statistical hypothesis is a guess about a population parameter. The guess may or not be
true.
The null hypothesis, written H0, is a statistical hypothesis that states that there is no
difference between a parameter and a specific value, or that there is no difference between
two parameters.
The alternative hypothesis, written H1 or HA, is a statistical hypothesis that specifies a
specific difference between a parameter and a specific value, or that there is a difference
between two parameters.
Example 1:
A medical researcher is interested in finding out whether a new medication will have
undesirable side effects. She is particularly concerned with the pulse rate of patients who
take the medication. The research question is, will the pulse rate increase, decrease, or
remain the same after a patient takes the medication?
Since the researcher knows that the mean pulse rate for the population under study is 82
beats per minute, the hypotheses for this study are:
H0: µ = 82
HA: µ ≠ 82
The null hypothesis specifies that the mean will remain unchanged and the alternative
hypothesis states that it will be different. This test is called a two-tailed test since the
possible side effects could be to raise or lower the pulse rate. Notice that this is a non
directional hypothesis. The rejection region lies in both tails. We divide the alpha in two
and place half in each tail.
Example 2:
An entrepreneur invents an additive to increase the life of an automobile battery. If the
mean lifetime of the automobile battery is 36 months, then his hypotheses are:
H0: µ ≤ 36
HA: µ > 36
Here, the entrepreneur is only interested in increasing the lifetime of the batteries, so his
alternative hypothesis is that the mean is greater than 36 months. The null hypothesis is
that the mean is less than or equal to 36 months. This test is one-tailed since the interest
is only in an increased lifetime. Notice that the direction of the inequality in the alternate
hypothesis points to the right, same as the area of the curve that forms the rejection
region.
Example 3:
A landlord who wants to lower heating bills in a large apartment complex is considering
using a new type of insulation. If the current average of the monthly heating bills is $78,
his hypotheses about heating costs with the new insulation are:
H0: µ ≥ 78
HA: µ < 78
This test is also a one-tailed test since the landlord is interested only in lowering heating
costs. Notice that the direction of the inequality in the alternate hypothesis points to the
left, same as the area of the curve that forms the rejection region.
Study Design:
After stating the hypotheses, the researcher’s next step is to design the study. In designing
the study, the researcher selects an appropriate statistical test, chooses a level of
significance, and formulates a plan for conducting the study..
As a human resources manager, you need to advise top leadership (CEO.docxrossskuddershamus
As a human resources manager, you need to advise top leadership (CEO, Vice Presidents, and Senior Managers) information on the importance of leadership style in creating a culture that embraces diversity. Create a PowerPoint presentation to compare and contrast how the different styles of CEO leadership can affect team building, so that cultural diversity can be used to a competitive advantage in the workplace. Provide ideas for how to effectively build a team that supports and embraces cultural diversity, and recommend the leadership styles that encourages the creation of a culture of diversity.
Incorporate appropriate animations, transitions, and graphics as well as “speaker notes” for each slide. The speaker notes may be comprised of brief paragraphs or bulleted lists. Support your presentation with at least five (5) scholarly resources. In addition to these specified resources, other appropriate scholarly resources may be included. Be sure to include citations for quotations and paraphrases with references in APA format and style where appropriate.
Length: 12-15 slides (with a separate reference slide).
Notes Length: 100-150 words for each slide.
.
As a homeowner, you have become more concerned about the energy is.docxrossskuddershamus
As a homeowner, you have become more concerned about the energy issue facing our communities. You want to see your neighbors become more involved in energy conservation efforts, but your attempts to gain support on your own have failed. You have decided to propose an Energy Resource Plan to your HOA for approval at the next meeting. Your goal is to convince the HOA to support and endorse your Energy Resource Plan.
Review
the following Energy Resource Plan outline
:
·
Introduction
o
Provide information about why conserving energy is important.
·
Renewable versus nonrenewable
o
Briefly distinguish between these types of energy.
·
Methods to conserve and help the environment
o
What may each member do, personally, to conserve energy and help the environment at the same time?
o
Provide at least three methods.
·
Government efforts
o
How may the government be involved in conservation efforts?
·
Conclusion
o
Wrap up the meeting with a brief summary of your main points.
o
Provide some motivation for conserving energy with a memorable slogan, statement, or song, for example.
Write
a 350- to 700-word paper that includes all elements of the outline.
Post
your paper as an attachment.
.
As a healthcare professional, you will be working closely with o.docxrossskuddershamus
As a healthcare professional, you will be working closely with other health care professionals. The best way to create a positive patient experience is to be able to understand the role that each healthcare professional plays in the care of a patient. For this assignment, select two of the following allied health professions (physician, dentist, pharmacist, nurses, advance practice nurse, or health services administrator) and take a deeper look into their specific functions and contributions to health care.
In a paper of 750-1,000 words please discuss the following:
What is their function/medical training?
In what type of setting can each profession be found traditionally? Is this changing today?
Discuss how the expanding roles of allied health in health care delivery have affected each profession.
How has the health care workforce shortage affected each profession?
Provide a minimum of two references.
.
As a future teacher exposed to the rising trend of blogs and adv.docxrossskuddershamus
As a future teacher exposed to the rising trend of blogs and advocacy pages on the Internet, it is important to identify credible, scholarly resources as the basis of best practices in the classroom.
To sample what information is available, locate one source (NAEYC, First Things First, Zero to Three, etc.) to support developmentally appropriate practices that you can share with families. For your selected source:
Describe how the resource can be used to support your selected issue.
Include a description of why that source would benefit your future classroom.
Describe what types of information is available at that source.
Use APA format to cite resources.
.
As a fresh research intern, you are a part of the hypothetical.docxrossskuddershamus
As a fresh research intern, you are a part of the hypothetical National Anthrax Eradication Program. Your first task is to present a detailed summary on this lethal disease.
Using the the Internet, research, acquire, compile the primary data and respond to the following:
What organism produces this disease and how?
What are the four different locations where an anthrax infection can occur? Describe each of these locations. What are the reasons why these locations allow the infection to occur?
What are the different scientific methods that have been tried, tested, and implemented towards Anthrax prevention and cure in the past decade?
Why is Anthrax such a potent weapon of bioterrorism? What are its characteristics that make it so?
.
As a fresh research intern, you are a part of the hypothetical Nat.docxrossskuddershamus
As a fresh research intern, you are a part of the hypothetical National Anthrax Eradication Program. Your first task is to present a detailed summary of this lethal disease.
Using
the Internet, research, acquire, compile the primary data, and respond to the following:
1. What organism produces this disease and how?
2. What are the four different locations where an anthrax infection can occur? Describe each of these locations. What are the reasons why these locations allow the infection to occur?
3.What are the different scientific methods that have been tried, tested, and implemented towards Anthrax prevention and cure in the past decade?
4.Why is Anthrax such a potent weapon of bioterrorism? What are the characteristics that make it so?
cite your sources in your work and provide references for the citations in APA format.
.
As a former emergency department Registered Nurse for over seven.docxrossskuddershamus
As a former emergency department Registered Nurse for over seven years, I recall the most significant complaints were our long wait times. For some patients, the wait time could be substantial. Since emergency departments aren't on a first-come, first-serve basis, wait times were often unpredictable and lengthy. Patients are triaged based on their level of acuity. Long Emergency Department (ED) Length of stay (EDLOS) is associated with poor patient outcomes, which has led to the implementation of time targets designed to keep EDLOS below a specific limit. (Andersson et al., 2020, p. 2)
The method conducted for the concept analysis on EDLOS was the Walker and Avant approach. They were able to research a way of measuring the concept empirically by identifying all concepts used. (Andersson et al., 2020) Nurses can use the Walker and Avant approach when there are limited concepts available to a nurse to explain a problem area. The process of concept analysis for nurses first transpired in 1986. (McEwen & Wills, 2019) Walker and Avant specifically designed an approach to concept analysis to help graduate nurses explain methods to examine phenomena that interests them. (McEwen & Wills, 2019) The basic concept analysis approach by Walker and Avant is as follows; 1. Select a concept 2. Determine the aims or purposes of the analysis. 3. Identify all the concept possible uses possible. 4. Determine the defining attributes. 5. Identify the model case. 6. Identify any borderline, related contrary, invent, and illegitimate cases. 7. Identify the antecedents and consequences. 8. Define the empirical referents. (McEwen & Wills, 2019, Tables 3-2)
Authors Aim and Purpose
As a former Emergency Department Nurse, I find it fascinating how the author chose to do the concept analysis on this topic. According to the author, when patients are forced to stay for extended lengths of time in the emergency department, this leads to poor patient outcomes, overcrowding, and an overall inefficient organization. (Andersson et al., 2020) I recall when a febrile child was left in the Emergency Department for a long time. The child became so agitated their respiratory status worsened. The authors aim to clarify the meaning of long EDLOS and identify the root causes of an emergency department length of stay of more than six hours. (Andersson et al., 2020)
Defining Attributes on the Concept Examined
In the emergency department, length of stay (LOS) is a widely used measurement. Emergency department length of stay (EDLOS) is defined as the time interval between a patient's arrival to the ED to the time the patient physically leaves the ED. The defining attributes discovered that waiting in a crowded emergency department was just that, waiting. Waiting was the most acknowledged attribute associated with EDLOS. (Andersson et al., 2020) If the patients didn't have to wait, they wouldn't be a problem/complaint and had no time targets.
Another attrib.
As a doctorally prepared nurse, you are writing a Continuous Qua.docxrossskuddershamus
As a doctorally prepared nurse, you are writing a Continuous Quality Improvement project plan on
Reducing readmission/hospitalization rates for patients with Heart Failure
;
1.
Describe how the Quality program is measured, data is collected, monitored, and analyzed.
2.
Determine performance measures, and develop indicators to measure performance, core measures, etc.
3.
Discuss a data collection plan including data collection methods such as chart review, etc. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) policies must be followed.
4.
Consider following structure, process, outcomes, and patients’ experience measures. You must use nationally recognized and standardized measures if possible. See the
HCQA Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS) measures
a tool which lists inpatient and ambulatory performance measures in health care.
Document this assignment in 6 pages document and include 5 References.
.
As a consumer of information, do you generally look for objectivity .docxrossskuddershamus
As a consumer of information, do you generally look for objectivity in news reporting or do you also want opinions? Why?
During the past election, did you follow a political story or candidate on the Internet? Did you follow similar stories on candidates through television or in your local paper? What were are differences between Internet reporting and television and newspaper reporting? From your observations, what do you think are the general effects of the Internet on politics?
200 words
.
As a center of intellectual life and learning, Timbuktua. had ver.docxrossskuddershamus
As a center of intellectual life and learning, Timbuktu
a. had very little intellectual life.
b. was a major point of congregation, bringing together knowledge from around the Muslim world. Correct
c. grew to be strong in spite of opposition from Malian kings.
d. was second only to Mogadishu in the number of universities.
.
ary AssignmentCertified medical administrative assistants (CMAAs) .docxrossskuddershamus
ary Assignment
Certified medical administrative assistants (CMAAs) need to be aware of the many medical options that are available in their community.
For this assignment, develop a document that contains the community resources for breast cancer patients.
Discuss the steps that will be taken to gather and present the information.
Include a procedure to update the information on a regular basis.
.
As (or after) you read The Declaration of Independence, identify.docxrossskuddershamus
As (or after) you read
The Declaration of Independence
, identify three examples of each of the three elements in Aristotle's Triad: ethos, pathos, and logos. That means you need to provide a total of
nine
examples in the form of direct quotes from
The Declaration of Independence. Also, be sure to clearly label which element (ethos, pathos, or logos)
.
ARTWORK Markus Linnenbrink HOWTOSURVIVE, 2012, epoxy resin .docxrossskuddershamus
ARTWORK Markus Linnenbrink
HOWTOSURVIVE, 2012, epoxy resin
on wood, 13" x 17"
Spotlight
64 Harvard Business Review July–August 2014
SPOTLIGHT ON THE NEW MARKETING ORGANIZATION
Aditya Joshi is a partner at
Bain & Company, a leader in
the Customer Strategy and
Marketing practice, and the
head of the firm’s Marketing
Excellence area.
Eduardo Giménez is a
partner at Bain and a
member of the firm’s
Consumer Goods practice
in Europe, with a focus on
marketing organizations.
Decision-Driven
Marketing
Good decision processes break down silos
and improve performance. by Aditya Joshi
and Eduardo Giménez
Marketers have always had to build brands, create demand, promote sales, and help their companies earn custom-ers’ loyalty. But today’s turbulent environment means they must play critical new roles: They must be strate-gists, allocating scarce resources to support company priorities and increasing return on investment. They must be technologists, tracking and capitalizing on the most useful of the sophisticated technologies that are flooding their field. And they must be scientists, because the future of their business may not look much like the
HBR.ORG
July–August 2014 Harvard Business Review 65
requires a new mind-set for all the parties concerned
and a shared commitment to rethinking how deci-
sions are made and work is done. To be sure, some
companies will find that they need to consider orga-
nizational changes as well. But the decision perspec-
tive helps them establish a firmer foundation for any
restructuring and drives progress in the interim.
Typically, three categories of marketing-related
decisions cross organizational seams:
Strategy and planning decisions involve aligning
marketing goals with business and customer strat-
egies and aligning the priorities of marketing and
sales. These decisions typically address questions
such as:
• On which customer segments and product lines
should we focus marketing support?
• What is the optimal level of spending, and what
is the right allocation among vehicles and channels?
• What is the testing and learning plan?
Execution decisions, the marketer’s traditional
purview, are more challenging than they used to
be. A proliferation of marketing vehicles and digital
technologies has vastly increased the complexity of
creating and delivering messages and offers in an en-
vironment where ever-faster execution and relent-
less budget pressure are the norm. These decisions
include issues such as:
• Which product features should we highlight in
our marketing efforts?
• What incentives should we give customers to
get them to try or buy our offerings?
• What is the right mix of traditional and digital
marketing vehicles?
Operations and infrastructure decisions cover
all the new capabilities that are increasingly impor-
tant to marketing’s success. They address questions
such as:
• How will new marketing technologies and tools
be evaluated, boug.
arugumentative essay on article given belowIn Parents Keep Chil.docxrossskuddershamus
arugumentative essay on article given below
In “Parents Keep Child’s Gender Secret”, Jayme Poisson writes an article about the true story of a Canadian couple raising their child without ever revealing the child’s gender (keeping it secret from anyone not in their immediate family). This has incited many strong reactions from readers and locals alike. Poisson’s piece allows us to form our own opinions about this subject and forces us to examine why we consider gender so important to the development of a child.
Kenji Yoshino writes about the term covering. ‘Covering’, as Yoshino uses it, means to ‘tone down a disfavored identity to fit into the mainstream’ (552), and Yoshino argues that though Americans value the idea of the melting pot as a model for our culture, that ideal can have unintended negative consequences. Despite our avowed appreciation for multiculturalism, the unstated public expectation is still for people of all genders, sexual orientations and races to conform to rigid expectations.
Prompt:
Yoshino discusses the pressures we face to “cover”. Apply this concept and cross-reference Poisson’s piece and the decision Storm’s parents have made to keep their child’s gender a secret. In what ways is it a strategy to resist covering? Is it an effective one? Is some measure of covering necessary in our society? Make an argument about how cultural expectations and individual (or parental) choices should affect or does affect gender identity.
Essay Guidelines:
Quote the assigned readings to support your answer. Do not do additional research. Be sure to demonstrate your comprehension of the pieces by quoting and discussing relevant passages to support your thesis. Essays that draw support solely upon personal experience will not receive a passing grade. Additionally, make sure that you are not merely summarizing the readings
.
artsArticleCircling Round Vitruvius, Linear Perspectiv.docxrossskuddershamus
arts
Article
Circling Round Vitruvius, Linear Perspective, and the
Design of Roman Wall Painting
Jocelyn Penny Small †
Department of Art History, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; [email protected]
† Mail: 890 West End Avenue, Apartment 4C, New York, NY 10025-3520, USA.
Received: 1 April 2019; Accepted: 2 September 2019; Published: 14 September 2019
����������
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Abstract: Many scholars believe that linear perspective existed in classical antiquity, but a fresh
examination of two key texts in Vitruvius shows that 1.2.2 is about modularity and symmetria,
while 7.Pr.11 describes shading (skiagraphia). Moreover, these new interpretations are firmly based on
the classical understanding of optics and the history of painting (e.g., Pliny the Elder). A third text
(Philostratus, Imagines 1.4.2) suggests that the design of Roman wall painting depends on concentric
circles. Philostratus’ system is then used to successfully make facsimiles of five walls, representing
Styles II, III, and IV of Roman wall painting. Hence, linear perspective and its relatives, such as
Panofsky’s vanishing vertical axis, should not be imposed retrospectively where they never existed.
Keywords: linear perspective; skenographia; skiagraphia; Greek and Roman painting; Roman fresco;
Vitruvius; Philostratus
Two systems for designing Pompeian wall paintings have dominated modern scholarship: a
one- or center-point perspective and a vanishing vertical axis.1 Neither method works for all the
variations seen on the walls of Styles II–IV. The vanishing vertical axis is considered a precursor of
linear perspective, whereas center-point construction is a form of linear perspective. Many scholars
believe that linear perspective was invented by the Greeks, only to be forgotten during the Middle
Ages and “reinvented” in the Renaissance.2 In contrast, I propose that linear perspective was not
known in any form in antiquity but, rather, was an invention of the Renaissance, which also created its
putative ancient pedigree.
1. Background
1.1. Definitions
First, it is important to define four key terms.
“Perspective” applies loosely to a wide range of systems that convert a three-dimensional scene
to two dimensions. Most scholars, however, mean “linear perspective” when they use the unqualified
term “perspective”. No standard definition exists for linear perspective, but only linear perspective
obeys the rules of projective geometry. Formal definitions refer to “station points” (the point or
place for the “eye” of the “viewer” and/or “artist”), vanishing points, horizon lines, and picture
planes, among other aspects. Horizontal lines converge to the “center point” or, in the case of
1 This topic is remarkably complex with a massive bibliography. Small (2013) provides a reasonable summary of the
scholarship to its date of publication. Since then, I have realized that the standard interpretations of key texts and objects
needs to be totally rethought. This artic.
ARTS & NATURE MARKETING PROJECT OF SHEFFIELDYang yux.docxrossskuddershamus
ARTS & NATURE
MARKETING PROJECT OF SHEFFIELD
Yang yuxuan(b8047004) Li zedong(b8035381)
Hu xujia(b8047009) Yan Qihan(b8047013) Liang yaoztu(b8047027)
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ibaotu.com
1
Microsoft Office 用户 (Office) -
Our company is a professional marketing agency with a lot successful experience in different marketing area. The company was found in 1998 and since then we are always be the first choice of many big company.
About our company
Company
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ibaotu.com
Our company is a professional marketing agency with a lot of successful experience in different marketing area. The company was founded in 1998 and since then we are always the first choice of many big companies.
2
Control & budget of objects.
Baker
The design of the marketing objects
William
The idea of the hook
Jason
Collection of data and information
Frank
The design of the marketing objects
Allen
01
02
03
04
05
Members
Thanks these members for their contributions
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ibaotu.com
There are 5 people in our team: Baker, he is responsible for the control & budget of our objects. Frank, he is responsible for the collection of data and information that we can use. William and Allen are responsible for the design of the marketing objects. And then Jason, he is responsible for the idea of the “hook” .
3
Introduction
Situation Analysis
Marketing Communication Objectives
Marketing Communication Strategy
CONTENTS
Marketing Communication Tactics
Action
Control
Reference
2
1
3
7
5
8
4
6
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for this presentation, we will introduce our awesome ideas to make Sheffield a more popular place. Here is the content, we will talk about the situation of Sheffield, marketing communication objectives, marketing communication steategy and tactics. And the last part is action and control.
4
02
Situation Analysis
This part will complete situation analysis of Sheffield.
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5
W
T
O
S
Lesser culture connotation
WEAKNESSES
1. Development of economy
2. Change in ideology of society
OPPORTUNITIES
Strong tourism competitors around Sheffield, for example Nottingham and Leeds
THREATS
1. Good geographic position.
2. Strong art atmosphere
STRENGTHES
SWOT
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In this part I will complete Situation Analysis of Sheffield by mainly using SWOT analysi
6
As a tourism city, one recent survey placed Sheffield 26th in a table of the best UK tourist city.
Tourism City
Sheffield lies in the most southerly part of Yorkshire, it is the meeting point of .
A
R
TI
G
O
O
R
IG
IN
A
L
Revista Científica da Ordem dos Médicos www.actamedicaportuguesa.com 31
RESUMO
Introdução: A violência no local de trabalho é um dos principais fatores de risco no mundo do trabalho. Os trabalhadores da saúde
apresentam um risco superior. O nosso estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a violência física e verbal num hospital público e definir
estratégias de prevenção e vigilância em saúde ocupacional.
Material e Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal monocêntrico, conduzido num hospital público em Lisboa com trabalhadores
da saúde. Foi realizado um inquérito qualitativo com entrevistas em profundidade a seis trabalhadores e um inquérito quantitativo
com questionários a 32 trabalhadores. Aceitou-se um nível de significância de 5% na avaliação das diferenças estatísticas. O teste de
Mann-Whitney e o teste exato de Fisher foram usados para calcular os valores de p.
Resultados: Os principais resultados são: (1) 41 episódios reportados na fase quantitativa; (2) 5/21 [23,81%] vítimas notificaram o in-
cidente; (3) 18/21 [85.71%] vítimas reportaram estados de hipervigilância permanente; (4) 22/28 [78,57%] participantes não conheciam
ou conheciam mal os procedimentos de notificação; (5) 24/28 [85,71%] consideravam possível minimizar o problema.
Discussão: A violência é favorecida pelo acesso livre às zonas de trabalho, ausência de agentes de segurança e polícia ou falta da
respetiva intervenção. A baixa notificação contribui para a ausência de medidas organizacionais. O estado de hipervigilância relatado
reflete o efeito prejudicial da exposição a fontes de stress e ameaça.
Conclusão: A violência no local de trabalho é um fator de risco relevante, com impacto negativo na saúde dos trabalhadores e merece
uma abordagem individualizada no âmbito da saúde ocupacional, cujas áreas e estratégias prioritárias foram definidas neste estudo.
Palavras-chave: Fatores de Risco Profissionais; Prevenção; Saúde Ocupacional; Trabalhadores da Saúde; Violência no Local de
Trabalho
Workplace Violence in Healthcare: A Single-Center Study
on Causes, Consequences and Prevention Strategies
A Violência no Local de Trabalho em Instituições
de Saúde: Um Estudo Monocêntrico sobre Causas,
Consequências e Estratégias de Prevenção
1. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Universidade NOVA de Lisboa. Lisboa. Portugal.
2. Emergency Department. Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando da Fonseca. Amadora. Portugal.
3. CISP - Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública. CHRC - Comprehensive Health Research Center. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Universidade NOVA de Lisboa. Lisboa.
Portugal.
4. Occupational Health Department. Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central. Lisboa. Portugal.
Autor correspondente: Helena Sofia Antão. [email protected]
Recebido: 22 de outubro de 2018 - Aceite: 10 de julho de 2019 | Cop.
Artist Analysis Project – Due Week 61)Powerpoint project at le.docxrossskuddershamus
Artist Analysis Project – Due Week 6
1)
Powerpoint project at least 10 slides.
2)
3 or more cited references from journals, magazines, newspapers, not all websites, not Wikipedia
3)
An analysis is a scholarly review of a famous artist and his or her work, not just whether we liked it or not.
4)
Use vocabulary and terms you learned in this class and apply them to your art choice.
5)
Try focusing your topic on one aspect of the art, i.e.
a.
Pick an artist/movie director/dancer/singer/novelist/actor etc. and research that person. Read reviews and critiques of their work, read or watch biographies (YouTube), you might choose to compare two of their works, or compare and contract two artists in the same field, learn about the art technique and why it is used, what it represents, what it tells us about our humanity, etc.
I need this back by 3:00 p.m. today and will check copyscape.
.
Artist Research Paper RequirementsYou are to write a 3 page double.docxrossskuddershamus
Artist Research Paper Requirements
You are to write a 3 page double spaced paper in 12 point font using Microsoft word.
You are to choose 3 digital artists who’s work is available to view on the internet.
Do not use any of the old masters like Picasso, Rembrandt, etc….. this needs to be a modern artist working in the digital arts and design field.
At least one of the artists must be from a country other than the United States.
You are to cover the following areas for each artist:
Biography who they are and where they studied,
Things that influenced their work and inspired them,
The artists philosophy on their work,
Artistic genres, or movements that their work fits into or is associated with.
You are to write about their work – provide url links to images of their work on line. Write about what you see in their work, how it impacts and influences your own design artistic ideas.
Write about the composition, color, scale, and other aesthetics of their art.
.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Approximately 20 of 1000 fish in a pond are affected with a skin .docx
1. Approximately 20% of 1000 fish in a pond are affected with a
skin disease. A random sample of 20 fish are selected. What is
the mean of the sampling distribution for the proportion of your
sample that is infected? What is the standard deviation of the
sampling distribution for the proportion of your sample that is
infected?
Chapter 4, Section 3, Exercise 075
Match the p-values with the appropriate conclusion:
(a) The evidence against the null hypothesis is significant, but
only at the 10% level.
(b) The evidence against the null and in favor of the alternative
is very strong.
(c) There is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis,
even at the 10% level.
(d) The result is significant at a 5% level but not at a 1% level.
Chapter 4, Section 3, Exercise 082
Sleep or Caffeine for Memory?
The consumption of caffeine to benefit alertness is a common
activity practiced by 90% of adults in North America. Often
caffeine is used in order to replace the need for sleep. One
2. recent study1 compares students' ability to recall memorized
information after either the consumption of caffeine or a brief
sleep. A random sample of 35 adults (between the ages of 18-39
) were randomly divided into three groups and verbally given a
list of 24 words to memorize. During a break, one of the groups
takes a nap for an hour and a half, another group is kept awake
and then given a caffeine pill an hour prior to testing, and the
third group is given a placebo. The response variable of interest
is the number of words participants are able to recall following
the break. The summary statistics for the three groups are in the
table below. We are interested in testing whether there is
evidence of a difference in average recall ability between any
two of the treatments. Thus we have three possible tests
between different pairs of groups: Sleep vs Caffeine, Sleep vs
Placebo, and Caffeine vs Placebo.
Group
Sample size
Mean
Standard Deviation
Sleep
12
15.25
3.3
Caffeine
12
12.25
3.5
Placebo
11
13.70
3.0
1 Mednick, Cai, Kanady, and Drummond, "Comparing the
benefits of caffeine, naps and placebo on verbal, motor and
perceptual memory", Behavioural Brain Research, 193 (2008),
3. 79-86.
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(a) In the test comparing the sleep group to the caffeine group,
the p-value is 0.003.
What is the conclusion of the test?
H0.
In the sample , which group had better recall ability?
According to the test results, do you think sleep is really better
than caffeine for recall ability?
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4. (b) In the test comparing the sleep group to the placebo group,
the p-value is 0.06.
What is the conclusion of the test, using a 5% significance
level?
H0.
What is the conclusion of the test, if we use a 10% significance
level?
H0.
How strong is the evidence of a difference in mean recall ability
between these two treatments?
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5. (c) In the test comparing the caffeine group to the placebo
group, the p-value is 0.22.
What is the conclusion of the test?
H0.
In the sample , which group had better recall ability?
According to the test results, would we be justified in
concluding that caffeine impairs recall ability?
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(d) According to this study, what should you do before an exam
6. that asks you to recall information?
Take a nap.
Have a placebo.
Have some coffee.
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Chapter 4, Section 4, Exercise 128
Arsenic in Chicken
A restaurant chain is measuring the levels of arsenic in chicken
from its suppliers. The question is whether there is evidence
that the mean level of arsenic is greater than 80 ppb, so we are
testing H0: =80 vs Ha: >80, where represents the average level
of arsenic in all chicken from a certain supplier. It takes money
and time to test for arsenic so samples are often small. Suppose
n=6 chickens from one supplier are tested, and the level of
arsenic (in ppb) are
63,71,82,92,93,139.
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(a) What is the sample mean for the data?
Round your answer to the nearest integer.
x=
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the tolerance is +/-2%
8. (b) Translate the original sample data by the appropriate amount
to create a new data set in which the null hypothesis is true.
How do the sample size and standard deviation of this new data
set compare to the sample size and standard deviation of the
original data set?
They are different.
The sample size is the same but the standard deviation is
different.
The standard deviation is the same but the sample size is
different.
They are the same.
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(c) Write the six new data values from part (b) on six cards.
9. Sample from these cards with replacement to generate one
randomization sample. (Select a card at random, record the
value, put it back, select another at random, until you have a
sample size of 6 , to match the original sample size.) Give the
sample mean.
x=
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the tolerance is +/-2%
Chapter 4, Section 5, Exercise 149
Hypotheses for a statistical test are given, followed by several
possible confidence intervals for different samples. In each
case, use the confidence interval to state a conclusion of the test
for that sample, and give the significance level used. In
addition, in each case for which the results are significant, state
which group (1 or 2) has the larger mean.
Hypotheses: H0: 1=2 vs Ha:1≠2
(a) 95% confidence interval for : 1-2: 0.16 to 0.58
Conclusion: H0
Significance level:
Group with the larger mean:
(b) 99% confidence interval for 1-2: -2.5 to 5.5
10. Conclusion: H0
Significance level:
Group with the larger mean:
(c) 90% confidence interval for 1-2: -10.8 to -3.3
Conclusion: H0
Significance level:
Group with the larger mean:
Chapter 4, Section 5, Exercise 156
Are you "In a Relationship"?
A new study1 shows that relationship status on Facebook
matters to couples. The study included 58college-age
heterosexual couples who had been in a relationship for an
average of 19 months. In 45 of the 58 couples, both partners
reported being in a relationship on Facebook. In 31 of the 58
couples, both partners showed their dating partner in their
Facebook profile picture. Men were somewhat more likely to
include their partner in the picture than vice versa. However,
the study states: "Females' indication that they are in a
relationship was not as important to their male partners
compared with how females felt about male partners indicating
they are in a relationship." Using a population of college-age
heterosexual couples who have been in a relationhip for an
average of 19 months:
(a) A 95% confidence interval for the proportion with both
partners reporting being in a relationship on Facebook is about
0.66 to 0.88. What is the conclusion in a hypothesis test to see
if the proportion is different from 0.5? What significance level
is being used?
11. Conclusion: H0
Significance level:
(b) A 95% confidence interval for the proportion with both
partners showing their dating partner in their Facebook profile
picture is about 0.40 to 0.66 . What is the conclusion in a
hypothesis test to see if the proportion is different from 0.5?
What significance level is being used?
Conclusion: H0
Significance level:
1 Roan, Shari, "The true meaning of Facebook's 'in a
relationship'", Los Angeles Times, February 23, 2012, reporting
on a study in Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social
Networking.
Chapter 5, Section 1, Exercise 013
Find the specified areas for a normal density.
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12. (a) The area below 77 on a N(75,10) distribution
Round your answer to three decimal places.
area=
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the tolerance is +/-2%
(b) The area above 26 on a N(20,6) distribution
Round your answer to three decimal places.
area
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the tolerance is +/-2%
13. (c) The area between 11 and 14 on a N(12.2, 1.6) distribution
Round your answer to three decimal places.
area=
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the tolerance is +/-2%
Chapter 5, Section 1, Exercise 020
Find endpoint(s) on the given normal density curve with the
given property.
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14. (a) The area to the left of the endpoint on a N(5,4) curve is
about 0.10.
Round your answer to two decimal places.
endpoint
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the tolerance is +/-2%
(b) The area to the right of the endpoint on a N(500,24) curve is
about 0.05.
Round your answer to the nearest integer.
endpoint=
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15. the tolerance is +/-2%
Chapter 5, Section 1, Exercise 028
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Choose the graph for the middle 80% for a standard normal
distribution.
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Choose the graph for the the middle 80% for a standard normal
distribution converted to a N(100,15) distribution.
17. Chapter 5, Section 1, Exercise 031
Random Samples of College Degree Proportions
The distribution of sample proportions of US adults with a
college degree for random samples of size n=500 is
N(0.275,0.02). How often will such samples have a proportion,
p, that is more than 0.300?
Round your answer to one decimal place.
% of samples of 500 US adults will contain more
than 30.0% with at least a bachelor’s degree.
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the absolute tolerance is +/-0.1
Chapter 5, Section 1, Exercise 040
Curving Grades on an Exam
A statistics instructor designed an exam so that the grades
would be roughly normally distributed with mean =75 and
standard deviation δ=11. Unfortunately, a fire alarm with ten
minutes to go in the exam made it difficult for some students to
finish. When the instructor graded the exams, he found they
were roughly normally distributed, but the mean grade was 60
and the standard deviation was 18. To be fair, he decides to
‘‘curve” the scores to match the desired N(75,11) distribution.
18. To do this, he standardizes the actual scores to z-scores using
the N(60,18) distribution and then ‘‘unstandardizes” those z-
scores to shift to N(75,11).
What is the new grade assigned for a student whose original
score was 45?
Round your answer to the nearest integer.
new score=
How about a student who originally scores an 87?
Round your answer to the nearest integer.
new score
Chapter 5, Section 2, Exercise 044
Find the indicated confidence interval. Assume the standard
error comes from a bootstrap distribution that is approximately
normally distributed.
A 95% confidence interval for a proportion p if the sample has
n=200 with p=0.34, and the standard error is SE=0.03
Round your answers to three decimal places.
The 95% confidence interval is to .
Chapter 5, Section 2, Exercise 046
Find the indicated confidence interval. Assume the standard
error comes from a bootstrap distribution that is approximately
normally distributed.
A 90% confidence interval for a mean if the sample has n=80
with x=22.9 and s=5.8, and the standard error is SE=0.65
19. Round your answers to three decimal places.
The 90% confidence interval is to .
Chapter 5, Section 2, Exercise 059
Where Is the Best Seat on the Plane?
A survey of 1000 air travelers1 found that 60% prefer a window
seat. The sample size is large enough to use the normal
distribution, and a bootstrap distribution shows that the
standard error is SE=0.015.
Use a normal distribution to find a 90% confidence interval for
the proportion of air travelers who prefer a window seat.
Round your answers to three decimal places.
The 90% confidence interval is to .
1Willingham, A., ‘‘And the best seat on a plane is... 6A!,”
HLNtv.com, April 25, 2012.
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Chapter 5, Section 2, Exercise 061
20. Smoke-Free Legislation and Asthma
Hospital admissions for asthma in children younger than 15
years was studied1 in Scotland both before and after
comprehensive smoke-free legislation was passed in March
2006. Monthly records were kept of the annualized percent
change in asthma admissions, both before and after the
legislation was passed. For the sample studied, before the
legislation, admissions for asthma were increasing at a mean
rate of 5.2% per year. The standard error for this estimate is
0.7% per year. After the legislation, admissions were decreasing
at a mean rate of 18.2% per year, with a standard error for this
mean of 1.79%. In both cases, the sample size is large enough to
use a normal distribution.
1Mackay, D., et. al., ‘‘Smoke-free Legislation and
Hospitalizations for Childhood Asthma,” The New England
Journal of Medicine, September 16, 2010; 363(12):1139-45.
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(a) Find a 95% confidence interval for the mean annual percent
rate of change in childhood asthma hospital admissions in
21. Scotland before the smoke-free legislation.
Round your answers to one decimal place.
The 95% confidence interval is to .
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(b) Find a 95% confidence interval for the same quantity after
the legislation.
Round your answers to one decimal place.
The 95% confidence interval is to .
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22. (c) Is this an experiment or an observational study?
Experiment
Observational study
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(d) The evidence is quite compelling. Can we conclude cause
and effect?
Yes
23. No
Chapter 5, Section 2, Exercise 064
Penalty Shots in World Cup Soccer
A study1 of 138 penalty shots in World Cup Finals games
between 1982 and 1994 found that the goalkeeper correctly
guessed the direction of the kick only 41% of the time. The
article notes that this is ‘‘slightly worse than random chance.”
We use these data as a sample of all World Cup penalty shots
ever. Test at a 5% significance level to see whether there is
evidence that the percent guessed correctly is less than 50%.
The sample size is large enough to use the normal distribution.
The standard error from a randomization distribution under the
null hypothesis is SE=0.043.
1St.John, A., ‘‘Physics of a World Cup Penalty-Kick Shootout -
2010 World Cup Penalty Kicks,” Popular Mechanics, June 14,
2010.
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24. State the null and alternative hypotheses.
What is the test statistic?
Round your answer to two decimal places.
z=
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the tolerance is +/-2%
What is the p-value?
Round your answer to three decimal places.
p-value=
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25. the tolerance is +/-2%
What is the conclusion?
Reject H0 and find evidence that the proportion guessed
correctly is not less than half.
Reject H0 and find evidence that the proportion guessed
correctly is less than half.
Do not reject H0 and do not find evidence that the proportion
guessed correctly is less than half.
Do not reject H0and find evidence that the proportion guessed
correctly is less than half.
Chapter 5, Section 2, Exercise 065
How Often Do You Use Cash?
26. In a survey1 of 1000 American adults conducted in April 2012,
43% reported having gone through an entire week without
paying for anything in cash. Test to see if this sample provides
evidence that the proportion of all American adults going a
week without paying cash is greater than 40%. Use the fact that
a randomization distribution is approximately normally
distributed with a standard error of SE=0.016. Show all details
of the test and use a 5% significance level.
1‘‘43% Have Gone Through a Week Without Paying Cash,”
Rasmussen Reports, April 11, 2011.
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State the null and alternative hypotheses.
What is the test statistic?
Round your answer to two decimal places.
z=
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the tolerance is +/-2%
What is the p-value?
Round your answer to two decimal places.
p-value=
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the tolerance is +/-2%
28. What is the conclusion?
Do not reject H0 and find evidence that the proportion is greater
than 40%.
Do not reject H0 and do not find evidence that the proportion is
greater than 40%.
Reject H0 and find evidence that the proportion is not greater
than 40%.
Reject H0 and find evidence that the proportion is greater than
40%.
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