Appativar maat

1
AmnÎmrda _mV - BJS Mr gmW
AmnÎmrda _mV - ~r.Oo.Eg. Mr gmW
gm¡. gamo{OZr MìhmU

2
AmnÎmrda _mV - ~r.Oo.Eg. Mr gmW
gm¡. gamo{OZr MìhmU
gd© h¸$ gwa{jV
g§`moOZ : S>m°. lram_ JrV
àH$meH$
em§{Vbmb _wÏWm
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm (~r.Oo.Eg.)
8 dm _Obm, _wÏWm M|~g© 2, goZmnVr ~mnQ> _mJ©,
nwUo - 411 016
_wÐH$
à^mV qàQ>g©
427 JwbQ>oH$S>r, nwUo - 411 037
_wIn¥ï>
qMVm_Ur hg~Zrg
àW_ Amd¥Îmr
5 _o 2012
qH$_V : ê$. 100/-

3
An©Un{ÌH$mAn©Un{ÌH$mAn©Un{ÌH$mAn©Un{ÌH$mAn©Un{ÌH$m
AkmZm§Y:H$mam_YyZ kmZê$nr àH$memH$S>o,
_¥Ë`wê$nr j{UH$ËdmnmgyZ ídmídVVÎdmH$S>o,
Xþd¥©ËVrnmgyZ gX²d¥ËVrH$S>o,
KoD$Z OmUmè`m
g§doXZerb, ñd`§ào[aV
dmQ>Mmbrbm............
gÝ_mZnyd©H$ An©U.

5
AZwH«$_{UH$mAZwH«$_{UH$mAZwH«$_{UH$mAZwH«$_{UH$mAZwH«$_{UH$m
1. ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm :
g_mOH$m`m©Vrb AJ«Ur g§ñWm ....................8
2. AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZ:
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`© .....................14
3. bmVyaMm YS>m:
AmnËVr {Z`moOZmMr nm`m^aUr ................21
4. dmKmobr àH$ën C^maVmZm .......................35
5. _oiKmQ>Mo Hw$nmofUmbm gm_moao OmVmZm .........51
6. nwÝhm ^yH§$n : JwOamVMr hmH$....................62
7. ËgwZm_rMo Vm§S>d: Vm{_iZmSy>, ..................77
8. ^yH§$n d Q>moH$mMo hdm_mZ :
Oå_y-H$mí_raMo AZw^d .........................99
9. _m§T>aXodr XþK©Q>Zm ................................110
10. nyamMo W¡_mZ: _hmamï´> d {~hmaMo YS>o
AmH$S>odmarVyZ ...................................113
11. g§doXZerbVoZo AmnËVrbm gm_moaoOmVmZm ..120
12. Cng§hma.........................................135

6
bo{IHo$Mo _ZmoJVbo{IHo$Mo _ZmoJVbo{IHo$Mo _ZmoJVbo{IHo$Mo _ZmoJVbo{IHo$Mo _ZmoJV
AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZmg§X^m©V {b{hÊ`m~m~VMm àñVmd
Ooìhm _mÂ`mg_moa Ambm, Voìhm EH$ jUâ {dMma M_H$bm
H$s,AmnËVr,AmnËVr{ZdmaUdmAmnËVrì`dñWmnZ`mg§X^m©V
Va _mÂ`mH$S>o ~aoM AkmZM Amho. nU ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m
_w»`mb`mV, AÜ`j em§VrbmbOt g_doV Ooìhm {_Q>tJ Pmbr,
Ë`m§À`m AmnËVrg§X^m©Vrb H$m`m©Mm AmdmH$m nmhÿZ _Z AM§{~V
Pmbo Am{U OgOgo AmnËVrg§X^m©Vrb ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo
XoeâmV Ho$bobo H$m`© Aä`mgy bmJbo, VgVem _mÂ`mVrb
Om{Udm§À`m H$jm é§XmdV Joë`m.
g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`m©Vrb {Z`moOZnÕVr, ~maH$mB©Zo Ho$bobm
KQ>ZoMm Aä`mg, doimnÌH$, H$mQ>oH$moa d {eñV~ÕarVrZo Ho$bobr
H$m_m§Mr {d^mJUr, A§_b~OmdUr _r Aä`mgV Jobo. àËòH$
{R>H$mUr KS>boë`m KQ>Zoer {ZJS>rV g§X^© Am{U ^maVr` O¡Z
g§KQ>ZoZo Ho$boë`m H$m`m©Mr AmIUr ~maH$mB©Zo g_OyZ KoVbr.
`m gd© KQ>Zm§_Üò, AmnËVrXaå`mZ ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo
Ho$boë`m H$m`m©Mr Jw§$U nwñVH$ê$nmZo ~m§YÊ`mg KoVbr, Voìhm
OmUdV Jobo H$s, ho ZwgVoM H$m`© Zmhr Va g§doXZerb _ZmZo
BVam§À`m ^mdZm§Mm, n[apñWVrMm {dMma H$ê$Z, Ë`m
n[apñWVrbm Amnbo _mZyZ, n[apñWVrVyZ _mJ© H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r
Ho$boboAWH$,A{daVà`ËZhmoV.ñd`§ñy$V©àoaUoVyZ{Z{_©bobm
hþ§H$ma Xþgè`m§À`m doXZm§da, Xþ:Imda w§$H$a KmbÊ`mgmR>r
H${Q>~Õ hmoD$Z à`ËZaV AgVmo.
ñd`§godr g§ñWm AZoH$ AgVmV, nU ^maVr` O¡Z
g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`© ho `m gdmªnojm doJio Amho. g§doXZm, ^mdZm Am{U
AZw^dm§Mo AZmoIo {_lU `m H$m`m©VyZ àVrV hmoVo. `m{edm`
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`m©Vrb _bm ^mdbobr gdmªV

7
_hÎdmMr Jmoï> åhUOo à{gÕrnam‹S>_wI amhÿZ àË`j H¥$Vrda
{Xbobm â.
`m n[al_m§Zm, AWH$ à`ËZm§Zm eãX~ÕarË`m EH${ÌV
H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ `m nwñVH$mÛmao _r H$arV Amho. AmVmn`ªVÀ`m
_mÂ`m boIZmnojm doJù`m àH$maMo boIZ H$am`bm {_imë`mMo
g_mYmZ {ZpíMVM Amho, `m{edm` ^maVr` O¡Z
g§KQ>Zogma»`m ZmdmOboë`m ñd`§godr g§ñWoÀ`m H$m`m©{df`r
{b{hÊ`mMo ^m½` _bm {_imbo, `mMmhr Iyn AmZ§X Amho.
_ZwîÒrdZm_ÜòAmH$pñ_VnUoCX²^dUmè`mAmnËVt_wio
AgoOmUdboH$s,B©ídamMoA_`m©{XVÎddË`mMoA_mngm_Ï`©,
VgoMñdV:À`mBÀN>oà_mUo{Z{_©VrAm{U{dZmeH$aÊ`mMrË`mMr
eŠVr, {dídmMo AZm{XËd d AZ§VËd ho gmao Amnë`mbm _mÝ`
H$amdobmJVo.nU`mgdmªVg_mOm{df`rg§doXZerbVoZoH$m`©aV
amhÊ`mVMemœVÎdA§V^y©VAmho.g_mO{df`H$H$_m©MmCJ_
ì`pŠVJVJwUY_mªnmgyZhmoVmo.g_mOmMrAm{Ugmè`mOJVmMr
gwpñWVr H$m`_ amIÊ`mgmR>r àËòH$ ì`ŠVr d Ë`mMr H¥$Vr `m
Jmoï>r AË`§V _hÎdnyU© AmhoV Ago Agë`mMo H$maU _bm dmQ>Vo
H$s, A{Ib {díd hr B©ídamMr {Z{_©Vr AgyZ _mZdàmUr hr
Ë`mMr {H$_`m Amho. godm^mdr A§V:H$aUmZo _mZdmMr Ho$bobr
godm, hr Iè`m AWm©Zo B©ídagodmM hmo`!
- gm¡. gamo{OZr MìhmU- gm¡. gamo{OZr MìhmU- gm¡. gamo{OZr MìhmU- gm¡. gamo{OZr MìhmU- gm¡. gamo{OZr MìhmU

8
1. ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm :1. ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm :1. ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm :1. ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm :1. ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm :
g_mOH$m`m©Vrb AJ«Ur g§ñWmg_mOH$m`m©Vrb AJ«Ur g§ñWmg_mOH$m`m©Vrb AJ«Ur g§ñWmg_mOH$m`m©Vrb AJ«Ur g§ñWmg_mOH$m`m©Vrb AJ«Ur g§ñWm
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm hr EH$ ñd`§godr g§ñWm Amho. drg
EH$ dfmªhÿZ A{YH$ H$mi AmnËVr {ZdmaU d ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m
joÌmV hr g§KQ>Zm H$m`©aV Amho. ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`©
$mo$mdboVo~rS>_YyZ.`mg§KQ>ZoMog§ñWmnH$AÜ`jdgd}gdm©
lr. em§VrbmbOr _wWm, _yiMo ~rS>Mo. Amnë`m embo`,
_hm{dXçmb`rZ OrdZmnmgyZM Vo gm_m{OH$ H$m`m©V gh^mJr
AmhoV.gZ1985_ÜòË`m§Zr“A{Ib_hmamï´>rÒ¡Zg§KQ>Zm’’
ZmdmMr g§ñWm gwê$ Ho$br. Ë`mÛmao Vo “dYy-da g§å_obZ’’,
gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohim, hþ§S>m~§Xr, ßbmpñQ>H$ gO©ar H±$n,
`m§gmaIo CnH«$_ am~{dV. Ë`mVyZ Ë`m§Mr g_mOH$m`m©{df`rMr
Vi_i, OmUrd d gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s gdmªZm n[a{MV hmoVrM.
Ë`m§Mo H$m`© Ho$di O¡Z g_mOmnwaVo qH$dm O¡Z~m§Ydm§nwaVo _`m©{XV
H$YrM ZìhVo qH$dm bm^mWuhr Ho$di O¡ZY_u` ZìhVo. g§nyU©
^maVmV O¡Z g_mO 0.4% Amho. H$mí_ra Vo H$Ý`mHw$_mar
gJirH$S>o O¡Z g_mO {dIwabobm Amho. J§_VrZo åhQ>bo OmVo
H$s, “Ohm± Zm nhþ±Mo ~¡bJmS>r, dhm± nhþ±Mo _madmS>r&’’ àËòH$ amÁ`,

9
{OëhçmV O¡Z g_mO Amnë`m ì`dgm`mÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ
pñWamdbobm Amho.
O¡Z g_mO EH$ AqhgmdmXr g_mO Amho. H$éUm Am{U
ào_ ho `m g_mOmMo à_wI d¡{eï>ç Amho. ^JdmZ _hmdra `m§Zm
AqhgoMo àVrH$ _mZbo OmVo. H$éUm, ào_ hr Ë`m§Mr {eH$dU
Amho.
hOmamo O¡Z gmYwg§V Ë`m§Mr hr {eH$dU ñdV: AmË_gmV
H$ê$Z BVam§n`ªV nmohmoM{dÊ`mgmR>r _¡bmoZ²_¡b nX`mÌm H$aVmV,
nm`r {$aVmV. ì`dgm`, ì`mnma `m joÌm§_Üò H$m`©aV AgUmao
gdm©V OmñV O¡Z bmoH$ AmhoV. XoeâmV Hw$R>ohr, H$moUË`mhr
àH$maMr AmnËVr Ambr Var {VMo {ZdmaU H$aÊ`mgmR>r,
AmnËVrJ«ñVm§Zm _XV H$aÊ`mgmR>r, ghH$m`m©gmR>r gdmªV nwT>o
H$moU AgVrb Va Vo O¡Z~m§Yd! g§nyU© ^maVmV O¡Z g_mOmÀ`m
2500 e¡j{UH$ g§ñWm AmhoV. Iyn bmoH$ ñdV:À`m n¡emZo
g_mOH$m`m©Mr C^maUr H$aVmV. `m g§nyU© g_mOH$m`m©bm EH$
{Xem, EH${ÌVnUm {Z_m©U H$aUo em§VrbmbOtZm Amdí`H$
dmQ>bo. O¡Z ~m§Ydm§À`m `m g§nyU© g_mOH$m`m©_Üò, n¡emÀ`m
{Z`moOZm_Üò EH$gyÌrnUm, {Z`moOZ~Õ AmamIS>m d EH$N>Ìr
H$m`©^ma AgÊ`mMr JaO em§VrbmbOtZm dmQ>br. Ë`m_wio
1993 _Üò em§VrbmbOtZr `m g§KQ>ZoMo Zm_H$aU ^maVr`
O¡Z g§KQ>Zm” Ago Ho$bo. d AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m H$m`m©V,
e¡j{UH$, gm_m{OH$ H$m`m©V {Xbr OmUmar _XV, Ho$bo OmUmao
H$m`© EH$m ì`mgnrR>mda EH${ÌV Ho$bo, Vo åhUVmV, “If the
purpose is right, the means will follow.”
Ë`mà_mUo ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªMo Omio
Xoeâ ngabobo Amho. H$moUVrhr AmnËVr Pmbr Var XmoZ-VrZ

10
Vmgm§Vgmhmæ`moOZoMmAmamIS>mR>adbmOmVmo,BVHo$VoEH$_oH$m§À`m
g§nH$m©VAgVmV.
rV_{gZnmWñd`ì
rV_{gZnmWñd`ì m`»§gUJ
rV_{g`r>´ïma 02
rV_{g`Áma 67
rV_{gJm^d{ 882
rV_{gmhëO{ 789
rV_{gahe 8921
}V$H©`m$H omamOh
amï´>r` g{_Vr
o$S>aoeZ Am°$
O¡Z EÁ`Ho$eZb
BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ>
ì`dñWmnZ g{_Vr
gm_m{OH$ H$m`©
amÁ` g{_Vr
{d^mJ g{_Vr
{Oëhm g{_Vr
eha g{_Vr
amï´>r` g{_Vr
amÁ` g{_Vr
H$m`_ñdê$nr
à~§Y g{_Vr
qnnar emim
à~§Y g{_Vr
dmKmobr e¡j{UH$
d nwZd©gZ àH$ën
à~§Y g{_Vr

11
^maVrÒ¡Zg§KQ>ZoMoH$m`©Z¡g{J©H$d_mZd{Z{_©VAemXmoÝhr
àH$maÀ`mAmnËVrì`dñWmnZm_ÜòAmho.6{S>g|~a1992amoOr
CËVaàXoe_Üò ~m~ar _{eXrMm nmS>md H$aÊ`mV Ambm d g§nyU©
Xoeâ _mZd{Z{_©V AmnËVrMm àg§J AmoT>mdbm.
em§Vr`mÌoMo Am`moOZ :em§Vr`mÌoMo Am`moOZ :em§Vr`mÌoMo Am`moOZ :em§Vr`mÌoMo Am`moOZ :em§Vr`mÌoMo Am`moOZ :
am_OÝ_^y_r dmX d Ë`mZ§Va ~m~ar _{eXrMm nmS>md `m XmoÝhr
Jmoï>t_wio g§nyU© Xoeâ VUmdnyU© pñWVr {Z_m©U Pmbr. OmVr`
X§Jbr d Ominmoi `m_wio gd©gm_mÝ`m§Mo OrdZ {dñH$irV Pmbo.
g§doXZerb ^mJm§_Üò H$â`y© bmdÊ`mV Ambm Va
A{Vg§doXZerb ^mJmV {XgVmjUr Jmoù`m KmbÊ`mMo AmXoe
XoÊ`mV Ambo.
Aem g§nyU© VUmdnyU© pñWVr_Üò Xoe AgVmZm, ^maVr`
O¡Zg§KQ>ZoMoAÜ`jlr.em§Vrbmb_wWm`m§Zrem§VVmamIÊ`mMo
d g§`_ ~miJÊ`mMo AmO©d Ho$bo. Aqhgm d H$éUm `m O¡Z
~m§Ydm§À`m _w»` {eH$dUrbm AZwgê$Z Ë`m§Zr “em§Vr`mÌoMo”
Am`moOZ Ho$bo. {S>g|~a 1992 Vo o$~«wdmar 1993 n`ªV ^maVr`
O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr nwUo Vo ZmJnya Xaå`mZ em§Vr`mÌoMo
Am`moOZ Ho$bo.
`m{Z{_ËVmZo ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo {d{dY Y_u`,
àm§Vr` ZoË`m§Zm, H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm EH$Ì AmUbo. e§H$amMm`© d
AmMm`© gw{ebOr _wZr `m§Mr ôQ> ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo KS>dyZ
AmUbr. Ë`mM~amo~a _m¡bmZm dmhr~wÔrZ ImZgm~, ñdm_r
{MXmZ§XOr, nX²_{d^yfU JmoqdX^mB© lm°$, Ý`m`_yVu M§ÐeoIa
Y_m©{YH$mar, g_mOgodH$ AÊUm hOmao, `m§gmaIo gd© à{V{ð>V
_mÝ`da XoIrb em§Vr`mÌoV gh^mJr Pmbo hmoVo. em§Vr`mÌo_wio
gm_m{OH$ d gm¡hmXm©Mo dmVmdaU {Z_m©U hmoÊ`mg, VUmdnyU©
dmVmdaU {ZdiÊ`mg {ZpíMVM _XV Pmbr.

12
o$S>aoeZ Am°$ O¡Z EÁ`wHo$eZb BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ>g² (o$S>aoeZ Am°$ O¡Z EÁ`wHo$eZb BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ>g² (o$S>aoeZ Am°$ O¡Z EÁ`wHo$eZb BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ>g² (o$S>aoeZ Am°$ O¡Z EÁ`wHo$eZb BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ>g² (o$S>aoeZ Am°$ O¡Z EÁ`wHo$eZb BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ>g² (FJEI) :) :) :) :) :
FJEI ho ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÛmao g§M{bV e¡j{UH$
g§emoYZ g§ñWm Amho. ^maVâ Odinmg 2500 e¡j{UH$
g§ñWm§Mo Omio ngabobo Amho. {ejU joÌm_Üò Am_ybmJ« ~Xb,
H«$m§Vr `m _mÜ`_mVyZ KS>dyZ AmUbr OmV Amho.
EH§$XarVM, ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`© ho gm_m{OH$,
e¡j{UH$ d AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m joÌmV {dñVmabobo Amho.
^maVr` O¡Z g§§KQ>Zm hr AamOH$s`, ñd`§godr g§ñWm Amho. Zm
Z$m VÎdmda hr g§KQ>Zm gm_m{OH$ joÌmV ârd H$m_{Jar
nma nmS>V Amho. gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh, Amamo½`, {ejU, AmnËVr
ì`dñWmnZ `m§_Üò Ë`m§Zr Ho$bobo H$m`© VimJmimn`ªV nmohmoMbo
Amho. `m_Üò H$moUË`mhr àH$maMr à{gÕr qH$dm $m`Xm
{_i{dÊ`mMm Vgyâhr à`ËZ hmoV Zmhr, ho `m g§KQ>ZoÀ`m
H$m`m©Mo à_wI d¡{eï>ç Amho.
1992 nmgyZ ^maVm_Üò ^yH§$n, ËgwZm_rgma»`m
AmnËVr _moR>çm à_mUmda Amë`m. nU ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m
H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr d em§VrbmbOtZr A{Ve` YramoXmËV, {Zü`r,
XÿaXeu d {Z`moOZ~ÕarË`m `m g§H$Q>m§Mm gm_Zm Ho$bm. H$mhr
doim KoVbobo {ZU©` MwH$VmhoV H$m` Aerhr n[apñWVr `m`Mr,
CXm. bmVyahÿZ 1200 _wbm§Zm nwÊ`mbm AmUÊ`mMm {ZU©`.
Aemdoir IimiË`m g_wÐmV CM§~iUmè`m bmQ>m§à_mUo
em§VrbmbOtMo _Zhr H$mhr H$mi Ii~iyZ CR>V Ago. nU
jUâM!
nU ñdrH$mabobo H$m`© VS>rg Ý`m`Mo hr _ZmVrb D$_u
Z¡amí`mMo gd© _i^ Xÿa H$arV Ago. hrM àoaUm, hrM D$_u,
hmM gH$mamË_H$ {dMma, AmemdmX g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`© nwT>o ZoV Amho.
gd©gm_mÝ`m§À`mhr OrdZmVrb Z¡amí`mMo _i^, A§YmamMo

13
gm_«mÁ` Xÿa H$ê$Z àH$me_` M¡VÝ` {Z_m©U H$arV Amho.
em§VrbmbOr A{daVnUo H$m`©aV AmhoV Am{U åhUyZM
gm_m{OH$, e¡j{UH$, AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZ joÌmVrb ^maVr`
O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMr H$m_{Jar gdmªgmR>r àoaUmXm`r R>aV Amho!
em§VrbmbOtÀ`m àoaUoZo {Z_m©U Pmbobr hr g§ñWm
g_mOH$m`m©Vrb EH$ Zm_m§{H$V, AJ«Ur g§ñWm åhUyZ JUbr
OmVo.

14
2. AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZ:2. AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZ:2. AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZ:2. AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZ:2. AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZ:
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`©^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`©^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`©^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`©^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`©
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm EH$ ñd`§godr g§ñWm Amho. 1993 À`m
bmVya ^yH§$nmZ§Va ^maVmV ~è`mM {R>H$mUr ^yH§$npñWVr,
ËgwZm_rAemàg§Jm§Mmgm_ZmH$amdmbmJbm.Ë`mVàm_w»`mZo
O~bnya ^yH§$n, JwOamV ^yH§$n, _hmamï´>mVrb nya n[apñWVr,
V{_iZmSy> d A§X_mZ {ZH$mo~ma_Yrb ËgwZm_r, {~hma_Yrb
nyapñWVr, Oå_y-H$mí_ra_Yrb ^yH§$n `m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo.
`m gd© AmnËVrJ«ñV {R>H$mUr ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo gd©Vmonar
gmhmæ` Ho$bo, ârd H$m`© Ho$bo.
em§VrbmbOtMo AmnËVràVr Ago _V Amho H$s, “g§nyU© {dídmV
AmnËVtMo à_mU dmT>V Amho. {ZgJ©MH«$ ~XbV Amho. `m
{ZgJm©À`m {dnarVVoda H$moUmMmhr A§Hw$e Zmhr. H$Yr, Hw$R>o,
H$em àH$maÀ`m AmnËVtMm Aä`mg, gm_Zm H$aÊ`mMr V`mar
Amnë`mH$S>o AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho.’’
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo ^yH§$nmMm gyú_ Aä`mg Ho$bm.
^yJ^m©Vrb hmbMmbt_wio ^yH§$nmMr {Z{_©Vr hmoVo. ^yH§$n VrZ
àH$maMo AgVmV- Q>oŠQ>m°{ZH²$, ìhmoëH°${ZH$ Amm{U EŠñbmoOZ
Vgo Va ^yJ^m©_Üò gmVË`mZo H$mhr Zm H$mhr hmbMmb gwê$
AgVo. nU ^yH§$nbhar ^yn¥ð>mbm ôQy>Z OmV AgVrb Va
^yn¥ð>mda _moR>çm à_mUmda ZwH$gmZ hmoVo.

15
^maVmV AmVmn`ªV Pmbobo _w»` ^yH§$n :^maVmV AmVmn`ªV Pmbobo _w»` ^yH§$n :^maVmV AmVmn`ªV Pmbobo _w»` ^yH§$n :^maVmV AmVmn`ªV Pmbobo _w»` ^yH§$n :^maVmV AmVmn`ªV Pmbobo _w»` ^yH§$n :
©fd Um$H>R{ IramV iod a>>Qía[
b$oHñ rIw_w`Ë¥_
0591 _mgmA 51
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.m`Ü§g
.md7 6.8 0051
6591 VmaOwJ ¡bwO12 rÌma
.md11 0.7 omamOh
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.md 6.6 867

16
AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZmVrb ÂmnËVr ì`dñWmnZmVrb ÂmnËVr ì`dñWmnZmVrb ÂmnËVr ì`dñWmnZmVrb ÂmnËVr ì`dñWmnZmVrb ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`© :maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`© :maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`© :maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`© :maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`© :
1993 Z§VaÀ`m ^maVm_Üò AmH$pñ_H$arË`m CX²^dboë`m,
Z¡g{J©H$ dm _mZd{Z{_©V, AmnËVtMo {ZdmaU H$aÊ`mgmR>r
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo ârd H$m`© Ho$bo Amho. H$moR>ohr AmnËVr
KS>ë`mMr KQ>Zm KS>VmM ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`©H$V} VrZ-
Mma Vmgm§VM {VWo nmohmoMV d Ëd[aV _XVH$m`m©bm gwédmV
H$arV.
ñWm{ZH$ {R>H$mUmhÿZ {ZKVmZmM; àm_w»`mZo OZaoQ>a, V§~§yMo
gm{hË`, Q>çy~, dmà, AÝZYmÝ`, AÝZ ~Z{dÊ`mMr ^m§S>r,
dmQ>nmMo {deof V`ma Ho$bobo {H$Q> Aem gd© V`mar{ZerM
H$m`©H$V} {ZKV. ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMm EH$_oH$m§er g§dmX
hmoD$Z, `m g§dmXmVyZM àm_w»`mZo H$m_mMr {d^mJUr,
gm{hË`mMr {d^mJUr dJ¡ao Jmoï>r R>a{dë`m OmV.
~Mmd H$m`© :~Mmd H$m`© :~Mmd H$m`© :~Mmd H$m`© :~Mmd H$m`© :
àËòH$ AmnËVrÀ`m {R>H$mUr nmohmoMë`mZ§Va ^yH§$nmV
AS>H$boë`m§Mr gwQ>H$m H$aÊ`mMo _hÎdmMo H$m`© doJmZo nma nmS>>bo
3991 >´ïmamh_ 03
a~|>Qßg
4o>Qmhn
.md 3.6 8297
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ramdoZmO 9.6 11831
5002 ar_ím$H 8
a~om>QŠ°mA
4o>Qmhn
.md 6.7 amOh08

17
OmVo.Am_u,hmo_JmS>©,nmobrg,emgH$sÀ{YH$mè`m§Zm`mH$m`m©V
_XV Ho$br OmVo.
_¥VXohm§Mr {dëhodmQ :>_¥VXohm§Mr {dëhodmQ :>_¥VXohm§Mr {dëhodmQ :>_¥VXohm§Mr {dëhodmQ :>_¥VXohm§Mr {dëhodmQ :> O§Vyg§gJ© amoIÊ`mgmR>r Am¡fYm§Mr
$dmaUr H$aÊ`mMr H$m`© àm_w»`mZo hmVr KoVbo OmVo.
AÝZnwadR>m :AÝZnwadR>m :AÝZnwadR>m :AÝZnwadR>m :AÝZnwadR>m : H$mhr H$m`©H$V} AÝZ ~Z{dÊ`mgmR>r OmJoMr
nmhUr H$aVmV d AÝZ ~Z{dÊ`mMr à{H«$`m gwê$ H$aVmV.
amÌ§{Xdg Mhm, gH$mi-g§Ü`mH$mi ZmíVm d VrgoH$ hOma
OUm§Zm nwaob Ago AÝZ ~Z{dÊ`mMo d dmQ>nmMo H$m`© Ëd[aV
gwê$ Ho$bo OmVo.
gm{hË`mMo dmQ>n :gm{hË`mMo dmQ>n :gm{hË`mMo dmQ>n :gm{hË`mMo dmQ>n :gm{hË`mMo dmQ>n : ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo ^yH§$nJ«ñVm§gmR>r
EH$ H$sQ> V`ma Ho$bo Amho. Ë`mV A§WéU, nm§KéU, dmnaÊ`mMo
H$nS>o, H$mS>onoQ>r, _oU~ËVr, gmIa, Mhm, S>mi, Vm§Xÿi dJ¡ao
Jmoï>tMm g_mdoe Ho$bm OmVmo d Vo àËòH$mn`ªV nmohmoM{dÊ`mMr
ì`dñWm Ho$br OmVo.
VmËnwaVm {Zdmam :VmËnwaVm {Zdmam :VmËnwaVm {Zdmam :VmËnwaVm {Zdmam :VmËnwaVm {Zdmam : ^yH§$nm_Üò ~hþVm§er Kao CX²ÜdñV Pmbobr
AgVmV. Ë`m_wio gdmªÀ`m VmËnwaË`m {ZdmgmMr ì`dñWm Ho$br
OmVo.
Am¡fY nwadR>m d S>m°ŠQ>g©Mr godm :Am¡fY nwadR>m d S>m°ŠQ>g©Mr godm :Am¡fY nwadR>m d S>m°ŠQ>g©Mr godm :Am¡fY nwadR>m d S>m°ŠQ>g©Mr godm :Am¡fY nwadR>m d S>m°ŠQ>g©Mr godm : ^yH§$nnr{S>Vm§Zm Ëd[aV
BbmOmMrgmo`hmoUoAË`§VJaOoMoAgVo.Ë`mgmR>rA°åã`wbÝg,
XdmImZm, Am°naoeÝg²Mr gmo`, Am¡fYmonMmam§Mr gmo` hmoUo
JaOoMo AgVo. {R>H${R>H$mUmhÿZ O¡Z H$å`w{ZQ>rMo S>m°ŠQ>g© òD$Z
é½Um§Zm VmËH$mi godm XoÊ`mMo H$m`© AhmoamÌ H$aVmV. aŠVXmZ
{e{~a§ âdyZ aŠV gmR>dbo OmVo.
Aem gd© H$m`m©bm {Z`moOZ~ÕarË`m gwédmV g§KQ>ZoÀ`m
H$m`©H$Ë`mªH$Sy>Z hmoVo.
nU `m H$m`m©{edm` BVahr AZoH$ AS>MUtMm, AS>Wù`m§Mm
gm_Zm H$amdm bmJVmo. `mV {d{dY amÁ`m§_Üò {d{dY AZw^d
g§KQ>Zobm Ambo.

18
{d{dY amÁ`m§_Üò g§KQ>ZoZo Ho$bobo H$m`© :{d{dY amÁ`m§_Üò g§KQ>ZoZo Ho$bobo H$m`© :{d{dY amÁ`m§_Üò g§KQ>ZoZo Ho$bobo H$m`© :{d{dY amÁ`m§_Üò g§KQ>ZoZo Ho$bobo H$m`© :{d{dY amÁ`m§_Üò g§KQ>ZoZo Ho$bobo H$m`© :
bmVya_Üò Or{dV d {dËVhmZr _moR>çm à_mUmda Pmbr hmoVr.
nU `mnojm _hÎdmMo åhUOo bhmZ _wbm§da $ma n[aUm_ Pmbm,
Ë`m_wio bmVya_Yrb 1200 _wbm§À`m e¡j{UH$ nwZd©gZmMm
{ZU©` KoVbm. dmKmobr òWo O_rZ BJS Zo IaoXr H$ê$Z dëS>©
~±H$ d _hmamï´> emgZmÀ`m ghH$m`m©Zo emim ~m§YyZ BJS bm
XoÊ`mV Ambr d gd© _wbm§Zm nXdrn`ªVMo {ejU {Xbo.
O~bnya ^yH§$nmV Ë`m_mZmZo Or{dVhmZr H$_r Pmbr, nU VoWrb
_wbm§Zmhr nwÊ`mbm AmUyZ Ë`m§Mo e¡j{UH$ nwZd©gZ Ho$bo.
JwOamV_Üò àM§S> Or{dVhmZr Va PmbrM nU JmdoÀ`m Jmdo
CX²ÜdñV Pmbr. emim, Kao, XþH$mZo, hm°pñnQ>ëg gd©H$mhr Zï>
Pmbo. $ma AdKS> n[apñWVrVyZ g§KQ>Zobm BWo dmQ> H$mT>mdr
bmJbr. BWo emim§Mr C^maUr H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoÊ`mV
Ambm d 90 {Xdgm§À`m AmV 368 emim§Mr C^maUr H$ê$Z, Ë`m
g_ma§^nyd©H$ JwOamV gaH$maH$S>o hñVm§V[aV H$aÊ`mV Amë`m.
V{_iZmSy>, A§X_mZ d {ZH$mo~ma_Üò Ooìhm ËgwZm_r Ambr,
VoìhmMr Va AË`§V {~H$Q> n[apñWVr hmoVr. AZ§V AS>MUtda
_mV H$arV g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr _XV H$m`© Va Ho$boM.
`m{edm` A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Üò emim§Mr d àmW{_H$ Amamo½`
H|$Ðm§Mr C^maUr Ho$br. AË`§V à{VHy$b n[apñWVrV `m
H|$Ðem{gV àXoem_Üò C^mabobo ho H$m`© hmo`.
Oå_y-H$mí_ra_Üò Pmbobm ^yH§$n hm gdmªV _moR>m ^yH§$n hmo`.
AZoH$ Jmdo, àXoe ~o{MamI hmoD$Z JobmM nU hdm_mZ AË`§V
à{VHy$b hmoVo. bmoH$m§Zm {Zdmam ZìhVm, H$S>mŠ`mMr W§S>r-~©$
nS>m`bm gwédmV hmoUma hmoVr. ~mH$sMr Va gd© _XV
Zoh_rà_mUo g§KQ>ZoZo Ho$brM nU, ^yH§$nnr{S>Vm§Mr {Zdmè`mMr
ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mMo $ma _hÎdmMo H$m`© Ho$bo.

19
`m{edm`_hmamï´>,{~hma_ÜòAmboë`mnyapñWVrÀ`mdoirXoIrb
nyaJ«ñVm§Zm VmVS>rZo _XV nwadÊ`mMo H$m`© ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo
Ho$bo.
`m{edm` _mZd{Z{_©V AmnËVt_Üò XoIrb g§KQ>ZoZo {ZdmaU
H$m`© nma nmS>bo Amho. `mV àm_w»`mZo _oiKmQ>Mm Hw$nmofU àíZ
gmoS>{dÊ`mgmR>r H$m`© Ho$bo. _m§T>aXodr_§{Xam^modVrÀ`m XþH$mZm§Zm
AmJ bmJë`mZ§Va Ëd[aV _XVH$m`© nwa{dÊ`mMo H$m_ g§KQ>ZoZo
hmVr KoVbo.
{d{dY g§ñWm/ emgZmH$Sy>Z AmnËVr{ZdmaU H$m`© :{d{dY g§ñWm/ emgZmH$Sy>Z AmnËVr{ZdmaU H$m`© :{d{dY g§ñWm/ emgZmH$Sy>Z AmnËVr{ZdmaU H$m`© :{d{dY g§ñWm/ emgZmH$Sy>Z AmnËVr{ZdmaU H$m`© :{d{dY g§ñWm/ emgZmH$Sy>Z AmnËVr{ZdmaU H$m`© :
AmnËVrÀ`m doir _XVH$m`© C^maUrMo H$m_ H$aUmè`m
emgH$s`, AemgH$s`, Xoer d Am§Vaamï´>r` g§ñWm AZoH$
AgVmV. emgZmMr XoIrb g§nyU© `§ÌUm BWo am~V AgVo. AmVm
XiUdiU, g§nH©$_mÜ`_mMo OJâ Omio Agë`m_wio {d{dY
g§ñWm§H$Sy>Z, {d{dY àH$mao, haVèhoMr _XV òV AgVo.
n¡emMm AmoK gwê$ AgVmo. gdmªH$Sy>Z _XVrMm OJâmVyZ,
ghH$m`m©Mm hmV nwT>o òVmo d gd©OU Amnmnë`m narZo _XV
H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmV.
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`m©Vrb doJionU :^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`m©Vrb doJionU :^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`m©Vrb doJionU :^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`m©Vrb doJionU :^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`m©Vrb doJionU :
`m gd© ^yH§$n, ËgwZm_r, _mZd{Z{_©V AmnËVt_Üò ^maVr`
O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo gd©Vmonar _XVH$m`© Va C^maboM. nU _hÎdmMo
åhUOo ñdrH$mabobo AmìhmZ nyU©Ëdmg Zobo. AmnËVrÀ`m {R>H$mUr
g§KQ>ZoMo AÜ`j em§VrbmbOr ñdV: 15-15 {Xdg am{hbo. Vohr
Q>|Q>_Üò! Am§KmoirMo, ImÊ`m{nÊ`mMo gdmªgmaIoM Ë`m§Mohr hmb
Pmbo.nUZS>J_JVmH$m`©VS>rgZobo.H$moUVohrH$m`©~rOoEgZo
AY©dQ> gmoS>bo Zmhr, H$s H§$Q>miyZ H$moUr _mKmar {$abo Zmhr.
_J Vo emim C^maUrMo H$m`© Agmo, {Zdmam C^maUrMo H$m`©

20
Agmo H$s XmoZ df© A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Üò MmbUmao àmW{_H$
Amamo½` H|$Ðm§Mo H$m`© Agmo.
{OX²X, {ZíM`mÀ`m Omoamda gd© H$m`© nyU©Ëdmg Zobo.
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m {Z`moOZ~Õ, AmIrd-aoIrd
H$m`m©_wio, {eñV~Õ nmaXe©H$Vo_wio gJirH$S>o AmnËVr
ì`dñWmnZ H$m`m©Mm JmOmdmOm Pmbm Amho. doJdoJù`m
ñd`§godr g§ñWm§er ~rOoEg g§b¾ Amho. Direct Relief Interna-
tional, the Red Cross Aem Am§Vaamï´>r` XOm©À`m g§ñWm§~amo~a
~rOoEg H$m`© H$aVo. ^maVmVrb _w»` dV©_mZnÌm§H$S>o òUmam
_XVrMm AmoK, _moR>_moR>çm H§$nÝ`m§Mr _XV ~rOoEgH$S>o gwnyX©
H$aÊ`mV òVo. emgZXoIrb _XVH$m`© C^maUrÀ`m doir
~rOoEger gëbm_gbV H$ê$ZM {ZU©` KoVo. Aem àH$mao
~rOoEg d AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZ `m EH$mM ZmÊ`mÀ`m XmoZ ~mOy
AmhoV. AË`§V _hÎdnyU©© dmQ>m AmnËVr {ZdmaÊ`mÀ`m H$m`m©V
em§VrbmbOr d ~rOoEgZo CMbbm Amho.

21
3. bmVyaMm YS>m:3. bmVyaMm YS>m:3. bmVyaMm YS>m:3. bmVyaMm YS>m:3. bmVyaMm YS>m:
AmnËVr {Z`moOZmMr nm`mâUrAmnËVr {Z`moOZmMr nm`mâUrAmnËVr {Z`moOZmMr nm`mâUrAmnËVr {Z`moOZmMr nm`mâUrAmnËVr {Z`moOZmMr nm`mâUr
H$moUVrhr Z¡g{J©H$ AmnËVr hr XþX£drM hmo`, _J Vr AmnËVr
^yH§$n Agmo, nya Agmo H$s ËgwZm_r! AmnËVr EH$Q>r òV Zmhr,
òVmZm g§H$Q>m§Mr _m{bH$mM KoD$Z òVo, Aemdoir `m XþX£dr
KQ>ZoVyZ gmdaÊ`mgmR>r H$UIaVoMr, {ZûS>VoMr Oer
Amdí`H$Vm AgVo, VerM gw`mo½` {Z`moOZmMr XoIrb.
AmnËVr {Z`moOZmMm gwg§~Õ nm`m àW_ H$moUr aMbm Agob
Va Vmo ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo, bmVya AmnËVrÀ`mdoir!
30 gßQ>|~a 1993 amoOr _hmamï´>mVrb bmVya {OëhçmV EH$
A{Ve` XþX£dr KQ>Zm KS>br, Vr åhUOo nhmQ>o 3 dmOyZ 56
{_{ZQ>m§Zr 6.3 [aíQ>>a ñHo$bMm òWo O~aXñV ^yH§$n Pmbm. bmVya
{Oëhçm_Yrb {H$ëbmar, gñVya Am{U Odinmg 58 Jmdo `m
^yH§$nmZo {dÐþn H$ê$Z Q>mH$br. $ma _moR>çm à_mUmda
Or{dVhmZr Pmbr, gaH$mar AmH$S>odmS>rZwgma gw_mao Xhm hOma
bmoH$m§Zm `m ^yH§$nmÀ`m hmXè`mV Amnbo OrdZ J_dmdo bmJbo.
{H$ËòH$ bmoH$ ~oKa Pmbo. Am{W©H$ hmZr àM§S> à_mUmda Pmbr.

22
{H$ËòH$bmoH$AÝZ,dñÌ,{Zdmam`m_yb^yVJaOm§nmgyZd§{MV
Pmbo, nU `mVrb gdmªV _moR>m YŠH$m hmoVm Vmo _mZ{gH$!
AmVm nwT>o H$go OJm`Mo? H$m` H$am`Mo? H$er C^maUr
H$am`Mr? Hw$Ry>Z gwédmV H$am`Mr? Á`m eyÝ`mVyZ gwédmV
H$am`MrVmoeyÝ`M^yH§$nmVrbImobnmoH$irV{déZJobmhmoVm,
dmVmdaUmV g§nyU©V: CX²ÜdñV gÝZmQ>m hmoVm.
Aem H$R>rU n[apñWVrV ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo lr. em§{Vbmb
_wWm d g§KQ>ZoMm OÏ`m ^yH§$nJ«ñV, AmnËVrJ«ñV, nr{S>V
OZVobm _mòMm hmV XoÊ`mg nwT>o gagmdbo. AmeoMm, OrdZmMm
{H$aU KoD$Z Ë`m§À`mn`ªV Jobo. `m ^yH§$nJ«ñV ì`ŠVtg_moa
AZoH$ AS>MUr, AZoH$ g_ñ`m, AZoH$ ì`Wm Am dmgyZ Cä`m
R>mH$boë`m AgVmV. Ë`mVrb gdmªV _hÎdmMr åhUOo AÝZ,
dó, {Zdmam. Ë`m~amo~aM òUmè`m JaOoÀ`m Jmoï>r åhUOo
Am¡fYm§Mr CnbãYVm, _¥VXohm§Mr {dëhodmQ>, AmOmar,
XþImnVJ«ñV ì`ŠVtMr Ëd[aV XoI^mb. `m AË`mdí`H$
AgUmè`m gw{dYm§_Üò àm_w»`mZo S>m°ŠQ>g©, Zg}gMr CnbãYVm.
VgoM A°åã`wbÝg, aŠVnoT>rMr Amdí`H$Vm. _¥VXohm§Mm Oa dmg
òV Agob Va amoJO§VyZmeH$ Am¡fYm§Mr $dmaUr. g§gJ©OÝ`
amoJ, amoJamB© Q>miÊ`mgmR>r _moR>çm à_mUmda Ëd[aV
Cnm“moOZm§Mr JaO AgVo.
_¥VXohm§À`m XhZmgmR>r bmHy$S>$mQ>m CnbãYVoMr AË`mdí`H$Vm
AgVo, `m gd©M Jmoï>tMr, gw{dYm§Mr CnbãYVm A{Ve`
VmËH$mi ObXJVrZo, AmnËVrJ«ñV ^mJm_Üò hmoUo A{Ve`
OéarMo AgVo.

23
^maVrÒ¡Zg§KQ>ZoZo`mA{Ve`H$R>rUn[apñWVr_ÜòAmnë`m
H$m`m©Mm,{Z`moOZ~Õ,gwgyÌOmoS>m|JaC^mHo$bmË`mbmIamoIarM
VmoS> Zmhr.
`mVrb gdmªV àW_ d _hÎdmMr Aer am~{dbobr Cnm``moOZm
g§KQ>ZoZoCñ_mZm~mXdbmVya{OëhçmVrbZD$JmdoXËVH$KoVbr,
Ëd[aV “[abr$ H±$nMr’’ C^maUr H$aÊ`mV Ambr. gw_mao Vrg
hOmaOUm§MrXmoÝhrdoioÀ`mOodUmMrì`dñWmnmhÿZAZoH$bmoH$
BVH$sgw§Xa,AmIrd-aoIrd,{Z`moOZ~Õì`dñWmnmhÿZ^mamdyZ
Jobo.
^moOZì`dñWoÀ`m_§S>nmMraMZmAerHo$brhmoVrH$s,^moOZmg
òUmè`m§Mm àdoe EH$mM XmamZo, AmV Amë`mZ§Va VmQ>-dmQ>çm§Mr
ZoQ>H$sì`dñWm.H$mÀgobVoAÝZdmTy>ZKoD$ZbmoH$m§ZmËd[aV
~mhoanS>Ê`mMrgwb^ì`dñWm.EH$mM{R>H$mUrJXuqH$dmVmQ>H$iV
amhmdo, `mgma»`m H$moUË`mhr Jmoï>r KS>Uma ZmhrV `mMr nwaonya
XjVm KoVbr OmV Ago. ^moOZ _§S>nmMr ì`dñWm XmoZ añVo {OWo
{_iVrbË`mMm¡H$moZmVHo$brOmVo,Ë`m_wioòUmè`mOmUmè`m§Zm,
_mb CVamd`mbm gmo`rMo nS>Vo. nmÊ`mMr ì`dñWm Ho$br OmVo.
Aem àH$mao AÝZYmÝ` gmR>dÊ`m~m~V, AÝZ ~Z{dÊ`m~m~V d
AÝZdmQ>nm~m~VAË`§VH$mQ>oH$moa,{eñV~Õ{Z`moOZHo$boOmVo.
gd©emgH$sÀ{YH$mar,S>m°ŠQ>g©,Am_u,nmobrg,E_.Eg.B©.~r.Mo
bmoH$ H$m`©H$V} gdmªgmR>r ~rOoEg AÝZ ~Z{dV Ago. gdmªZm
~mobmdyZOodm`bmXoVAgV.hm$ma_moR>m{dMmaem§VrbmbOtZr
Aem AmnËVrJ«ñV H$mimV {Xbm. amÌ§{Xdg MhmMr ì`dñWm
H$aÊ`mVAmbr.emgH$sÀ{YH$mar,bîH$amVrbbmoH$,S>m°ŠQ>g©,
H$m`©H$V} gVV H$m`©aV AgVmV. Ë`m§À`mgmR>r Mhm, {~ñH$sQ>o,
ZmíVm-OodU XoUo JaOoMo AgVo. OodU Aem àH$mao ~Zdbo OmV

24
Ago H$s Á`mbm $ma doi bmJUma Zmhr. nyU© OodUm_Üò nm¡{ï>H$
AmhmamMm g_mdoe Ago, nU ñdÀN>Vm Am{U bdH$amV bdH$a
AÝZ ~Z{dbo OmB©b, `mMr nwaonya H$miOr KoVbr OmV Ago.
bmVya ^yH§$nm_Üò ~rOoEgZo gmYmaU _{hZmâ H$m`© Ho$bo.
A_o[aHo$Mo amOXÿV {VWo Ambo. Ë`m§Zr ~rOoEgÀ`m H±$n_Üò OodU
Ho$bo. Ë`m§Zm {VWbr gd© ì`dñWm, ñdÀN>Vm, AÝZmMr nm¡{ï>H$Vm
EdT>r AmdS>br H$s Ë`m§Zr àgma_mÜ`_m§Zm gm§{JVbo, H$s “Oo
AÝZ Imëbo Vo A_o[aHo$V {_imë`mgmaIoM dmQ>bo.”
nU ^yH§$nm_wio hmZr Pmboë`m H$mhr _§S>itZm H±$nda òD$Z OodU
KoUo Mm§Jbo dmQ>m`Mo Zmhr. Aem ì`ŠVtMr _ZYaUr H$ê$Z
Ë`m§Mm H±$nda AmUyZ Oody KmbÊ`mMo qH$dm Ë`m§À`m Kar ZoD$Z
OodU XoÊ`mMo H$m_hr ~rOoEgÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr Ho$bo.
AmOy~mOyÀ`m amÁ`m§VyZ 4-5 Q´>H$ gm{hË` KoD$Z bmoH$ òV hmoVo.
H$moU AÝZ ~ZdVo` `mMm emoY KoV. bmoH$m§Zm _m{hV Pmbo H$s,
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`mV}$ XaamoO VrgoH$ hOmaOUm§Zm AÝZ
~ZdyZ {Xbo OmV Amho, Ë`m_wio YmÝ` AmUyZ H$moUmH$S>o Úm`Mo
hm Ë`m§Mm àíZ gwQ>V Ago. ho YmÝ` qH$dm BVa gm{hË` CVadyZ
KoUo. ZrQ> O_m H$aUo, Ë`m§Mr ì`dñWm R>odUo `m gd© Jmoï>tZm
em§VrbmbOtZr ZoQ>Ho$ diU, gwì`dpñWV {Z`moOZ {Xbo. Ë`m_wio
AÝZYmÝ`mMr ZmgmS>r Pmbr Zmhr. nwÊ`mhÿZ òVmZm ~rOoEgMo
H$m`©H$V} OZaoQ>a, Q>çw~, dmà, {S>Pob, _mB©H$ Agohr gd©
gm{hË` KoD$Z Ambo hmoVo. H$maU ZwgVo OZaoQ>a AmUyZ $m`Xm
Zmhr Va Ë`mgmR>r {S>Pobhr nm{hOo. Ë`m_wio {S>Pob AmUÊ`mgmR>r
doJirJmS>rR>odbr.H$moUË`mhrJmoï>rMrAZmD$Ýg_|Q>H$aÊ`mgmR>r
_mB©H$Mm Mm§Jbm Cn`moJ Pmbm. ~rOoEgÀ`m Q>|Q>, _mB©H$, bmB©Q>,
OZaoQ>a_wioJmdmVrbdmVmdaUm_Üò~XbPmbm.~rOoEgMmQ>|Q>

25
åhUOogdmªgmR>rEH$_m{hVrH|$ÐPmbohmoVo.emgH$sÀ{YH$mar,
Am_u,nmobrgbmoH$XoIrb_mB©H$dê$ZAZmD$Ýg_|Q>H$aÊ`mgmR>r
~rOoEgÀ`m Q>|Q>da òV.
^maVmMo n§VàYmZ Ooìhm ^yH§$nJ«ñV {R>H$mUmMr nmhUr
H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ambo, Voìhm Ë`m§Mo ^mfUmgmR>r ~rOoEgMm _mB©H$
dmnaÊ`mV Ambm.
bmVyaÀ`m ^yH§$nm_Üò àM§S> Or{dVhmZr Pmbr. _¥VXoh BVñVV:
nS>bobo hmoVo. Ë`mVM àM§S> nmD$g òV hmoVm. _¥VXohm§Zm A½Zr
Úm`bm bmH$S>o {_iV ZìhVr. 50-100 _¥VXohm§Zm EH$Ì A½Zr
Úmdm bmJo. ^mdZm Am{U AZw^d Zoh_rM doJio AgVmV.
AmnËVrÀ`m H$mimV Va H$Yr H$moUVr n[apñWVr CX²^dob, `mMo
^mî` H$moUrM H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr. ñdV: em§VrbmbOtZm XoIrb
`mn[apñWVrVyZOmdobmJbo.nwÊ`mhÿZ^yH§$nJ«ñV^mJmVOmD$Z
_moR>çmà_mUmV ârd _XVH$m`© H$aÊ`mMr H$ënZm S>moŠ`mV
KoD$Z g§Ü`mH$miÀ`m doir nwÊ`mhÿZ g§KQ>ZoÀ`m JmS>çm§Mm Vm$m
~meuÀ`m {XeoZo {ZKmbm. em§VrbmbOt~amo~a lr. _XZbmb
~m$Zm d gwdmbmb Mmoa{S>`m hmoVo. _wgiYma nmD$g gwê$ hmoVm,
JmS>r Mmb{dVmZm g_moaMo H$mhrM {XgV ZìhVo, amÌrMr doi
hmoVr, Q>|^yUuÀ`m Amgnmg Amë`mda Á`m JmS>rV em§VrbmbOr
hmoVo, Ë`m JmS>rÀ`m _mJÀ`m H$mModa drO H$mogibr. JmS>rMo
Iyn ZwH$gmZ Pmbo nU H$_©Y_©g§`moJmZo em§VrbmbOr d _XZ
~m$ZmOr `m XþK©Q>ZoVyZ ~Mmdbo. JmS>rÀ`m Q>màÀ`m A{WªJ_wio
Vo dmMbo. JmS>rMr nmR>r_mJMr H$mM w$Q>ë`mZo Ymo-Ymo nmD$g
JmS>r_ÜòXoIrbòVhmoVm.nUAemhrn[apñWVrVañË`mVHw$R>ohr
ZWm§~VmË`m§ZramÌr~mer©JmR>br.VoWogd©H$m`©H$Ë`mªerg{dñVa

26
MMm© Pmbr. nwT>rb H$m`©H«$_mMr {Xem R>a{dbr d gd©OU
Cñ_mZm~mXbm admZm Pmbo.
àËòH$ _Zwî`mÀ`m A§V`m©_r {Xì`àH$me VodV AgVmo.
em§VrbmbOtgmaIr EImXrM ì`ŠVr A§V`m©_rÀ`m
{Xì`àH$membm àÁd{bV H$ê$Z Amg_§VmVrb A§YH$ma_`
Am^mgrê$n Zmhrgo H$ê$Z Q>mH$VmV. Ë`m_wio em§VrbmbOtZr
XmIdboë`m `m VoOmo_` àH$memÀ`m dmQ>oda AZoH$m§Mr Am`wîò
COiyZ {ZKmbr.
lr. eaX ndlr. eaX ndlr. eaX ndlr. eaX ndlr. eaX ndmam§Mo `moJXmZ :mam§Mo `moJXmZ :mam§Mo `moJXmZ :mam§Mo `moJXmZ :mam§Mo `moJXmZ :
_hmamï´> amÁ`mMo VËH$m{bZ _w»`_§Ìr lr. eaX ndma `m§Zr
bmVyaMr^yH§$nJ«ñVn[apñWVrAË`§VMm§Jë`màH$maohmVmibr.
Vo ñdV: n§Yam {Xdg `m {R>H$mUr hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr Amnbo _w§~B©
H$m`m©b` gmobmnya_Üò hb{dbo. Vo Ëd[aV {ZU©` KoV.
doJdoJiçm ñd`§godr g§ñWm§Zm doJdoJiçm H$m`m©Mo dmQ>n Ë`m§Zr
Ho$bo. bmoH$ ^yH§$nJ«ñVm§Zm haàH$mao _XV H$ê$ BpÀN>V hmoVo, `m
_XVrMoXoIrb`mo½`àH$mao{Z`moOZ~ÕdmQ>nKSy>ZòUoJaOoMo
AgVo. Oo H$moUr n¡go ê$nmV _XV XoV hmoVo, Vo ñd`§godr g§ñWm§Zm
XoV. Ë`m§Zm BÝH$_Q>°Šg_Üò gdbV Agm eaXamdm§Zr {ZU©`
KoVbm. _w»`_§Ìr {ZYr_Üò Oo _XV XoVrb Ë`m§Zm
BÝH$_Q>°Šg_Üò 100% gdbV {Xbr OmB©b. `mZ§VaMm Ë`m§Zr
am~{dbobm _hÎdmMm {ZU©` hmoVm Vmo åhUOo {ZdmgñWmZ
~m§YÊ`mMo H$m`© hmVr KoVbo. Ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zr doJdoJiçm
{~ëS>g©Zm H$m`_ñdê$nr {ZdmgñWmZmÀ`m Ñï>rZo Amnmnbo
ñQ´>ŠMab {S>PmB©Ýg qH$dm AmamIS>o gmXa H$aÊ`mg gm§{JVbo,
Ë`mMo EpŠP{~eZ âdbo d Ë`mVyZ H$mhr {~ëS>g©Zm {ZdSy>Z
Ë`m§À`mH$S>o^yH§$nJ«ñV_§S>itÀ`mH$m`_ñdê$nr{ZdmgmMrgmo`
H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMo H$m`© gmon{dbo.

27
nwZd©gZ H$m`m©_Üò {Z`moOZmMr Amdí`H$Vm- ~rOoEgMonwZd©gZ H$m`m©_Üò {Z`moOZmMr Amdí`H$Vm- ~rOoEgMonwZd©gZ H$m`m©_Üò {Z`moOZmMr Amdí`H$Vm- ~rOoEgMonwZd©gZ H$m`m©_Üò {Z`moOZmMr Amdí`H$Vm- ~rOoEgMonwZd©gZ H$m`m©_Üò {Z`moOZmMr Amdí`H$Vm- ~rOoEgMo
{ZarjU :{ZarjU :{ZarjU :{ZarjU :{ZarjU :
AmnËVrJ«ñVm§gmR>r _moR>çm à_mUmda _XVrMm AmoK emgH$s`,
AemgH$s` g§ñWm, {d{dY amÁò, naXoem§VyZ gwê$ hmoVmo. `m dñVy
CVadyZ KoÊ`mMr, `mo½` VèhoZo R>odÊ`mMr {d{eï> `§ÌUm AgUo
JaOoMo AgVo,hr_XVXoIrbH$emàH$maMrAgmdr?Ë`mgmR>r
H$mhr {Z`moOZ AgUo JaOoMo Amho. CXm. 100 ~moar Jhÿ KoD$Z
bmoH$ òV. nU ZwgVm Jhÿ AmUyZ H$m` $m`Xm? Xim`bm {JaUr
nm{hOo. OwZo H$nS>o bmoH$m§H$Sy>Z Jmoim Ho$bo OmVmV, Ë`mgmR>r
Jmdm§_Üò JmS>çm§Mr MŠH$a hmoVo. bmoH$m§Zr H$nS>o H$em àH$maMo
ÚmdoV `m~Ôbhr H$mhr gwgyÌVm Agbr nm{hOo. H$maU OwZo H$nS>o
^yH§$nJ«ñVm§Zm Var XoUma H$go? Xþgar Jmoï> EdT>r _ohZV KoD$Z
H$nS>o Jmoim hmoUma Vo {VWn`ªV nmohmoMdbo OmUma nU Oa Ë`m§Mm
H$mhr Cn`moJM Zmhr, Va Vo EdT>o H$nS>çm§Mo T>rJ R>odUma Var
Hw$R>o? Am{U Ë`m§Mo H$m` H$aUma? doJdoJiçm ñd`§godr g§ñWm
òD$Z {VWo H$m`©, _XV H$ê$ BpÀN>VmV. nU H$moUr H$moUVo H$m`©
H$amdo `mMohr {d{eï> {Z`moOZ, YmoaU Agbo nm{hOo. åhUOo
_XVH$m`m©V EH$ àH$maMr gygwÌVm òVo. H$moUr YmÝ` AmUm`Mo?
H$moUr AÝZ ~Zdm`Mo? H$moUr gm{hË`mMo dmQ>n H$am`Mo? H$moUr
_¥VXohm§Mr {dëhodmQ> bmdm`Mr? H$moUr AmOmè`m§Mr ewlyfm
H$am`Mr?bhmZ_wbm§MrH$miOr¿`m`Mr?H$moUrnwZd©gZmÀ`m
H$m`m©_Üò _XV H$am`Mr? {Zdmè`mMr ì`dñWm H$am`Mr? `m
gdmªMoEH${d{eï>{Z`moOZAgboåhUOo_XVH$m`©gwairVnUo
nma nSy> eH$Vo.
AmnËVrJ«ñV^mJmbmnmhÊ`mgmR>råhUyZgwÕmAZoH$bmoH$òV
AgVmV.Ë`m_wioañVoãbm°H$hmoVmV.dmhVyH$VmgZ²VmgImoi§~Vo.
AemH$mimVdmhVwH$sda,òUmè`mJmS>çm§da{Z`§ÌUAgUoJaOoMo

28
AgVo. H$maU emgH$s` A{YH$mar, hmo_JmS>©, bîH$a, nmobrg,
ñd`§godrg§ñWm`m§MoòUo_hÎdmMoAgVo.
gwédmVrbm _¥VXohm§Zm A½Zr XoÊ`mgmR>r bmH$S>m§Mr H$_VaVm
OmUdV hmoVr. nU {_S>r`mH$Sy>Z Ooìhm bmoH$m§n`ªV ~mV_r Jobr
H$s bmH$S>o ZmhrV, Va gJirH$Sy>Z bmoH$ EdT>o bmH$S>§ KoD$Z
Ambo H$s R>odm`bm OmJm ZìhVr. ñd`§ñy$V©nUo AZoH$ H$m`©H$V}
_XVrgmR>r òV AgVmV, nU H$mhr H$mbmdYrZ§Va Vo WH$VmV.
amhmÊ`mMo, ImÊ`m{nÊ`mMo hmb hmoVmV. H$m`©H$Ë`mªMr Aemhr
n[apñWVrV OwidyZ KoD$Z {VWoM amhÿZ H$m`© H$aÊ`mMr `mgmR>r
V`mar Agm`bm hdr. em§VrbmbOtZr `m gd© n[apñWVrVhr
_XV H$m`© gwê$ R>odbo. Ë`m§Zm ñdV:bm JmS>rVM Pmonmdo bmJo,
gH$miMo AmpÝhH$ CaH$Ê`mgmR>r H$Yr Pmon hmoB©, Va H$Yr Zmhr.
nU H$m`© nwT>o ZoUo Ë`m§Zm $ma JaOoMo dmQ>o. nU EH§$XarVM
`m{df`r Ë`m§Mo _V Amho H$s, “AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZmV _XV
H$m`© H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm, ñd`§godr g§ñWm§Zm {d{eï>
à{ejU XoÊ`mMr {ZpíMVM JaO Amho.”
`m{edm` gdmªV _hÎdmMm AZw^d ~rOoEgbm AZw^dm`bm
{_imbm, Vmo åhUOo ^yH§$nJ«ñV ^mJmVrb Jmdm§Mr bmoH$g§»`m
AmnËVrZ§Va dmT>Vo! KamV EH$Ì amhUmao bmoH$ Ëd[aV doJio
hmoVmV. H$moUr ñd`§godr g§ñWm Kao ~m§YyZ XoV Amho, ho Ü`mZmV
òVmM ~mhoaJmdr amhUmao bmoH$hr JmdmVrb OmJm§da, Kam§da
Amnbm hŠH$ gm§Jy bmJVmV. VhgrbXma, VbmR>çm§H$adr Amnbo
aoH$m°S>© ~XbdyZ KoVmV. Va H$mhr bmoH$ åhUV Amåhm§bm n¡go
Xçm, Amåhr Ka ~m§YVmo Aem gd© AS>MUt_YyZ dmQ> H$mT>rV
_XVH$m`©nyU©H$ê$ZbmoH$m§À`mOrdZmbm_mJ©Xe©ZH$aUo,C^mar
XoUoJaOoMoAgVo.

29
gd©AS>MUtMmgm_ZmH$aVmZm,dmQ>H$mT>VmZmbmoH$m§Mmgh^mJ
KoV H$m`© dmT>drV H$m`© H$aUo JaOoMo AgVo. Ë`m_wio ~rOoEgZo
Amnë`m AZw^dmX²dmao _m§S>bobo {ZarjU Ago H$s, nwZd©gZmÀ`m
H$m`m©_ÜòÁ`mH$moUrñd`§godrg§ñWmH$m`©H$aVmVË`m§À`mgmR>r
goëg Q>°Šg, H$ñQ>_ S>çwQ>r, EŠgmB©O S>çwQ>r, gpìh©g Q>°Šg `m
gJiçm_ÜògdbVr{_iUoAmdí`H$Amho.
em§VrbmbOtMr bhmZ _wbm§àVrMr g§doXZerbVm :em§VrbmbOtMr bhmZ _wbm§àVrMr g§doXZerbVm :em§VrbmbOtMr bhmZ _wbm§àVrMr g§doXZerbVm :em§VrbmbOtMr bhmZ _wbm§àVrMr g§doXZerbVm :em§VrbmbOtMr bhmZ _wbm§àVrMr g§doXZerbVm :
bmVya ^yH§$nJ«ñV ^mJm_Üò OodU-ImU, H$nS>o, BVa
gm_mZmMr ì`dñWm, _¥VXohm§Mr {dëhodmQ>, Am¡fYmonMma,
XdmImÝ`m§Mr gmo`, VmËnwaVo {ZdmamñWmZ Aem gd© Jmoï>tMr
ZrQ> ì`dñWm bmdë`mZ§Va, AmUIr H$m` Ho$b§ Omd§ `mda
em§VrbmbOr bj H|${ÐV H$ê$ bmJbo. O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m
_XVH|$Ðmda OodUmgmR>r Or am§J bmJV Ago Ë`m_Üò bhmZ
_wbm§Mr g§»`m Iyn _moR>çm à_mUmda Ago. em§VrbmbOtMr
Mm¡H$g~wÕr H$m_ H$ê$ bmJbr. bhmZ _wbm§er Vo ~moby bmJbo.
H$moUmMr AmB© dmabr, H$moUmMo dS>rb dmabo, Va H$moUmMo H$mH$m,
_m_m, ho Ë`m _wbm§À`m Vm|Sy>Z EoH$V AgVmZm `mMm Ë`m _wbm§À`m
_Zmda H$m` n[aUm_ hmoV Agob `mMr em§VrbmbOtZm H$miOr
dmTy> bmJbr. H$maU H$m` KS>bo Amho, H$m` hmoV Amho ho gd©
H$iÊ`mMo AZw^dÊ`mMo bhmZ _wbm§Mo d` ZgVo.
Amnë`m Kar Oar EImXr KQ>Zm KS>br Var, AmnU KamVë`m
ì`ŠVtZm Vr KQ>Zm hiyM gm§JVmo. åhUOo àË`jmV
_¥Vì`ŠVr{df`rhr AmnU gm§JVmo, {gar`g Amho. _J OmVmZm
añË`mV _ZmMr V`mar H$aVmo d àË`j dñVwpñWVrMr _m{hVr
XoVmo nU H$moUVmhr _mZ{gH$ YŠH$m ~gy Z XoVm!
BWo Va Ë`m _wbm§À`m _Zmda H$m` n[aUm_ hmoV Agob `mMr
em§VrbmbOtZm qMVm dmTy> bmJbr. H$mhr H$mhr _wb§ T>gT>gm

30
aS>VAgV,VaH$mhr_wb§A§V:H$aUmnmgyZXþ:IrPmë`mZoË`m§Zm
H$moUVrhrà{V{H«$`mXoVmòVZìhVr.amÌ§{Xdg_mVrMoT>rJnmhUo,
àoV§BH$Sy>Z{VH$S>oCMbVmZmnmhUo,Am_uMobmoH$,nmobrg`§ÌUm,
S>m°ŠQ>g©, A°åã`wbÝg, _moR>_moR>çm H«o$Ýg, JmS>çm, JXu ho gd© Ñí`
nmhÿZ bhmZ _wbm§À`m S>moŠ`mda H$m` n[aUm_ hmoV Agob `mMm
{dMma H$aUoM A{Ve` _wpíH$b Amho. Ë`m_wio bhmZ _wbm§À`m
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bmJUo Mm§Jbo Zmhr, Ago em§VrbmbOtZm dmQ>m`bm bmJbo. `m
Jmoï>rMo gImob {ZarjU H$ê$Z, Ë`mda Imobda {dMma H$ê$Z
em§VrbmbOtZr _mJ© H$mT>Ê`mMo R>a{dbo. ^yH§$nJ«ñV ^mJmVrb
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doi ^yH§$nmMo Vo Ñí` nmhV AgVmZm Ë`m§À`m _ZmÀ`m d
öX`mÀ`m AmV Imobda éObobo n[aUm_ `m gd© Jmoï>tMm
em§VrbmbOr gm§Jmonm§J {dMma H$ê$ bmJbo. Ë`mVyZ _mJ©
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g§nyU© {nT>rM ~a~mX hmoB©b H$s H$m`? _mZ{gH$Ñï>çm Vo

31
IMVrb H$m`? nwT>rb Am`wî`mV H$mhr C^mar KoÊ`mMr C_oX
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R>m_ {ZU©` em§VrbmbOtZr KoVbm. Ë`m_wio hr _wbo gH$mamË_H$
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g§H$bZ Pmë`mda Vr _m{hVr nwÊ`mÀ`m H$m`m©b`mV nmR>{dbr.
nwUo òWo Aem àH$maÀ`m 1200 _wbm§À`m `mXrMo EH$ nwñVH$
N>mnÊ`mV Ambo. BVŠ`m _wbm§Mr {ejUmMr ì`dñWm Hw$R>o d H$er
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Am§Vaamï´>r` nmVirda _wbm§gmR>r H$m_ H$arV AgUmè`m
_moR>_moR>çm g§KQ>Zm§À`m nXm{YH$mè`m§Zm em§VrbmbOr ôQ>bo.
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H$amdr, Aem àH$maMo Am§Vaamï´>r` YmoaU Agë`mMr H$ënZm

32
em§VrbmbOtZm XoÊ`mV Ambr. em§VrbmbOr ^«_mV nS>bo, Ë`m§Zm
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ZìhË`m. Ë`m_Üò Ag§»` AS>MUr hmoË`m. Ë`m_Üò _hÎdmMo
åhUOo em§VrbmbOtH$S>o H$moUVrhr emim ZìhVr, H$m°boO ZìhVo,
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O~m~XmarVyZ, A§_b~OmdUrVyZ KS>{dë`mMo Amnë`mbm
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`m Jmoï>tMr H$_VaVm òWo àH$fm©Zo OmUdbr.

33
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H$moUË`mhr AmnËVrÀ`m doir AZwH$aU H$amdm AgmM hm
YmoaUmË_H$ {ZU©` Amho!

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35
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^yH§$nmZ§Va CX²ÜdñV Pmë`m hmoË`m. `mVrb gmYmaU 1400-

36
1500 _wbm§À`m~m~V e¡j{UH$ ^{dVì`mMm àíZ hmoVm. Ë`m_wio
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nmR>{dÊ`mg V`ma ZìhVo.
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H$mhtZm AmB© ZìhVr.
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e¡j{UH$ nwZd©gZ àH$ënmMm AmamIS>m V`ma Ho$bm.

37
qnnar-qMMdS> òWo _wbm§Mr gmo` :qnnar-qMMdS> òWo _wbm§Mr gmo` :qnnar-qMMdS> òWo _wbm§Mr gmo` :qnnar-qMMdS> òWo _wbm§Mr gmo` :qnnar-qMMdS> òWo _wbm§Mr gmo` :
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H$mZoJmd, _mH$Ur, {H$ëbmar Aem doJdoJiçm Jmdm§Vrb hmoVo.
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n[apñWVr am{hbr Va nwT>rb Xhm dfmªn`ªV _wbm§Mo {ejU H$go

38
nma nmS>Uma? {ejU hr EopÀN>H$ ~m~ Amho. _mê$Z _wQ>Hy$Z,
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`m gd© Jmoï>tZr, {dMmam§Zr lr. _wWm ZmC_oX ìhm`Mo, nU qh_V
IMyZ MmbUma ZìhVr. nwT>Mm _mJ© AmIUo, `mhr AS>WiçmVyZ
_mJ© H$mT>Uo JaOoMo hmoVo. PmS>mMr nmZJiVr Pmbr åhUyZ Cô
PmS> H$mob_Sy>Z nS>V Zmhr! Zì`m nmbdrMr, Zì`m AmeoZo dmQ>
nmhmVo! àËòH$ doi {Z^mdyZ {ZKm`bm H$mhr H$mi Omdm bmJVmo!
lr. _wWm `m§Zr `m Jmoï>rda EH$ VmoS>Jm H$mT>bm. Ë`m§Zr ~r.Oo.
_o{S>H$bÀ`m _mZgemó {d^mJmbm {dZ§Vr Ho$br H$s _wbm§À`m
_mZ{gH$ nwZd©gZmgmR>r VÁk S>m°ŠQ>am§Mr JaO Amho. Ë`m§À`m
{dZ§Vrbm _mZ XoD$Z S>m°. AbH$m ndma, S>m°. _mohZ AmJmeo `m§Zr
emioV òD$Z _wbm§er g§dmX gmYm`bm gwédmV Ho$br. Ë`m§Mo
H$mD$ÝgoqbJ Ho$bo. O~aXñV _mZ{gH$ YŠŠ`mVyZ
gmdaÊ`mgmR>r, _wbm§Mo _Z a_{dÊ`mgmR>r eWuMo à`ËZ Ho$bo.
`mVyZ Ë`m§Zm ZŠH$sM è Ambo.
e¡j{UH$ nwZ{d©H$mg àH$ënmÀ`m èmMm hm n{hbm Q>ßnm hmoVm.
Ë`mZ§Va nwÊ`mÀ`m ~mhoa dmKmobr òWo Xhm EH$a O_rZ
lr. _wWm `m§Zr {dH$V KoVbr. `m O{_Zrda e¡j{UH$ nwZ{d©H$mg
àH$ënmMr C^maUr H$aÊ`mMo R>a{dÊ`mV Ambo. Ë`mà_mUo 3
bmI ñHo$. $sQ>Mm AmamIS>m H$aÊ`mV Ambm. dëS>© ~±H$ Am{U
_hmamï´> gaH$maÀ`m g§`wŠV {dÚ_mZo ~m§YH$m_ H$aÊ`mg
_hmamîQ´> emgZmZo nadmZJr {Xbr. Ë`mà_mUo `m àH$ënmMo

39
g§nyU© ~m§YH$m_ gaH$maZo Amnbm H$m°ÝQ´>°ŠQ>a Zo_yZ Ho$bo d Vo
lr. _wWm `m§MoH$S>o hñVm§V[aV Ho$bo.
dmKmobr òWo ñWbm§Va :dmKmobr òWo ñWbm§Va :dmKmobr òWo ñWbm§Va :dmKmobr òWo ñWbm§Va :dmKmobr òWo ñWbm§Va :
`mbm dmKmobr e¡j{UH$ d nwZ{d©H$mg H|$Ð (WERC) Ago Zmd
XoÊ`mV Ambo d qnnar qMMdS> _Yrb _wbm§Mr, amhÊ`m-ImÊ`m-
{nÊ`mMr d emioMr gmo` òWo H$aÊ`mV Ambr.
òWo _wbm§Zm _moH$io àm§JU, doJio dmVmdaU d àeñV emim
{_imbr. hiyhiy _wbo nwÊ`mVrb {ejUmbm, dmñVì`mbm éibo.
KaÀ`mgmaIo OodU, AmnwbH$sMo, ào_i {ejH$ nmhÿZ _wbm§Mo
_Z emioV a_bo. `mVrb H$mhr _wbm§Zr Kar nÌ nmR>dyZ H$i{dbo
H$s, “AmB©, Am_Mr H$mhr H$miOr H$ê$ ZH$mo.’’ amhþb hm
{dXçmWu {bhrVmo, “ZoVmOr ì`dpñWV amhV Amho. nU Ë`mbm
bodm`bm (Kmbm`bm) H$nS>o ZmhrV. H$nS>o {_iUma AmhoV, nU
Vo nmM-ghm {Xdgm§Zr. H$mhr H$miOr H$ê$ ZH$m.’’
Va AZoH$m§Zr Amnë`m nÌmV CëboI Ho$bm H$s, “Xgè`mÀ`m
{Xder Amåhr _w»`_§Ìr eaX ndma `m§À`m Kar _wŠH$m_mbm
hmoVmo.’’ Va XËVm AS>Jio `m {dXçmÏ`m©Zo Amnë`m N>moQ>çm ^mdmMr
Iwembr H$i{dVmZm åhQ>bo Amho, “N>moQ>çm VmZyMr H$gë`mg
àH$maMr qMVm H$ê$ ZH$m, _r VmZybm Mm§Jë`m àH$mao gm§^miV
Amho.’’
^yH§$nm_wio `m Aënd`rZ {dXçmÏ`mªZm _mZ{gH$ àm¡T>Ëd
Amë`mMoM Ë`m§À`m nÌmdê$Z OmUdV hmoVo.
“BW§ Ambmo Vdm dmQ>b§ H$s, hr {~ëS>tJ ~r nS>Vr H$m H$m`?’’
VmderJS> òWyZ Ambobm {gH$nmb amOnyV gm§JV hmoVm.
AmÝ_ZJa_Yrb_moR>_moR>çmB_maVrnmhÿZVmo~mdabmhmoVm.`m
XþX£dr {gH$nmbMo AmB© d dS>rb XmoÝhrhr ^yH§$nmV Jobo hmoVo, Ë`mMo
Xþ:I Ë`mÀ`m S>moù`m§V VaiV hmoVo.

40
hr _wbo nmMdr Vo nXdrn`ªV WERC _Üò amhÿZ {eH$bo. g§KQ>Zm
Ë`m§Zm Xa {XdmirÀ`m d CÝhmù`mÀ`m gwQ>rV ñdIMm©Zo Ë`m§Zm
Ë`m§À`m Jmdr Zo-AmU H$arV Ago.
bmVya ^yH§$nnr{S>VmMo è :bmVya ^yH§$nnr{S>VmMo è :bmVya ^yH§$nnr{S>VmMo è :bmVya ^yH§$nnr{S>VmMo è :bmVya ^yH§$nnr{S>VmMo è :
dmKmobrÀ`m emioV Ë`m§À`m H$bmJwUm§Zm dmd {_imbm,
JwUdËVmAmYm[aV{ejU{_imbo,ì`pŠV_ÎdmMm{dH$mgPmbm.
~mhoaÀ`m ì`mdhm[aH$ OJmer AmoiI Va PmbrM nU EH$ ZmVo
OmoS>bo Jobo. ^mdZm§Zm, g§doXZm§Zm dmQ> {_imë`m_wio Xþ:ImMr
Yma ~moWQ> Pmbr. Amnë`mnojm OmñV Xþ:I `m OJmV Amho
`mMrhr OmUrd OmJ¥Vr Pmbr Am{U Ë`m§Zm _XVrMm hmV
XoÊ`mgmR>r, C^mar XoÊ`mgmR>r gmW XoÊ`mMr {eH$dU KoD$ZM
Vo g§ñWoVyZ ~mhoa nS>bo. ñdV:À`m nm`mda Cô am{hbo,
AWm©O©ZmÀ`m dmQ>m emoYë`m, Amnë`m JmdmH$S>o gwYmaUm KS>dyZ
AmUë`m.
bmVya ^yH§$nJ«ñV _wbm§Zm VoWyZ nwÊ`mbm KoD$Z òÊ`mnmgyZ Vo
BWoË`m§Mo_mZ{gH$nwZd©gZKS>dyZAmUyZ{ejUXoÊ`mn`ªVMm
àdmg hm g§KQ>ZoÀ`m Ñï>rZo H$R>rU Va hmoVmM, nU àËòH$
doir ZdZdrZ AS>MUtZm, àíZm§Zm gm_moao Omdo bmJbo. `m
AZw^dmVyZ {eHy$Z ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo Aem AmnËVtg§X^m©V
EH$ {Z`moOZ~Õ, gwgyÌnÕVrMm AmamIS>m V`ma Ho$bm. H$s
OoUoH$ê$Z AmnËVr Amë`mZ§Va $magm doi Z XdS>Vm Ëd[aV
gd© `§ÌUm hmVmer Agmdr d àË`j H$m`m©Mr A§_b~OmdUr
gwairVnUo nma nS>mdr.
O~bnya ^yH§$n :O~bnya ^yH§$n :O~bnya ^yH§$n :O~bnya ^yH§$n :O~bnya ^yH§$n :
`mMm àË`` nwT>o 1997 _Üò Pmboë`m O~bnya ^yH§$nmdoir
Ambm. O~bnyaMm ^yH§$n bmVyaEdT>m _moR>m ZìhVm Var hmZr
_moR>çm à_mUmda Pmbr hmoVr.

41
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`©H$V} Ad¿`m ^maVâ {dIwabobo
AmhoV. AË`mYw{ZH$ gw{dYm§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Vo EH$_oH$m§À`m
g§nH$m©V AgVmV. Ë`m_wio O~bnyabm ^yH§$n Pmë`mZ§Va H$mhr
VmgmVM g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`©H$V}, nXm{YH$mar ^yH§$nJ«ñV ^mJmV
OmD$Z nmohmoMbo.
AmnËVrJ«ñVm§Zm _XVH$m`© nwa{dÊ`mMo H$m_ BWohr Iyn
ObXJVrZo gwê$ Ho$bo. nU Ë`m~amo~aM bmoH$m§_Üò {_giyZ,
Ë`m§À`mer g§dmX gmYUohr gwê$ Ho$bo. `mVyZM AmnËVrV
gmnS>boë`m bhmZ _wbm§Mr _m{hVr Jmoim H$aÊ`mg gwédmV
Ho$br. emim CX²ÜdñV Pmë`m AmhoV, Ë`m Jmdm§_Üò OmD$Z
_wbm§À`m nmbH$m§er, {ejH$m§er, ZmVodmB©H$m§er g§nH©$-g§dmX
gmYbo. AmnËVrJ«ñV _wbm§Mo e¡j{UH$ df© dm`m OmD$ Zò åhUyZ
Ë`m§Zm nwÊ`mbm nmR>{dÊ`mMr {dZ§Vr H$aÊ`mV Ambr. Vo V`ma
Pmë`mZ§Va EH§$XarV gd}jUmVyZ 50 _wbm§Mr {ZdS> nwÊ`m_Üò
dmñVì`mgmR>r d {ejUmgmR>r H$aÊ`mMo R>a{dbo d Ë`mà_mUo
Odinmg 50 _wbo O~bnyahÿZ nwÊ`mÀ`m WERC H$S>o admZm
Pmbo.
na§Vw O~bnyaÀ`m {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m AS>MUr doJù`m hmoË`m. {VWo
Ë`m§Mo {ejUmMo _mÜ`_ qhXr hmoVo Va nwÊ`mVrb _mÜ`_ _amR>r
òWrb Aä`mgH«$_, nmR>çnwñVHo$ doJir. Ë`m_wio òWrb
Aä`mgH«$_mV gm_mdyZ KoUo eŠ` ZìhVo. `m AS>MUrda _mV
H$aÊ`mgmR>r ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m lr. _wWm `m§Zr {ZU©`
KoVbm H$s, Ë`m§Zm qhXr _mÜ`_mÀ`m emioV àdoe KoD$Z Úm`Mm.
Ë`mà_mUo Ë`m§Mr òÊ`m-OmÊ`mMr gmo` ~gZo H$aÊ`mV Ambr.
VgoM dg{VJ¥hmVyZ {ZKVmZm OodUmMm S>~m, ZmñË`mMm S>~m
~amo~a {Xbm OmB©.

42
`m AZw^dmVyZ g§KQ>Zobm Iyn {eH$Ê`mg {_imbo, H$s
naamÁ`mVyZ Amnë`mBWo _wbo AmUVmZm Ë`m§À`m ImÊ`m-
{nÊ`mÀ`m AmdS>r, amhUr_mZmÀ`m nÕVr, _mV¥^mfm, {ejUmMo
_mÜ`_`mgd©Jmoï>tMmhrgmH$ë`mZo{dMmaPmbmnm{hOo.~hþVm§er
amÁ`mamÁ`m§_Üò ImÊ`mÀ`m ~m~VrV d¡{dÜ` AmT>iVo, _wbo ho
~XbnQ>H$ZñdrH$mê$eH$VZmhrV,Ë`m_wioË`m§ZmZdrZemioer
BWë`m dmVmdaUmer EH$ê$n ìhm`bm doi bmJVmo. nU `mhr
AZw^dmVyZ {eHy$Z nwT>o OmV, g§ñWoZo _wbm§Mo nXdrn`ªVMo {ejU
nma nmS>bo. AWm©V, AZw^d hr H$mhr ~mOmamV {dH$V {_iÊ`mMr
Jmoï>Zmhr!Ë`m_wio~è`m-dmB©Q>AZw^dm§VyZ{eH$VMnwT>MrAmìhmZo
ñdrH$maUoJaOoMoAgVo.
dmKmobr òWrb nwZd©gZ àH$ënmMr C^maUr åhUOo
AS>Wiçm§Mr, AmìhmZm§Mr e`©VM hmo`! `mMm nwZ:àË`` Oå_y
Am{U H$mí_ra_Üò, 2005 _Üò, ^yH§$n Pmbm Ë`mdoir Ambm.
na§Vw AmËVmn`ªVÀ`m àËòH$ H$m`m©_wio ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm
gd© àH$maMr AmìhmZo ñdrH$mam`bm V`ma hmoVr.
Oå_y-H$mí_ra_Üò ^yH§$n :Oå_y-H$mí_ra_Üò ^yH§$n :Oå_y-H$mí_ra_Üò ^yH§$n :Oå_y-H$mí_ra_Üò ^yH§$n :Oå_y-H$mí_ra_Üò ^yH§$n :
8Am°ŠQ>mo~a2005amoOrOå_yH$mí_ra_Üò7.6[aBQ>añHo$bMm
Vrd«^yH§$nPmbm.`m^yH§$nm_wio^maVdnm{H$ñVmZ_YrbAZoH$
Jmdo CX²ÜdñV Pmbr. 80 hOma bmoH$ _¥Ë`w_wIr nS>bo. 2 bmI
bmoH$ AYy-An§J Pmbo Va 4 bmIm§hÿZ A{YH$ ~oKa ~Zbo.
^maVmVrb nmoar, _wgâ$am~mX, ~mam_w„m, Car, V§JYma ho {Oëho
^yH§$nm_wio ~o{MamI Pmbo.
gJirH$S>À`memimCX²ÜdñVPmë`m.emim§~amo~aM_wbm§Mr_Zohr
CX²ÜdñVPmbr,{dIwabrJobr.nÎ`m§À`mKamà_mUoH$mogiUmè`m
B_maVrnmhÿZ_wbm§Mr_ZohrH$mogibr.

43
B_maVr H$mogië`m Va EH$doi naV ~m§YVm òVmV nU
H$mogibobr _Zo gmdaUo $ma $ma H$R>rU! `m _wbm§Zm
gmdaÊ`mgmR>r ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo H§$~a H$gbr.
n[apñWVr {Z`§ÌUmImbr AmUÊ`mgmR>r haVèhoMo à`ËZ,
{dMma{d{Z_` gwê$ Pmbo. hdm_mZ AË`§V à{VHy$b EH$sH$S>o
C§M S>m|Ja Va XþgarH$S>o Imob Xè`m. Aem n[apñWVrV VoWrb
emim§Mr nwZ~mªYUr H$aUo $ma H$R>rU hmoVo.
Oå_y-H$mí_ra gaH$ma d ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m dVrZo {ZU©`
KoÊ`mV Ambm H$s, òWrb _wbm§Mr admZJr nwÊ`mbm H$am`Mr
Am{U Ë`m§Mo nwT>rb {ejU gwê$ R>odm`Mo. O~bnyaÀ`m
_wbm§~m~VrVrb AZw^dmdê$Z _mÌ `mdoir R>a{dbo H$s, Oå_y-
H$mí_ra_Yrb _wbm§Mo VoWrb emioVrb àdoe aX²X H$am`Mo
ZmhrV. Ë`m_wio ~moS>©, Aä`mgH«$_ ~XbUma ZmhrV. `m _wbm§Zm
Ë`m§À`m _mV¥^mfoVyZM {ejU Xçm`Mo. Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§À`m~amo~a
CXÿ© {ejH$ nmR>{dÊ`mMo R>a{dÊ`mV Ambo.
_wbm§Mr{ZdS>H$aÊ`mgmR>r^maVrÒ¡Zg§KQ>ZoZoXhmgXñ`m§Mr
Q>r_ lrZJabm nmR>dbr. ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo amï´>r` goH«o$Q>ar
lr.àw$ëbnQ>ob`m§Zrembr_maòWoôQ>{Xbr.XhmgXñ`m§n¡H$s,
àËòH$s nmM nmM OU Hw±$ndmam d ~mam_wëbm {Oëhçmbm ôQ>
XoD$Z Ambo. `m gd© à`ËZmA§Vr AZmW _wbm§Mr, {ejH$m§Mr EH$
`mXr V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambr. hr `mXr KoD$Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`©H$V}
_w»`_§Ìr lr. Jwbm~ Zdr AmPmX `m§À`mH$S>o Jobo Am{U `m gd©
_wbm§Zm nwÊ`mbm nmR>{dÊ`mMo {ZpíMV Pmbo. `m _wbm§~amo~a
Xhm {ejH$ d ghm gmoeb dH©$g©Mmhr g_mdoe H$aÊ`mV Ambm.
e¡j{UH$ àH$ënmgmR>r {ZdS>bobo Oå_y H$mí_ra_Yrb {ejH$
1. lr. Ba$mH$ Ah_X 6. lr. _mohX² AÝda
2. lr. nraPmXm B{b`mg 7. lr. _mohå_X BŠ~mb bmoZ

44
3. lr. OmdoX Ah_X 8. lr. [a`mO hþg¡Z emh
4. lr. _mohX² a$s 9. lr. _wZra Jm¡hma
5. lr. H$m¢ga Ah_X 10. lr. _mohå_X B{b`mg
11 {S>g|~a 2005 amoOr Xhm ~gog lrZJa _YyZ
añVmdmhVwH$sX²dmao _wbm§Zm Oå_yn`ªV AmUÊ`mgmR>r V`ma
hmoË`m. lr_Vr gmo{Z`m Jm§Yr d lr. Jwbm_ Z~r AmPmX `m§À`m
CnpñWVrV ~gog²Zm {hadm P|S>m XmIdÊ`mV Ambm.
Oå_yZ§Va Pob_ EŠgàogZo _wbo nwÊ`mbm admZm Pmbr. nwÊ`mV
Ë`m§Mo ñdmJV Pmbo.
{Oëhmdma-dJ©dma H$mí_ra {dXçmÏ`mªMo _m{hVrnÌH$
©Jd
ohëO{
mamdn$wH
-mam~
mbëw_
d±mJaw~ aJZrl m_mdbwn JmZV§ZA brJam$H U$yHE
rd5 1 2 2 5
rd6 54 4 1 6 65
rd7 44 3 2 3 2 1 55
rd8 25 3 2 3 1 16
rd9 56 71 2 5 1 09
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rd21 01 5 1 61
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1 1 2
U$yHE 392 25 9 02 4 2 2 283

45
{Oëhmdma-dJ©dma Oå_y {dXçmÏ`mªMo _m{hVrnÌH$
Ë`m§À`mgmR>r doJio dJ©, H$nS>o, ImUo, amhUo gd© gmo` Ho$br.
Ë`m§À`m _mV¥^mfoVyZ {ejU XoÊ`mgmR>r CXÿ© {ejH$m§Mr Zo_UyH$
H$aÊ`mV Ambr. Ë`m_wio ^mfoMm àíZ {ZH$mbr {ZKmbm.
Aä`mgH«$_, nmR>çnwñVHo$ ~Xbbr ZmhrV.
BWo Ë`m§Zm emH$mhmar OodU {Xbo OmB©. AmVmn`ªVÀ`m ^maVr`
O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m AZw^dmVyZ ho {ZXe©Zmg Ambo H$s, naamÁ`mVyZ
_wbm§Zm BWo AmUyZ pñWañWmda H$aUo ho {OH$sarMo H$R>rU H$m_
AgVo. àË`oH$ amÁ`mVrb ImÊ`m-{nÊ`mÀ`m AmdS>r, gd`r,
doJdoJio AgVo H$s, AmYrM _mZ{gH$Ñï>çm IMboë`m
_wbm§gmR>r, Aem g§nyU© ZdrZ dmVmdaUmV {_gim`bm doi
bmJVmo. {edm` g§ñWobmhr Ë`m§À`màVr doJdoJio Cnm`, à`moJ
©Jd
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m>SomX
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U$yHE 66 42 32 11 4 821

46
H$amdo bmJVmV. `m _wbm§Zr {OëhçmMo {R>H$mU àW_M nm{hbo,
Va 90% nojm OmñV _wbm§Zr aoëdo n{hë`m§XmM nm{hbr. `m_Üò
Hw$ndmam {OëhçmVrb _wbo OmñVr à_mUmV hmoVr, Ë`m§À`m
KaÀ`m§Mm Ë`m§Zm EdT>çm Xÿa nmR>{dÊ`mgmR>r àW_ {damoY hmoVm,
nU Z§Va Vmo _mdibm.
emioV XmIb Pmë`mZ§Va _wbm§Mo Am`S>|Q>rQ>r H$mS>© V`ma Ho$bo,
$moQ>mo H$mT>bo, Amamo½` VnmgUr Ho$br, {d_m CVa{dbm. `mVrb
~hþVm§er _wbo 5 Vo 10 qH$dm 11 dr, 12 drVrb hmoVo. H$mhtMo d`
12 dr nojmhr OmñV hmoVo. Aem§Zm _mÌ naV nmR>{dÊ`mV Ambo.
H$maU g§ñWoV $ŠV 12 dr n`ªVÀ`mM _wbm§Zm àdoe XoUo
~§YZH$maH$ hmoVo.
`m _wbm§Zm BWo Oar emH$mhmar OodUmMr gŠVr hmoVr Var Ë`m§À`m
Z_mOMr _mÌ doJir gmo` dg{VJ¥hmV Ho$br hmoVr. VgoM
R>am{dH$ {Xder _{eX_Üò OmÊ`mMr nadmZJrhr hmoVr. Ë`m§Mo
B©X, _moha_ gmaIo gU gd© {_iyZ g§ñWoV gmOao Ho$bo OmV.
`m gd© ì`dñWoZ§Vahr _wbm§À`m ~m~VrVrb EH$ _hÎdmMm àíZ
AOyZhr AZwËVarV hmoVmo Vmo åhUOo gm`H$m¡bm°{OH$b
H$mD$ÝgoqbJ. Ë`m§Zm _mZ{gH$ YŠŠ`mVyZ gmdaUo gmono Omdo d
e¡j{UH${dH$mgm~amo~aM_mZ{gH$nwZd©gZhrbdH$ad`mo½`
arVrZo ìhmdo `mgmR>r _hmamï´> BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ> Am°$ _|Q>b Q>oÝg d
{S>nmQ>©_|Q> Am°$ gm`H$m°bm°Or ~r.Oo. _o{S>H$b H$m°boO, nwUo
`m§À`m~amo~a H$ama H$aÊ`mV Ambm.
Ë`mà_mUo gm¡. AbH$m ndma, lr. H$_bm_ d lr. E_. ZmamÙ
`m§Zr dmKmobrÀ`m e¡j{UH$ nwZ{d©H$mg H|$Ðmbm ôQ> {Xbr. _wbm§er
ì`pŠVJVarË`m g§dmX gmYbm. Ë`m§Mo àíZ, AS>MUr g_OmdyZ
KoVë`m. Ë`m§À`m _Zmbm C^mar {Xbr. nU Ë`mVyZhr Á`m§Zm

47
A{YH$ H$mCÝgoqbJMr JaO Amho, Aem 40 EH$ _wbm§Mr {ZdS>
H$aÊ`mV Ambr. d Ë`m§Zm {deof gmhmæ` Ho$bo.
`m{edm`H|$ÐmV`m_wbm§MrH$bMmMUrKoÊ`mVAmbr,`moJm,ì`pŠV_Îd
{dH$mg {e{~ao am~{dÊ`mV Ambr. _wbm§Zm KaMr AmR>dU Zmhr
Ambr nm{hOo, `màH$mao Ë`m§Mo _Z emioV BVa A°pŠQ>pìh{Q>O_Üò
a_ob`mMrdoimodoirXjVmKoÊ`mVAmbr.
df©âmMo doimnÌH$ AJXr âJÀM Ago embo`
{ejUm~amo~aM, Ioim§_Üò d¡{dÜ`nyU© àH$ma, dŠV¥Ëd ñnYm©,
ñnYm©narjm, ì`pŠVJV {dH$mg {e{~am§_Üò _wbm§Mm doi {ZKyZ
OmB©. Ë`m§À`m narjm {VH$S>o o$~«wdmar_Üò AgV. Ë`m_wio
narjoÀ`m doir gdmªZm Ë`m§À`m amÁ`m§V nmR>{dbo OmB© d gwÅ>r
g§nbr H$s naV BH$S>o. hm gd© IM© g§KQ>ZoMm Ago.
H$mhr doim àdmgm_wio, hdm_mZ ~Xbm_wio _wbo AmOmar nS>V.
Ë`m_wio ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo {gÕmW© hm°pñnQ>ber gm_§Oñ`
H$ama Ho$bm. dg{VJ¥hmVrb _wbm§Mr AmOmanUmV XoI^mb
H$aÊ`mgmR>r E_.~r.~r.Eg. S>m°ŠQ>a d Zg}gMr Zo_UyH$ Ho$br.
BWo _wbm§Mr gd© àH$mao $ma H$miOr KoVbr OmB©. Ago AgyZhr
Oå_y H$mí_ra_Yrb AemgH$s` g§ñWm§Zr _wbm§Zm amÁ`m~mhoa
^yH§$n pñWVrbm Vm|S
AmnËVrJ«ñV _wbo
_mZ{gH$ nwZd©gZmgmR>r à`ËZ
nwZd©gZpñWVr
nyd©nXmda
òÊ`mMr pñWVr

48
nmR>{dÊ`mg gŠV {damoY Ho$bm. EdT>oM Zmhr Va, amÁ` gaH$ma
d ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m {déÕ hm`H$moQ>m©V [aQ> {nQ>reZ
XmIbHo$bo.Iyn{damoYHo$bm.àgma_mÜ`_odnonadmë`m§Zr{_iyZ
H$m§Jmdm H$aÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$br H$s _wbm§Mo ñ_JqbJ hmoV Amho.
{_iob Vr _m{hVr N>mnÊ`mg Ambr.
Iao Va, hm $ŠV {damoYmgmR>r {damoY hmoVm. VÏ` H$mhrM ZìhVo!
_wbm§Zm~rOoEg_m©$VOå_y-H$mí_rabmnarjogmR>rnmR>{dë`mZ§Va
gaH$maZo_wbm§ZmnaV~rOoEg~amo~anmR>{dboZmhr.H$maUHo$gMm
{ZH$mb ~rOoEgÀ`m ~mOyZo bmJbm Zmhr.
nd©Vmbm D$Z, dmè`mbm Km~ê$Z MmbV Zmhr! dmXimÀ`m
VS>m»`m§Zr {dM{bV hmoD$Z MmbV Zmhr! nmdgmMo T>J AS>dyZ
nmdgmbm A§JmIm§Xçmda Ioi{dÊ`mMo {ZË`mMo H$V©ì` Ë`mbm
MwH$dm`Mo ZgVo! H$V©ì` Am{U ^mdZm§À`m g§Kfm©V H$_©H$V©ì`
OmUUmao H$V©ì`mbmM OmñV _hÎd XoVmV!
dmKmobr e¡j{UH$ nwZ{d©H$mg H|$ÐmMo è :dmKmobr e¡j{UH$ nwZ{d©H$mg H|$ÐmMo è :dmKmobr e¡j{UH$ nwZ{d©H$mg H|$ÐmMo è :dmKmobr e¡j{UH$ nwZ{d©H$mg H|$ÐmMo è :dmKmobr e¡j{UH$ nwZ{d©H$mg H|$ÐmMo è :
dmKmobr e¡j{UH$ nwZd©gZ àH$ën H|$ÐmVrb emim H$m°boO_Üò
_wbm§Zm XoIrb àdoe {Xbm OmVmo. Ë`m_wio AmnËVrJ«ñV _wbm§Mo
{ejU`m_wbm§~amo~ahmoVAgVo.àW_nmgyZMgd©_wboKaJwVr
dmVmdaUmV amhVmV. ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm `m gdmªÀ`m
amhÊ`mMm, e¡j{UH$ gm{hË`mMm, ImÊ`mMm, H$nS>çmbË`m§Mm
IM© CMbVo.
_wbm§À`m nmbH$m§H$Sy>Z EH$ én`mMohr S>moZoeZ KoVbo OmV Zmhr.
{ejUm~amo~aM gdmªJrU {dH$mg, àJVr, ì`mdgm{`H$
à{ejUmMr g§Yr {_imë`m_wio _wbo {Z{^©S>, H$UIa ~ZVmV.
gdmªV _hÎdmMo åhUOo ^`mZH$ AmnÎmrÀ`m _mZ{gH$
YŠŠ`mVyZ BWo Amë`mZ§Va Vo ~mdaVmV. Ë`m§Zm ào_mZo, _mòZo
BWo Amnbogo Ho$bo OmVo. hoM `m àH$ënmMo gdmªV _moR>o è Amho.

49
Am{U `m èmMr nVmH$m KoD$ZM Vo Amnë`m Jmdr, {VWbr
gwYmaUm {dH$mg KS>{dÊ`mgmR>r naVVmV.
dmKmobre¡j{UH$dnwZd©gZH|$ÐmbmAmVmn`ªV_hÎdmÀ`mì`ŠVtZr
ôQ> {Xbr Amho, nmhUr Ho$br Amho. òWrb {Z`moOZ, {ejUmMr
nÕV, H$m_H$mOnÕV g_OyZ KoVbr Amho. ^yVnyd© amï´>nVr S>m°.
E.nr.Oo. AãXþb H$bm_ àH$ën nmhÿZ BVHo$ ^mamdbo H$s, Ë`m§Zr
`m{R>H$mUr ñdV:À`m ImË`mVrb MoH$ _XV åhUyZ {Xbm.
_mOr n§VàYmZ nr.ìhr. Zaqghamd, lr. ìhr.nr.qgJ, lr. Om°O©
$ZmªS>rg, lr_Vr gmo{Z`m Jm§Yr `m gdmªZr ^maVr` O¡Z
g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`m©Mo â^ê$Z H$m¡VwH$ Ho$bo Amho. Ë`mMà_mUo
lr. AQ>b{~hmar dmOno`r, _mOr bmoH$g^m AÜ`j {edamO
nmQ>rb, lr. OZmX©Z aoS²>S>r, draßnm _moB©br `m§Zr doimodoir
g§KQ>ZoÀ`m e¡j{UH$ H$m`m©Mr àe§gm Ho$br Amho.
lr. {edamO nmQ>rb qnnar òWrb emioÀ`m àW_ dYm©nZ{XZr
CnpñWV hmoVo. Va lr. eaX ndma `m§Mo àH$ën C^maUrÀ`m
àËòH$ Q>ßß`mda, àËòH$ diUmda doimodoir ghH$m`©, _mJ©Xe©Z
am{hbo Amho. Ë`m§Zr g§KQ>ZoÀ`m gm_m{OH$ H$m`m©gmR>r doJir
B_maV Agmdr Ago gy{MV Ho$bo.
_hmamï´> amÁ`mMo _w»` g{Md lr. {XZoe A$PbnyaH$a `m§Zr
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m e¡j{UH$ nwZd©gZ H|$Ðmbm ôQ>
{Xë`mZ§Va ^mdmoX²Jma H$mT>bo H$s, “AemgH$s` g§ñWm
gm_m{OH$, e¡j{UH$ Am{U nwZd©gZ joÌmV emgZmnojm {H$Vr
AdmT>ì` H$m`© H$ê$ eH$VmV, ho `m ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m
H$m`m©dê$Z bjmV òVo.’’ _mOr {ZdS>UyH$ Am`wŠV lr. Q>r.EZ².
eofZ `m§Zr dmKmobr òWo ôQ> {Xbr d Amnë`m _mVmolr
grVmbú_tÀ`m ñ_¥Vr{àË`W© Xadfu AmXe© {dXçmÏ`mªgmR>r énò
XmoZ hOmamMo nm[aVmo{fH$ Omhra Ho$bo.
AmOMr bhmZ _wbo hm CXçmMm ^maVmMm ^{dî`H$mi Amho.
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo _hmamï´>, O~bnya, Oå_y-H$mí_ra_Yrb

50
AmnËVrJ«ñV bhmZ _wbm§Zm e¡j{UH$ gw{dYm XoD$Z, Ë`m§Mo
_mZ{gH$ nwZd©gZ H$ê$Z CÁÁdb ^{dVì`mMm _mJ© XmIdbm,
Ë`m§À`mOrdZmbm{Xem{Xbr.hrM{nT>rCXçmAmnë`m~m§>Ydm§Mo,
g_mOmMo, ^maVmMo ^{dî` CÁÁdb H$aUma Amho! dmKmobr
e¡j{UH$ d nwZ{d©H$mg H|$ÐmÀ`m C^maUrMo g§nyU© `e `m
{nT>çm§À`m Xo{Xß`_mZ d CÁÁdb H$ma{H$XuV gm_mdbo Jobo Amho!

51
5. _oiKmQ>Mo Hw$nmofUmbm gm_moao OmVmZm5. _oiKmQ>Mo Hw$nmofUmbm gm_moao OmVmZm5. _oiKmQ>Mo Hw$nmofUmbm gm_moao OmVmZm5. _oiKmQ>Mo Hw$nmofUmbm gm_moao OmVmZm5. _oiKmQ>Mo Hw$nmofUmbm gm_moao OmVmZm
dmKmobr òWrb WERC àH$ënmbm àË`j ôQ> {Xë`mda VoWrb
_wbm§_Üò àH$fm©Zo OmUdUmar Jmoï> hmoVr Vr åhUOo
AmË_{dídmg d {Z{^©S>Vm. gwQ>rMm {Xdg hmoVm, Ë`m_wio _wbm§er
N>mZn¡H$s ~mobm`bm {_imbo.
Ë`m§Zm {dMmabo H$moRy>Z AmbmV? Jmd H$moUVo Vw_Mo? Va H$moUmMo
CËVa hmoVo hram, H$moUmMo JmobIoS>m, H$moUr nmWanyaMo Va H$moUr
amohUrIoS>çmMo.
“BWo Vwåhm§bm H$m` H$m` AmdS>Vo?’’-_r.
“Amåhm§bm BWbo OodU AmdS>Vo, {ejH$ N>mZ AmhoV. Ioim`bm
Iyn {_iVo.’’-_wbo.
nU gdmªMo EH$ CËVa _mÌ gmaIo hmoVo. Vo åhUOo “BWbrAg|ãbr
Amåhm§bm Iyn AmdS>Vo.’’- _wbo.
“H$m?’’-_r.
“H$maU Ë`m_Üò Am_Mr H$bm, dŠV¥Ëd, H${dVm, Ioi Ago
{d{dY JwUm§Zm gmXa H$aÊ`mMr amoO g§Yr {_iVo.’’
“{H$Vr dmOVm AgVo Ag|ãbr’’-_r,
“amoO g§Ü`mH$mir 6 Vo 7 AgVo.’’-_wbo.
“{XdgâmMo {Z`moOZ H$go AgVo?’’- _r,

52
“nhmQ>o 5 dm. CRy>Z, Amdê$Z, àmW©ZogmR>r hOa amhmdo bmJVo.
Ë`mZ§Va ì`m`m_, XÿY-Zmï>m KoD$Z emioV Om`Mo. _Yë`m doir
OodU,emimgwQ>ë`mZ§VaXmoZVmgAä`mg,Zmï>m-XÿY.WmoS>mdoi
Ioi, _J Ag|ãbr. amÌrMo OodU, Aä`mg d Pmon.’’-_wbo
`m _wbm§~amo~a Aem N>mZem Jßnm _marV Amåhrhr {VWbo M{dï>
OodU KoV hmoVmo. ñd`§nmH$KamVrb ñdÀN>Vm, YmÝ`mMr, S>mitMr,
H$S>YmÝ`m§Mr àV CËV_ Va hmoVrM, nU ñdÀN>Vmhr. Iyn _wbo
{eñVrV òD$Z OodU ñdV:À`m hmVmZo KoV hmoVr.
“AmB©d{S>bm§Mr AmR>dU òVo H$m§?’’-_r.
“hmo, H$YrH$Yr. nU Amåhm§bm g§ñWoMo {ejH$ _moR>çm åhUOo
{XdmirÀ`m/ CÝhmiçmÀ`m gwQ²>Q>çm§_Üò Kar KoD$Z OmVmV Am{U
naV AmUm`bm òVmV.’’-_wbo.
dmKmobrÀ`m WERC àH$ënm_Üò _wbm§À`m {ejUm~amo~aM
gdmªJrU {dH$mghr Ho$bm OmVmo. _wbm§À`m AmË_{dídmgmMm
àË`` Amåhr {ZKVmZm Ambm. Amåhr Ogo Ë`m§Zm àíZ {dMmabo,
VgoM Ë`m§Zrhr Amåhm§bm {dMmabo H$s, “Vwåhr H$moU AmhmV?
H$emgmR>r BWo AmbmV? H$m` H$aVm? dJ¡ao.’’
ho EoHy$Z Va IamoIar H$m¡VwH${_{lV AmZ§XmZo Amåhr ^mamdyZ
Jobmo. Bdë`m§em amonQ>çmbm `mo½` hdm, nmUr, IV {_imbo H$s
Vo H$go Q>dQ>drV, VmOoVdmZo amhÿZ w$bV OmVo! gdmªMo bj Va
doYyZ KoVoM nU _Zmbm Cëhm{gV H$aVo! `mMmM àË`` _r
AZw^drV hmoVo.
_wbm§Mm AmVmMm gdmªJrU {dH$mg d àJVr nmhÿZ _Z 97
gmbm_Üò a_bo.
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoV}$ BWo AmUÊ`mV Ambobr _wbo _oiKmQ>
n[agamVrb AmhoV. AmVmn`ªV gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh VgoM
_amR>dmS>çmVrb ^yH§$nJ«ñVm§À`m _wbm§À`m e¡j{UH$ nwZd©gZmMo

53
H$m`© hmVr KoVboë`m ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo _oiKmQ> n[agamVrb
Hw$nmofUJ«ñV ^mJmVrb VrZeoAÇ>mdrg _wbm§À`m g§nyU© e¡j{UH$
O~m~XmarMm _hÎdm§H$mjr CnH«$_ hmVr KoVbm.
_oiKmQ> ho gmVnwS>m nd©Vam§Jo_Üò dgbobo A_amdVrÀ`m
CËVaoH$S>Mo Jmd Amho. BWbo Am{Xdmgr àm_w»`mZo H$moaHy$
O_mVrMo AmhoV. _wbm§À`m Hw$nmofU g_ñò~m~V _oiKmQ> gdmªZm
n[a{MV Amho. nU Ë`mhr nbrH$S>Mr AmoiI åhUOo _oiKmQ>bm
^maVmMo gmo_m{b`m åhQ>bo OmVo. `m n[agamV Am{XdmgtÀ`m
Hw$nmofUmMr g_ñ`m Xadfu CX²^dVo, åhUyZ g§KQ>ZoÀ`m
H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr `m ^mJmMm àË`j Aä`mg Ho$bm.
`mgmR>r gd©àW_ ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm d H$ñVwa~m Jm§Yr Q´>ñQ>Zo
EH$Ì òD$Z Am{XdmgtMo EH$ gå_obZ âdbo. Ë`m_Üò Ë`m§Zr
~mb{ddmh nÕVrbm Amim KmbÊ`mgmR>r gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmhmMo
Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mMo R>adbo, nU EH$m AQ>rda, _wbrMo d` AR>am
dfmªnojm OmñV Va _wbmMo d` EH$drg dfmªnojm OmñV hdo.
gm_wXm{`H$ {ddmh gmohiçmMo Am`moOZ, nmbH$m§Mo g§_obZ d
Aä`mg Xm¡am `mÛmao Hw$nmofU g_ñò{déÕ g§KQ>ZoZo EH$
MidiMgwê$Ho$br.Aä`mgXm¡amdoJdoJiçmJmdm§_ÜòOmD$Z
nma nmS>bm. Ë`m_Üò ~arM H$maUo XS>bobr Ë`m§Zm OmUdbo.
g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr Vo åhUOo n[agamV Agbobr AË`§V
J[a~r, A{e{jVnUm, AñdÀN>Vm, ~mb{ddmh, A§YlÕm,
ì`gZmYrZVm Am{U Hw$Qw>§~{Z`moOZmMm A^md.
na§namJV d dfm©Zwdf} hr O_mV nmS>çm§da, Xm[aÐçmV {IVnV
nS>bobr Amho. ~mhç {dH${gV OJmer `m§Mm XþamÝd`mZohr H$Yr
g§~§Y Ambm Zmhr. Ë`m_wio AmYw{ZH$Vm, {dH$mg, àJVr, {ejU,
Amamo½` `m Jmoï>r Ë`m§À`m Jmdrhr ZmhrV. {dH${gV OJmÀ`m
àdmhmV gm_rb hmoÊ`mMr Ë`m§Zm H$YrM g§Yr {_imbr Zmhr,

54
XþîH$mir, XþJ©_ ^mJmVrb, S>m|Ja n[agamVrb Ë`m§Mo {OUo
Ë`m_wio A{Ve` A{dH${gV, gm_m{OH$, e¡j{UH$Ñï>çm
_mJmgbobo d na§namJV ê$T>r-nam§nam, A§YlÕm§_ÜòM {IVnV
nS>bo hmoVo. Ë`m_wio Xadfu gmYmaUV: EH$ hOma _wbm§Mm _¥Ë`y
Hw$nmofUm_wio hmoVmo.
`m n[apñWVrMm g§nyU© Aä`mg Ho$ë`mZ§Va g§KQ>ZoZo KoVbobm
{ZU©` hm IamoIarM Iyn doJim d AmXe© {Z_m©U H$aUmam
R>abm. Ë`m§Zr R>a{dbo H$s, BWo ZwgVo n¡go, JaOy gm{hË` qH$dm
{Zdmam XoD$Z MmbUma Zmhr Va XrK©H$mimgmR>r gwgyÌ YmoaU
Adb§{~Ê`mMr JaO Amho. g§nyU© n[apñWVr_Üò _yb^yV
n[adV©Z KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMr {ZH$S> gdmªZm OmUdy bmJbr.
_yb^yV {ejU hmM Hw$nmofUmÀ`m g_ñòMm Cnm` Agë`mZo
_yb^yV d XO}Xma {ejUmgmR>r ârd H$m_{Jar H$aÊ`mMo
R>a{dÊ`mV Ambo. àË`j nmhUr_Üò g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm
Ago AmT>ibo H$s, òWrb emim§Mr XþamdñWm Pmbobr Amho, YmaUr
VmbwŠ`mVrb Va emim nmdgmù`m_Üò ~§XM R>odë`m OmVmV.
EdT>r `m emim§À`m B_maVtMr dmB©Q> pñWVr Amho.
KamnmgyZ Xÿa AgUmè`m emim, añË`m§Mr XþamdñWm, dfm©Zwdf}
emioÀ`mB_maVtMrXoI^mbXþéñVrZmhr,Ë`m_wio`mM^mJmV
CËV_ {ejU XoÊ`mMr ì`dñWm H$aUo $ma {OH$sarMo H$m_
hmoVo. òWrb gm_m{OH$ pñWVr, amhUr_mZ, A§YlÕm, Xm[aÐç
`m gJù`m_wio {ejUmÀ`m XOm©da {dnarV n[aUm_ hmoV hmoVm.
Ë`m_wio {dH${gV ^mJmVrb {ejUmMm XOm©, {dMmam§Mr nÕVr,
ì`pŠV_Îd {dH$mg `m gd© Jmoï>tnmgyZ hr _wbo H$m`_Mr d§{MV
am{hbr AmhoV. nU hoM Oa {dH${gV ^mJmVrb JwUdËVoÀ`m
XOm©Zwgma {ejUmMr g§Yr `m _wbm§Zm {_imbr, Va hr _wbo
à{V^mdmZ, {e{jV Va hmoVrbM nU nwÝhm Amnë`m n[agam_Üò

55
òD$Z òWrb ~m§Ydm§À`m, ZmVodmB©H$m§À`m OrdZmV, AmMma-
{dMma,amhUr_mZmV_yb^yV~XbKS>dVrb.hmAmemdmX_ZmV
~miJyZ g§KQ>ZoÀ`m lr. em§Vrbmb _wWm `m§Zr _wbm§Mo e¡j{UH$
nwZd©gZH$aÊ`mMmYmS>gr{ZU©`KoVbm.
_wbm§Zm ~mhoaÀ`m OJmMo kmZ ìhmdo, ~mhç {dH${gV ^mJmVrb
KS>m_moS>tMo AmH$bZ ìhmdo hm CÔoe àm_w»`mZo e¡j{UH$ nwZd©gZ
àH$ënmMr AmIUr H$aVmZm R>adbm. JwUdËVm, H$m¡eë`dmT>rMo
{ejU, Ë`m§À`m _yi g§ñH¥$Vrbm YŠH$m Z bmdVm Ë`m§À`m
{dMmanÕVr_Üò ~Xb KS>dyZ AmUUo, $ŠV nmR>çnwñVH$s
{ejUmMr gmo` Z H$aVm Ë`m§À`mda `mo½` nÕVrMo g§ñH$ma
H$go éO{dbo OmVrb, ì`dgm`m{^_wI à{ejU, CÀM {ejU
`m§H$S>o Ë`m§Mm H$b dmT>{dUo Am{U EH§$XarVM Ë`m§À`m CÁÁdb
^{dVì`mgmR>rMr nm`mâUr H$aUo `m C{Ôï>m§Zr e¡j{UH$
nwZd©gZ àH$ënmMr AmIUr H$aÊ`mV Ambr. Ë`mgmR>r ^maVr`
O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo `m _wbm§À`m AÝZ, dó, {Zdmam, Amamo½`,
e¡j{UH$ gm{hË` `m gd© _yb^yV Jmoï>tMr nwT>rb Xhm dfmªn`ªV
åhUOo _wbm§À`m nXdrn`ªVÀ`m {ejUmMr H$miOr KoÊ`mMo
R>a{dbo.
{Xì`mMr EH$ Á`moV g^modVmbMm A§Yma Zï> H$am`bm _XV
H$aVo, Á`moVrZo Á`moV noQ>dbr Va Ag§»` {XnÁ`moVr AdKm
Amg_§V COiyZ Q>mH$VmV, àH$me_` H$aVmV.
e¡j{UH$ nwZd©gZ àH$ënmMm YmS>gr {ZU©` KoD$Z
_oiKmQ>gma»`m Hw$nmofUJ«ñV ^mJmVrb A§YH$ma_` OrdZmV
{Xì`mZo {Xdm noQ>dyZ Amg_§V àH$me_` H$aÊ`mMr {H$_`m
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo Ho$br. Ë`mgmR>r Ëd[aV A§_b~OmdUrbm
gwédmV H$aÊ`mV Ambr.

56
_mM© _{hÝ`mV _hmamï´>mÀ`m gd© ^mJmVrb 48 d¥ËVnÌm§_Üò
_moR>çm _WiçmÀ`m Om{hamVr XoD$Z Aem _wbm§Mo AO©
_mJ{dÊ`mV Ambo. na§Vw `m _mÜ`_mVyZ {deof à{VgmX {_imbm
Zmhr. åhUyZ g§KQ>ZoZo Jmdm-Jmdm_Üò nmohmoMÊ`mMm YS>H$
H$m`©H«$_ hmVr KoVbm. lr. ho_§V ZhmQ>m `m§À`m ZoV¥ËdmImbr
^maVrÒ¡Zg§KQ>ZoÀ`mghmdoJdoJù`mVwH$S>çm{Z_m©UH$aÊ`mV
Amë`m. Ë`m§Zr VrZ doim {Oëhçm§Mo Xm¡ao Ho$bo. _hmamï´>mVrb gd©
{OëhçmVrb _w»`mÜ`mnH$, {Oëhm n[afXoMo _w»` H$m`©H$mar
A{YH$mar,AZoH$gan§M,AmXe©JmdmVrbH$m`©H$V},doJdoJù`m
ñd`§godr g§ñWm `m§Zm nÌo {bhÿZ `m H$m_r ghH$m`© H$aÊ`mMo
AmdmhZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. VrZ _{hÝ`mn`ªV ho n[al_ gmVË`mZo
H$ê$Z Á`m _wbm§Mo AO© _mJ{dbo. Ë`m§À`m Ë`m Ë`m {Oëhçm§_Üò
OmD$Z _wbmIVr KoÊ`mV Amë`m. nmbH$m§er g§dmX gmYyZ Ë`m§Zm
Amnbr ^y{_H$m g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr g_OmdyZ gm§{JVbr.
`mnmbH$m§erg§dmXgmYÊ`mgmR>r{Oëhm{YH$marem_bmbJmo`b,
àH$ën A{YH$mar JaS>, H$ñVwa~m Jm§Yr Q´>ñQ>, Am_Xma nQ>ë`m
JwéOr `m gdmªZr _mobmMo ghH$m`© Ho$bo. EdT>çm Xÿa _wbm§Zm
nmR>{dÊ`mgmR>r Voìhm Va nmbH$ V`ma ZìhVo, hiyhiy V`ma hmoV
Jobo.
g§KQ>ZoZo _wbm§Mr {ZdS> H$aVmZm H$mhr {ZH$f bmdbo hmoVo.
`m_Üò VrZ qH$dm Mma _wbo àËòH$ JmdmVyZ d Á`m _wbm§Zm
emioV OmÊ`mgmR>r Xÿan`ªV nm`r Omdo bmJVo, Aem§Mr _w»`V:
{ZdS> H$aÊ`mV Ambr.
EHy$U VrZeoAÇ>mdrg _wbm§Mr {ZdS> n{hë`m dfu H$aÊ`mV Ambr
d {nT>çmZ²{nT>çm Xm[aÐç, AkmZ Am{U A§YlÕoÀ`m H$mimoImV
{IVnV nS>boë`m `m ~mbH$m§Zm H«$m§{V{XZmÀ`m ndm©da amÁ`mMr

57
gm§ñH¥${VH$ amOYmZr Agboë`m nwUo ZJarH$S>o admZm
H$aÊ`mgmR>r gÁO H$aÊ`mV Ambo.
`mdoirlr.em§Vrbmb_wWm`m§Zr_wbm§Zm{ZamonXoÊ`mgmR>rAmboë`m
nmbH$m§g_moa d ZmVodmB©H$m§g_moa ^mdmoX²Jma H$mT>bo H$s, “_r `m
_wbm§Mm AmVm {nVm Amho, `m§Mr g§nyU© O~m~Xmar AmVm _mÂ`mda
AgyZ Ë`m§Zm nyU©nUo CÀM{e{jV H$ê$Z _r _oiKmQ>À`m
{dH$mgmgmR>rnmR>drZ.Ë`mgmo~VMnwÊ`mÀ`mdmVmdaUmVË`m§Mr
H$moaHw$ g§ñH¥$Vr hady XoUma Zmhr.’’ nwUo òWo {ejUmgmR>r admZm
hmoV Agboë`m _wbm§Zm Hw§$H$dmMm {Q>im bmdyZ d Xhr gmIa ImD$
KmbyZ,nma§n[aH$Am{XdmgrZ¥Ë`mÀ`mgmWrV{ZamonXoÊ`mVAmbm.
gmV dmVmZwHy${bV ~g_Üò ~gyZ hr _wbo Amnë`m _mVm{nË`mMm
Amerdm©X KoV nwÊ`mH$[aVm admZm Pmbr.
nwÊ`mV Amë`mZ§Va `m _wbm§À`m dmñVì`mMr gmo` qnnar-
qMMdS>_Yrb g§KQ>ZoÀ`m dg{VJ¥hmV H$aÊ`mV Ambr.
dmKmobr òWrb ZdrZ dmñVyMo ~m§YH$m_ nyU© Pmë`mZ§Va, H$mhr
_{hÝ`m§VM _wbm§Mr amhÊ`mMr, ImÊ`m{nÊ`mMr d emioMr gmo`
dmKmobr òWrb àeñV H±$ng²_Üò H$aÊ`mV Ambr.
AmVm `m emio_Üò _wbo a_yZ Jobr AmhoV. òWrb dmVmdaU
AJXr KaÀ`mgmaIo Amho, Ë`m_wio _wbm§_Üò _moH$ionUm Ambm
Amho. nU gwédmVrÀ`m {Xdgm§_Üò _mÌ `m _wbm§Zm V`ma H$aUo
$ma {OH$sarMo hmoVo.
lr. AemoH$ ndma gam§gma»`m _mòÀ`m, ào_i dmJÊ`mZo
_wbm§_Ybm ~wOaonUm Zï> Pmbm. òWo Ë`m§Zm _amR>r, qhXr,
B§p½be ~amo~aM H$moaHy$ ^mfmhr {eH$dbr OmD$ bmJbr.
Ë`m§À`mer ì`pŠVJVarË`m ndmagam§Zr g§dmX gmYyZ ~mobVo
Ho$bo, Ë`m§À`m BWë`m AS>MUr g_OyZ KoVë`m. dmVmdaUmV
{_giVmZm dmQ>Umam g§H$moM Kmbdbm. AmË_{dídmg, {OX²X,

58
{Z^©`Vm, {ejUmMo _hÎd Ë`m§À`m _Zmda q~~dbo. nma§n[aH$
A{Zï> ê$T>r, na§nam§Mm, A§YlÕm§Mm Ë`m§À`mda AgUmam nJS>m
KmbdÊ`mgmR>r ga doimodoir Ë`m§À`mer g§dmX gmYV am{hbo, nU
hoH$m`©dmQ>Vo{VVHo$gmono_wirMZìhVo.dfm©Zwdf}_w»`àdmhmnmgyZ
doJionS>boë`m,{dH$mgmnmgyZ,àJVrnmgyZd§{MVAgboë`mEH$m
{d{eï> O_mVrbm Ë`m§À`m H$bmZo KoV _w»` àdmhmV gm_rb
H$ê$Z KoUo ho A{Ve` H$R>rU d {OH$sarMo H$m`© hmoVo.
Ë`m§Mr g§ñH¥$Vr, ^mfm, Ym{_©H$ ê$T>r `m BVam§nojm doJiçm AmhoV
Am{U Vo Amnbr g§ñH¥$Vr qH$dm ê$T>r na§naoVyZ ~mhoa nS>m`bm
ghOmghOr V`ma hmoV ZmhrV. Am{Xdmgtda g_mOmH$Sy>Z
gmVË`mZo AÝ`m` hmoV Amë`mZo Ë`m§À`m _ZmV EH$
Agwa{jVVoMr ^mdZm H$m`_ XS>bobr AgVo. Ë`mVM
Am{XdmgtÀ`m g_ñ`m gmoS>{dÊ`mgmR>r AZoH$ `moOZm§Mr d Ë`m
am~{dUmè`m bmImo bmoH$m§Mr Zm|XUr gaH$ma Xáar O_m Amho!
`mMm n[aUm_ Agm Pmbm Amho H$s, Iè`m AWm©Zo, Vi_irZo,
àm_m{UH$nUo H$m`© H$aUmè`m§H$S>ohr bmoH$ gme§H$ ZOaoZo nmhÿ
bmJbo AmhoV! Ë`m_wio àH$ën C^maUrZ§VaMm gwédmVrMm H$mi
hm Am{XdmgtMm, bmoH$m§Mm, g_mOmMm, gaH$maMm {dídmg
g§nmXZ H$aÊ`mV Jobm. àË`jmVrb H$m`m©Mo $i òB©n`ªVMm
H$mi ZŠH$sM H$R>rU hmoVm!
nmdgmÀ`m nmÊ`mbm gwédmVrbm S>m|JaXè`mVyZ, O§JbdmQ>m§VyZ,
XJS>m-H$mQ>çmHw$Q>çm§VyZM diUo KoV dmhmV amhmdo bmJVo,
àdmhmÀ`m AWH$ àdmhrnUmZ§VaM nwT>o {demb ZXr ê$n gmH$mê$
bmJVo. àdmhmbm _mJo diyZ MmbV Zmhr Va gVV àdmhr
amhÊ`mgmR>r _Zhr {hå_V~§X Agmdo bmJVo!
_wbm§À`m _Zm_Üò n[adV©Z KSy>Z òD$ bmJbo, VgVgo Vo BWë`m
{ejUm_Üò ag KoD$ bmJbo. hr _wbo _yiMr {MdQ>, Mni

59
AgVmV. Ioim§_Üò Va Vo {deof àm{dÊ` XmI{dVmVM nU
~hþVm§er EH$nmR>r AmhoV. {dbjU ~w{Õ_ËVoMr XoUJr H$mhtZm
Amho.VaH$mhr_wbm§_ÜòCnOVM$magw§XaH$bmAmhoV.{MÌH$bm,
g§JrV `mV Vo Ë`m§Zm {deof JVr Amho.
nU Am{Xdmgr ^mJmV am{hë`mZo {ejUm_Üò Ë`m§Mm _yi nm`m
_mÌ H$ÀMm AgVmo. Vo nwT>À`m dJm©V OmV amhVmV nU ~mamIS>r,
_yimjam§Mr XoIrb AmoiI gmVdr, AmR>drÀ`m _wbm§Zm ZgVo.
Ë`m_wio Ë`m§À`mgmR>r doJio d OmXmMo Vmg KoVbo OmVmV. EImXm
_wbJm ghmdrV Agbm Var OmXm Vmgm§_Üò Vmo XþgarMo {ejU
KoV AgVmo, Aer AdñWm ~è`mMXm AZw^dmg òVo. Vohr Ë`m§À`m
~mobr^mfoV d Ë`m§À`m H$bmZo g_Odmdo bmJVo. Am{XdmgtÀ`m
OrdZmda AmYm[aV Jmoï>rê$n N>moQ>r N>moQ>r nwñVHo$ qH$dm H$Wm
H$mX§~è`m§Mm doJim g§J«h WERC _Üò H$aÊ`mV Ambobm Amho.
Aä`mgmMr Ë`m§Zm JmoS>r Agob VaM nwT>o {eH$Ê`mMr AmdS>
{Z_m©U hmoVo d AmdS>rZwgma {df`m§V ag KoD$Z Vo Ë`mV nwT>o
àmdrÊ` g§nmXZ H$ê$ eH$VmV.
VoWrb EH$m _wbm~m~VMm AZw^d _mÌ $ma doJim Amho. Ë`mbm
{ejUmV qH$dm IoimVhr $maer JVr, AmdS> ZìhVr. Ë`mÀ`mer
haVèhoZo g§dmX gmYyZhr Ë`mMm H$b H$moUË`m joÌmH$S>o Amho ho
bjmV òV ZìhVo. JmoS>mD$Z_Üò H$mhr H$måß`wQ>g© XþéñVrgmR>r
R>odbo hmoVo. Vmo _wbJm Ë`m H$m°åß`wQ>a XþéñVr OmoS>Ur_Üò _mÌ
H$moUË`mhr ì`mdgm{`H$ Aä`mgH«$_mì`{V[aŠV qH$dm
à{ejUmì`{V[aŠV a_bm. Ë`mZo Vo H$m°åß`wQ>g© CËV_arË`m
XþéñV Va Ho$boM, nU gdmªMr dmhdm {_idbr. `mM àH$maÀ`m
ì`dgm`mgmR>r g§ñWoZo Ë`mbm haVèhoMr _XV Ho$br.
`m _wbm§Zm òWo AmdS>Umar Jmoï> åhUOo Ag|ãbr. Ag|ãbr_Üò
Ë`m§Zm H$bmJwU gmXa H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr {_iVo. dŠV¥Ëd, dmMZ,
JmUo {eH$dbo OmVo.

60
EH§$XarVM g§ñWo_Üò gd© _wbm§À`m gdmªJrU ì`pŠV_Îd
{dH$mgmda â XoVmZmM, {ejU, Ioi, Amamo½` `m§H$S>ohr bj
{Xbo OmVo. AmOn`ªV _oiKmQ>, R>mUo n[agamVrb {H$ËòH$ _wbo
òD$Z òWo {ejU KoD$Z nwÝhm Amnë`m ^mJm_Üò Jobo AmhoV.
`mVrb H$moUr S>m°ŠQ>a, H$moUr {ejH$, H$moUr ì`mdgm{`H$ Va
H$moUr ZmoH$aXma ~ZyZ Amnë`m n[agam_Üò gwYmaUm KS>dyZ
AmUrV AmhoV. Ë`m_wio `m n[agam_Üò Am_ybmJ« ~Xb hmoV
Amho.
hmo` n[adV©Z H«$m§Vr hmo`, `mbmM Ñí` n[aUm_ Agm Amho H$s,
AmVm BWbo bmoH$ o$~«wdmar, _mM© _{hÝ`mMr dmQ> nmhVmV.
Amåhm§bmnU nwÊ`mbm {eH$m`bm `m`Mo åhUyZ {dZ§Vr H$aVmV.
AmVm g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mª_wio noM {Z_m©U hmoVmo H$s gd©M
_wbo nwÊ`mbm `m`bm V`ma AmhoV! ga Zo_H$s H$moUmMr {ZdS>
H$am`Mr? Ë`mgmR>r o$~«wdmarnmgyZ VoWo MmMUr narjm R>odbr
OmVo Am{U CËVrU© {dXçmÏ`mªMr {ZdS> Ho$br OmVo.
nwÊ`mVyZ nXdrYa hmoD$Z Amnë`m Jmdr Jobobr _wbo BWë`m
{ejUmMo, g§ñH$mam§Mo ~rO Zì`m C_oXrZo, CËgmhmZo Amnë`m
_mVr_Üò éOdrV AmhoV. hçm ~rOm§Hw$amVyZ $mo$mdbobo amonQ>o
BWë`m _Zm_Zm§V AmH$m§joMo, àJVrMo, AmeoMo, CÁÁdb
^{dVì`mMo Yw_mao OJdVmhoV, w$bdVmhoV.
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo Hw$nmofUmÀ`m g_ñòH$S>o Ho$di àíZ,
g_ñ`m åhUyZ Z nmhVm, dadaMr, VmËnwaVr _b_nQ²>Q>r H$ê$Z
g_ñòMo {ZamH$aU Z H$aVm, _yimnmgyZ g_ñ`m gmoS>{dÊ`mda
â {Xbm. Hw$nmofUmÀ`m g_ñò~amo~aM Am{W©H$, gm_m{OH$,
e¡j{UH$AS>MUrÜ`mZmVKoVë`m,H$moUmH$Sy>ZhrEH$én`mMohr
S>moZoeZ Z KoVm JwUdËVmàYmZ {ejUmMr h_r {Xbr. gdmªJrU
{ejU XoVmZmM Ë`m§À`m_Üò AmË_^mZ, AmË_{dídmg OmJ¥V
Ho$bm, Ë`m§Zm _w»` àdmhmV gm_rb H$ê$Z KoVbo. `mMmM Ñí`
n[aUm_åhUOogm_m{OH$,Am{W©H$,e¡j{UH$joÌm§_ÜòAm_ybmJ«

61
~XbmMr, n[adV©ZmMr H«$m§Vr VoWo KSy>Z Ambr. AmYw{ZH$,
{dH${gV g_mOmer AmoiI Pmbr, ZdZdo {dMma A§{JH$mabo.
{dH${gV g_mO Am{U Am{Xdmgr ~m§Yd `m§À`mVrb Xþdm
~ZyZ ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo Ho$bobr Hw$nmofUmÀ`m g_ñ`odaMr
_mV hr n[adV©ZmMr H«$m§Vr hmo`!

62
6. nwÝhm ^yH§$n : JwOamVMr hmH$6. nwÝhm ^yH§$n : JwOamVMr hmH$6. nwÝhm ^yH§$n : JwOamVMr hmH$6. nwÝhm ^yH§$n : JwOamVMr hmH$6. nwÝhm ^yH§$n : JwOamVMr hmH$
JwOamV ho ^maVmVrb àJV amÁ` Amho. dmT>Vo Am¡Úmo{XH$sH$aU,
ì`mnma `m_wio JwOamVbm `CXç_ZJar’ åhUyZ g§~moYbo OmVo,
ZmdmObo OmVo. JwOamVMo ^m¡Jmo{bH$ ñWmZ, g_wÐ{H$Zmam, ~§Xa
`m gdmª_wio ì`mnma d CXçmoJmbm nmofH$ dmVmdaU òWo Amho.
nU {Z`Vrbm 26 OmZodmar 2001 amoOr, {Zînmn {Odm§er EH$
Ioi Ioimdmgm dmQ>bm. 26 OmZodmar ^maVmMm àOmgËVmH$ {XZ
Am{U `mM {Xder gw_mao 7.6 [aíQ>>a ñHo$b EdT>m àM§S> ^yH§$n
JwOamV_Üò Pmbm. gmYmaUnUo 13,811 bmoH$ EH$m doir
_¥Ë`w_wIr nS>bo. ^yO_Üò EH$hr B_maV C^r am{hbobr {XgV
ZìhVr. Kao, XþH$mZo, emim, Am°{$gog gd© H$mhr CX²ÜdñV Pmbo.
^yH§$nmMr Vrd«Vm EdT>r O~aXñV hmoVr H$s, Am{W©H$ ZwH$gmZ
Va PmboM, nU Or{dVhmZr _moR>çm à_mUmda Pmbr. H$ÀN>,
amOH$moQ>, gwa|ÐZJa, Om_ZJa `m {Oëhçm§_Üò d VoWrb
Jmdm§_Üò àM§S> ZwH$gmZ Pmbo. `m O~aXñV YŠŠ`mVyZ
gmdaUo _moR>o H$R>rU hmoVo. JwOamV_Üò ^yH§$nm_wio {Z_m©U
Pmbobr n[apñWVr AmQ>moŠ`mV AmUUo, ho _moR>o AmìhmZ hmoVo.
EH$m AË`§V XþX}dr KQ>ZoZo ^maVmMm àOmgËVmH$ {XZ H$mid§S>bm
Jobm. àOmgËVmH$ {XZ gmOam H$aVmZm `m XþX£dr KQ>ZoÀ`m

63
doXZm nwT>rb H$mimVhr OmUdë`m{edm` amhUma ZmhrV.
^yH§$nmMr ~mV_r H$mZr nS>VmM AÜ`j lr. _wWm d H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr
dmKmobr òWrb WERC _Üò ~¡R>H$ KoVbr. WERC _Üò bmVya
^yH§$nJ«ñVm§À`m{ejUmMrgmo`Ho$bobrhmoVr.lr._wWm§ZrR>a{dbo
H$s, `mVrb H$mhr _wbm§Zm ~amo~a KoD$Z JwOamV_Üò _XVH$m`©
C^mam`Mo.`mnmR>r_mJMmCÔoeAgmH$s,EH$^yH§$nJ«ñVXþgè`m
^yH§$nJ«ñVmÀ`m doXZm OmñV g_OyZ KoD$ eH$Vmo, OmUy eH$Vmo.
ñdV: doXZm ghZ Ho$ë`m_wio Xþgè`mMo Aly nwgy eH$Vmo.
R>aë`mà_mUo 400 H$m`©H$V} JwOamVH$S>o AÝZ nm{H$Q>o,
AÝZYmÝ`,Am¡fYodOrdZmdí`H$gm{hË`KoD$Z{ZKmbo.VgoM
_bH$mnya, {gbmoS>, Am¡a§Jm~mX, qhJUKmQ>, Zm§XoS>, g§J_Zoa `m
{R>H$mUmhÿZhr H$m`©H$V} _XVH$m`m©gmR>r JwOamVH$S>o admZm Pmbo.
lr. _wWm `m§Zr _w§~B©À`m B§{S>`Z M|~a Am°$ H$m°_g©er g§nH©$
gmYbm d AÝZ, nmUr, H$nS>o, XÿY nmdS>a, Mßnb, BVa
OrdZmdí`H$ dñVy nmR>{dÊ`mMr _mJUr Ho$br.
^maVrÒ¡Zg§KQ>ZoMoH$m`©H$V}JwOamV_ÜònmohmoMë`mZ§VaË`m§Zm
gm_{I`mQ>r d ~N>md òWo Amnbo H±$n C^mabo. AÜ`j lr. _wWm
ñdV: ~N>md H±$n_Üò amhmV hmoVo. EH$mdoir Vrg hOma OUm§Zm
AÝZnwadR>m H$aVm òB©b Aer ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. amoO
gH$mir-g§Ü`mH$mir gd©OUm§À`m ImÊ`mMr ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mV
Ambr. Ë`mM~amo~a H$nS>o, {Zdmam, Am¡fYmonMma, OrdZmdí`H$
dñVy§ModmQ>n`m§ÛmaodoJmZo_XVH$m`©gwê$Pmbo._¥VXohm§Mr{dëhodmQ>
bmdUo, ho $ma {OH$sarMo H$m_ AmnËVrÀ`m {R>H$mUr AgVo. VgoM
Am¡fYmonMma hm°pñnQ>ëgMr Vrd«VoZo JaO ^mgVo. dgdmS>bm S>m°.
N>moQy>^mB© AO_oam `m§Zr 80 ~oS>Mo hm°pñnQ>b gwê$ Ho$bo. ^maVr` O¡Z
g§KQ>ZoZo nwÊ`mhÿZ S>m°ŠQ>g© dgdmS>bm nmR>{dbo. aŠVXmZ {e{~amMo
Am`moOZ Ho$bo.
AmnËVrJ«ñVm§gmR>r _XV H$m`©, gwQ>H$m d Ë`m§Mo nwZd©gZ `m
Jmoï>r {Z`moOZ~Õ, gwgyÌarË`m Omo_mZo gwê$ hmoË`m. Ë`m_wio

64
lr. _wWm `m§Zr Amnbo bj emim§Mr C^maUr, Amdí`H$ VoWo
nwZ~mªYUr `mda H|${ÐV Ho$bo.
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U$yHE 964

65
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_¥Ë`y Pmë`mZ§Va ~mam {Xdg XþIdQ>m nmibm OmVmo. nU Voamì`m
{XdgmnmgyZ gd© H$m_H$mO nyd©dV gwê$ H$aÊ`mV òVo.
`m emioÀ`m CX²KmQ>ZmgmR>r _hmamï´>mVyZ lr. gwaoeXmXm O¡Z
`m§Zm nmMmaU H$aÊ`mV Ambo. lr. gwaoeXmXm O¡Z `m§Zr lr.
_wWm `m§À`m H$m`m©Mr _wŠVH§$R>mZo àe§gm Va Ho$brM nU, 500
emim C^maUrgmR>r _XV H$aÊ`mMo Omhra Ho$bo. Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr
“OiJmd-ImZXoe e¡j{UH$ nwZd©gZ Q´>ñQ>’’Mr ñWmnZm Ho$br.
Am{U gw_mao 4 H$moQ>rÀ`m Amgnmg _XV Ë`m§Zr emim
C^maUrgmR>r {Xbr.
bmVya_Üò ^yH§$n Pmë`mZ§Va VoWrb _wbm§Zm nwÊ`mV AmUyZ
Ë`m§Mo e¡j{UH$ nwZd©gZmMm _moR>m àH$ën dmKmobr òWo AmUyZ
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo am~{dbm. na§Vw JwOamV_YyZ _wbm§Zm
nwÊ`mbm hb{dUo eŠ` ZìhVo. H$maU doi Iyn bmJUma hmoVm.

66
Ë`mnojmJwOamV_Yrbemim§Mogd}jUH$ê$Z,Amdí`H$VoZwgma
B_maV ~m§YUrMm AmamIS>m V`ma H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ hmVr KoÊ`mMo
R>a{dÊ`mV Ambo.
626 Jmdm§_Üò H$m`©H$V} nmoMbo, VoWrb gd© emim§Mo narjU
Ho$bo. H$moUË`m JmdmVrb {H$Vr emim nyU©nUo CX²ÜdñV Pmë`m
AmhoV.
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m emim§_wio JwOamVMr ^mdr {nT>r C^r
am{hbr.
JwOamV_Üò gìh} H$aÊ`mV Ambm H$s, {H$Vr JmdmVë`m emim
nyU© nS>boë`m AmhoV d Ë`m emio_Yë`m {dXçmÏ`mªMr g§»`m
{H$Vr Amho, {VWbr n[apñWVr H$er Amho. _w»`mÜ`mnH$, {ejH$
H$moU AmhoV, {H$Vr AmhoV Aem gd© àH$maÀ`m _m{hVrMm EH$
VŠVm V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambm hmoVm. JwOamVÀ`m ^yH§$nmV nmM-
ghmeo Jmd§ AmnX²J«ñV hmoVr. Ë`mMr ^`mZH$Vm BVH$s _moR>r
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{ZîH$f©,AZw_mZH$mT>bo,VoìhmAgoÜ`mZmVAmboH$s,Odinmg
nmMeo Jmdm_Yë`m emim nS>boë`m AmhoV. hm Ahdmb
nwñVH$ê$nmV N>mnyZ KoVbm. Odinmg XrS>-XmoZ bmIm§nojm OmñV
{dXçmWu Ë`m_wio emionmgyZ d§{MV amhUma hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m emim
nyU©nUo nS>ë`m hmoË`m. hr g§»`m BVH$s _moR>r hmoVr H$s `m§Zm
nwUo òWo KoD$Z OmUo eŠ` ZìhVo.
O~bnya_Üò ^yH§$n Pmë`mZ§Va VoWrb _wbm§Zm _hmamï´>mVrb
~rOoEgÀ`m WERC òWrb e¡j{UH$ nwZd©gZ H|$ÐmV AmUÊ`mV
Ambo hmoVo. na§Vw naamÁ`mVrb {ejU nÕVr, ^mfm, nmR>çnwñVHo$,
Aä`mgH«$_ `m_Üò d _hmamï´>mVrb H«${_H$ nmR>çnwñVHo$,
Aä`mgH«$_, ^mfm `m§_Üò $ma $aH$ hmoVm. Ë`m_wio

67
naamÁ`mVyZ _wbm§Zm AmUyZ {ejU XoÊ`m_Üò Ë`m§À`m amhÊ`m-
ImÊ`m {nÊ`mÀ`m AmdS>tnmgyZ gd©M Jmoï>t_Üò $ma AS>MUr
Cä`m R>mH$VmV Agm AZw^d hmoVm.
`m AZw^dm_wio JwOamVMr _wbo nwÊ`mbm AmUUo AeŠ` Amho
Ago dmQ>V hmoVo. {edm` Ë`m§Mr g§»`mhr Iyn _moR>r hmoVr.
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gd© _wbm§Zm nwT>À`m dJm©V nmR>{dÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoVbm.
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_wbm§Mo {H$Vr ZwH$gmZ hmoUma hmoVo, `mMr qMVm lr. em§Vrbmb
_wWm§ì`{V[aŠV H$moUrhr Ho$br Zmhr.
JwOamV_Üò emim C^maUrMm _hÎdmH$m§jr {ZU©` :JwOamV_Üò emim C^maUrMm _hÎdmH$m§jr {ZU©` :JwOamV_Üò emim C^maUrMm _hÎdmH$m§jr {ZU©` :JwOamV_Üò emim C^maUrMm _hÎdmH$m§jr {ZU©` :JwOamV_Üò emim C^maUrMm _hÎdmH$m§jr {ZU©` :
_wbm§~ÔbÀ`m H$miOrVyZ em§Vrbmb _wWm§Zr gd© emim
C^maÊ`mMm _hÎdmH$m§jr àH$ën hmVr KoVbm. Ë`mà_mUo 614
àmW{_H$ d _mÜ`{_H$ emim C^maUrMr JaO Agë`mMo bjmV
Ambo. 1468 Imoë`m d 1,32,339 {dXçmÏ`mªMr gmo` hmoUo
JaOoMohmoVo.^yH§$n{ZamoYH$ddmXi{damoYH$~m§YH$m_H$aÊ`mMo
~rOoEgZoR>a{dbohmoVo.Am{H©$Q>oŠQ>lr.~r.ìhr.Omoer,Ho$edXogmB©
Am{U lr. {earf ~d} `m§Zr emim§À`m B_maVtMm AmamIS>m V`ma
H$ê$Z {Xbm. hm AmamIS>m EH$m {d{eï> nÕVrZo ~Z{dbm hmoVm
H$s, B_maV ^yH§$n{ZamoYH$, bmB©Q>doQ> d MH«$sdmXi ao{OñQ>§Q>
Agob.

Speech of Shri. Atal Bihari Vajpayee
on the occasion of handing over 368
schools constructed by Bharatiya Jain
Sanghatana in the earthquake stricken
of Gujarat in 2001. “I would like to
congratulate Bharatiya Jain
Sanghatana on this occasion. In this
situation after the massive
earthquake, they have organized all
required resources and have done an
excellent job only with a view to
provide social service. They have
constructed 368 schools and handed
them over to the people. You can now
see these schools coming up but still
there is a lot of work to be done. I am
sure that you will continue with this
job with the same dedication. Please
accept my best wishes and many
thanks for this accomplishment.”
Word of praise for Bharatiya Jain Sanghatana by
Shri. Atal Bihari Vajpayee
^maVmMo VËH$ mbrZ n§VàYmZ _m. lr. AQ>b {~hmar dmOnm`r `m§À`m
eãXmV ~r.Oo.Eg².Mo H$ m_

STATEMENT BY THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HOME
AFFAIRS
(EXCERPTS)
(i) Re: Relief and rehabilitation in the aftermath of Jammu and
Kashmir earthquake
The Non Governmental Organization have also rendered support
in providing shelter to the earthquake affected persons of J&K.
Bhartiya Jain Sangathan (BJS) has donated 870 prefabricated
structures which are to be erected in the earthquake affected
areas of J&K, particularly in Uri and Tangdhar. The first
consignment of 245 pre-fabricated structures was delivered to
the State Government of Jammu on 12th November, 2005 and has
already been transported by the State Government to Tangdhar.
The second consignment of 277 pre fabricated strictures was
delivered at Jammu on 21-11-2005 and the third consignment of
the remaining 348 pre fabricated structures will be dispatched to
the State Government by 30th November 2005. These pre-
fabricated structures will be erected at four locations in Tangdhar
and one location in Uri where households were required to be
relocated because of their vulnerability to landslides/avalanches.
Parliament discusses activities of BJS in LOK SABHA
LOK SABHA
SYNOPSIS of DEBATES
Monday, November 28, 2005 / Agrahayana 7, 1927 (Saka)
(Proceedings other than Questions & Answers)
REFERENCE BY SPEAKER
^maVr` bmoH$ g^o_Ü`o ~r.Oo.Eg².À`m H$ m_mMr MMm© d Ë`mMr Pmbobr Zm|X

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^yH§$ nJ«ñV 500 _wbm§Zm Oå_w H$ mpí_a _YyZ
lr_Vr gmo{Z`m Jm§Yr {Zamon XoVmZm

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e¡j{UH$ H|$ ÐmV hmoVmZm

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d emim~m§YUrMr nyV©Vm

A§X_mZ {ZH$ mo~ma_Yrb ËgwZm_rZ§VaMo _XVH$ m`©
à_wI Am`moOH$ "lr. àw$ ëb nmaI'

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bmVya ^yH§$ nmZ§Va AmnÎmrJ«ñV _wbm§Mo dmKmobr e¡j{UH$
nwZd©gZ H|$ ÐmV AmJ_Z

lr. em§Vrbmb _mÝ`dam§er MMm© d 3 ímmim§Mo hñVm§VaU_wÏWm 68 H$ aVmZm

68
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~rOoEgbm naV Xçmdo.
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à_moQ>g© Am{U {~ëS>g© Agmo{gEeZ nwUo òWyZ nmR>{dÊ`mV

69
Ambr. nwUo, _w§~B© d OiJmdhÿZ H§$ÌmQ>Xma d _Owam§Mm JQ>
nmR>{dÊ`mV Ambm.
`màH$mao A{Ve` H$R>rU n[apñWVr_Üò, AS>MUt_Üò 368
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AÜ`jVoImbr Ho$br, Vohr Ad¿`m 90 {Xdgm§_Üò!
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hoM Üò` em§VrbmbOtZr Amnë`m Camer ~miJbo hmoVo d Vo nyU©
H$ê$Z, èñdr H$ê$Z XmIdbo. Ë`mgmR>r Vo ghm _{hZo EH$m
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OmdobmJo.AË`§Vgd©gm_mÝ`nÕVrZoamhÿZË`m§ZrJwOamV_Üò
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AmnËVrgma»`m H$R>rU àg§Jr AVwbZr` Y¡`m©Zo CMbbobo
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H$mhr emim§Mo CX²KmQ>Z lr. CÕd R>mH$a|À`m hñVo Pmbo. VrZ
_{hÝ`mV 368 emim Cä`m H$ê$Z 1005 dJ©Imoë`m§_Üò EH$
bmI drg hOma _wbm§Zm emioV ~g{dÊ`mM§ ñdßZ àË`jmV
gmH$ma Pmbobo hmoVo.
emim§Mo hñVm§VaU :emim§Mo hñVm§VaU :emim§Mo hñVm§VaU :emim§Mo hñVm§VaU :emim§Mo hñVm§VaU :
^maVmMo VËH$m{bZ n§VàYmZ lr. AQ>b{~hmar dmOno`r d lr.
bmbH¥$îU AS>dmUr `m§Zr ^yH§$nJ«ñV ^mJmMm Xm¡am Ho$bm. Ë`m
Xm¡è`m_Üò368emimJwOamVgaH$maH$S>ohñVm§V[aVH$aÊ`mMm
H$m`©H«$_ R>odÊ`mV Ambm. ~ÀN>md òWo Pmboë`m `m ^ì`
H$m`©H«$_mV 368 emim§Mr H$mJXnÌo n§VàYmZm§À`m hñVo

70
_w»`_§Í`m§Zm gwnwX© H$aÊ`mV Ambr. n§VàYmZ AQ>b{~hmar
dmOno`r `m§Zr Ë`m§À`m ^mfUmV ~rOoEgÀ`m H$m`m©Mm IynM
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JwOamV AmnËVrVyZ {_imbobo YS>o :JwOamV AmnËVrVyZ {_imbobo YS>o :JwOamV AmnËVrVyZ {_imbobo YS>o :JwOamV AmnËVrVyZ {_imbobo YS>o :JwOamV AmnËVrVyZ {_imbobo YS>o :
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òD$Z _XVrMm $m`Xm {_idVmV.
JwOamV gaH$maZo Ago Omhra AmídmgZ {Xbo H$s, AemgH$s`
g§ñWo~amo~a 50-50% ^mJrXmar H$ê$Z nS>boë`m emim§Mo
~m§YH$m_ nyU© H$ê$. R>aë`mZwgma ~rOoEgZo gd© emim§Mo

71
~m§YH$m_ gwé Ho$bo. Ë`mZwgma _w»`_§Ìr, {ejU_§Ìr d AW©_§Ìr
åhUmbo hmoVo H$s, 50% n¡go ~rOoEgbm XoÊ`mV `oVrb.
n§VàYmZm§À`m hñVo emim hñVm§VaUmMm H$m`©H«$_ hmoVm. Ë`m
H$m`©H«$_mVhr_w»`_§Í`m§Zr`mJmoï>rMmnwZéÀMmaHo$bm.Varhr
gaH$maZo ~rOoEgbm n¡go {Xbo ZmhrV!
`mnojmhr _moR>r MyH$ gaH$maZo Ho$br, Vr åhUOo, OoWo OoWo
~rOoEgZo emim ~m§Yë`m, gaH$mabm hñVm§V[aV Ho$ë`m, VoWo
emim ~m§YÊ`mgmR>r gaH$maZo d¥ËVnÌm§V Om{hamV XoD$Z Q>|S>a
_mJ{dbo. `mMm AW© Vo H§$ÌmQ>Xmambm 100% n¡go XoUma,
~rOoEgZo gaH$maÀ`m {Z`{_V AmamIS>çmZwgma, àr°$~«rHo$Q>oS>
_Q>o[aAbZwgma, gaH$mar {Z`_mZwgma, H$moUVohr n¡go Z KoVm
emim ~m§YyZhr VoWo nwÝhm emim ~m§YÊ`mMm gaH$ma àñVmd _m§S>Vo!
`mgdmª{déÕ ~rOoEgZo hm`H$moQ>m©V [aQ>{nQ>reZ {Xbo. hm`H$moQ>m©V
hr Ho$g H$mhr dfmªn`ªV Mmbbr. hm`H$moQ>m©Zo nwÝhm gaH$maH$S>o
Ho$g nmR>{dbr. gaH$manwT>o nwÝhm àoP|Q>oeZ Pmbo. Vr Ho$g AOyZhr
noS>tJ Amho.
~rOoEggma»`m EdT>çm _moR>çm, AZw^dr d ^maV^a H$m`©aV
AgUmè`m g§K{Q>V g§ñWobm Aem AZw^dm§Zm Vm|S> Xçmdo bmJmdo
hr {ZpíMVM {dMma H$aÊ`mgmaIr Jmoï> Amho.
dQ>d¥jmH$S>o WH$bo ^mJbo dmQ>gê$ AmYma åhUyZ Aml` KoVmV,
gd©MdmQ>gê§$ZmgmdbrMmAmYmaZH$moAgVmo,H$mhtZmË`mÀ`m
$m§Xçm ñdV:À`m ñdmWm©gmR>r VmoS>m`À`m AgVmV. dQ>d¥j _mÌ
`m gd© àH$maÀ`m dmQ>gê§$Mo VQ>ñWVoZo {ZarjU H$arV, D$Z,
nmD$g, dmXidmam ghZ H$arV, Amnbo H$V©ì` ~OmdrV AgVmo!
AmnËVrZ§Va H$moUH$moUVr nmD$bo CMbbr nm{hOoV? H$emàH$mao
{Z`moOZ Agmdo?

72
AmnËVrÀ`m doir EH$ {IS>H$s `moOZm am~dbr nm{hOo d {ZU©`
à{H«$òVrb{Xa§JmB©Q>mibrnm{hOo.aoìhoÝ`y{S>nmQ>©_|Q>_ÜòH$mJXnÌo
nyV©VogmR>r d {ZU©`à{H«$ògmR>r {d{eï> ñQ>m$ amIrd Agbm
nm{hOo, à{e{jV Agbm nm{hOo. AmnËVr Ooìhm òB©b, Voìhm `m
à{e{jV ñQ>m$bm gaH$ma d AemgH$s` g§ñWm§~amo~a H$m_
H$aÊ`mgmR>rMo AmXoe Agbo nm{hOoV.
~rS>ãë`yS>r, AW©{d^mJ, Amamo½` {d^mJ, aoìhoÝ`y {S>nmQ>©_|Q>
`m§À`m_Üò AmnËVr Xaå`mZ hmoV Agboë`m _XVH$m`m©{df`r
H$moUVohr gm_§Oñ` ZìhVo. `m gd© {d^mJm§Mo gm_§Oñ`,
ghH$m`©, VËnaVm, {Xa§JmB© Q>miUo `m Jmoï>tMr _XVH$m`©
Omo_mZo hmoÊ`mgmR>r JaO Amho.
doJdoJù`m AemgH$s` g§ñWm§Zm H$moUH$moUVr H$m_o {Xbr Jobr
nm{hOoV, Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z H$moUË`m doir H$moUVr _XV KoVbr nm{hOo
`m gd© Jmoï>tMr AmnËVrgmR>r åhUyZ gaH$maH$S>o EH$ doJir
{Z`_mdbr V`ma Agbr nm{hOo.
AmnËVrZ§Va nmD$g òVmo, dmXio hmoVmV, H$mhrhr hmoD$ eH$Vo.
g§gJ©OÝ` amoJ ¡$bmdÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm AgVo. Aem amoJm§Zm
doirM AmQ>moŠ`mV AmUUo $ma JaOoMo AgVo. amoJ à{V~§YH$
Am¡fYm§Mr $dmaUr H$aUo A{Ve` JaOoMo AgVo. Ë`mMà_mUo
_o{S>H$b H±$ng²Mr gdm©V OmñV JaO AgVo. AmnÎmrJ«ñVm§gmR>r
Am¡fYmonMma, hm°pñnQ>ëgMr gw{dYm ËdaoZo {_iUo $ma JaOoMo
AgVo. Ë`mgmR>r AmnËVr H$mogiboë`m Jmdm§_Üò Ëd[aV
AË`mYw{ZH$ CnH$aUm§Zr gÁO XdmImZm qH$dm hm°pñnQ>ëgMr
VmËnwaVr C^maUr H$ê$Z, S>m°ŠQ>g©Mr Zo_UyH$ H$ê$Z bmoH$m§Zm

73
doirM CnMma {Xbo nm{hOoV. A°åã`wbÝgMr gmo` CnbãY H$ê$Z
{Xbr nm{hOo.
^maVmVrb ~è`mMem {d_mZVim§da ZmB©Q> b±S>tJMr gmo` Zmhr,
Aem H$R>rU H$mimV `m gmo`r AgUo JaOoMo Amho. EImXçm
{R>H$mUr XmoZ Jmdm§Zm OmoS>Umam nyb H$mogibm Va Xþgam H$moUVm
_mJ© CnbãY H$ê$Z XoVm òB©b, Aem Jmoï>tMm Aä`mg,
{Z`moOZ `m_Üò hmoUo JaOoMo Amho.
_mo~mB©b, °$Šg, qàQ>a, H$m°åß`wQ>a, B§Q>aZoQ> `m AË`mYw{ZH$
gw{dYm§À`m gmhmæ`mZo Ëd[aV XiUdiU d g§nH©$ gmYbm Jobm
nm{hOo. Ë`mgmR>r `m gd© gw{dYm§Mr CnbãYr AgUo JaOoMo Amho.
~rOoEgZo EH$ AemgH$s` g§ñWm AgyZhr g§nyU© {Z`moOZ,
gwgyÌVVm,AË`mYw{ZH$`§ÌUmdJmdmoJmdÀ`mg§nH©$_mÜ`_mVyZ
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nobbo. AZoH$ AS>MUtZm Vm|S> {Xbo.
emim§Mo ~m§YH$m_ H$aVmZm _Oya CnbãY Zgm`Mo. ~m§YH$m_mMo
gm{hË` CnbãY ZìhVo. Ë`m_wio ~rOoEgbm nwÊ`mhÿZ ~m§YH$m_
gm{hË` d _Owam§Zm Ý`mdo bmJbo. ~m§YH$m_mgmR>r _{eZar
CnbãY ZìhË`m. amÌrÀ`m doir gm{hË` Mmoar hmoV Ago.
gdm©V _hÎdmMo åhUOo nmUr d {dOoMr gmo` ~m§YH$m_mÀ`m
{R>H$mUr ZìhVr. ~rOoEgbm OZaoQ>a {dH$V ¿`mdo bmJbo. Iao
Va, gaH$maZo nmUr d {dOogmaIr Amdí`H$ gw{dYm CnbãY
H$ê$Z XoUo JaOoMo AgVo nU _XVàg§Jr gaH$maZo Xþb©jM
Ho$ë`mMo ho EH$ CXmhaU Amho.
Aemhrn[apñWVrV~rOoEgZo368emim§MoHo$di90{Xdgm§_Üò
~m§YH$m_ H$ê$Z Ë`m gd© emim gaH$maH$S>o hñVm§V[aV Ho$ë`m.

74
gìdm bmI _wbm§À`m emim gwê$ Pmë`m. _wbo AmnËVrgma»`m
H$R>rUn[apñWVrVyZ,_mZ{gH$YŠŠ`mVyZgmdê$ZemioVòD$Z
~gy bmJbr. `m bhmZ bhmZ ~mbH$m§Mo nwÝhm emim§_Üò òUo,
IoiUo,Aä`mgH$aUo,Jm|JmQ,>_ñVrH$aUo,hgUo,~mJS>UonmhÿZ
~rOoEgÀ`m gd© H$m`©H$Ë`mªMo, lr. em§Vrbmb _wWm§Mo _Z
AmZ§XmZo, CËgmhmZo, A{^_mZmZo ^ê$Z Ambo.
_wbm§À`m S>moù`m§_Üò Aly§À`m OmJr nm{hboë`m hgyÀ`m
w$bm§_Üò JwOamVÀ`m g§nyU© H$m`m©Mo è gm_mdbobo Amho.
EdT>oM Zìho Va EH$m g§nyU© {nT>rMo ^{dVì` ~rOoEgZo Amnë`m
H$m`m©VyZ KS>{dbo Amho. lr. em§Vrbmb _wWm `m§Mo H$amar YmoaU,
XÿaÑï>r d {MH$mQ>rZo H$m`© H$aÊ`mMr d¥ËVr hr _wbm§Mm
^{dî`H$mi CÁÁdb H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$maUr^yV R>abr, hoM `m
èmVyZ {gÕ hmoVo.
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^maVmMo n§VàYmZ AQ>b{~hmar dmOno`r `m§Mo hñVo 368 emim§Mo
Ho$di 90 {Xdgm§_Üò JwOamV gaH$maH$S>o hñVm§VaU.
n§VàYmZm§Mo _wŠV H§$R>mZo ~rOoEgÀ`m H$m`m©~Ôb àe§gmoX²Jma.
`w{Zgo$Mo _w»` lr. {nQ>a `m§Zr åhQ>bo H$s, “~rOoEgMo H$m`©
åhUOo Ho$di M_ËH$ma hmo`! ~ÀN>md_Üò ~rOoEgZo AË`§V
_mobmMo H$m`© Ho$bo Amho.’’ amï´>dmXr H$m±J«ogMo lr. eaX ndma
e¡j{UH$ nwZd©gZmÀ`m H$m`m©~Ôb A{Ve` g_mYmZr d AmZ§Xr
hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr `m H$m`m©gmR>r n¡emÀ`m ê$nmZo _XV Omhra Ho$br.
AmZ§Xr~oZ nQ>ob, JwOamV {ejU_§Ìr, `m§Zr ~rOoEgZo Ho$boë`m
_XVH$m`m©~Ôb d e¡j{UH$ àH$ënm{df`r A{Ve` àe§gm Ho$br.

75
JwOamV ^yH§$nmXaå`mZ Á`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr _XV Ho$brJwOamV ^yH§$nmXaå`mZ Á`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr _XV Ho$brJwOamV ^yH§$nmXaå`mZ Á`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr _XV Ho$brJwOamV ^yH§$nmXaå`mZ Á`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr _XV Ho$brJwOamV ^yH§$nmXaå`mZ Á`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr _XV Ho$br
Ë`m§Mr Zmdo :Ë`m§Mr Zmdo :Ë`m§Mr Zmdo :Ë`m§Mr Zmdo :Ë`m§Mr Zmdo :
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.21 m`r>SaomMrOX§Mbmb.rl .42 oiJ§B._E.amA.rl

76
~m§YH$m_ nyU© Ho$boë`m emim§Mm VŠVm :~m§YH$m_ nyU© Ho$boë`m emim§Mm VŠVm :~m§YH$m_ nyU© Ho$boë`m emim§Mm VŠVm :~m§YH$m_ nyU© Ho$boë`m emim§Mm VŠVm :~m§YH$m_ nyU© Ho$boë`m emim§Mm VŠVm :
.$«H m$HwbmV
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U$yHE 861 863 4001 10248

77
7. ËgwZm_rMo Vm§S>d: Vm{_iZmSy>,7. ËgwZm_rMo Vm§S>d: Vm{_iZmSy>,7. ËgwZm_rMo Vm§S>d: Vm{_iZmSy>,7. ËgwZm_rMo Vm§S>d: Vm{_iZmSy>,7. ËgwZm_rMo Vm§S>d: Vm{_iZmSy>,
A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Üò YmdA§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Üò YmdA§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Üò YmdA§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Üò YmdA§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Üò Ymd
ËgwZm_rMo ^`àX Vm§S>d :ËgwZm_rMo ^`àX Vm§S>d :ËgwZm_rMo ^`àX Vm§S>d :ËgwZm_rMo ^`àX Vm§S>d :ËgwZm_rMo ^`àX Vm§S>d :
26 {S>g|~a 2004 amoOr B§S>moZo{e`mVrb gw_mÌm~oQ>mOdi 9.0
[aíQ>a ñHo$bMm àM§S> ^yH§$n Pmbm. g_þÐVimer Pmboë`m
^yH§$nmZoVmer500Vo1000{H$._r.doJmZoàM§S>bmQ>mCgië`m.
Ad¿`m H$mhr Vmgm§VM ËgwZm_r bmQ>m§_wio ^maV, B§S>moZo{e`m,
lrb§H$m, Wm`b§S>, _bo{e`m, _mbXrd, å`mZ_ma, ~m§JbmXoe,
gmo_m{b`m, Q>m§Pm{Z`m Am{U Ho${Z`mMo g_wÐ{H$Zmao {Ji§H¥$V
Ho$bo. KaoXmao, d¥jdëbr gd© H$mhr CX²ÜdñV Pmbo. gw_mao VrZ
bmI bmoH$ _¥Ë`w_wIr nS>bo.
ËgwZm_rMm àhma ^maVmÀ`m nyd© {H$Zmè`mda OmñV hmoVm. Ë`mV
A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~maMr 38 {ZgJ©aå` ~oQ>o, V{_iZmSy>, nm±S>oMar,
Ho$ai d H$mhr à_mUmV Am§Y«àXoeMm g_mdoe hmoVmo. H$m` hmoVo
Amho ho g_OÊ`mÀ`m AmV, gd© CX²ÜdñV hmoV Jobo. g_wÐ{H$Zmar
Agbobo bmoH$ doJmZo g_wÐmV AmoT>bo OmV hmoVo. Á`m§Zm eŠ`
hmoVo, Vo Ord dmM{dÊ`mgmR>r Q>oH$S>rH$S>o niV gwQ>bo. âmâ

78
gJirH$S>o ËgwZm_rVyZ {Z_m©U Pmboë`m ^`§H$a AmnËVrÀ`m
~mVå`m àg¥V ìhm`bm bmJë`m. ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m nwUo
`oWrb _w»`mb`mVhr lr. em§VrbmbOr _wWm `m§À`mn`ªV ~mV_r
nmohmoMbr. Ë`m§Zr VmËH$mi ^maVmVrb O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m
H$m`©H$Ë`mªer g§nH©$ gmYbm Am{U _XVH$m`m©gmR>r {VH$S>o
OmÊ`mMr `moOZm AmIbr.
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`© :^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`© :^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`© :^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`© :^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`© :
lr. em§Vrbmb _wWm d ghH$mar H$m`©H$V} Ëd[aV MoÝZB©bm admZm
Pmbo. KQ>ZoMr Vrd«Vm BVH$s àM§S> hmoVr H$s, {dMma
H$am`bmXoIrb Cg§V ZìhVr. AmnËVrJ«ñVm§Mr gwQ>H$m, nwZd©gZ
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Hw§$^H$moZ_², Hw$S²>bmoa, nm±S>oMar. `mVrb {gaH$mbr ho {R>H$mUr
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nwadR>m, AÝZ ~Z{dÊ`mgmR>r OmJoMr nmhUr H$aÊ`mV Ambr.
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dmT>br hmoVr. _¥VXohm§Mr {dëhodmQ> bmdUo ho gdmªV _hÎdmMo H$m_
hmoVo. nU Ë`m~amo~aM O§Vyg§gJ©, g§gJ©OÝ` amoJ amoIÊ`mgmR>r
à`ËZ H$aUohr JaOoMo hmoVo. Ë`mgmR>r pãbqMJ nmdS>aMr
$dmaUr H$aÊ`mV Ambr.
AÝZ ~ZdyZ AÝZnwadR>m H$aÊ`mg§~§YrMr gd© ì`dñWm O¡Z
g_mOmÀ`mdVrZo H$aÊ`mV Ambr. drg dfm©Vrb g§KQ>ZoÀ`m
AZw^dmVyZ, gd© gm{hË`gm_wJ«r CnbãY Agë`mZo, g§KQ>ZoV}$

79
`m Jmoï>tMr Ëd[aV A§_b~OmdUr Ho$br Jobr. OrdZmdí`H$
dñVy§Mo gm{hË` EH$Ì H$ê$Z {H$Q> V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambo, `mV
^m§S>r, _oU~ËVr, A§WéU nm§KéU, H$nS>o, H$mS>onoQ>r, gmIa,
MhmnmdS>a, AÝZYmÝ` d ho {H$Q> dmQ>n H$aÊ`mV Ambo.
emim C^maUrgmR>r à`ËZ :emim C^maUrgmR>r à`ËZ :emim C^maUrgmR>r à`ËZ :emim C^maUrgmR>r à`ËZ :emim C^maUrgmR>r à`ËZ :
500 _wbm§Mo d Ë`m§À`m nmbH$m§Mo emim gwê$ H$aÊ`m~m~VMo
g§_VrnÌ, Ë`m§À`mM ^mfoV, g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr {_idbo.
_XV dmQ>nmMo H$m_ gwairVnUo gwê$ Pmë`mZ§Va lr. _wWm `m§Zr
bhmZ _wbm§À`m emioÀ`m àíZmH$S>o Amnbo bj H|${ÐV Ho$bo.
Ë`mà_mUo Ë`m§Zr lr. àw$ëb nmaoI `m§Zm MoÝZB©bm ~mobmdyZ
KoVbo d nwT>À`m H$m`m©À`mÑï>rZo AmIUr gwê$ Ho$br. g§nyU©
CX²ÜdñVPmboë`memim{H$Vr,H$mhrà_mUmVCX²ÜdñVPmboë`m
emim {H$Vr d XþéñVrÀ`m emim {H$Vr `mMm nmhUr Ahdmb
V`ma Ho$bm.
500 _wbo emim nwÝhm gwê$ H$aÊ`mV `mì`mV `mgmR>r V`ma
hmoVo.AemàH$maoemim§MmnmhUrAhdmb,500_wbm§Mo g§_VrnÌ
d g§KQ>ZoV}$ Ho$ë`m OmUmè`m H$m`m©g§~§YrMr ~maH$mB©Zo _m{hVr,
Aer gd© H$mJXnÌo V{_iZmSy>gaH$maH$S>o, emim ~m§YUrMm
àñVmd åhUyZ gmXa H$aÊ`mV Ambr. `mgmR>r MoÝZB©Vrb
g§KQ>ZoÀ`m nXm{YH$mè`m§Mrhr g§_Vr hmoVr, BVHo$M Zìho Va
O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo MoÝZB©_Ü`o emiogmR>r O_rZhr XoÊ`mMo _mÝ`
Ho$bo hmoVo. O`b{bVm§er ^oQ> lr. eaX ndmagmho~m§Zr KS>dyZ
AmUbr. `m gd© Jmoï>tg§~§Yr {dñV¥V MMm© VËH$m{bZ _w»`_§Ìr
O`b{bVm§er H$aÊ`mV Ambr. na§Vw Ë`m§Zr “emim ~m§YÊ`mMm
àñVmd ZmH$mabm.’’ Ë`m§Mo åhUUo hmoVo, “n¡go Xçm. emim ZH$mo.’’
lr. em§Vrbmb _wWm, lr. àw$ëb nmaoI d H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr Varhr
`mgmR>r à`ËZ Ho$bo. nU V{_iZmSy>gaH$ma Amnë`m {ZU©`mda

80
R>m_ hmoVo. eodQ>r {Zame pñWVrVM lr. _wWm MoÝZB©
{d_mZVimda, 20 OmZodmar 2005 amoOr nwÊ`mÀ`m naVrÀ`m
àdmgmgmR>r Ambo.
O`bbrVm§Mr ôQ> ndmagmho~m§ZrM KS>dyZ AmUbr :O`bbrVm§Mr ôQ> ndmagmho~m§ZrM KS>dyZ AmUbr :O`bbrVm§Mr ôQ> ndmagmho~m§ZrM KS>dyZ AmUbr :O`bbrVm§Mr ôQ> ndmagmho~m§ZrM KS>dyZ AmUbr :O`bbrVm§Mr ôQ> ndmagmho~m§ZrM KS>dyZ AmUbr :
{d_mZVimda lr. _wWm `m§Mr amï´>r` AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZ
g{_VrMo CnmÜ`j lr. eaX ndma d amÁ`nmb lr. am_ H$mngo
`m§Mr ôQ> Pmbr.> lr. ndmagmho~m§Zr, “A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~mahr
VodT>oM AmnËVrJ«ñV Amho d VoWohr _XVrMr VmËH$mi JaO Amho.
{VWo Vwåhr emim, àmW{_H$ Amamo½` H|$Ðm§Mr C^maUr H$am,’’
Ago gm§{JVbo. Ë`mà_mUo Ë`m§Zr lr. am_ H$mngo, VËH$m{bZ
JìhZ©a, A§X_mZ {ZH$mo~ma `m§Zm emim§Mm àñVmd _mÝ`
H$aÊ`mg gm§{JVbo.
lr. _wWm `m§Zr Amnë`m nwT>rb H$m`m©Mr {Xem, A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma
hrM R>adbr. ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm BWyZ nwT>À`m EH$-XrS> dfm©V
A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Yrb {ejU d Amamo½`joÌmV H«$m§Vr
KS>dUma hmoVr, ho {Z`Vrbmhr _m{hVr Zgob!
A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Yrb H$m`© :A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Yrb H$m`© :A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Yrb H$m`© :A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Yrb H$m`© :A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Yrb H$m`© :
A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Yrb ~oQ>m§Mm g_yh hm ^maVmMm H|$Ðem{gV
àXoe hmo`! BWo bmoH${Z`wŠV à{V{ZYtMr gËVm Zmhr, Va
gaH$ma{Z`wŠV amÁ`nmb d A{YH$mar H$m_H$mO nmhVmV.
Ë`m_wio H$moUVohr {ZU©` BWo gaH$mar nÕVrZoM nma nS>VmV!
AemgH$s` g§ñWm gaH$mar H$m`m©_Üò _XV, ghH$m`© H$ê$
eH$VmV, hoM BWë`m gaH$mar A{YH$mè`m§Zm AmVmn`ªV _m{hV
ZìhVo! _wimVM EdT>r _moR>r AmnËVr H$mogiÊ`mMr hr n{hbrM
doi! Ë`mVhr A§X_mZ {ZH$mo~ma_Yrb ~oQ>o EH$_oH$m§nmgyZ Xÿa
A§Vamda ~amMgm àXoe Am{XdmgtÀ`m A§_bmImbr.
gaH$maì`{V[aŠVBWo{ZU©`hmoVmVVoAm{XdmgrH$m¡pÝgb_m©$V.

81
EH§$XarV Aem dmVmdaUmV, _w»`^y_rnmgyZ Xÿa A§Vamda
amhÿZhr_XVH$m`©H$aUo,AÝZnwadR>m,H$nS>odmQ>n,OrdZmdí`H$
dñVy§Mo dmQ>n H$aUo `mgma»`m Jmoï>r nma nmS>ë`m. nU _w»`
H$m`© g§KQ>Zobm nma nmS>m`Mo hmoVo Vo åhUOo emim§Mr C^maUr d
àmW{_H$ Amamo½` H|$Ðm§Mr C^maUr.
emim C^maUr_mJrb lr. _wWm `m§Mr ^y{_H$m :emim C^maUr_mJrb lr. _wWm `m§Mr ^y{_H$m :emim C^maUr_mJrb lr. _wWm `m§Mr ^y{_H$m :emim C^maUr_mJrb lr. _wWm `m§Mr ^y{_H$m :emim C^maUr_mJrb lr. _wWm `m§Mr ^y{_H$m :
AmnËVrÀ`m doir gaH$maMr à_wI H$m_o åhUOo añVo,
{nÊ`mÀ`m-dmnaÊ`mÀ`m nmÊ`mMr ì`dñWm, drO, AW© gmhmæ`
H$aUo, AÝZYmÝ` nwadUo, {Zdmè`mMr ì`dñWm H$aUo ho hmoV.
`m{edm` AmH$S>odmar V`ma H$aUo. {Oëhm{Zhm`, VmbwH$m{Zhm`,
Jmd{Zhm` AmnËVrJ«ñVm§g§~§YrMm Ahdmb, AmH$S>odmar
gaH$maXa~mar gmXa H$aUo. Ë`m~ahþHy$_ {ZU©` KoD$Z àË`j
_XVH$m`m©Mr, AÝZYmÝ` nwadR>çmMr, AW©gmhmæ`mMr `moOZm
AmIyZ, àË`j A§_b~OmdUr H$aUo hr gd© H$m_o àm_w»`mZo
gaH$maÀ`m AIË`m[aV `oVmV. Va emim§Mr C^maUr,
Am¡fYmonMmam§Mm nwadR>m, àmW{_H$ Amamo½` H|$Ðm§Mr C^maUr,
XdmImÝ`mMr _XV `m Jmoï>r AemgH$s` g§ñWm nma nmSy>
eH$VmV. H$maU {OWo emim AgVmV, {VWo Ioim§Mo _¡XmZ qH$dm
nQ>m§JU AgVoM Ë`m_wio emioOdiÀ`m _moH$ù`m OmJo_Ü`oM
ZdrZ B_maVrMr C^maUr hmoD$ eH$Vo. {ejH$m§Zm nJma
gaH$maH$Sy>Z gwê$ AgVmo, _wbo AgVmV. B_maV ~m§YyZ nyU©
H$aUo, EdT>rM Jmoï> AgVo. nU `mVyZ EH$ AË`§V _hÎdmMr
Jmoï> gmÜ` hmoVo, Vr åhUOo _wbm§Mo bj Xþgè`m Jmoï>rda H|${ÐV
hmoD$Z Ë`m§À`m _ZmdaMm VmU H$_r hmoD$Z OmVmo. KS>boë`m
KQ>Zo_wio _wbm§Zm O~aXñV _mZ{gH$ YŠH$m ~gbobm AgVmo.
`m YŠŠ`mVyZ gmdê$Z Ë`m§Mo _mZ{gH$ XS>nU KmbdUo,

82
ñdñWVm {Z_m©U H$aUo, gwa{jV dmVmdaU {Z{_©Vr H$aUo
Ë`m§À`mgmR>r $ma _hÎdmMo AgVo.
`mì`{V[aŠVMr Xþgar _hÎdmMr Jmoï> åhUOo gJirH$Sy>Z
_XVrMm AmoK gwê$ AgVmo. Ë`m_wio _mJÊ`mMr, KoÊ`mMr,
namdb§{~ËdmMr d H$mhr A§er Am`VonUmMr, AmiernUmMr
gd` bmJÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm AgVo. bhmZ d`mV Aem àH$mao
_wbm§da g§ñH$ma Pmbo Va Ë`m§À`m ^{dVì`mbm hmZrH$maH$ Amho.
Ë`m_wiohr {nT>r dmMdUo EdT>oM Zmhr Va Vo gwg§ñH$m[aV,
ñdmdb§~r H$aUo gd©ñdr Amnë`m hmVmV Amho.
Ë`mMà_mUo Am¡fYmonMma, XdmImZm `m Jmoï>r AmnËVrÀ`mdoir
gdmªV OmñV _hÎdmÀ`m AgVmV. AnKmVJ«ñVm§Zm Ëd[aV
S>m°ŠQ>am§Mr _XV {_iUo Oê$ar AgVo. Am°naoeÝg, VnmgUr,
Am¡fYm§Mr ì`dñWm VmËH$mi hmoUo JaOoMo AgVo, g§^mì`
Or{dVhmZr Q>miÊ`mgmR>r _o{S>H$b H±$nMr C^maUr {dZm{db§~
AmnÎmrgmR>r hmoUo JaOoMo AgVo. Ë`m{edm` H$m`_ñdê$nrMo
àmW{_H$Amamo½`H|$ÐqH$dmXdmImZmC^maUohrOéarMoAgVo.
`m XmoÝhr Jmoï>tMo _hÎd, {ZH$S>, JaO bjmV KoD$Z lr.
em§Vrbmb _wWm AmnËVrH$m`©, _XVH$m`© gwê$ AgVmZmM emim
C^maUr d àmW{_H$ Amamo½` H|$Ð C^maUrH$S>o bj H|${ÐV
H$aVmV.
A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Üò emim C^maUrgmR>r à`ËZ :A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Üò emim C^maUrgmR>r à`ËZ :A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Üò emim C^maUrgmR>r à`ËZ :A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Üò emim C^maUrgmR>r à`ËZ :A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Üò emim C^maUrgmR>r à`ËZ :
A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~maÀ`m AmVmn`ªVÀ`m B{Vhmgm_Üò
n{hë`m§XmMEH$mAemgH$s`g§ñWobmH$m_H$aÊ`mMrnadmZJr
{_imbr hmoVr!
A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Üò EHy$U 572 ~oQ>m§Mm g_yh Amho. qhXr
_hmgmJamV Vo EH§$XarV 500 _¡b A§Vamda dgbobo Amho.
~oQ>m§daOmUo$ma_wpíH$bH$m_hmoVo.OoQ²>Q>rËgwZm_r_wioCX²ÜdñV

83
Pmboë`m hmoË`m qH$dm nmÊ`mImbr Joë`m hmoË`m. EH$M gaH$mar
ho{bH$m°ßQ>a hmoVo, nU Vohr JaOoÀ`m doir g§KQ>ZoÀ`m AÜ`jm§Zm
qH$dmH$m`©H$Ë`mªZmdmnaVmòD$eH$boZmhr,CnbãYPmboZmhr.
Aemhr n[apñWVrV ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo emim C^maUrMm
{ZU©` KoVbm. EH§$XarV 400 emim§n¡H$s 97 nyU© CX²ÜdñV Pmë`m
hmoË`m. Ë`mVrb 20 emim§À`m ~m§YH$m_mgmR>r g§KQ>Zobm Vm|S>r
nadmZJr{_imbr.gaH$madg§KQ>Zo_ÜòOmoH$ama,MoUìhm`bm
Ano{jVAgVo,Ë`mdaghrH$aÊ`mgmR>rqH$dmEH§$XarVH$m_mMr
O~m~Xmar KoÊ`mgmR>r gaH$mar A{YH$mar V`ma ZìhVo. Ë`m_wio
H$mJXnÌm§Mr nyV©Vm hmoÊ`mgmR>r $ma {db§~ bmJV hmoVm.
_w»` H$m_mda bj H|${ÐV H$aÊ`mMo lr. _wWm `m§Zr R>a{dbo.
Ë`mà_mUo Ë`m§Zr lr. àw$ëb nmaoI `m§Zm MmO© {Xbm. Ë`m{Xder
lr.àw$ëbnmaoIZmJnya_ÜòhmoVo.VoWyZVoËd[aVnmoQ>©ãboAabm
admZm hmoUma hmoVo, Ë`mgmR>r Vo MoÝZB©bm Ambo, nU MoÝZB©-
nmoQ>©ãboAa {d_mZ MwH$bo d Ë`m§Zm MoÝZB©_ÜòM lr. Jmoboj
ZmdmÀ`m J¥hñWmH$S>o amhmUo ^mJ nS>bo. Xþgè`m {Xder
nmoQ>©ãboAa_Üò Joë`mda àw$ëb^mB© lr. Z{bZ Jmoboj `m§À`m
Kar Jobo, Vo {VWoM nwT>Mo XrS> df© am{hbo.
àw$ëb^mBªZr gd©àW_ Z{bZÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo nmoQ>©ãboAa_Üò
Am°{$g gwê$ Ho$bo. emim§gmR>r OmJoMr nmhUr gwê$ Ho$br. na§Vw
AZoH${dY AS>MUtMm S>m|Ja C^m am{hbm. Ë`mVrb _hÎdmMo
åhUOo _Oya {_iUo H$R>rU hmoVo, Am{Xdmgr ^mJmV àdoe {_iUo
H$R>rU hmoVo, ~m§YH$m_mMo gm{hË` h¡Ðm~mX, MoÝZB©,
{demImnQ²>Q>U_²_mJ} AmUmdo bmJUma hmoVo.
Am{Xdmgr H$m¢{gbMr nadmZJr KoUo Amdí`H$ hmoVo, Vr KoVbr
Jobr. VoìhmMo MoAa_Z {_. A~S>uZ, H$ma{ZH$mo~ma_Üò amhmV
hmoVo. Am{H©$Q>oŠQ>Mr Zo_UyH$ Ho$br. B§{O{ZAaMr Zo_UyH$ Ho$br.

84
H$m°åß`wQ>a B§{O{ZAa, Am°{$g_Üò H$m_ H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVtMr
Zo_UyH$ Ho$br. EnrS>ãë`wS>r (APWD) H$Sy>Z Vm|S>r _mÝ`Vm
{_idbr.
EdT>o H$ê$Zhr AS>Wio H$mhr g§nV ZìhVo, gdmªV _hÎdmMm
AS>Wim g_moa C^m R>mH$bm, Vmo åhUOo gaH$mar bmb{$VrMm,
A§X_mZ {ZH$mo~ma gdmªV OmñV ^yH§$nàdU joÌ åhUOo
gopñ_H$PmoZ 5 _Üò òVmo.
emim§À`m ~m§YH$m_mMm AmamIS>m V`ma Ho$bm Vmo, gopñ_H$PmoZ
5 Zwgma, Am`.Eg. 1893 À`m à_mUo. na§Vw gaH$mar
A{YH$mè`m§Mo åhUUo hmoVo H$s `m Jmoï>rMr JaO Zmhr. Ë`m_wio
AmamIS>m _§Oya H$ê$Z KoVmZm IynXm Ë`m§Zm g_OmdyZ gm§Jmdo
bmJbo.
AmamIS>m _§Oya H$ê$Z KoVbm Va ñWm{ZH$ H§$ÌmQ>Xma V`ma
ZmhrV, _Oya ZmhrV. `mgmR>r H$maUo doJdoJir hmoVr- H$moUmMo
Am°{$gog CX²ÜdñV hmoVo, H$moUr _mZ{gH$ YŠŠ`mVyZ gmdabo
ZìhVo. Ë`m_wio H$m_mda OmÊ`mMr, C^mar KoÊ`mMr _mZ{gH$Vm
ZìhVr. Ë`mgmR>r g§KQ>ZoV}$ Om{hamV {Xbr. Va Om{hamVrbm
EH$hr à{VgmX Zmhr. _J gaH$mar `mXrVrb H§$ÌmQ>Xmam§er
àËòH$s g§nH©$ Ho$bm AgVm g_Obo H$s, Vo $ŠV gaH$marM
H$m_o KoVmV. ~mhoaMr KoV ZmhrV. gaH$mar H$m_mVyZ 40-50%
_m{O©Z gwQ>Vo {edm` H$m_mÀ`m nyV©Vo{df`r, Šdm{bQ>r{df`r
A{YH$mar d H§$ÌmQ>Xma EH$_oH$m§Zm gm§^miyZ KoVmV! hrM Jmoï>
_Owam§{df`rhr AZw^dm`bm {_imbr. _Oya H$m CnbãY ZmhrV
Va, H$moUmMo ZmVodmB©H$ _¥Ë`w_wIr, H$moUr KQ>ZoÀ`m YŠŠ`mVyZ
gmdê$ eH$bo Zmhr, H$moUmbm H$m_mMr BÀN>m ZgVo, H$moUmbm
100-200é.amoO§XmardaH$m_mMrbmOdmQ>Vo.Ë`mnojmgaH$ma/
AemgH$s` g§ñWm§H$Sy>Z ~arMer _XV {_iVo. _XVrMm AmoK

85
gJirH$Sy>Z EdT>m gwê$ AgVmo H$s, H$m_mVyZ n¡go {_i{dÊ`mMr
Voìhm Var JaO ZgVo Am{U Ë`m_wio am§JoV C^m amhm`Mo H$s
H$m_mda Om`Mo?
EH$sH$S>o Am§Vaamï´>r` g§ñWm/ ñd`§godr g§ñWm ~mobV AgVmV
H$s ñWm{ZH$ bmoH$m§Mm gh^mJ nwZ{Z©_m©U H$m`m©V H$ê$Z KoUo
Amdí`H$Amho.àË`jmVKQ>ZmñWirMrpñWVr_mÌAË`§VdoJir
AgVo.AWm©V²dmVmZwHy${bV`§ÌUo_Üò~gyZH$m°$s{nVmZm_hÎdmMr
YmoaUoR>adUoHo$ìhmhrgmonoAgVoË`m_wioMàË`jmVKQ>ZmñWir
H$m`©H$aUmè`m§À`mH$m`©nÕVt_Üò,YmoaUA§_b~OmdUr_Üòd
dmVmZwHy$brV`§ÌUoVrbYmoaU_gwXçm§_Yrb$aH$$ŠVempãXH$
Amho!
Aemdoir ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo YmoaU R>a{dbo H$s, nmM Xhm
Q>ŠHo$ OmñVr Kmb{dbo Var MmbVrb nU H$m_ df©-XmoZ df©
WH$boZmhrnm{hOo.Ë`mgmR>rAmJmD$n¡goXoD$ZH$m_mbmgwédmV
Ho$br.~m§YH$m_gm{hË`V`maH$aÊ`mgmR>rh¡Ðm~mXÀ`mH§$nZrbm
H§$ÌmQ> {Xbo. ho gm{hË` °$ŠQ>>arVyZ bmoS> hmoD$Z MoÝZB©bm `m`Mo,
VoWoVoCVadboOm`Mo.VoWyZOhmOmVMT>dyZ{demImnQ²>Q>U_²bm
CVa{dbo Om`Mo d {demImnQ²>Q>U_² òWo nwÝhm MT>dyZ
nmoQ>©ãboAabm CVa{dbo Om`Mo. Aem àH$mao Vo nwÝhm nwÝhm MT>dyZ-
CVadyZ, _mbmMr Zo-AmU H$aÊ`mV nwîH$i doi IM© hmoV Ago.
gJirH$S>o _Zwî`~imMr JaO ^mgV Ago. nmoQ>©ãboAa_YyZ Vo
doJdoJù`m ~oQ>m§da nmohmoMVo H$amdo bmJo. H$maU emim§Mr {R>H$mUo
doJdoJir hmoVr.
àw$ëbZJa_Üò emioMr C^maUr H$aVmZm Ambobm AZw^d
Va$maMdoJimAmho.òWoOmVmZmEH$ZXrbmJVo.VrZmJ_moS>r
diUo KoV dmhmVo. nmUr H$_aoBVHo$ Agob, nU {Vbm ~amo~a
Xhm doim Amobm§Sy>ZM nwT>o OmUo eŠ` hmoVo Aem àH$mao S>moŠ`mda

86
gm{hË` d Xhm doim nm`r ZXr Amobm§Sy>V Vo gm{hË` KoD$Z,
emion`ªV Omdo bmJbo d _JM ~m§YH$m_ H$aVm Ambo.
{OX²X, AmH$m§jm, _ohZVrMr V`mar Agob Va AeŠ` Jmoï>rhr
àË`jmV òVmV, hoM Ho$di `mVyZ àVrV hmoVo. ^JraW à`ËZ
H$ê$Z EH$ EH$ ~m§YH$m_ nyU© Ho$bo, hr ZŠH$sM
dmImUÊ`mgmaIr Jmoï> Amho.
Aem gd© AS>MUt_YyZ, AS>Wù`m§_YyZ OmV. ^maVr` O¡Z
g§KQ>ZoZo EH$ dfm©À`m AmV 11 emim§Mr C^maUr Ho$br. {OWo
gdmªV OmñV AS>Wim, {VWo gdmªV OmñV CËgmhmZo H$m`©, hoM
gyÌ g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`m©V H$m`_ _hÎdmMo R>abo Amho.
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo XoUJrXmam§Zm àËòH$ emiobm qH$dm
Amamo½` H|$Ðmbm òUmam IMm©Mm AmH$S>m gm§{JVbm, Ë`mà_mUo
emim qH$dm Amamo½` H|$ÐmMm IM© Á`m§Zr {Xbm, Ë`m
XoUJrXmamÀ`m ZmdmMm “~moS>©” Ë`m emioÀ`m qH$dm Amamo½`
H|$ÐmÀ`m {R>H$mUr bmdÊ`mV Ambm Amho.
gd© emim§Mo hñVm§VaU H$aÊ`mV Ambo, Vohr R>a{dboë`m doioÀ`m
AmYr! gmR> Q>ŠHo$ {ejH$m§Zm à{e{jV H$aÊ`mV Ambo. Á`m Á`m
emim§_Üò H$m°åß`wQ>a CnbãY hmoVo VoWo H$m°åß`wQ>a~X²Xb à{ejU
XoÊ`mV Ambo. BJS-EDUQIP hm à`moJ òWo am~{dÊ`mV Ambm.
Ë`mX²dmao nwT>À`m {nT>çm§gmR>r gdmªV Mm§Jë`m nÕVrMo {ejU,
_wbm§Zmgj_~Z{dUo,ñdmdb§~r~Z{dUo,AmYw{ZH$V§ÌkmZmer
{ZJS>rV {ejUmMm nm`m nŠH$m H$aUo `mgma»`m Jmoï>tMm
BJS-EDUQIP _Üò g_mdoe H$aÊ`mV Ambm.
A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~magma»`m XþJ©_, A{VXÿa d gmJar ~oQ>m§da
OmD$Z,{ejUmMrnVmH$mdmXidmè`merPw§OXoV,$S>H$mdÊ`mMo
_hmH$R>rU H$m`© ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo, lr. _wWm `m§À`m
AÜ`jVoImbrnmanmS>bo.

87
àmW{_H$ Amamo½` H|$Ðm§Mr C^maUr :àmW{_H$ Amamo½` H|$Ðm§Mr C^maUr :àmW{_H$ Amamo½` H|$Ðm§Mr C^maUr :àmW{_H$ Amamo½` H|$Ðm§Mr C^maUr :àmW{_H$ Amamo½` H|$Ðm§Mr C^maUr :
H$moUË`mhr^mJm_ÜòAm¡fYmonMma,XdmImZm`mJmoï>tMrJaO
Va AgVoM. AmnËVrJ«ñV {R>H$mUr Va $ma Amdí`H$Vm ^mgV
AgVo. A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma hm ~amMgm Am{Xdmgr ^mJ Amho.
AË`mYw{ZH$ gmo`r-gw{dYm§À`m CnbãYVoVrMr JaO BWo {ZpíMV
Amho, hm Ñ{ï>H$moZ _ZmV R>odyZ ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m lr.
_wWm d lr. nmaoI `m§Zr àmW{_H$ Amamo½` H|$Ð d g~ H|$Ðm§À`m
doJdoJiçm {R>H$mUr, C^maUrMm, {ZU©` KoVbm.
9_mM©005amoOrAmamo½`g{Mdm§H$Sy>ZË`m§ZmEHy$U34Amamo½`
H|$Ðm§Mr C^maUr H$aÊ`mMr nadmZJr {_imbr. Ë`m_Üò 4
àmW{_H$ Amamo½` H|$Ð d 30Cn H|$Ðm§Mm g_mdoe hmoVm.
emioÀ`m ~m§YH$m_mà_mUoM `mhr ~m§YH$m_mgmR>r {Z`moOZ Ho$bo.
Am{H©$Q>oŠQ>, B§{O{ZAa, H§$ÌmQ>Xma, _Owam§Mr Zo_UyH$ Ho$br.
~m§YH$m_mMo gm{hË`hr h¡Ðm~mXhÿZ _mJ{dbo OmV hmoVo. BWohr
gd© àH$maMo AS>Wio, AS>MUtMo S>m|Ja nma H$arV H$m`© AmIbo
d àË`jmV AmUbo.
{H«$`meŠVr, BÀN>meŠVr d kmZeŠVr `m§Mm {ÌdoUr g§J_
Á`m{R>H$mUr hmoVmo {VWoM n{dÌVm AgVo, Ë`mVyZM è {_iVo.
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`© åhUOo `m {ÌeŠVtMo EH${ÌH$aUM
hmo`!
àmW{_H$Amamo½`H|$Ðm§MrC^maUrH$aVmZmdoJdoJù`m{R>H$mUr
doJdoJio AZw^d òV Jobo. IynXm ò-Om H$amdr bmJm`Mr,
dmhVwH$sMrgmo`CnbãYZìhVr.~oQ>m§dag§nH©$_mÜ`_Zgm`Mo.
ZmZH$dar J«wn Am°$ Am`b§S>darb AS>MUr :ZmZH$dar J«wn Am°$ Am`b§S>darb AS>MUr :ZmZH$dar J«wn Am°$ Am`b§S>darb AS>MUr :ZmZH$dar J«wn Am°$ Am`b§S>darb AS>MUr :ZmZH$dar J«wn Am°$ Am`b§S>darb AS>MUr :
òWrb H$_moQ>m© òWo 14 àmW{_H$ Amamo½` CnH|$Ðm§Mr C^maUr
H$aÊ`mVAmbr.`m~oQ>m§n`ªVnmohmoMÊ`mgmR>rHo$diEH$MOhmO
CnbãY hmoVo. Vohr n§Yam {Xdgm§VyZ EH$Xm! nmoQ>©ãboAadê$Z

88
{ZKmbobo OhmO H$_moQ>m©bm òUma VoWyZ nwT>o Om`bm XmoZ {Xdg
Am{U `mM naVUmè`m OhmOmZo nmoQ>©ãboAabm nwÝhm OmUo eŠ`
Ago. Ë`m_wio EH$Xm ZmZH$dar qH$dm H$_moQ>m©bm Ambobr ì`ŠVr
n§Yam {Xdgm§ZrM nmoQ>©ãboAabm òB© qH$dm ~m§YH$m_mVrb
H$moUVohr N>moQ>o _moR>o gm{hË`hr nmoQ>©ãboAadê$Z AmUÊ`mgmR>r
n§Yam {Xdg dmQ> nmhmdr bmJo! VgoM ~m§YH$m_mMo gm{hË`
h¡Ðm~mXhÿZ MoÝZB©, {demImnQ²>Q>U_² _mJ} nmoQ>©ãboAabm
Amë`mZ§Va VoWyZ doJdoJù`m ~oQ>m§da nmR>{dÊ`mgmR>r $maM
H$gaV H$amdr bmJo. _moR>_moR>o erQ>g² Ajae: S>moŠ`mda KoD$Z
OhmOm_ÜòMT>dyZnwÝhmZo_Š`m{R>H$mUrCVadyZ¿`mdobmJV.
Aem gd© H$gaVtVyZ H$_moQ>m ~oQ>m§da 14 CnH|$Ðo ñWmnZ Ho$br.
nU Vnm±J `m {R>H$mUr _mÌ doJirM AS>MU hmoVr. BWo Amamo½`
H|$ÐmMo {R>H$mU C§M Q>oH$S>rda hmoVo d Ë`m {R>H$mUmn`ªV gm{hË`
ZoUo H${R>U hmoVo.
lr. àw$ëb nmaoI `m§À`m XoIaoIrImbr Amamo½` H|$Ðm§À`m
C^maUrMo H$m`© nma nS>V hmoVo. Vo AmR>dS>çmVyZ EH$Xm g§nyU©
H$m_mÀ`m g§X^m©Vrb AmT>mdm gaH$mabm gmXa H$arV.
gaH$maÀ`m Ñï>rZo hm AJXrM doJim AZw^d hmoVm, hm ^mJ
AbJ hmoVm! Ë`m_wio gaH$maXa~mar Ho$di AmíM`©M ì`ŠV
hmoB©, H$maU AmVmn`ªV gaH$maV}$ EH$mhr B_maVrMo
^y{_nyOZhr Pmbo ZìhVo H$s `m ~oQ>m§n`ªV H$moUr nmohmoMbohr
ZìhVo. Ë`m§À`m H$m_mÀ`m AmT>mì`mV XmoZ-VrZXm Vnm±JMo H$m_
am{hbo Amho, Agm CëboI hmoVm. Va EH$m ì`ŠVrZo Ë`m§Zm
gm§{JVbo, Vo gm{hË` bdH$a CMbyZ ~m§YH$m_mgmR>r Zmhr
dmnabo Va Iam~ hmoB©b H$maU Ë`m ^mJmV Imè`m O{_ZrMo/
Imè`mnmÊ`mMo à_mU OmñV Amho. Ë`mà_mUo lr. nmaoI
nmoQ>©ãboAadê$Z Vnm±Jbm Ambo. ñdV: Q>oH$S>r nm`r MTy>Z Jobo.

89
nm`m V`ma Pmbobm hmoVm. nbrH$S>o dñVr hmoVr, nU Ho$di
gm{hË` Ë`m OmJon`ªV, dan`ªV AmUÊ`mnmgyZ nyU© ~m§YH$m_
Wm§~bobo hmoVo.
Ë`mZwgma àw$ëb^mBªZr ñWm{ZH$ _Owam§Zm {dZ§Vr Ho$br nU Vo
H$mhr V`ma hmoB©ZmV. _J gaH$maH$S>o H$mhr _Oya d ñWm{ZH$
_Oya {_iyZ AS>Vrg OUm§Zm 500 é. amoO R>adyZ Vo gm{hË`
dan`ªV ZoÊ`mg Ë`m§Zr H$go~go V`ma Ho$bo Vo ñdV:
Ë`m§À`m~amo~a MmbV am{hbo Am{U gm_mZ nmohmoMdyZ KoVbo,
~m§YH$m_ Ho$bo d Amamo½` H|$ÐmMr C^maUr Ho$br.
EH$m EH$m emiogmR>r EH$ H§$ÌmQ>Xma qH$dm EH$m Amamo½` H|$ÐmgmR>r
EH$ H§$ÌmQ>Xma Aer {d^mJUr H$ê$Z H$m_ Ho$bo.
B§{Xam nm°BªQ>- ^maVmMo gdmªV eodQ>Mo Q>moH$, `mbm B§{Xam nm°BªQ>
åhUVmV, òWo 10 dJmªMr EH$ emim d VrZ àmW{_H$ Amamo½`
CnH|$Ðm§Mr C^maUr Ho$br.
àËòH$ Amamo½` H|$ÐmMr C^maUr Pmë`mZ§Va hñVm§VaUmMm EH$
H$m`©H«$_ R>odÊ`mV òB©. gd© Amamo½` H|$Ðm§À`m C^maUrZ§Va
hñVm§VaUmMm H$m`©H«$_ ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo AmIbm. VoWrb
g{Md XOm©Mo A{YH$mar, Am{Xdmgr H$m¡pÝgbMo AÜ`j, gXñ`
`m§Zmhr {Z_§{ÌV Ho$bo. H$m`©H«$_ R>abm nU AMmZH$nUo àw$ëb
nmaoIm§Zm {Zamon Ambm H$s, “AmnU ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMm
H$m`©H«$_ Xþgè`m {Xder R>ody.’’ lr. nmaoI `m§Zr {dMmaUm Ho$br
H$s,“H$m ~Xb hmoV Amho?’’ Va CËVa Ambo H$s, “Ë`mM {Xder
n§VàYmZm§À`m hñVo EH$ ^y{_nyOZmMm H$m`©H«$_ Amho!’’
AemgH$s` g§ñWm Á`m{Xder g§nyU© ~m§YH$m_ H$ê$Z gaH$mabm
hñVm§VaU H$ê$ BpÀN>V hmoVr, Ë`m {Xder gaH$ma _mÌ ~m§YH$m_
gwê$ H$aÊ`mMm {dMma H$aUma hmoVo!
gaH$mar H$m`©nÕVrMm EH$ Z_wZm :gaH$mar H$m`©nÕVrMm EH$ Z_wZm :gaH$mar H$m`©nÕVrMm EH$ Z_wZm :gaH$mar H$m`©nÕVrMm EH$ Z_wZm :gaH$mar H$m`©nÕVrMm EH$ Z_wZm :

90
A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma àemgZ d ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zo_Üò Ago
R>abo H$s, gd© Amamo½` H|$Ðm§_Üò Amdí`H$ AgUmè`m gw{dYm
CXm. IwÀ`m©, Q>o~b, ñQ>oQ>moñH$mon, EŠgao _{eZ dJ¡ao dJ¡ao
A_o[aHo$À`m S>màoŠQ> B§Q>aZ°eZb [a{b$ g§ñWoH$Sy>Z
_mJ{dÊ`mV `mì`mV. ho gd© gm{hË` A_o[aHo$hÿZ gaH$maÀ`m
Zmdo ~§XamV òB©b, åhUOo _mb CVadVmZm, gmoS>dVmZm H$ñQ>_
S>çwQ>r, EŠgmB©O S>çwQ>r, gpìh©g MmO©, Am°ŠQ´>m°` ^maVr` O¡Z
g§KQ>Zobm âmdm bmJUma Zmhr. nU ~mH$s gd© IM© g§KQ>Zm
H$aob. gaH$mabm EH$hr én`m IM© H$amdm bmJUma Zmhr.
`m{df`r Amamo½` g{Md d ~rOoEg `m§À`m_Üò Iyn
ôQ>rJmR>rA§Vr {ZU©` Pmbm H$s, gd© gm{hË` A_o[aHo$hÿZ hoëW
S>màoŠQ>aÀ`m ZmdmZo òB©b, OoUoH$Sy>Z ~mH$s IM© dmMob d
H$mJXnÌm§Mr nyV©Vm H$aÊ`mMm doi dmMob.
Ë`mà_mUoA_o[aHo$hÿZgd©gm{hË`MoÝZB©nmoQ>©bmAmbo.na§VwVoWyZ
Vo gm{hË` Vmã`mV KoÊ`mg gaH$mar A{YH$mè`m§Zr gmV-AmR>
_{hZoKmb{dbo.H$mJXnÌm§À`mO§OmimV,bmb{$VrVVogd©gm{hË`
d _hÎdmMo Am¡fYo gmV-AmR> _{hZo ~§XamVM nSy>Z hmoVo.
Am¡fYm§gma»`mJmoï>t~m~Vdma§dma{dZ§VrH$ê$ZhrEdT>r{Xa§JmB©
Ho$br Omdr, hr IamoIa Xþ:IX Am{U XþX£dr Jmoï> Amho.
AmnËVrÀ`m doir gaH$maZo H$moUË`m doir H$m` {ZU©` ¿`mdoV
`m~Ôb {deof {Z`_mdbr Agmdr, EdT>mM {ZîH$f© AmnU `mVyZ
H$mTy> eH$Vmo!
gJiçmemim§À`mdàmW{_H$Amamo½`H|$Ðm§À`mB_maVtMm{d_m
^maVrÒ¡Zg§KQ>ZoZoCVa{dbmAmho.XÿaÑï>rdAgm_mÝ`YmoaU
`mMmM hm CËH¥$ï> Z_wZm hmo`.
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zobm Amboë`m gaH$ma{df`rÀ`m AZw^dmVyZ
nwT>rb AmnËVr{df`r YmoaUmË_H$ {ZU©` à{H«$`m am~{dÊ`mV

91
`mdr, Ë`mgmR>r H$mhr _wÔo {dMmamV KoUo Amdí`H$ AmhoV Vo
åhUOo-
A§X_mZ {ZH$mo~ma_Üò ~m§Yboë`m gd© emioÀ`m B_maVtMm
AmamIS>m gaH$maZo Vm|S>r _§Oya Ho$bm Amho. nU AOyZhr
H$mJXmonÌr _§Oya Pmbobm Zmhr. ~m§YH$m_ nyU© hmoD$Z, Ë`mMo
hñVm§VaU gaH$maH$S>o Pmbo. emim gwê$ hmoD$Z, _wbo emioV
Om`bm bmJbr, Varhr _§Oyar {Xbobr Zmhr!
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm hr EH$ ñd`§godr g§ñWm Amho. gd© Wam§Vrb
bmoH$ {_iyZ AmnËVrJ«ñVm§À`m _XVrgmR>r n¡gm C^m H$aVmV.
gaH$maH$Sy>Z n¡gm KoVbm OmV Zmhr, gmd©O{ZH$ n¡emVyZ `m
B_maVr,gw{dYmCä`mamhVmV.EH$gm_m{OH$~m§{YbH$såhUyZ
ho gd© H$m`© hmoV AgVo. nU gaH$mar _§S>ir `m H$m`m©H$S>o AemM
Ñï>rZo nmhVmV Ago Zmhr. VgoM ~m§YH$m_mÀ`m H$m_mgmR>r
ñWm{ZH$ _Oya, H$m_ H$aUmao bmoH$ {_iV ZmhrV. {_imbo Var
Vo $ma n¡em§Mr _mJUr H$aVmV. Aem doir Ë`m§Zrhr gm_m{OH$
H$m`© H$amdo, Agm g§KQ>ZoMm CÔoe Zmhr. nU ñd`§godr g§ñWm§Mr,
_XVrMm hmV XoUmè`m§Mr AmnU byQ> Va H$arV Zmhr Zm? `mMmhr
Hw$R>oVar {dMma hmoUo {ZpíMVnUo Oéar Amho.
H$moUVohrH$m`©gaH$maÀ`mnadmZJr{edm`nmanmSy>eH$VZmhr.
Ë`mgmR>r gaH$mar A{YH$mè`m§~amo~a dma§dma ~¡R>H$m KoD$Z {ZU©`
¿`mdo bmJVmV. {ZU©` Oar Mm§Jbo KoVbo Var eodQ>r Ë`mMo $i
H$go Agm`bm hdo? H$m` AS>MUr òVrb? Ë`mVyZ H$moUVo _mJ©
{ZKy eH$Vrb? `m gd© Jmoï>t{df`r AmYrM {dMma{d{Z_`
Pmbm Agob Va doi, n¡gm IM© H$ê$Zhr níMmÎmmn nmdÊ`mMr
doi òV Zmhr.
CXm. _mJo gm§{JVë`mà_mUo A_o[aHo$hÿZ Am¡fY d gm{hË`
òD$Zhr gaH$mar A{YH$mè`m§À`m {Xa§JmB© YmoaUm_wio gmV-AmR>

92
_{hZo Vo ~§XamVM nSy>Z hmoVo.
nmaXe©H$VoMm A^md, EH$ hmVr {ZU©` à{H«$`m Zmhr,
àemgZmVrb {Z`_m§_Üò, H$m_H$mO nÕVt_Üò ÌwQ>r, VÁkm§Mr
H$_VaVm, nwT>o OmD$Z Zo_Ho$ H$m` H$am`Mo Amho? `m{df`rMo
gwgyÌ YmoaU Zmhr. `m_wio H$moUVohr H$m_ doioV nyU© hmoD$M eH$V
Zmhr.
{dOoMrCnbãYVVmËd[aVH$ê$ZXoUo,hoIaoVagaH$maMogdmªV
àW_ H$V©ì` d _hÎdmMo H$m_ hmo`. nU Vohr doioda hmoD$ eH$V
Zmhr.
A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Yrb, XÿadaÀ`m ~oQ>m§da ~m§YH$m_ gwê$ hmoVo,
Voìhm OZaoQ>aÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo H$m`© Ho$bo OmB©. nU {S>PobgmR>r,
OZaoQ>a_Üò H$mhr {~KmS> Pmë`mg XþéñVrgmR>r nmoQ>©ãboAabm
`mdo bmJo. Ë`mgmR>r {H$_mZ n§Yam {Xdg Wm§~mdo bmJo H$maU
OhmO n§Yam {XdgmVyZ EH$XmM gwQ>V Ago. åhUOo n§Yam {Xdg
gd© H$m_H$mO R>ßn hmoD$Z amhmV Ago.
H|$Ðem{gV àXoem§_Üò AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZmMr EH$ doJirM
{Z`_mdbr Agmd`mg hdr. gaH$ma, AemgH$s` g§ñWm d
OZVo_Üò {ZpíMV ñdénmMo ghH$m`© AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
àemgH$s` A{YH$mè`m§Zm AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZmMo à{ejU {Xbo
nm{hOo à{e{jV A{YH$mar EImXçm AmnËVrJ«ñV {R>H$mUr
Zo_ë`mZ§Va Ë`mMr ~Xbr ìhmd`mg ZH$mo. Xþgè`m A{YH$mè`mZo
òD$Z g§nyU© à{H«$`m g_OmdyZ KoD$Z H$m_mbm gwédmV H$aon`ªV
doioMmAnì`hmoVamhmVmo.
AemgH$s` g§ñWm d gaH$ma_Üò hmoV Agboë`m gmIir Mo
_wÔo V`ma H$am`bm d $mB©bda gJirH$Sy>Z ghçm hmoD$Z
`m`bm ghm _{hZo bmJVmV Vo gd© _wÔo EH$m {d{eï> {Z`_m§X²dmao
gaH$maH$S>o gd© amÁ`m§gmR>r V`ma AgmdoV.

93
^yH§$nàdU joÌmà_mUo åhUOo PmoZ 1 Vo 5 à_mUo, ~m§YH$m_mMm,
{d{eï> àH$maMm AmamIS>m gaH$maH$S>o V`ma Agmdm.
AmnËVrJ«ñV ^mJmgmR>r gaH$maH$Sy>Z Ëd[aV dmhVwH$sMr gmo`
Ho$bobr Agbr nm{hOo. H$mhr à_mUmV AemgH$s` g§ñWm§Mr
_XV KoVbr Omdr. nU dmhVyH$ ì`dñWm gwairV Agob Va
AmnËVrJ«ñVm§gmR>r doioda _XV nmoM{dUo gwb^ hmoD$Z OmVo.
àmW{_H$Amamo½`H|$Ðm§À`mC^maUrdoirg§KQ>ZoÀ`mH$m_Jmam§Zm
Iyn doim àdmg, ò-Om H$amdr bmJo. dmhVwH$sMr gmo` ZìhVr,
OoQ²>Q>r nmÊ`mImbr Jobo hmoVo. H$m_Jmam§Zm H$m_mda nmR>{dbo H$s
Ë`m§À`mer g§nH©$ hmoD$ eH$V Zgo. Ë`m_wio nwT>rb H$m`©H«$_m{df`r
H$mhrM _m{hVr {_iV Zgo.
nU VoWrb àemgZ Ooìhm EH$Ì ~¡R>H$ ~mobdV Ago, Voìhm _mÌ,
H$m_ Hw$R>n`ªV Ambo? d H$Yr nyU© hmoUma åhUyZ {dMmaUm hmoB©.
H$Yr H$Yr nÌo òV, “H$m_mbm C{ea hmoV Amho Am{U AmnU
H$m_ H$m R>ßn R>odbo Amho, `mMr H$maUo Xçm?”
ZmZH$dar J«wn Am°$ Am`b§S>_Üò, àmW{_H$ Amamo½` H|$Ðm§Mr
C^maUrMo H$m`© gwê$ hmoVo. àr °$~«rHo$Q>oS> gm{hË` °$ŠQ>arVyZ
~§XamV òD$Z nmohmoMbo hmoVo. nU dmhVwH$sÀ`m àíZm_wio gd©
gm{hË` ~§XamV nSy>Z hmoVo. Á`m {R>H$mUr H|$Ðm§Mr C^maUr
H$am`Mr VoWn`ªV H$moUrhr nmohmoMy eH$V ZìhVo.
AJXr gaH$maMo bmoH$XoIrb! àM§S> à{VHy$b hdm_mZ, nmD$g,
g_wÐ Idibobm Am{U Ë`mV ^yH§$nmMo N>moQ>o-_moR>o YŠHo$ ~gV.
AemH$R>rUn[apñWVrVhrg§KQ>ZoMoH$m`©H$V},AÜ`j{XdgamÌ
PQy>Z H$m_ nma nmS>rV hmoVo. VargwÕm H$m_ nyU© H$m Zmhr Ho$bo
åhUyZ AemgH$s` g§ñWobm gaH$maZo {dMmaUo åhUOo
Aemo^Zr`!

94
H$ma{ZH$mo~ma_Üò Xhm àmW{_H$ Amamo½` H|$Ðm§À`m C^maUrMo
H$m`©gwê$hmoVo.AmR>n¡H$sghmMo~m§YH$m_nyU©H$ê$ZgaH$maH$S>o
hñVm§VaU Ho$bo hmoVo. XmoZMo ~m§YH$m_ gwê$ hmoVo Va XmoZn`ªV
nmohmoMÊ`mgmR>r OmJmM ZìhVr. {VWon`ªV gm{hË` nmoMdm`Mo
H$go åhUyZ {dMma{d{Z_` gwê$ hmoVm. Iè`m AWm©Zo XmoZM
~m§YH$m_m{dZm ~mH$s hmoVo, Va gaH$ma {dMmaVo H$s, “H$m_mbm
H$m C{ea hmoV Amho?’’
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo Ho$boë`m `m àM§S> H$m`m©Mr àe§gm S>màoŠQ>
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104
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119
AÝZnm{H$Q>o nwa{dV AgVmV. `mV AYm© {H$bmo {MdS>m, 100
J«°_ gmIa, $agmU, H±$S>ëg, AmJnoQ>tMm g_mdoe Ago.
Ë`m{edm` nwÊ`mVrb bmoH$m§Zr Odinmg 10000 bmoH$m§Zm dmQ>Vm
òB©b, Ago H$mnS> {Xbo Va H$mhtZr ~mXbr, ^m§S>r, nm§KéU {Xbo.
Ho$ga Jwbm~ _wZmoV ZodmgH$a `m§Zr A°åã`wbÝg {Xbr.
XmoZ _{hÝ`m§À`m H$mbmdYr_Üò AÝZ, dñÌ, {Zdmam `m§Mo
g_mYmZH$maH$arË`m nwadR>m H$aÊ`mV Ambm. ^maVr` O¡Z
g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr `m AË`§V à{VHy$b d J§^ra
n[apñWVr_Üò, YmoH$mXm`H$ pñWVr_Üò nyd©nXmda òÊ`mgmR>r
IamoIa A{daV H$ï> KoVbo.
lr. em§{Vbmb _wWm§Mr AmnËVrJ«ñVm§er ôQ> :lr. em§{Vbmb _wWm§Mr AmnËVrJ«ñVm§er ôQ> :lr. em§{Vbmb _wWm§Mr AmnËVrJ«ñVm§er ôQ> :lr. em§{Vbmb _wWm§Mr AmnËVrJ«ñVm§er ôQ> :lr. em§{Vbmb _wWm§Mr AmnËVrJ«ñVm§er ôQ> :
[abr$ H±$n Am{U _o{S>H$b H±$nbm lr. _wWm `m§Zr ôQ> {Xbr.
g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`m©Mr {~hma òWrb d¥ËVnÌm§Zr $ma _moR>çm
à_mUmda XIb KoVbr. lr. {ZVreHw$_ma, _w»`_§Ìr, {~hma
amÁ` `m§Zr H±$nbm ôQ> {Xbr. Á`m VoOrZo _XVH$m`© gwê$ hmoVo,
Ë`mMr Ë`m§Zr â^ê$Z àe§gm Ho$br. OZVmXbmMo AÜ`j
lr. eaX `mXd, Am{U lr. Za|Ð `mXd `m§Zr XoIrb H$m`m©Mr
àe§gm Ho$br. ñWm{ZH$ bmoH$m§Zm `m H$m`m©_wio $ma {Xbmgm
{_imbm.

120
11. g§doXZerbVoZo AmnËVrbm gm_moao OmVmZm11. g§doXZerbVoZo AmnËVrbm gm_moao OmVmZm11. g§doXZerbVoZo AmnËVrbm gm_moao OmVmZm11. g§doXZerbVoZo AmnËVrbm gm_moao OmVmZm11. g§doXZerbVoZo AmnËVrbm gm_moao OmVmZm
AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m joÌmV H$m`©aV AgUmar ^maVr` O¡Z
g§KQ>Zm, hr EH$ ñd`§godr g§ñWm Amho. AmnËVrJ«ñVm§Zm Ëd[aV
_XV {_imdr, Or{dV d {dËVhmZr H$_r ìhmdr `m hoVyZo hr
g§ñWm AmnËVr {ZdmaUmMo H$m`© H$aVo.
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo AmnËVr {ZdmaU H$m`m©Vrb R>iH$ ~m~r-
· AmnËVrJ«ñVm§Mr Ëd[aV gwQ>H$m d _XVH$m`© nwa{dUo.
· AmnËVr_wio ~gboë`m _mZ{gH$ YŠŠ`mVyZ bhmZ _wbm§Zm
~mhoa H$mT>Uo.
· bhmZ _wbm§Mo e¡j{UH$ nwZd©gZ H$aUo.
· à{e{jV H$m`©H$V} V`ma H$aUo.
lr.em§Vrbmb_wWm`m§À`mAÜ`jVoImbrgwê$Pmboë`m^maVr`
O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo Xoe^am_Ü`o Pmboë`m ^yH§$nmXaå`mZ AmnËVr
{ZdmaU d AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZmMo $ma _moR>o d àoaUmXm`r H$m`©
Ho$bo Amho. AË`§V ~maH$mB©Zo {Z`moOZ H$ê$Z, AmnËVr

121
ì`dñWmnZmMo H$m`© Ë`m§Zr nma nmS>bo Amho. AmnËVrMr KQ>Zm
KS>bobr g_OVmM Vo àW_ dmKmobr òWrb WERC H|$Ðmda gd©
H$m`©H$Ë`mªMr ~¡R>H$ KoVmV d nwT>rb AmamIS>m R>a{dVmV.
1. _XV d gwQ>H$m: AmnËVrJ«ñVm§Mr gwQ>H$m H$aUo, Ë`m§Zm
gwa{jVñWir hb{dUo d àW_monMma H$aUo `m _hÎdmÀ`m
H$m`m©bm ~rOoEg àma§^ H$aVo.
2. ^yH§$nJ«ñV ^mJmMr H$m`©H$Ë`mªH$Sy>Z nmhUr Ho$br OmVo.
Ahdmb ~Z{dbo OmVmV, H±$n C^mabo OmVmV. emgZmH$Sy>Z
_XVH$m`m©gmR>r nadmZJr KoVbr OmVo Am{U BVa OUm§er
g§nH©$ gmYbm OmVmo.
3. H$m`©H$Ë`mªMr $ir V`ma Ho$br OmVo. H$m_o {d^mJyZ {Xbr
OmVmV. H$m_mMo ì`dpñWV dmQ>n hmoVo.
4. H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm O~m~Xmar AmIyZ {Xbr OmVo. Q>r_brS>a
{ZdS>bm OmVmo d àËòH$ Q>r_H$S>o doJdoJù`m H$m_m§À`m
O~m~Xmè`m gmon{dë`m OmVmV.
5. AmnËVrÀ`m {R>H$mUr H$m`©H$Ë`mªZmXoIrb $ma H$R>rU
n[apñWVrbm Vm|S> Xçmdo bmJVo. gd© àH$maÀ`m AS>MUtVyZ
_mJ© H$mTy>Z _XVH$m`© gwê$ R>odÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm à{e{jV
H$aÊ`mMr, Ë`m§Mo Y¡`© dmT>{dÊ`mMr JaO AgVo. Aem
à{e{jV H$m`©H$Ë`mªMr Q>r_ ~rOoEgH$S>o Amho.
6. _XV H$m`© H$aVmZm H$m`©H$Ë`mªZmhr AZoH$ Jmoï>tZm Vm|S>
Xçmdo bmJVo, CXm. dmVmdaUmVrb ~Xb, Amdí`H$
gmo`rgw{dYm§Mm A^md, AdVr^modVr BVñVV: nS>bobo
_¥VXohqH$dmAmOmar_mUgo,g§gJ©OÝàmoJ¡$bmdÊ`mMr
eŠ`Vm. ñdÀN>VoMm A^md `m_wio H$m`©H$Ë`mªH$S>o ho gd©
ghZ H$aÊ`mMr VmH$X, j_Vm AgUo Iyn OéarMo Amho.

122
7. ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm H$m`©H$Ë`mªMr Oer $ir V`ma R>odVo
VgoM gm{hË` dmQ>nmMo XoIrb gyÌ~ÕarË`m {Z`moOZ
H$aVo.`m_ÜòA§WéU-nm§KéU,Amdí`H$Vr^m§S>r,Mhm,
gmIa, Vm§Xÿi, S>mi, H$mS>onoQ>r, H$nS>o, ñQ>moìh, am°Ho$b Aem
gd© gm{hË`mMo EH$ H$sQ> V`ma H$ê$Z Vo dmQ>n H$aUo.
8. [abr$ H±$nMr C^maUr- ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm
AmnËVrJ«ñV {R>H$mUr Amnbm [abr$ H±$n C^maVo. `m
H±$nMr C^maUr eŠ`Vmo _w»` añË`mbm bmJyZ d
JmdmnmgyZ OdiÀ`m A§Vamda Ho$br OmVo. BboŠQ´>r{gQ>r,
XiUdiUmMrgmYZo,H$m°åß`wQ>g©,°$Šg_{eZMrgmYZo,
OZaoQ>a Aem gd© Jmoï>tMr CnbãYVm H±$nda Ho$br OmVo.
`m{edm` nyduÀ`m AmnËVrÀ`m {R>H$mUr Ho$boë`m H$m_mMo
Ahdmb gdmªÀ`m _m{hVrgrR>r R>odbo OmVmV. ^maVr` O¡Z
g§KQ>ZoÀ`m {Z`moOZ~Õ H±$nH$S>o gdmªMoM bj doYbo OmVo.
Jmdm_Üò EH§$XarVM doJio dmVmdaU V`ma hmoVo. Ë`m_wio
_XV gm{hË` KoD$Z òUmao bmoH$gwÕm Amnbo gm{hË`
g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H±$nda CVa{dVmV. H$maU g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`©H$V}
Vo gm{hË` Vn{ebdma dmQ>n H$aUma, `mMr gdmªZm ImÌr
AgVo.
9. dmhVyH$ì`dñWm-AmnËVrÀ`mdoirdmhVwH$sÀ`mgmYZm§Mr
$ma JaO nS>Vo. dmhVyH$ ì`dñWoMr JaO nS>Vo. ^yH§$nm_wio
~hþVm§er doim añË`m§Mo ZwH$gmZ Pmbobo AgVo. ^maVr`
O¡Z g§KQ>Zm ñdV:H$S>À`m dmhZm§Mm dmna H$aVo, `m{edm`
H$m`©H$Ë`mªÀ`m dmhZm§Mmhr doiÀ`mdoir dmna Ho$bm OmVmo.
~è`mMXm {S>Pob, noQ´>mobMm IM© ~rOoEgH$Sy>ZM Ho$bm
OmVmo, nU H$Yr H$Yr emgZ {S>Pob-noQ´>mobgmR>r ghH$m`©
H$aVo.

123
10. Am{W©H$ {Z`moOZ- ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm AmnËVrJ«ñVm§À`m
gwQ>H$m d nwZd©gZmMo H$m`© lr. em§VrbmbOr _wWm `m§À`m
ñdV:À`m §$S>g² d [agmog}g_YyZ H$aVo. _XV H$m`© gwê$
Pmë`mZ§Va d¥ËVnÌ g_yh, amOH$s` ZoVo, _moR>_moR>çm
H§$nÝ`m `m§À`mX²dmao Am{W©H$ {ZYrMo g§H$bZ Ho$bo OmVo.
d¥ËVnÌ g_yh qH$dm _moR>_moR>çm H§$nÝ`m§X²dmao _moR>çm à_mUmda
{ZYrMo g§H$bZ hmoD$ eH$Vo. nU `m {ZYrMm `mo½` àH$mao
{d{Z`moJ H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ H$aÊ`mgmR>r {dídmgmh© g§ñWoMr
{ZpíMVM JaO ^mgVo. ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMo AÜ`j
lr. em§VrbmbOtZr `m~m~VrV Iyn Mm§Jbo Zmd d {dídmg
H$_mdbm Amho. hmVr KoVbobo H$m`© AË`§V VÝ_`VoZo VS>rg Zobo
Amho. XoUJrXmam§Zm {Xboë`m XoUJrMo MrO ìhmdo, hr gdmªV
_hÎdmMr Jmoï> ~rOoEg V}$ nyU© Ho$br OmVo.
åhUyZM AmnËVrJ«ñVm§gmR>r ~rOoEgMo _XV H$m`© hm $ma _moR>m
{Xbmgm AgVmo.
~rOoEgV}$ am~{dë`m OmUmè`m àË`j _XV H$m`m©_Üò~rOoEgV}$ am~{dë`m OmUmè`m àË`j _XV H$m`m©_Üò~rOoEgV}$ am~{dë`m OmUmè`m àË`j _XV H$m`m©_Üò~rOoEgV}$ am~{dë`m OmUmè`m àË`j _XV H$m`m©_Üò~rOoEgV}$ am~{dë`m OmUmè`m àË`j _XV H$m`m©_Üò
`m ~m~tMm {Z`moOZnyd©H$ g_mdoe Ho$bm OmVmo :`m ~m~tMm {Z`moOZnyd©H$ g_mdoe Ho$bm OmVmo :`m ~m~tMm {Z`moOZnyd©H$ g_mdoe Ho$bm OmVmo :`m ~m~tMm {Z`moOZnyd©H$ g_mdoe Ho$bm OmVmo :`m ~m~tMm {Z`moOZnyd©H$ g_mdoe Ho$bm OmVmo :
1) AmnËVrJ«ñV ^mJmMm g§nyU© gìh} H$ê$Z narjU Ahdmb
V`ma Ho$bm OmVmo.
2) AmnËVrJ«ñV ^mJmMm ^m¡Jmo{bH$Ñï>çm Aä`mg H$ê$Z
Ë`m~ahÿHy$_ Ahdmb V`ma Ho$bm OmVmo. `m Aä`mgmA§Vr
{ZîH$f© H$mT>bm OmVmo H$s, AmnËVrJ«ñV ^mJ IS Code
1893 à_mUo H$moUË`m {gpñ_H$ PmoZ Imbr òVmo.
3) AmnËVrJ«ñV ^mJm_Üò ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm EH$ _XV
H|$Ð C^maVo. g§KQ>ZoMo _w»` H$m`m©b` nwUo òWo Amho. nU
VËH$m{bZ H$m_mgmR>r Ë`m Ë`m ^mJmV EH$m _XV H|$ÐmMr
Amdí`H$Vm AgVo.

124
4) AmnËVrJ«ñVm§À`m nwZd©gZ H$m`m©g§~§Yr {ZU©` KoVmZm
g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`©H$V} d AÜ`j Ë`m Ë`m amÁ`mVrb gaH$ma,
OZVm, JmdH$ar `m§À`mer {dMma{d{Z_` H$aVo.
5) AmnËVrJ«ñVm§gmR>rÀ`m nwZd©gZmg§~§{YV B_maVtMm
AmamIS>m V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r à»`mV dmñVwaMZmH$mam§Mr
Zo_UyH$ Ho$br OmVo.
6) H§$ÌmQ>Xmam§Mr {Z`wŠVr Ho$br OmVo.
7) emgZ, dmñVwaMZmH$ma, H§$ÌmQ>Xma, JmdH$ar d _XV
{_iUmar ì`ŠVr `m gd© ì`ŠVter gVV MMm©,
{dMma{d{Z_` H$ê$ZM g§nyU© nwZd©gZmMm AmamIS>m
V`ma Ho$bm OmVmo.
8) nwZd©gZmMo H$m`© hmVr KoVmZm ñWm{ZH$ _§S>itZm gh^mJr
H$ê$Z KoVbo OmVo. Á`m_wio Ë`m§Zm H$mhr amoOJma g§Yr
CnbãYhmoVrb.
9) _Owam§Zm à{ejU {Xbo OmVo. AmnËVrJ«ñV {R>H$mUr Ho$bo
OmUmao ~m§YH$m_ ho BVa ~m§YH$m_mhÿZ {Zamio AgVo.
Ë`m_wio Aem ~m§YH$m_mda H$m_ H$aÊ`mgmR>r Hw$eb
_Owam§Mr JaO AgVo.
10) Am{W©H${ZYrMog§H$bZHo$boOmVodÁ`m§À`mH$Sy>ZAm{W©H$
{ZYr {_idbm Amho, Ë`m XoUJrXmam§Zm Xa n§Yam {Xdgm§Zr
H$m`m©Vrb àJVrMm AmT>mdm nwa{dbm OmVmo.
Aem àH$mao àË`oH$ AmnËVrJ«ñV ^mJmV _XVH$m`© C^mê$Z
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo Amnë`m àË`j H$m`m©Mm S>m|Ja
em§VrbmbOtÀ`m AÜ`jVoImbr C^mabm Amho. Ë`mVrb
à_wIH$m`©.

125
1) 1992 À`m OmVr` X§JbtZ§Va em§Vr d gbmo»`mgmR>r
em§Vr`mÌoMo Am`moOZ.
2) WERC dmKmobr òWo AmnËVrJ«ñV _wbm§gmR>r H$m`_ñdê$nr
e¡j{UH$ d nwZd©gZ H|$ÐmMr ñWmnZm.
3) JwOamV_Üò Ad¿`m 90 {Xdgm§_Üò 368 emim§Mr
C^maUr.
4) A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma_Üò AS>Wiçm§Mr e`©V nma H$arV,
Ho$di EH$m dfm©V 11 emim d 34 àmW{_H$ Amamo½` H|$Ðm§Mr
C^maUr Ho$br.
5) Oå_yH$mí_ra_Üò870{ZdmamJ¥hm§MrAd¿`m40{Xdgm§V
C^maUr.
6) {~hma_Üò XmoZ bmIm§nojm OmñV nyaJ«ñVm§Zm ghm _{hZo
_XVH$m`© nwadbo.
7) _oiKmQ>_Yrb Hw$nmofUJ«ñV _wbm§Mo {ejUmgmR>r H$m`©aV.
_oiKmQ>_Yrb Am{Xdmgt_Üò {ejU d Amamo½`{df`r
à~moYZ d Ë`mVyZM H«$m§VrH$mar ~Xb KS>dyZ AmUbo.
8) amÁ`g^m d bmoH$g^m `m ^maVmÀ`m XmoÝhr g^mJ¥hm§_Üò
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`m©Mr dmImUUr Ho$br Jobr.
9) AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZmVrb {dídgZr` g§ñWm Aer emgZ
Xa~mar ~rOoEgMr »`mVr Pmbr Amho.
10) EH$m AmnËVr_Üò dmnabobo gm{hË` H$mTy>Z Xþgè`m
AmnËVr_Üò dmnaÊ`mMo d doi d n¡gm dmM{dÊ`mMr AË`§V
H$ënH$ `moOZm ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo {Xbr Amho.

126
AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZ H$m`m©_Üò ~rOoEgnwT>o C^r R>mH$bobrAmnËVr ì`dñWmnZ H$m`m©_Üò ~rOoEgnwT>o C^r R>mH$bobrAmnËVr ì`dñWmnZ H$m`m©_Üò ~rOoEgnwT>o C^r R>mH$bobrAmnËVr ì`dñWmnZ H$m`m©_Üò ~rOoEgnwT>o C^r R>mH$bobrAmnËVr ì`dñWmnZ H$m`m©_Üò ~rOoEgnwT>o C^r R>mH$bobr
AmìhmZo :AmìhmZo :AmìhmZo :AmìhmZo :AmìhmZo :
AmH$pñ_V CX²^dboë`m AmnËVtZm gd©Vmonar gmhmæ` H$aUo,
Ë`m g§nyU© n[apñWVrbm H$S>dm gm_Zm H$ê$Z Y¡`m©Zo Pw§O XoUo
hr IamoIaM H$R>rU ~m~ Amho. nU ^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm d
AÜ`j em§VrbmbOr `m§Zr Á`m AmË_{dídmgmZo,
{Z`moOZ~ÕarË`m `m H$R>rU n[apñWVrbm Vm|S> {Xbo Vo IamoIar
_hX²AmíM`©M hmo`!
AmnËVr EH$Q>r òV Zmhr, Vr g§H$Q>m§Mr _m{bH$mM KoD$Z òVo.
nU Aem doir $ŠV ^md{ZH$ hmoD$Z MmbV Zmhr. ^mdZm d
àË`j AZw^d Zoh_rM doJio AgVmV. g_moa òUmè`m
AS>MUtVyZ _mJ© H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r AmìhmZo nobÊ`mMr VmH$X,
j_Vm, Y¡`© A§Jr AgUo AË`§V _hÎdmMo Amho. hrM {MH$mQ>r,
Agr_ CËgmh d A_mn Y¡`© ~miJyZ em§VrbmbOtZr àËòH$
AmìhmZm§Mo ê$nm§Va èmV H$ê$Z XmI{dbo.
A) àemgH$s` AmìhmZo :A) àemgH$s` AmìhmZo :A) àemgH$s` AmìhmZo :A) àemgH$s` AmìhmZo :A) àemgH$s` AmìhmZo :
1)1)1)1)1) nadmZJr, H$mJXnÌm§Mr nyV©Vm d _m{hVrMrnadmZJr, H$mJXnÌm§Mr nyV©Vm d _m{hVrMrnadmZJr, H$mJXnÌm§Mr nyV©Vm d _m{hVrMrnadmZJr, H$mJXnÌm§Mr nyV©Vm d _m{hVrMrnadmZJr, H$mJXnÌm§Mr nyV©Vm d _m{hVrMr
Jmoim~oarO:Jmoim~oarO:Jmoim~oarO:Jmoim~oarO:Jmoim~oarO:
ñd`§godr g§ñWm§Zm H$m_ H$aVmZm emgZmMr nadmZJr
¿`mdr bmJVo. ~è`mMXm {ZU©`à{H«$òVrb {db§~,
{Z`moOZmMm A^md, n[apñWVrMo ñdê$n, AmnËVrJ«ñV
{d^mJmÀ`m ZH$memMm A^md, `m gd© Jmoï>t_Üò
gwgyÌVVm Zgë`m_wio ñd`§godr g§ñWm§Zm H$m_ H$aVmZm
AS>MUr òVmV. emgZmMr _XV ¿`md`mMr Va
H$mJXnÌm§Mr nyV©Vm, nadmZJr Aem Jmoï>r H$amì`m
bmJVmV. ~è`mMXm ñd`§godr g§ñWm§Zm H$m_ H$aÊ`mg

127
emgZmMm ZH$ma AgVmo `m{edm` AmnËVrÀ`m {R>H$mUr
C^maÊ`mV Ambobr emgH$s` H$m`m©bò hr VmËnwaVr
AgVmV. AË`mdí`H$ gmo`r-gw{dYm§Mm VoWo A^md
AgVmo.
2004 _Üò Ooìhm ËgwZm_rMm VS>mIm ~gbm Voìhm,
Direct Relief International `m A_o[aH$mpñWV g§ñWoer
g§b¾ amhÿZ ~rOoEgZo gw_mao XmoZ H$moQ>r én`m§Mr
naXoemVyZ Am¡fYo _mJdbr. na§Vw MoÝZB© ~§XamVM Vr
nSy>Z am{hbr. Am¡fYm§Mr Expiry Date hmoV Ambr Var
V{_iZmSy> gaH$maH$Sy>Z H$moUVrhr {ZU©`à{H«$`m Pmbr
Zmhr.
2)2)2)2)2) gaH$mar ZmoH$adJm©Mr ~Xbr:gaH$mar ZmoH$adJm©Mr ~Xbr:gaH$mar ZmoH$adJm©Mr ~Xbr:gaH$mar ZmoH$adJm©Mr ~Xbr:gaH$mar ZmoH$adJm©Mr ~Xbr:
nwZd©gZmMo qH$dm _XVH$m`m©Mo EImXo H$m`© hmVr
KoVë`mZ§Va Vo nyU© ìhm`bm gmYmaUnUo EH$ Vo XrS>
dfmªMm H$mbmdYr bmJy eH$Vmo. nU Xaå`mZÀ`m H$mimV
gaH$mar A{YH$mar dJm©Mr ~Xbr Pmbr Va, g§nyU© H$m_
a|JmiVoqH$dmZdrZòUmè`mA{YH$mè`mZog_OyZKoD$Z
à{H«$`m nma nmS>Ê`mg $ma doi OmVmo.
~) dmhVyH$ gw{dYm§Mm A^md :~) dmhVyH$ gw{dYm§Mm A^md :~) dmhVyH$ gw{dYm§Mm A^md :~) dmhVyH$ gw{dYm§Mm A^md :~) dmhVyH$ gw{dYm§Mm A^md :
AmnËVrJ«ñVm§n`ªV H$moUVohr gm{hË` nmohmoMdm`Mo
Agë`mg dmhVwH$s_Üò AZoH$ AS>Wio òVmV. A§X_mZ-
{ZH$mo~ma_Üò emim§À`m d àmW{_H$ Amamo½` H|$ÐmÀ`m
~m§YH$m_mgmR>r h¡Ðm~mXhÿZ gm{hË` Ý`mdo bmJo. ho gd©
gm{hË` MT>{dÊ`m-CVa{dÊ`mMr H$gaV Va H$amdr
bmJbrM nU XþJ©_ d S>m|Jami àXoemn`ªV gm{hË` nmoMdyZ,
àË`j ~m§YH$m_ H$aon`ªV dmhVyH$, _Oya, gmo`rgw{dYm§Mm
A^md Ago AZoH$ àíZ Cô am{hbo. emgZmMr _XV dm

128
ghH$m`© _mÌ BWo H$moR>oM {_imbo Zmhr! EH$sH$S>o ñd`§godr
g§ñWm§ZmH$m_H$aÊ`mgnadmZJrZmH$mabrOmVo,XþgarH$S>o
emgZmH$Sy>Z CËH¥$ï> XOm©Mo d doioV H$m_ nyU© hmoV Zmhr
Am{U `mdahr _hÎdmMo åhUOo ~rOoEg gma»`m Á`m
ñd`§godr g§ñWm H$m_ H$aVmV Ë`m§Zmhr _XV dm ghH$m`m©Mo
YmoaU R>odbo OmV Zmhr!
H$) _Owam§Mm A^md :H$) _Owam§Mm A^md :H$) _Owam§Mm A^md :H$) _Owam§Mm A^md :H$) _Owam§Mm A^md :
_Oyam§Mm A^md hr $ma _moR>r g_ñ`m dm S>moHo$XþIr
AmnËVrÀ`m {R>H$mUr H$m_ H$aVmZm AZw^dm`bm {_iVo.
EH$ Va naamÁ`mV OmD$Z _{hZmoZ²_{hZo amhÿZ H$m`©H$V}
H$m`©^ma gm§^miy eH$V ZmhrV, Ë`mgmR>r ñWm{ZH$ OZVoMr
_XV ¿`mdr bmJVo. nU ñWm{ZH$ OZVm ~è`mMXm _XV
KoÊ`mÀ`mam§Jo_ÜòWm§~bobrAgë`mZo,H$m_mgmR>rË`m§À`mH$S>o
doi ZgVmo!
S>) nwZ~mªYUrMo H$m`© :S>) nwZ~mªYUrMo H$m`© :S>) nwZ~mªYUrMo H$m`© :S>) nwZ~mªYUrMo H$m`© :S>) nwZ~mªYUrMo H$m`© :
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo Xoeâm_Üò CX²^dboë`m
AmnËVt_Üò H$m`© Ho$bo Amho. àËòH$ amÁ`mVrb
AmnËVtÀ`mdoir Zdr AmìhmZo, Zì`m g_ñ`m, ZdrZ
n[apñWVrH$m`©H$aVmZm~rOoEgg_moaC^rR>mH$bobrAmho.
^yH§$nmgmaIr AmnËVr H$mogië`mZ§Va gd© JmdoÀ`m Jmdo
~o{MamI hmoVmV, Kao, emim CX²ÜdñV hmoVmV. `m Kam§Mr,
emim§Mr nwZ~mªYUr H$aÊ`mMo _moR>o AmìhmZ gdmªg_moa
AgVo.
Aem doir nwZ~mªYUrgmR>r Amdí`H$ Aem O{_ZrMr
CnbãYVm, ho _moR>o AmìhmZ AgVo. {~hma_Üò nya
Amë`mZ§Va _ëQ>r-`wQ>r{bQ>r H$å`w{ZQ>r g|Q>a C^maUrMm

129
àñVmd ~rOoEgZo {Xbm. na§Vw Ë`mgmR>r {~hma emgZmH$Sy>Z
O_rZ {_iÊ`mMm àñVmd AOyZhr àb§{~V Amho.
Jmdm§_Üò Kao H$mogië`mZ§Va, Ë`m Ë`m {R>H$mUr
nwZC©^maUr H$aVmZm VbmR>r, gan§M, OZVm `m gdmªnmgyZ
Vo amOH$s` ZoVo, H$boŠQ>an`ªV nadmZJr ¿`mdr bmJVo.
`m_Üò $ma doi Va OmVmoM nU {ZU©` à{H«$`m Mm§Jë`m
àH$mao nma nS>ob H$s Zmhr `mMr emídVr ZgVo.
B) BVa ñd`§godr g§ñWm§~amo~a H$m`© H$aVmZm :B) BVa ñd`§godr g§ñWm§~amo~a H$m`© H$aVmZm :B) BVa ñd`§godr g§ñWm§~amo~a H$m`© H$aVmZm :B) BVa ñd`§godr g§ñWm§~amo~a H$m`© H$aVmZm :B) BVa ñd`§godr g§ñWm§~amo~a H$m`© H$aVmZm :
AmnËVr {ZdmaUmgmR>r _moR>çm à_mUmda gm{hË` d _XV
KoD$Z ~è`mMem N>moQ>çm-_moR>çm ñd`§godr g§ñWm
XþK©Q>ZmñWirYmdKoVmV.AemdoiremgZ`mgd©ñd`§godr
g§ñWm§Zm `mo½` àH$maMo H$m_ dmQ>n H$ê$Z XoÊ`m_Üò H$_r
nS>Vo. Ë`m_wio _XVrMo à_mU H$_r-OmñV hmoV amhmVo,
qH$dmñd`§godrg§ñWm§_ÜòMñdV:MoZmdH$ê$ZKoÊ`mgmR>r
ñnYm© gwê$ hmoVo.
$) {då`mMr gw{dYm :$) {då`mMr gw{dYm :$) {då`mMr gw{dYm :$) {då`mMr gw{dYm :$) {då`mMr gw{dYm :
^yH§$nmÀ`m AmnËVrÀ`m {R>H$mUr ~è`mMXm nwÝhm nwÝhm
^yH§$nmMo YŠHo$ OmUdV amhVmV. Ë`m_wio Aem {R>H$mUr
H$m_H$aUohrIaoVa_moR>rYmoŠ`mMrJmoï>AgVo.amoJm§Mm
àmXþ^m©d, Or{dVmbm YmoH$m Aem n[apñWVrV H$m_ H$aVmZm
H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm Ëd[aV {d_mgw{dYm CnbãY hmoUo JaOoMo
AgVo.
J) hdm_mZ :J) hdm_mZ :J) hdm_mZ :J) hdm_mZ :J) hdm_mZ :
^yH§$nmÀ`m {R>H$mUr hdm_mZm_Üò gmVË`mZo ~Xb KSy>Z
òV AgVmV. Am°ŠQ>mo~a 2005 _Üò Oå_y-H$mí_ra_Üò
Pmboë`m ^yH§$nm_Üò `mMr à{MVr Ambr. bmoH$m§Zm {Zdmam
ZìhVm d W§S>r dmT>V hmoVr. ~rOoEgZo JwOamV_YyZ

130
àr°$~«rHo$Q>oS> _Q>o[aAb Oå_y H$mí_ra_Üò Ëd[aV ZoD$Z,
VoWrb bmoH$m§gmR>r {Zdmè`mMr ì`dñWm Ho$br. Va
{~hma_Üò àM§S> nmD$g, àM§S> W§S>r d YwŠ`mMo à_mU
dmT>bobo Aer n[apñWVr {Z_m©U Pmbr hmoVr. nU Aem
{d{MÌ hdm_mZmer OwidyZ KoV H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm _XV H$m`©
nwT>o Ý`mdo bmJVo.
h)h)h)h)h) bhmZ _wbm§Mo nwZd©gZ :bhmZ _wbm§Mo nwZd©gZ :bhmZ _wbm§Mo nwZd©gZ :bhmZ _wbm§Mo nwZd©gZ :bhmZ _wbm§Mo nwZd©gZ :
AmnËVrZ§VaMr gdmªV _moR>r AmnËVr åhUOo bhmZ _wbm§Zm
~gbobm _mZ{gH$ YŠH$m d BVñVV: nS>bobo _¥VXoh,
CX²ÜdñV Kao, Am_u-nmo{bg `§ÌUm ho gd© nmhÿZ Ë`m§À`m
_Zmda hmoV Agbobm Imobda n[aUm_!
`m Jmoï>rMm {dMma àm_w»`mZo em§{VbmbOtZr Ho$O d
bmVya, JwOamV, O~bnya, Oå_y-H$mí_ra _Yrb _wbm§Zm
`mVyZ ~mhoa H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r eWuMo à`ËZ Ho$bo.
`mVrb _hÎdmMr Cnm``moOZm Ë`m§Zr Ho$br, Vr åhUOo
_wbm§Zm AmnËVrJ«ñV dmVmdaUmVyZ ~mhoa H$mTy>Z,
nwÊ`mgma»`m ehar ^mJmV AmUyZ Ë`m§Mo nwZd©gZ Ho$bo.
Ë`m§Mo {ejU nyd©dV gwê$ Ho$bo d {ejUmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ
Ë`m§À`m OJÊ`mbm Zdr C_oX {Xbr.
em§VrbmbOtZr dmKmobr òWo WERC Mr C^maUr Ho$br d `m
g§nyU© {nT>rMo CÁÁdb ^{dVì` KS>{dbo!
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo AmËVmn`ªVÀ`m Amboë`m^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo AmËVmn`ªVÀ`m Amboë`m^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo AmËVmn`ªVÀ`m Amboë`m^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo AmËVmn`ªVÀ`m Amboë`m^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoZo AmËVmn`ªVÀ`m Amboë`m
AZw^dmVyZ gwM{dboë`m H$mhr Cnm` `moOZm-AZw^dmVyZ gwM{dboë`m H$mhr Cnm` `moOZm-AZw^dmVyZ gwM{dboë`m H$mhr Cnm` `moOZm-AZw^dmVyZ gwM{dboë`m H$mhr Cnm` `moOZm-AZw^dmVyZ gwM{dboë`m H$mhr Cnm` `moOZm-
ñd`§godr g§ñWm§Zm _XV H$m`© H$aVmZm emgZ, ñWm{ZH$
OZVoMohr ghH$m`© {_iUo Amdí`H$ AgVo. Ë`mgmR>r
Zì`mZo H$mhr VaVyXr H$aUo JaOoMo Amho.

131
1) AmnËVtMr nyd© gyMZm {_iÊ`mMr `§ÌUm g§emo{YH$ H$aUo
JaOoMo Amho.
2) AmnËVrJ«ñVm§À`m gwQ>H$m d _XV H$m`m©gmR>r H$mhr
YmoaUmË_H$ {ZU©` d {Z`_mdbr R>a{dÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm
Amho. emgZmMr O~m~Xmar, H$m`© H$m`? ñd`§godr g§ñWm§Mr
O~m~Xmar, H$m`© H$m`? d OZVoÀ`m ghH$m`m©{df`r H$mhr
{Z`_ AgUo JaOoMo Amho. CXm. OZVoH$Sy>Z dmhVwH$sMr
H$m|S>r hmoVo, _XVH$m`© H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m_wio Am_u, hmo_JmS>©
`§ÌUm doioV nmohMy eH$V Zmhr.
3) emgZmH$Sy>Z nadmZJrgmR>r EH$ {IS>H$s `moOZm hdr.
4) emgH$s` H$_©Mmar, ñd`§godr g§ñWm§À`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm
à{ejU XoUo JaOoMo Amho.
5) àgma_mÜ`_m§Zr ~°bÝñS²> [anmo{Q>ªJ H$aUo JaOoMo Amho.
^mdZmde hmoD$Z ~mVå`m à{gÕ H$aUo `mo½` Zmhr. {àÝg
{_S>r`m Am{U BboŠQ´>m{ZH$ {_S>r`m `m§Zr EH${ÌVnUo H$m`©
H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. naXoem§Vrb ~mVå`m XoÊ`mÀ`m
nÕVtMm Aä`mg ìhm`bm nm{hOo. 9 Zmoìh|~abm A_o[aH$m
òWo dëS>© Q´>oS> g|Q>a g§X^m©Vrb d VX²Z§VaÀ`m H°$Q>[aZm
AmnËVrg§X^m©Vrb ~mVå`m `m A{Ve` ~°bÝñS²> hmoË`m.
B§½b§S>_Üò ~m°å~ñ$moQ> Pmë`mZ§Va ZwgVoM _¥VXohm§Mo
Adeof XmI{dbo OmV ZìhVo. Va ~mVå`m§_Üò XoIrb
{d{eï> {Z`_ nmibobo {XgVmV.
bmVya_Üò Ooìhm _¥VXohm§À`m A½ZrgmR>r bmH$S>m§Mr
H$_VaVm hmoVr, Voìhm ~mV_r àg¥V Pmbr. VX²Z§Va EdT>m
bmHy$S>$mQ>m O_m Pmbm H$s R>odm`bm OmJm ZìhVr.
JwOamV_Üò nmÊ`mMm àíZ {Z_m©U Pmbm. Ë`mg§X^m©V
Ooìhm nona_Üò ~mV_r Ambr, Voìhmhr AerM n[apñWVr
CX²^dbr. nmÊ`mÀ`m ~mQ>ë`m§Mm AmoK gwê$ Pmbm. Ë`m_wio

132
~mVå`m XoVmZm n[aUm_m§Mm {dMma H$ê$Z ~mVå`m {Xë`m
Joë`mnm{hOoV.
6) ñd`§godr g§ñWm d emgZ `m§À`m_Ü`o ì`dpñWV
Co-ordination H$aÊ`mgmR>r _Ü`ñWr g§ñWm§Mr JaO Amho.
7) AË`mYw{ZH$ g§nH©$`§ÌUm d XiUdiUm§À`m gmYZm§Mm
dmna, VmËH$mi g§nH©$ gmYÊ`mgmR>r Ho$bm nmm{hOo.
8) XdmImZo, hm°pñnQ>ëg, VgoM AË`mYw{ZH$ CnH$aUm§X²dmao
Ëd[aV CnMmam§Zm àmYmÝ` {Xbo Jobo nm{hOo.
9) gd© ñd`§godr g§ñWm, XoUJrXma, ^mJrXma `m§À`m~ÔbMm
d Ë`m§Zr Ho$boë`m H$m`m©~ÔbMm S>oQ>m V`ma R>odUo Oéar
Amho.
10) emgZmMm à{V{ZYr `m ZmË`mZo H$boŠQ>abm àgma
_mÜ`_m§Zm gm_moao Omdo bmJVo. _§Ìr, Am_Xmam§nwT>o Ahdmb,
H$m_mMm nmR>nwamdm gmXa H$amdm bmJVmo. Ë`m_wio doi Va
OmVmo nU àË`j H$m`m©gmR>r doi H$_r {_iVmo. gmVË`mZo
BVa H$m_mer g§b¾ amhmdo bmJVo. `m ~m~tMm {dMma hmoUo
Amdí`H$ Amho.
11) B§{S>`Z M|~a Am°$ H$m°_g©, _hmamï´> M|~a Am°$ H$m°_g©,
Z¡gH$m°_, BÝ$m°_}eZ Q>oŠZm°bm°OrMr Agmo{gEeZ, Ho${_ñQ>
bmoH$m§Mr Agmo{gEeZ, S>m°ŠQ>g©Mr Agmo{gEeZ- `m gdmªZm
AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZmV gm_mdyZ KoVbo Jobo nm{hOo.
12) ~è`mMXm AmnËVrJ«ñVm§Zm àË`j _XV {_iÊ`mg qH$dm
_XV Ë`m§À`mn`ªV nmohmoM{dÊ`mg AS>MUr `oVmV. Ë`m_wio
Á`m§Zm àË`j _XV bdH$a {_imbr Zmhr d ZwH$gmZ Pmbo
Agob Va Ë`m§Zr H$moUmH$S>o Om`Mo? `mgmR>r Z°eZb {bJb
A°Wm[aQ>rOMr {Z{_©Vr Ho$br Jobr Amho. Ë`mMà_mUo
amÁ`ñVamda ñQ>oQ> {bJb A°Wm°[aQ>rO, {OëhmñVamda
{S>ñQ´>rŠQ> {bJb A°Wm°[aQ>r, VmbwH$m nmVirda VmbwH$m

133
{bJb A°Wm°[aQ>rMr Zo_UyH$ Ho$br Amho. `m A°Wm°[aQ>rO d
ñd`§godrg§ñWm§_Ü`ogm¡hmX©nyU©dmVmdaUV`mahmoUoJaOoMo
Amho. ñd`§godr g§ñWm§Zr `m A°Wm°[aQ>rOÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ
bmoH$m§Zm Ý`m` {_idyZ XoÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZaV am{hbo nm{hOo.
13) gaH$maZo 100 IAS A{YH$mè`m§Zm AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZmMo
à{ejU {Xbo nm{hOo d Aem à{e{jV IAS A{YH$mè`m§Mr
AmnËVrÀ`m {R>H$mUr Ëd[aV Zo_UyH$ Ho$br nm{hOo.
14) amÁ`mÀ`m _w»`_§Í`mg_moa {ZU©` H$m` ¿`mdoV, H$go
AgmdoV `mg§X^m©V {d{eï> _mJ©Xe©Z n{ÌH$m, {Z`_mdbr
V`ma Agm`bm hdr.
15) _wbm§À`m emim n§Yam {Xdgm§À`m AmV gwê$ H$ê$Z _wbm§Zm
emioV ZoD$Z ~gdbo nm{hOo.
16) “H$m°nm}aoQ> gmoeb [añnm°pÝg{~{bQ>r’’AgUmè`m
H§$nÝ`m§H$Sy>Z gaH$maZo XoUJr AWdm n¡go ê$nmV _XV
KoÊ`mnojm Ë`m§Zm Jmdo XËVH$ XoD$Z Ë`m Jmdm§À`m gdmªJrU
{dH$mg KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMr _wWm {Xbr nm{hOo.
17) ñd`§godr g§ñWm§Zm BÝH$_ Q>°Šg, gpìh©g Q>°Šg, EŠgmB©O
S>çwQ>r, goëg Q>°Šg `m_YyZ Ëd[aV gdbV {Xbr nm{hOo.
18) AmnËVrJ«ñV JmdmMr bmoH$g§»`m AmnËVrZ§Va XrS>nQ>rZo
dmT>Vo. VbmR>çmÀ`m {e$maerdê$Z H$mhr _§S>itZm Kao
{_iVmV. Aem Jmoï>tda Mm§Jë`m àH$maMm dMH$ Agbm
nm{hOo.
19) EImXr ì`ŠVr nwÝhm nwÝhm gm_mZ/ gm{hË` KoD$Z OmVo.
`mgmR>r ~rOoEgZo EH$ aoeZ H$mS>© V`ma Ho$bo. VmaIoà_mUo
dñVy KoD$Z OmÊ`mg gm§{JVbo. Aem VaVwXr d Ë`m§Mr
A§_b~OmdUr gaH$maV}$hr hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
20) ~rOoEgH$S>o dmKmobr `oWo AmnËVrer {ZJS>rV gd© àH$maMo
gm{hË` V`ma Amho. OZaoQ>a, V§~y, AÝZ ~Z{dÊ`mgmR>r

134
bmJUmar ^m§S>r, _XVrMo {H$Q> Ago Q´>H$â gm_mZ V`ma
Amho. à{e{jV H$m`©H$Ë`mªMr Q>r_ Amho. XoeâmVrb gd©
O¡Z ñd`§godH$m§er XiUdiU, g§nH©$ `§ÌUm Amho. Ë`m_wio
AmnËVrZ§Va Ë`m Ë`m ^mJmVrb ñd`§godH$ Ad¿`m XmoZ
Vmgm§V gd© gm{hË`m{Zer {VWo nmohmoMyZ _XV H$m`© gwê$
H$ê$ eH$VmV. `màH$maMo {Z`moOZ d ì`dñWmnZ
gaH$maH$S>ohr AgUo AË`§V Oê$ar Amho.
lr. em§VrbmbOtÀ`m AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZ d {Z`moOZmÀ`m
g§X^m©Vrb H$m`m©Mm Jm¡ad bmoH$gôZo R>amdmX²dmao Ho$bm. _hmamï´>
{dYmZgô_Üò gd© amOH$s` njm§Zr em§VrbmbOtÀ`m H$m`m©Mr
àe§gm Ho$br. em§VrbmbOtZr AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZmg§X^m©V Oo
ì`m»`mZo {Xbr AmhoV, Ë`m~ahþHy$_ A§_b~OmdUr gaH$maMo
aoìhoÝ`y {S>nmQ>©_|Q> H$aVo, hm em§VrbmbOtMm H$m`m©Mm,
{Z`moOZ~Õ gwgyÌVoMm {ZpíMVM Jm¡ad Amho.
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m ^{dî`mVrb `moOZm d H$m`m©Mr^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m ^{dî`mVrb `moOZm d H$m`m©Mr^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m ^{dî`mVrb `moOZm d H$m`m©Mr^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m ^{dî`mVrb `moOZm d H$m`m©Mr^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoÀ`m ^{dî`mVrb `moOZm d H$m`m©Mr
{Xem :{Xem :{Xem :{Xem :{Xem :
^maVm_Üò AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m H$moUVmhr nXdrn`ªVMm
H$mog© Zmhr, Agm nXdrn`ªVMm H$mog© gwê$ H$aÊ`mMm {dMma
H$arV Amho.
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>Zm AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZm g§X^m©V Q´>oqZJ
BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ> gwê$ H$aÊ`mMr `moOZm AmIrV Amho. `m Q´>oqZJ
BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ>_Üò àgma_mÜ`_, emgZ d H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm à{ejU
XoÊ`mg§X^m©V Aä`mgH«$_ {dMmamYrZ Amho.
gd© ñd`§godr g§ñWm, JìhZ©_|Q> EOÝgr `m§À`mg§X^m©V _°Ý`wAb
V`ma H$aUo.

135
12. Cng§hma12. Cng§hma12. Cng§hma12. Cng§hma12. Cng§hma
AmnËVr ì`dñWmnZmg§X^m©V em§VrbmbOtZr Ho$bobo
XoeâmVrb H$m`© ho gdmªgmR>r AmXe© hmo`.
EImXçm {R>H$mUr KS>boë`m AmnËVrMr Ëd[aV _m{hVr
KoD$Z, H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm gyMZm XoD$Z, Ad¿`m XmoZ-VrZ Vmgm§V
AmnËVrJ«ñV ^mJmV gd© V`mar{Zer, gm{hË`m{Zer
nmohmoMÊ`mMr Ë`m§À`mH$S>rb hmVmoQ>r hr IamoIar {dbjU hmo`!
àË`j AmnËVrJ«ñV ^mJmV _XVH$m`© gwê$ H$ê$Z,
gmhmæ`, ghH$m`© XoÊ`m_Üò Vo ñdV: AJ«Ur AgVmV.
AmnËVrJ«ñV {R>H$mUr gwQ>H$m, _XVH$m`©, AÝZnwadR>m, gm{hË`
dmQ>n, {Zdmè`mMr ì`dñWm `m AË`§V JaOoÀ`m d OrdZmdí`H$
Jmoï>tgX^m©Vrb H$m`© gwairVnUo gwê$ H$ê$Z, Vo bhmZ _wbm§H$S>o
diVmV. AmnËVrV gmnS>boë`m bhmZ _wbm§Zm _mZ{gH$,
^md{ZH$ YŠH$m ~gyZ, Ë`m§Mo nwT>rb Am`wî`mda n[aUm_ hmoD$
Zò åhUyZ Vo _wbm§À`m emim gwê$ R>odÊ`m~Ôb AmJ«hr AgVmV.
Ë`m§Mo `m_mJMo {dMma d Ñ{ï>H$moZ A{Ve` CXma AmhoV. XoemMr
^mdr {nT>r ~a~mX hmoVmZm Ë`m§Zm nmhm`Mr Zmhr Va XoemMo
^{dVì`CÁÁdb~Zdm`MoAmho.Ë`m_wioË`m§ZrbmVya,O~bnya,
JwOamV, A§X_mZ-{ZH$mo~ma d Oå_y-H$mí_ra òWrb

136
AmnËVrJ«ñV _wbm§À`m {ejUmMr gmo` hm àmYmÝ`H«$_ R>a{dbm.
dmKmobr òWo e¡j{UH$ d nwZd©gZ àH$ënmMr C^maUr Ho$br.
AmnËVrJ«ñV Zìho Va Hw$nmofUJ«ñV _wbm§Zmhr `m emio_Üò àdoe
{Xbm.
`m _wbm§À`m amhÊ`m-ImÊ`m {nÊ`mÀ`m,
H$nS>çmbË`mÀ`m,nwñVH$m§À`mgd©IMm©MrO~m~XmarñdV:À`m
Im§Xçmda nobbr. em§VrbmbOtZr Ho$bobo ho H$m`© ^mdr {nT>rgmR>r
{ZpíMVM {XemXe©H$, AmXe© AgoM Amho. Ë`m_wioM emgZmZo
Ë`m§À`m H$m`m©Mr XIb KoVbr Amho. EImXçm {R>H$mUr
CX²^dboë`m AmnËVrMo {ZdmaUH$m`© H$aÊ`mMo H$m_r emgZ
^maVr` O¡Z g§KQ>ZoMr _XV {dMmamV KoVo, hm g§KQ>ZoÀ`m
H$m`m©Mm {ZpíMVM Jm¡ad Amho.
O¡Z OrdZnÕVr_Üò Aqhgm, XmZ d gË` `m§Mm AmJ«h,
AñVo`mMo VÎd, {dMma-AmMma-CÀMma `m§Mo nm{dÍ` `m§Zm
_hÎd Amho. `m VÎdm§Zm àË`j OrdZm_Üò em§VrbmbOtZr
A§{JH$maë`mMo {ZpíMVnUo OmUdVo.

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