The document provides an introduction to web services and APIs, detailing their definitions, communication methods, and testing strategies. It distinguishes between SOAP and REST architectures, explaining their characteristics and structures, as well as methods for testing web services through both happy and unhappy paths. The author, Andrei Stasevich, has over five years of experience in test automation and offers insights on using various tools and frameworks for testing web services.

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Automation of web service
testing for the beginners
FEBRYARY 26, 2017

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Andrei Stasevich
Experience
• M.Sc. of engineering with more then 5 years
experience
• Main IT specialization: Test Automation
• Technology: Java, Selenium
• COMAQA.by community activistAndrei Stasevich
EPAM Systems
Software Test Automation
Engineer

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AGENDA
Introduction to API1
What is web service2
SOAP and REST5
Examples6
Ways of communication3
Web Service testing4

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INTRODUCTION TO API
Application programming interface (API) - a set of clearly defined methods of
communication between various software components.
• Web service
• Libraries
• Operation system API
• Graphical/sound interfaces

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API is like User Interface - just with different users in mind.
INTRODUCTION TO API

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AGENDA
Introduction to API1
What is web service2
SOAP and REST5
Examples6
Ways of communication3
Web Service testing4

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WHAT IS WEB SERVICE?
Web service - software system designed to support interoperable machine-
to-machine interaction over a network.
• It accessible over the Internet or private networks.
• Is not tied to any one operating system or programming language.
• Used for direct application-to-application interaction.
• Uses XML (JSON) messages for interaction.
Every Web Service is an API but not every API is a Web Service

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WHAT IS WEB SERVICE?
• The client bundles the information into a message (request).
• Client and server establish connection and sent message as the body of an
HTTP request.
• Service processes the received information.
• Service packages the response, and sends it back to the client program.
• The client program unpacks the request to obtain the result.

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WHAT IS WEB SERVICE?
• Establishing TCP connection.
• Client sends version of the TLS protocol, the list
of supported ciphersuites, and other TLS
options.
• The server picks the TLS protocol version,
decides on a ciphersuite, attaches its
certificate.
• The client initiates key exchange, which is used
to establish the symmetric key.
• The server returns an
encrypted Finished message back to the client.
• The client decrypts the message and if all is
well, then the tunnel is established.

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WHAT IS WEB SERVICE?
center=NY
zoom=13
size=640x640
maptype=road
GET https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?
center=NY&zoom=13&size=640x640&maptype=roadmap
&key=AIzaSyDH7iC
center
zoom
size
maptype
key
…
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: image/png

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AGENDA
Introduction to API1
What is web service2
SOAP and REST5
Examples6
Ways of communication3
Web Service testing4

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WAYS OF COMMUNICATION
XML is a markup language that defines a set of rules
for encoding documents in a format that is both
human-readable and machine-readable. XML is
a language-independent data format.
JSON is an open-standard format that uses human-
readable text to transmit data objects consisting
of attribute–value pairs. JSON is a language-
independent data format.

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WAYS OF COMMUNICATION
XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a markup language that defines a set
of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and
machine-readable.
XML was designed to describe data
XML is about carrying information – within TAGs
Tags are not predefined – make your own ones
XML document does not DO anything so to say
• It is just information wrapped in tags
• Custom code needed for interpretation
XML is a software - and hardware-independent tool
• Used to store and transport information

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WAYS OF COMMUNICATION
An XML element can contain:
• Other elements
• Any given text
• Attributes
• Mix of the previouos
Comments may appear anywhere
• An example of a valid comment: <!–- the comment itself -->

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WAYS OF COMMUNICATION
JSON is an open-standard format that uses human-readable text to transmit data objects
consisting of attribute–value pairs. JSON is a language-independent data format.
JSON is a syntax for storing and exchanging data
• An easier-to-use alternative to XML
The JSON format is well fitted for Java and JavaScript
• Very lightweight
• Easy to process for services

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WAYS OF COMMUNICATION
JSON's basic data types are:
• Number
• String
• Boolean
• Array
• Object
• null
• Square brackets hold arrays
JSON syntax is a subset of the JavaScript syntax:
• Data is in
„name:value” pairs
• Data is separated by commas
• Curly braces hold objects
• Interestingly, there are no comments in JSON

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AGENDA
Introduction to API1
What is web service2
SOAP and REST5
Examples6
Ways of communication3
Web Service testing4

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WEB SERVICE TESTING
Happy paths
• Using the provided method calls
• Analyzing the returned data
• Trying out different parameters
• Response validation

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Web Service testing
Unhappy paths
• Using wrong URIs
• Invalid or missing parameters
• See how the server responds to those
• Client or server side errors

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AGENDA
Introduction to API1
What is web service2
SOAP and REST5
Examples6
Ways of communication3
Web Service testing4

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SOAP
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) is a protocol specification for exchanging structured
information in XML format.
SOA web-services:
• Service provider: creates a web service and provides its information to the service broker.
• Service broker UDDI: makes the information regarding the web service available to any
potential requester.
• Service requester: locates entries in the broker registry using various find
operations and then binds to the service provider
in order to invoke one of its web services.
Rules for communication are defined in WSDL file
(Web Services Description Language):
• How one system can request data from another system.
• Specific parameters.
• The structure of the data.
• Error messages.

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WSDL
<binding> - поддерживаемые протоколы.
<message> - сообщения Web-службы (запрос, ответ).
<portType> — все доступные методы.
<service> — URI службы.
<types> — используемые типы данных.

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SOAP
SOAP provides the envelope for sending Web Services messages over
the HTTP/SMTP.
The SOAP envelope contains two parts:
• SOAP Header (optional): providing information on authentication,
encoding of data, or how a recipient of a SOAP message should process the
message.
• SOAP Body: contains the message. These messages can be defined using
the WSDL specification.

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SOAP

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REST
Representational State Transfer (REST) is a style of architecture
based on a set of principles that describe how networked resources are
defined and addressed.
• Client-Server
• Stateless
• Cacheable
• Layered system
• Code on demand
• Uniform interface

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REST
REST-compliant Web services allow requesting systems to access and manipulate
textual representations of Web resources using a uniform and predefined set of stateless
operations. "Web resources" were first defined as documents or files identified by
their URLs.
POST http://www.example.com/customers
GET http://www.example.com/customers/33245
DELETE http://www.example.com/customers/33245
PUT http://www.example.com/customers/33245

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AGENDA
Introduction to API1
What is web service2
SOAP and REST5
Examples6
Ways of communication3
Web Service testing4

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Test
• Test NG, Junit, RestAssured
Service
• Java
HTTP client
• Apache, Retrofit
TEST FRAMEWORK
Test
Service
Layer
HTTP
client

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TEST

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SERVISE

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HTTP CLIENT

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TEST

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THANK
YOU

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CONTACT ME
Andrei_Stasevich@epam.com
Andrei.Stasevich@gmail.com
https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrei-stasevich/