’Environmental Site Investigation and Due Diligence in the Current Market.\’ Presentation given to Association of Petroleum and Explosives Administration (APEA) in Omagh, County Tyrone on the 20th October, 2012 and in Mitchelstown, County Cork on the 15th November, 2012.
The document discusses reservoir characterization and Halliburton's CYPHERSM service. It begins with an overview of unconventional reservoirs and the CYPHERSM workflow. It then discusses the key components of reservoir characterization, including acquiring data, building earth models, well planning and drilling, completion optimization, and history matching. An example application using integrated analysis tools like AssetXpertSM is provided. The value of the CYPHERSM service is improving economic returns through optimized well placement, reduced costs per barrel of oil. A case study in the Permian Basin demonstrates reduced drilling times and improved well productivity.
The Office of River Protection is working to treat over 53 million gallons of radioactive and chemical tank waste stored in underground tanks at Hanford by operating the Waste Treatment Plant to immobilize the waste in glass by 2047 and close the tank farms by 2052, while preparing the tank waste feed delivery systems and continuing tank waste retrieval efforts to support the plant once operational in 2019. The document outlines the budget request and status of ongoing projects and initiatives to transition Hanford's tank waste from storage to treatment and risk reduction.
Presentation entitled ‘Sustainable Wastewater Management in Rural Housing Developments’ given on the 28th January, 2008 at the ESAI run Environ Colloquium 2008. For rural developments, it is frequently the responsibility of private developers to identify a suitable wastewater treatment system to treat the effluent. Frequently, the capacity of adjacent streams and rivers to accept further treated effluent is reached and a discharge of treated effluent to groundwater is the only viable option necessitating the processing of a Discharge Licence Application and the carrying out of a groundwater assessment to assess the assimilative capacity of the underlying aquifer. Under the Nitrates Directive, the quality of treated wastewater being discharged to ground is of paramount importance in conjunction with the background nitrate concentration. This presentation was 0.3 hours in duration and hosted approximately 200 delegates
Greetings,
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 24 February 2015 ) , from Hawk Energy Services Dubai . Daily energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todays’ issue you will find news about:-
• ExxonMobil Research Qatar’s technology goes global
• Morocco: Gulfsands reports gas Rharb Centre Permit in Northern
• Norway: Statoil starts up Oseberg Delta 2
• Kenya: Taipan Resources' Badada-1 well disappoints
• US: As oil plunge puts thousands of US jobs at risk
• Oil prices fall on oversupply
• Analysts say worst is over for oil with price rebound in second half
• US shale oil's crash diet likely to bring forward output dip
As this daily news periodical is free for you, we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to :-
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME meme since 1995
Hawk Energy since 2010
Part 2 of the overview of sediment management at sites across the Great Lakes. Excellent information about the north harbour section of the Thunder Bay Area of Concern
This document summarizes the in-situ remediation of hexavalent chromium, antimony, and nickel contamination at a site using nano-scale ferrous sulfide slurry. The contamination was from a former chrome plating facility and impacted both soil and groundwater. Ferrous sulfide was injected into soils and groundwater to chemically reduce the metals of concern by precipitating or complexing them. Initial concentrations exceeded regulatory limits but post-treatment sampling showed concentrations decreasing significantly below standards. The remedy cost $4.5 million and was estimated to take 2 years, compared to competitor proposals costing over $8 million and taking 15-20 years.
This document summarizes the in-situ remediation of hexavalent chromium, antimony, and nickel contamination at a site using sub-micron ferrous sulfide slurry. The remediation involved injecting nano-scale ferrous sulfide into soils and groundwater to chemically reduce the contaminants of concern to less soluble and mobile forms. Initial contaminant levels in soil and groundwater exceeded regulatory limits by several orders of magnitude. Post-treatment sampling over multiple quarters indicated that contaminant levels decreased significantly and met cleanup goals following the in-situ chemical reduction process. The remediation took approximately two years compared to estimated times of 15-20 years for other proposed methods, and cost nearly 50
The document discusses reservoir characterization and Halliburton's CYPHERSM service. It begins with an overview of unconventional reservoirs and the CYPHERSM workflow. It then discusses the key components of reservoir characterization, including acquiring data, building earth models, well planning and drilling, completion optimization, and history matching. An example application using integrated analysis tools like AssetXpertSM is provided. The value of the CYPHERSM service is improving economic returns through optimized well placement, reduced costs per barrel of oil. A case study in the Permian Basin demonstrates reduced drilling times and improved well productivity.
The Office of River Protection is working to treat over 53 million gallons of radioactive and chemical tank waste stored in underground tanks at Hanford by operating the Waste Treatment Plant to immobilize the waste in glass by 2047 and close the tank farms by 2052, while preparing the tank waste feed delivery systems and continuing tank waste retrieval efforts to support the plant once operational in 2019. The document outlines the budget request and status of ongoing projects and initiatives to transition Hanford's tank waste from storage to treatment and risk reduction.
Presentation entitled ‘Sustainable Wastewater Management in Rural Housing Developments’ given on the 28th January, 2008 at the ESAI run Environ Colloquium 2008. For rural developments, it is frequently the responsibility of private developers to identify a suitable wastewater treatment system to treat the effluent. Frequently, the capacity of adjacent streams and rivers to accept further treated effluent is reached and a discharge of treated effluent to groundwater is the only viable option necessitating the processing of a Discharge Licence Application and the carrying out of a groundwater assessment to assess the assimilative capacity of the underlying aquifer. Under the Nitrates Directive, the quality of treated wastewater being discharged to ground is of paramount importance in conjunction with the background nitrate concentration. This presentation was 0.3 hours in duration and hosted approximately 200 delegates
Greetings,
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 24 February 2015 ) , from Hawk Energy Services Dubai . Daily energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todays’ issue you will find news about:-
• ExxonMobil Research Qatar’s technology goes global
• Morocco: Gulfsands reports gas Rharb Centre Permit in Northern
• Norway: Statoil starts up Oseberg Delta 2
• Kenya: Taipan Resources' Badada-1 well disappoints
• US: As oil plunge puts thousands of US jobs at risk
• Oil prices fall on oversupply
• Analysts say worst is over for oil with price rebound in second half
• US shale oil's crash diet likely to bring forward output dip
As this daily news periodical is free for you, we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to :-
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME meme since 1995
Hawk Energy since 2010
Part 2 of the overview of sediment management at sites across the Great Lakes. Excellent information about the north harbour section of the Thunder Bay Area of Concern
This document summarizes the in-situ remediation of hexavalent chromium, antimony, and nickel contamination at a site using nano-scale ferrous sulfide slurry. The contamination was from a former chrome plating facility and impacted both soil and groundwater. Ferrous sulfide was injected into soils and groundwater to chemically reduce the metals of concern by precipitating or complexing them. Initial concentrations exceeded regulatory limits but post-treatment sampling showed concentrations decreasing significantly below standards. The remedy cost $4.5 million and was estimated to take 2 years, compared to competitor proposals costing over $8 million and taking 15-20 years.
This document summarizes the in-situ remediation of hexavalent chromium, antimony, and nickel contamination at a site using sub-micron ferrous sulfide slurry. The remediation involved injecting nano-scale ferrous sulfide into soils and groundwater to chemically reduce the contaminants of concern to less soluble and mobile forms. Initial contaminant levels in soil and groundwater exceeded regulatory limits by several orders of magnitude. Post-treatment sampling over multiple quarters indicated that contaminant levels decreased significantly and met cleanup goals following the in-situ chemical reduction process. The remediation took approximately two years compared to estimated times of 15-20 years for other proposed methods, and cost nearly 50
EU Retailing Opportunities for FTSE100 Oil Companies, Hypermarkets & FMCG...shahzad6708
2009-2020 Outlook, B2B & B2C Opportunities, Proposition Development for FTSE100 Oil Majors, Hypermarkets, Retailers and Suppliers like Mars, Nestle!
This document discusses the selection of landfill sites for solid waste management in Damaturu Town, Nigeria using GIS techniques. It outlines various factors that must be considered when selecting landfill sites, such as land use, proximity to roads, elevation, slope, groundwater levels, wind direction, and distance from residential areas and water bodies. GIS allows for capturing, storing, manipulating and analyzing spatial data for the area. Through assigning weighted criteria to factors like land use, roads and water bodies, the document uses GIS and multi-criteria analysis to identify 7 potential landfill sites that meet the size requirement of 20 hectares.
Fuel Cost represents about 30 % of airline cost any saving in this element will lead to reduce the total cost , this presentation explore the method of monitoring the fuel and the human factors
CN301 Geoenvironmental Engineering. Kajian kes tentang Tragedi Chernobyl. Semoga perkongsian ini bermanfaat.
Ex-Student : Diploma in Environmental Engineering (2010-2013)
Bloomberg Intelligence: India Budget: Petroleum ImpactBloomberg LP
India’s Budget: Petroleum Impact http://bloom.bg/1wSAOcS
India’s budget due Feb. 28 may include details on how to refocus the country’s energy subsidies. This may help reduce the budget deficit while also freeing up funds for India firms to invest in oil and gas exploration and much-needed infrastructure.
The government, trying to sell state assets to cut the deficit, may have to address investor concerns regarding subsidy allocations and natural-gas prices. Investors will be watching for evidence that Modi’s planned reforms are achievable.
This document provides information about a biogas plant report prepared by a student. It begins with an introduction to biogas and biogas plants. It then discusses what biogas is, the constituents of biogas, how a biogas plant works, and the advantages and disadvantages of biogas plants. Some key points covered include:
- Biogas is produced from the anaerobic digestion of organic waste by bacteria in an oxygen-free environment. It is comprised primarily of methane and carbon dioxide.
- A biogas plant consists of a digester where waste decomposes and a gas holder that collects the gases produced. The gases can then be used as an energy source.
- Biogas plants reduce waste,
The document discusses site investigation, which involves gathering subsurface information about a proposed construction project location. It describes the purpose, scope, and stages of a site investigation. The typical stages are a desk study, preliminary investigation including some boreholes, a detailed investigation with more boreholes and sampling, and monitoring during construction. Common investigation methods discussed are the standard penetration test, cone penetration test, and sampling techniques.
Future strategies in gas retailing in indiaChetan Sharma
This document is a dissertation report on future market strategies in gas retailing. It provides an overview of the petroleum sector in India, including gas availability and marketing scenarios. It then discusses emerging trends in fuel retailing, such as deregulation, technology upgrades, and changing consumer expectations. The report also examines challenges for oil marketing companies and different strategies they can use for differentiation, such as focusing on customer experience, quality, and supply chain optimization.
The behaviour model of fuel retail consumerAri Pramono
1) The document presents research on modeling the behavior of fuel retail consumers, specifically investigating choice set generation and developing a choice model for planned and ad-hoc refueling.
2) A key finding is that the importance of spatial attributes over non-spatial attributes is greater for consumers in search mode compared to choice mode. The model also accounts for spatial cognition and spatio-temporal limitations of consumers.
3) The proposed on-the-fly choice model outperforms existing spatial models in predictive capability and can be used to analyze spatial competition and predict origin of demand.
Week 01 Preliminaries Works, Soil Investigate & Ground Water Controlnik kin
The document discusses site preparation for construction projects, including site investigation, soil investigation, and ground water control. Site investigation involves collecting data about the site, including topography, hydrology, and existing infrastructure. Soil investigation determines site suitability and foundation design through methods like trial pits, augers, and sampling. Ground water control includes temporary dewatering methods like sumps and wellpoints, and permanent barriers like grouted membranes, contiguous piling, and diaphragm walls. Preliminaries works establish temporary facilities and ensure safety/compliance for a construction project.
1. A site investigation determines the suitability of a site for construction by examining physical aspects like soil composition and legal aspects like planning permissions.
2. The investigation assesses the site suitability, helps with design and construction planning, and predicts potential issues. Information is needed on soil properties, groundwater, and excavated materials.
3. The investigation process involves a desk study of existing information, a site walkover, detailed tests and sampling which may include trial pits and boreholes to examine soil and groundwater conditions.
The document summarizes the stages of a site investigation which includes a desk study, site reconnaissance, detailed exploration and sampling, field/in-situ testing, and laboratory testing. The objectives are to assess suitability, enable adequate design, plan construction, determine ground changes, and document the investigation in a report. Site investigations involve exploring ground conditions through methods like boreholes, trial pits, and geophysical surveys to inform engineering design decisions.
This document contains questions and answers related to NEBOSH Unit-IC (International Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety) exams. It discusses various health and safety issues related to confined spaces, structural failures, fire safety, and workplace design. Some key points addressed include:
- Risks associated with entering a sewage drain to inspect damage, including gases/vapors, oxygen deficiency, slips/trips, sharp objects, entrapment, and illness.
- Factors to consider for adequate workplace lighting, such as task requirements, natural light, layout/shadows, individual needs, and emergency lighting.
- Safety measures for roof repair work, including competent contractors, risk assessments, fall protections
Site investigation involves determining the soil layers and properties beneath a proposed structure. It helps select the foundation type and depth, evaluate load capacity, estimate settlement, and identify potential issues. The exploration program uses methods like test pits, auger and wash borings, probing, and geophysics to obtain samples and measure properties. A site investigation includes planning borings and tests, executing fieldwork, and reporting the findings and recommendations.
Shell has over 100 years of history in the region. The report provides details on Shell's mission to meet energy needs in economically, socially, and environmentally responsible ways. It discusses Shell's vision to reinforce its position as a leader in oil and gas while providing competitive shareholder returns and meeting global energy demand responsibly. The report also gives a brief overview of Shell's worldwide and Pakistan-specific history, organizational structure, products/services, pricing, market trends, and current marketing strategy in Pakistan.
Appropriate Due Diligence of Brownfield Sites in Irelnd - In The Current MarketPadraic Mulroy
The Northern Ireland Environment Agency carried out an inventory of potentially contaminated land and have stated in 2011 that they have indentified a number in excess of 14,000 sites. This number was revised upwards from 12,000 in 2009. Mulroy Environmental carried out an \'in-house\' inventory of key industrial sectors. This in-house inventory suggests that the NIEA contaminated land database number is correct. As such, it is likely that the Rep. of Ireland has over twice the number of potentially contaminated sites as that of Northern Ireland i.e. >30,000.
An Argument for a GIS Contaminated Land Inventory for The Republic of IrelandPadraic Mulroy
In an inventory of contaminated land sites carried out by the Irish EPA in 1999 and presented in a CARACAS publication, the number of contaminated land sites in Ireland was conservatively estimated at a relatively modest 2,000 to 2,500. This number was derived from an inventory of contaminated land sites in the petroleum retail sector, at various industrial sites, at closed landfill sites, timber treatment yards, scrap yards, railway yards and former gasworks sites. In comparison, the number of contaminated land sites in the UK is estimated at possibly over 100,000. It is stated that the number of brownfield sites or facilities with contaminated land legacies in Ireland is significantly less in Ireland than those of most other more industrialized European countries such as the UK, due to Ireland’s relative late arrival into the industrial age. The Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA) carried out an inventory of potentially contaminated land and have stated in 2011 that they have identified a number in excess of 14,000 sites. This number was revised upwards from 12,000 in 2009. Mulroy Environmental carried out an 'in-house' inventory of key industrial sectors. This in-house inventory suggests that the NIEA contaminated land database number is correct. As such, it is likely that the Rep. of Ireland has over twice the number of potentially contaminated sites as that of Northern Ireland i.e. >30,000.
The value of having an inventory of potentially contaminated land available to the public appears to have been underestimated within the Republic of Ireland. A review of the introduction of environmental legislation in the Republic over the past 20 years (particularly the Waste Management Act, 1996) would indicate that there is an unease within the regulators at the introduction of a freely available inventory. The primary reason for this would appear to be a fear within regulators of drawing the wrath of the property development and real estate sectors due to ‘property blight’. A secondary reason would appear to be legal ambiguity over the true purpose of Sections 22 and Section 26 of the Waste Management Act, 1996.
The value of having a publically administered GIS based system which would list properties that have been potentially contaminated in the past can not be argued against. This list would ideally draw on the extensive experience of the UK Environmental Agency with regard to work previously carried out on various industrial sectors (i.e. the EA have drawn up a list of 30 industrial profiles). This would provide potential buyers with a clear indicator of whether a Phase I Site Audit should be carried out by an environmental consultant as part of Pre-purchase Due Diligence work. The scenario of an investor or developer purchasing a property in the Republic of Ireland that has, after contract completion turned out to have contamination is very common. This is a scenario that can be avoided.
Remediation, Clean-up and other non-NEPM conceptsPeter Gringinger
This document discusses gaps in guidance around the remediation planning phase of the land contamination management process in Australia. While legislation and guidelines provide extensive guidance for site assessment, there is little direction on subsequent remediation feasibility studies and remediation action plans. The document proposes that national guidelines be revised to provide a more holistic representation of the full management process, and promote the adoption of remediation feasibility studies and endorsed remediation action plans.
This presentation summarizes the key legislation and processes regarding environmental impact assessments and planning for wind farm projects in Ireland. It outlines the requirements for environmental impact statements as part of the planning process, as well as the appropriate assessment process to ensure compliance with EU directives on habitats and birds. Recent and proposed legislation including the 2010 Planning Bill are also addressed.
Slides from a presentation by Bill Hoff, Director, Engineering Group, Gulf Interstate Engineering Company and Edward J. Wiegele, President, Professional Services, Willbros Engineers (U.S.), LLC at the 2012 International Pipeline & Offshore Contractors Association Convention in Istanbul.
Oakdene Hollins Research & Consulting provide this report on Lanthanide Resources and Alternatives.
Rare Earths are a group of metals which have
many high-technology applications. The current
generation of hybrid and electric vehicles and wind
turbines uses substantial quantities of Rare Earth
elements in the form of high-strength magnets and
rechargeable batteries. The key Rare Earths used
for these applications are neodymium, dysprosium
and terbium (for the permanent magnets) and
lanthanum (for the batteries).
EU Retailing Opportunities for FTSE100 Oil Companies, Hypermarkets & FMCG...shahzad6708
2009-2020 Outlook, B2B & B2C Opportunities, Proposition Development for FTSE100 Oil Majors, Hypermarkets, Retailers and Suppliers like Mars, Nestle!
This document discusses the selection of landfill sites for solid waste management in Damaturu Town, Nigeria using GIS techniques. It outlines various factors that must be considered when selecting landfill sites, such as land use, proximity to roads, elevation, slope, groundwater levels, wind direction, and distance from residential areas and water bodies. GIS allows for capturing, storing, manipulating and analyzing spatial data for the area. Through assigning weighted criteria to factors like land use, roads and water bodies, the document uses GIS and multi-criteria analysis to identify 7 potential landfill sites that meet the size requirement of 20 hectares.
Fuel Cost represents about 30 % of airline cost any saving in this element will lead to reduce the total cost , this presentation explore the method of monitoring the fuel and the human factors
CN301 Geoenvironmental Engineering. Kajian kes tentang Tragedi Chernobyl. Semoga perkongsian ini bermanfaat.
Ex-Student : Diploma in Environmental Engineering (2010-2013)
Bloomberg Intelligence: India Budget: Petroleum ImpactBloomberg LP
India’s Budget: Petroleum Impact http://bloom.bg/1wSAOcS
India’s budget due Feb. 28 may include details on how to refocus the country’s energy subsidies. This may help reduce the budget deficit while also freeing up funds for India firms to invest in oil and gas exploration and much-needed infrastructure.
The government, trying to sell state assets to cut the deficit, may have to address investor concerns regarding subsidy allocations and natural-gas prices. Investors will be watching for evidence that Modi’s planned reforms are achievable.
This document provides information about a biogas plant report prepared by a student. It begins with an introduction to biogas and biogas plants. It then discusses what biogas is, the constituents of biogas, how a biogas plant works, and the advantages and disadvantages of biogas plants. Some key points covered include:
- Biogas is produced from the anaerobic digestion of organic waste by bacteria in an oxygen-free environment. It is comprised primarily of methane and carbon dioxide.
- A biogas plant consists of a digester where waste decomposes and a gas holder that collects the gases produced. The gases can then be used as an energy source.
- Biogas plants reduce waste,
The document discusses site investigation, which involves gathering subsurface information about a proposed construction project location. It describes the purpose, scope, and stages of a site investigation. The typical stages are a desk study, preliminary investigation including some boreholes, a detailed investigation with more boreholes and sampling, and monitoring during construction. Common investigation methods discussed are the standard penetration test, cone penetration test, and sampling techniques.
Future strategies in gas retailing in indiaChetan Sharma
This document is a dissertation report on future market strategies in gas retailing. It provides an overview of the petroleum sector in India, including gas availability and marketing scenarios. It then discusses emerging trends in fuel retailing, such as deregulation, technology upgrades, and changing consumer expectations. The report also examines challenges for oil marketing companies and different strategies they can use for differentiation, such as focusing on customer experience, quality, and supply chain optimization.
The behaviour model of fuel retail consumerAri Pramono
1) The document presents research on modeling the behavior of fuel retail consumers, specifically investigating choice set generation and developing a choice model for planned and ad-hoc refueling.
2) A key finding is that the importance of spatial attributes over non-spatial attributes is greater for consumers in search mode compared to choice mode. The model also accounts for spatial cognition and spatio-temporal limitations of consumers.
3) The proposed on-the-fly choice model outperforms existing spatial models in predictive capability and can be used to analyze spatial competition and predict origin of demand.
Week 01 Preliminaries Works, Soil Investigate & Ground Water Controlnik kin
The document discusses site preparation for construction projects, including site investigation, soil investigation, and ground water control. Site investigation involves collecting data about the site, including topography, hydrology, and existing infrastructure. Soil investigation determines site suitability and foundation design through methods like trial pits, augers, and sampling. Ground water control includes temporary dewatering methods like sumps and wellpoints, and permanent barriers like grouted membranes, contiguous piling, and diaphragm walls. Preliminaries works establish temporary facilities and ensure safety/compliance for a construction project.
1. A site investigation determines the suitability of a site for construction by examining physical aspects like soil composition and legal aspects like planning permissions.
2. The investigation assesses the site suitability, helps with design and construction planning, and predicts potential issues. Information is needed on soil properties, groundwater, and excavated materials.
3. The investigation process involves a desk study of existing information, a site walkover, detailed tests and sampling which may include trial pits and boreholes to examine soil and groundwater conditions.
The document summarizes the stages of a site investigation which includes a desk study, site reconnaissance, detailed exploration and sampling, field/in-situ testing, and laboratory testing. The objectives are to assess suitability, enable adequate design, plan construction, determine ground changes, and document the investigation in a report. Site investigations involve exploring ground conditions through methods like boreholes, trial pits, and geophysical surveys to inform engineering design decisions.
This document contains questions and answers related to NEBOSH Unit-IC (International Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety) exams. It discusses various health and safety issues related to confined spaces, structural failures, fire safety, and workplace design. Some key points addressed include:
- Risks associated with entering a sewage drain to inspect damage, including gases/vapors, oxygen deficiency, slips/trips, sharp objects, entrapment, and illness.
- Factors to consider for adequate workplace lighting, such as task requirements, natural light, layout/shadows, individual needs, and emergency lighting.
- Safety measures for roof repair work, including competent contractors, risk assessments, fall protections
Site investigation involves determining the soil layers and properties beneath a proposed structure. It helps select the foundation type and depth, evaluate load capacity, estimate settlement, and identify potential issues. The exploration program uses methods like test pits, auger and wash borings, probing, and geophysics to obtain samples and measure properties. A site investigation includes planning borings and tests, executing fieldwork, and reporting the findings and recommendations.
Shell has over 100 years of history in the region. The report provides details on Shell's mission to meet energy needs in economically, socially, and environmentally responsible ways. It discusses Shell's vision to reinforce its position as a leader in oil and gas while providing competitive shareholder returns and meeting global energy demand responsibly. The report also gives a brief overview of Shell's worldwide and Pakistan-specific history, organizational structure, products/services, pricing, market trends, and current marketing strategy in Pakistan.
Appropriate Due Diligence of Brownfield Sites in Irelnd - In The Current MarketPadraic Mulroy
The Northern Ireland Environment Agency carried out an inventory of potentially contaminated land and have stated in 2011 that they have indentified a number in excess of 14,000 sites. This number was revised upwards from 12,000 in 2009. Mulroy Environmental carried out an \'in-house\' inventory of key industrial sectors. This in-house inventory suggests that the NIEA contaminated land database number is correct. As such, it is likely that the Rep. of Ireland has over twice the number of potentially contaminated sites as that of Northern Ireland i.e. >30,000.
An Argument for a GIS Contaminated Land Inventory for The Republic of IrelandPadraic Mulroy
In an inventory of contaminated land sites carried out by the Irish EPA in 1999 and presented in a CARACAS publication, the number of contaminated land sites in Ireland was conservatively estimated at a relatively modest 2,000 to 2,500. This number was derived from an inventory of contaminated land sites in the petroleum retail sector, at various industrial sites, at closed landfill sites, timber treatment yards, scrap yards, railway yards and former gasworks sites. In comparison, the number of contaminated land sites in the UK is estimated at possibly over 100,000. It is stated that the number of brownfield sites or facilities with contaminated land legacies in Ireland is significantly less in Ireland than those of most other more industrialized European countries such as the UK, due to Ireland’s relative late arrival into the industrial age. The Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA) carried out an inventory of potentially contaminated land and have stated in 2011 that they have identified a number in excess of 14,000 sites. This number was revised upwards from 12,000 in 2009. Mulroy Environmental carried out an 'in-house' inventory of key industrial sectors. This in-house inventory suggests that the NIEA contaminated land database number is correct. As such, it is likely that the Rep. of Ireland has over twice the number of potentially contaminated sites as that of Northern Ireland i.e. >30,000.
The value of having an inventory of potentially contaminated land available to the public appears to have been underestimated within the Republic of Ireland. A review of the introduction of environmental legislation in the Republic over the past 20 years (particularly the Waste Management Act, 1996) would indicate that there is an unease within the regulators at the introduction of a freely available inventory. The primary reason for this would appear to be a fear within regulators of drawing the wrath of the property development and real estate sectors due to ‘property blight’. A secondary reason would appear to be legal ambiguity over the true purpose of Sections 22 and Section 26 of the Waste Management Act, 1996.
The value of having a publically administered GIS based system which would list properties that have been potentially contaminated in the past can not be argued against. This list would ideally draw on the extensive experience of the UK Environmental Agency with regard to work previously carried out on various industrial sectors (i.e. the EA have drawn up a list of 30 industrial profiles). This would provide potential buyers with a clear indicator of whether a Phase I Site Audit should be carried out by an environmental consultant as part of Pre-purchase Due Diligence work. The scenario of an investor or developer purchasing a property in the Republic of Ireland that has, after contract completion turned out to have contamination is very common. This is a scenario that can be avoided.
Remediation, Clean-up and other non-NEPM conceptsPeter Gringinger
This document discusses gaps in guidance around the remediation planning phase of the land contamination management process in Australia. While legislation and guidelines provide extensive guidance for site assessment, there is little direction on subsequent remediation feasibility studies and remediation action plans. The document proposes that national guidelines be revised to provide a more holistic representation of the full management process, and promote the adoption of remediation feasibility studies and endorsed remediation action plans.
This presentation summarizes the key legislation and processes regarding environmental impact assessments and planning for wind farm projects in Ireland. It outlines the requirements for environmental impact statements as part of the planning process, as well as the appropriate assessment process to ensure compliance with EU directives on habitats and birds. Recent and proposed legislation including the 2010 Planning Bill are also addressed.
Slides from a presentation by Bill Hoff, Director, Engineering Group, Gulf Interstate Engineering Company and Edward J. Wiegele, President, Professional Services, Willbros Engineers (U.S.), LLC at the 2012 International Pipeline & Offshore Contractors Association Convention in Istanbul.
Oakdene Hollins Research & Consulting provide this report on Lanthanide Resources and Alternatives.
Rare Earths are a group of metals which have
many high-technology applications. The current
generation of hybrid and electric vehicles and wind
turbines uses substantial quantities of Rare Earth
elements in the form of high-strength magnets and
rechargeable batteries. The key Rare Earths used
for these applications are neodymium, dysprosium
and terbium (for the permanent magnets) and
lanthanum (for the batteries).
Established in the year 2013, Earthcare Consultants is a leading organization affianced in the area of manufacturing, supplying and service providing of Water Plant, UltrafIltration System, Organic Waste Composter Machine, Pollution Control Equipments, Filter Press Machine, Waste Water Management Solution, AMC Services, Operation Services, Environmental Monitoring Service, Environmental Consultancy Service, Water Plant Maintenance Service and many more.
Environmental Sciences Corporation provides environmental, industrial hygiene, and health and safety services through four primary platforms: traditional environmental services, remediation and restoration services, industrial hygiene services, and water resources services. They have over 40 employees in 8 office locations nationwide and serve over 450 clients in both private and public sectors. Their services include assessments, investigations, permitting, remediation, indoor air quality testing, and more.
Seminar on Environmental Impact Assessmentashwinpand90
This document discusses environmental impact assessment (EIA). It explains that EIA evaluates the environmental consequences of a proposed project or development. The EIA process typically involves 8 steps: screening, scoping, impact analysis, impact mitigation, reporting, review, decision making, and monitoring. Major projects that always require an EIA are listed in Schedule 1, while some smaller projects may require one depending on their potential environmental impacts as listed in Schedule 2. The document provides examples of key sectors, impacts, and alternatives that are often evaluated in an EIA.
2005 IADC Environment Stavanguer Offshore Drilling And The Environmentilidiofranco
Noble Drilling has implemented environmental management systems on its offshore drilling rigs to minimize environmental impacts. In 2000, the Noble Lynda Bossler became the first offshore rig certified under the ISO 14001 standard. By 2004, all eligible Noble rigs, offices, and yards worldwide were ISO 14001 certified, making Noble the first drilling contractor to achieve fleet-wide certification. Noble's environmental management system involves establishing policies and plans, implementation, checking and corrective actions, and management reviews to continuously improve environmental performance. The system addresses issues like containment, eliminating harmful discharges, emergency response, emissions control, waste management, and training.
Columbia Technologies High-Resolution Remedial Design Characterization -SOHL ...John Sohl
An industry leader in high-resolution environmental site characterization provides an overview of available technologies and keys to optimizing data collection.
This document summarizes a seminar on environmental impact assessment (EIA). It defines EIA as the evaluation of environmental impacts from major projects affecting the environment. The document then outlines the key stages of the EIA process, including screening, scoping, impact analysis, reporting, review, decision making, and monitoring. It also discusses the historical background and purpose of EIA, describes different types of environmental impacts, and lists the types of projects that typically require an EIA. In conclusion, the document states that EIA is an important tool to ensure projects do not adversely impact the environment and to facilitate informed decision making.
Sark7 scott mongeau-sustainability-2011Scott Mongeau
"Refining the Business Case for Sustainable Energy Projects Using Palisade @Risk and Precision Tree: A Biofuel Plant Case Study"
The sustainable energy industry sits at the nexus of growth and change: the popular groundswell for ‘green initiatives’, ongoing debates concerning global warming / climate change, fickle government incentives, the quest for renewable and alternative sources, expansion in developing economies, and the rapid emergence of new technologies. Sustainable energy industry sectors such as biofuel, solar, wind power each have unique selling points as well as practical challenges. Across the board, profit margins are uncertain and tight, demanding detailed analysis and complex business cases. Palisade Decision Tools Suite is an ideal vehicle for conducting the deep analysis needed to separate the hype and ‘wishful vibes’ from the real risks and tangible profit cases needed to ‘green light’ sustainability projects.
Sustainable energy’s central competitor and sometimes partner, the petroleum majors, have distinct advantages, having established, streamlined supply chains and being embedded into the global economy. However, traditional petroleum exploration is going to increasingly extreme and risky lengths to locate and exploit new reserves (i.e. Athabasca Oil Sands, deep sea drilling, project development in politically unstable regions). The petroleum majors are dedicated users of the Palisade Decision Tools Suite to make their increasingly complex and risky business cases.
This presentation asserts that an energy development ‘risk / reward parity’ level is growing between new petroleum exploration and sustainable energy initiatives. The presentation uses a biofuel plant case study as an example of how a profitable business case can be made for a sustainable energy project using techniques commonly applied in petroleum exploration and engineering initiatives. The biofuel industry is expected to multiply its production by a factor of 50 by 2020. The uncertainties of government subsidy, tax credits, and loan guarantees are crucial to meeting biofuel profit margins. Stochastic analysis greatly improves the ability to pinpoint risk and to identify mitigation strategies. The case study uses @Risk to model biofuel project NPV, Evolver to suggest plant optimization strategies, and Precision Tree to guide strategic decision making. The approaches presented have promise as a due-diligence tool for prospective sustainability entrepreneurs, investors, project managers, and firms.
Scott Mongeau
scott@sark7.com
www.sark7.com
Refining the Business Case for Sustainable Energy ProjectsBiomatica BV
Refining the Business Case for Sustainable Energy Projects Using Palisade @RISK and Precision Tree: A Biofuel Plant Case Study
Scott Mongeau
Biomatica
The sustainable energy industry sits at the nexus of growth and change: the popular groundswell for ‘green initiatives’, ongoing debates concerning global warming / climate change, fickle government incentives, the quest for renewable and alternative sources, expansion in developing economies, and the rapid emergence of new technologies. Sustainable energy industry sectors such as biofuel, solar, wind power each have unique selling points as well as practical challenges. Across the board, profit margins are uncertain and tight, demanding detailed analysis and complex business cases. Palisade\'s DecisionTools Suite is an ideal vehicle for conducting the deep analysis needed to separate the hype and ‘wishful vibes’ from the real risks and tangible profit cases needed to ‘green light’ sustainability projects.
Sustainable energy’s central competitor and sometimes partner, the petroleum majors, have distinct advantages, having established, streamlined supply chains and being embedded into the global economy. However, traditional petroleum exploration is going to increasingly extreme and risky lengths to locate and exploit new reserves (i.e. Athabasca Oil Sands, deep sea drilling, project development in politically unstable regions). The petroleum majors are dedicated users of the Palisade DecisionTools Suite to make their increasingly complex and risky business cases.
This presentation asserts that an energy development ‘risk / reward parity’ level is growing between new petroleum exploration and sustainable energy initiatives. The presentation uses a biofuel plant case study as an example of how a profitable business case can be made for a sustainable energy project using techniques commonly applied in petroleum exploration and engineering initiatives. The biofuel industry is expected to multiply its production by a factor of 50 by 2020. The uncertainties of government subsidy, tax credits, and loan guarantees are crucial to meeting biofuel profit margins. Stochastic analysis greatly improves the ability to pinpoint risk and to identify mitigation strategies. The case study uses @RISK to model biofuel project NPV, Evolver to suggest plant optimisation strategies, and PrecisionTree to guide strategic decision making. The approaches presented have promise as a due-diligence tool for prospective sustainability entrepreneurs, investors, project managers, and firms.
Similar to ’Environmental Site Investigation and Due Diligence in the Current Market.’ APEA Presentation15 11 12 (15)
Refining the Business Case for Sustainable Energy Projects
’Environmental Site Investigation and Due Diligence in the Current Market.’ APEA Presentation15 11 12
1. Environmental
Site Investigation &
Due Diligence in the Current Market
Padraic Mulroy,
BSc., MSc., MIEI, MIPSS, CSc, SiLC
Managing Director
Mulroy Environmental
APEA Petroleum Seminar
Firgrove Hotel
Mitchelstown
County Cork
15th November 2012
2. BACKGROUND
MULROY ENVIRONMENTAL
1 Background
Who are we?
2 Petrol Station- Facts
• Based in Dundalk, County Louth (the Wee County)
3 Environmental Liability?
• Started in 2007
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel? Services
5 Environmental
• Due Diligence Site Investigation/Contaminated Land Risk
Site Assessment Assessment
6 Risk Assessment • Remediation/Bioremediation of Contaminated Soil & Water
7 Site Remediation • Waste Licence & Permit Applications
8 Reality Check • IPPC Licensing
9 Changes to Legislation • Wastewater Treatment Plant Design for Single, Small
& Licensing Community, Commercial & Industrial Development
• Site Suitability Assessment
• Environmental Impact Assessment
• Sludge Management Expertise
• Environmental Monitoring
Slide 2
3. BACKGROUND
MULROY ENVIRONMENTAL
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts
Petroleum Sector Specific Services
3 Environmental Liability? • Phase I Audits (Non-Intrusive) – Service Inspections with
4 What’s in Petroleum
Environmental Sensitivity Assessment
Fuel? • Phase I Audits with Soil Vapour Surveys (Intrusive)
5 Environmental • Phase II Site Investigation:
Site Assessment • Supervision of drilling, groundwater & gas well installation
6 Risk Assessment • Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation • Generic Quantitative Risk Assessment (GQRA)
8 Reality Check • Detailed Quantitative Risk Assessment (DQRA)
9 Changes to Legislation • Remedial Action Plans (RAPs)
& Licensing
• Remediation Supervision:
• Dig & dump
• Groundwater clean-up/NAPL removal/Soil Vapour
Extraction/Dual Phase, etc
• Post-remediation Close-out/Validation Reports
Slide 3
4. PETROL RETAIL STATION - FACTS
1 Background • Huge variety!
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation Old Roadside
& Licensing Service Station Motorway Service
(Old single skinned Station
USTs partially (Double skinned
under public road) USTs & pipework)
Slide 4
5. PETROL RETAIL STATION - FACTS
2006 DOELG/ARUP Report on Petroleum Sector in
ROI
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Number of retail sites in NI?
Slide 5
6. ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY?
- Why are they a threat to the environment?
- Why are they an environmental liability?
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental
Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Slide 6
7. ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY?
- Why are they a threat to the environment?
- Why are they an environmental liability?
1 Background WHAT IS BELOW GROUND LEVEL?
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental
Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Slide 7
8. ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY?
- Why are they a threat to the environment?
- Why are they an environmental liability?
1 Background WHAT IS BELOW GROUND LEVEL?
2 Petrol Station- Facts
Product
3 Environmental leaking from
Liability?
vent line-
4 What’s in Petroleum
historic
Fuel?
overfilling
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Slide 8
9. ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY?
- Why are they a threat to the environment?
- Why are they an environmental liability?
WHAT CAN HAPPEN?
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental
Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Slide 9
10. ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY?
- Why are they a threat to the environment?
- Why are they an environmental liability?
THIS IS WHAT CAN HAPPEN!
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental
Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Approx. 1,000l UL Petrol
Contaminated 2574m3 or
1700 tonnes Slide 10
11. ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY?
- Why are they a threat to the environment?
- Why are they an environmental liability?
THIS IS WHAT CAN HAPPEN!
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental
Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Significant site
remediation costs!
Slide 11
12. ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY?
- Why are they a threat to the environment?
- Why are they an environmental liability?
THIS IS WHAT CAN HAPPEN!
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental
Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Slide 12
13. ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY?
- Why are they a threat to the environment?
- Why are they an environmental liability?
THIS IS WHAT CAN HAPPEN!
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental
Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment Evacuated
6 Risk Assessment houses
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Slide 13
14. WHAT’S IN PETROLEUM FUELS?
- Why are petroleum fuels a threat to the
environment?
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts
What are petrol, kersone and diesel?
3 Environmental Liability? • Fractions of petroleum crude of various molecular
4 What’s in Petroleum weight – petrol (light) to diesel (middle) to lube oil &
Fuel? tars (heavy)
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Slide 14
15. WHAT’S IN PETROLEUM FUELS? –
Why are they a threat to the environment?
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts
What are petrol, kerosone and diesel?
3 Environmental Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum • Light Non-aqeous phase Liquids (NAPLs) – 0.8kg/l
Fuel? density – they float
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
• Various cocktails of aromatic, aliphatic heterocyclic
6 Risk Assessment
NSO & asphaltene compounds
7 Site Remediation • Gasoline contains over 500 different compounds
8 Reality Check
Gas
9 Changes to Legislation Chromatogram
& Licensing of Gasoline
Range Organics
Slide 15
16. WHAT’S IN PETROLEUM FUELS? –
Why are they a threat to the environment?
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts
What is in petrol, kerosone and diesel that
3 Environmental Liability? make them dangerous?
4 What’s in Petroleum • Key components are proven carcinogens:
Fuel?
– Benzene – petrol can contain up to 1% benzene
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
– Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons e.g. naphthalene, etc
6 Risk Assessment – Toluene – neurotoxic
7 Site Remediation – MTBE – additive replaced Tetraethyllead as
8 Reality Check anti-knocking agent. Also acts as oxygenate to
9 Changes to Legislation boost Octane Number.
& Licensing
• Other components:
– Mineral Oil – Total Aliphatic Fraction (Paraffins)
Slide 16
17. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Why get an assessment done?
• Petrol retail company may have internal QA/QC requirements to get
1 Background an environmental assessment of all company owned retail sites
2 Petrol Station- Facts • Requirement of environmental insurance policy
3 Environmental Liability? • Company may require a risk assessment to assess the relative risk
from each site so that an environmental budget can be prioritized
4 What’s in Petroleum for the high risk sites
Fuel? • Owner or operators may suspect that there is a leak due to product
5 Environmental losses showing up in the wet-stock inventory
Site Assessment
• Vapours may be detected by staff in the retail shop or other on site
buildings which may be exceeding the Work Exposure Limit (WEL) or
6 Risk Assessment approaching explosive risk
7 Site Remediation • Vapours may be detected by neighbours in off-site property which
may be exceeding the MEL or approaching explosive risk
8 Reality Check
• A UST or pipework may have failed a pressure test and site owner
9 Changes to Legislation may suspect a leak has occurred but no evidence has showed up –
& Licensing proactive approach!
• A substantial overfill has occurred and site owner may want to
determine the extent of soil and/or groundwater contamination
Slide 17
18. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Due Diligence - Most common scenario
• A prospective Service Station purchaser/Developer submits a planning
1 Background application for:
2 Petrol Station- Facts – A new petrol station (i.e. raze and rebuild and continued petroleum
use); or
3 Environmental Liability? – A residential or mixed residential commercial development on petrol
4 What’s in Petroleum retail site (i.e. change of use)
• Draws up contract with vendor to purchase site in event of success or to
Fuel? walk away if contamination is too severe or planning is refused
5 Environmental • Buyer carries out site investigation, Generic Quantitative Risk
Assessment (GQRA) and Detailed Quantitative Risk Assessment (DQRA)
Site Assessment if site is severely contaminated
6 Risk Assessment • Buyer draws up Remedial Action Plan (RAP) for site to break Source-
Pathway-Receptor link
7 Site Remediation
• Has a sit down with the vendor to give him/her the DQRA/RAP
8 Reality Check report/cost of clean-up. Negotiate on price reduction
9 Changes to Legislation • Once price agreed & ‘Contract of Sale’ agreed, PA submitted
& Licensing • LA may employ external consultant to review or asks EPA for advise
• Planning permission obtained – Sale goes through
• Remediation carried out as 1st Phase/Enabling Works
• Close-out/Remediation Validation Report produced following completion
of remediation
Slide 18
19. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
What kind of assessment?
• Phase I Audits (Non-Intrusive) – Client interview, operation
1 Background
assessment, service inspections with Environmental
2 Petrol Station- Facts Sensitivity Assessment (i.e. Desk Study)
3 Environmental Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel? • Phase I Audits - all of the above + Soil Vapour Survey
5 Environmental (Intrusive)
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation • Phase II Site Investigation -Supervision of drilling,
8 Reality Check
groundwater & gas well installation followed by a Risk
Assessment
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
• Generic Quantitative Risk Assessment (GQRA)
• Detailed Quantitative Risk Assessment (DQRA)
• May also contain Remedial Action Plans (RAPs)
Slide 19
20. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits –
Environmental Sensitivity
1 Background • Desk Study:
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability? – Soil/subsoil, geology, hydrogeology (i.e. aquifer class and vulnerability, proximity
to water abstraction wells/source protection areas), GSI Borehole records
4 What’s in Petroleum within 500m of site – no records - may require door to door survey, aquifer class
Fuel? and vulnerability – on-line GSI & EPA
5 Environmental
– Hydrology (i.e. discharges to surface water catchment) & OPW
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
– River Basin Management Districts Risk Assessment Reports for Groundwater &
7 Site Remediation Surface Water Bodies
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation – Proximity of NHAs/SPA/SACs – On-line NPWS
& Licensing
– Proximity of residences, public houses or commercial premises (with cellars)
– Review of historical mapping (previous uses?) – on-line OS & NMS
– Review of available engineering, topographical & services drawings (i.e. previous
uses of site, old tank farm locations, etc) – all drawings are relevant
Slide 20
21. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits –
Environmental Sensitivity
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Subsoil Map
Vulnerability
Map
Slide 21
22. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits –
Environmental Sensitivity
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Bedrock Map Source
Protection
Map
Slide 22
23. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits –
Operation Assessment
1 Background • Interview with site owner:
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability? – Site Age? Raze & rebuild with soil remediation?
4 What’s in Petroleum
– Tank inventory - maximum age – any single skinned USTs >20-25 years
Fuel? old? => risk increases
5 Environmental
– Underground Storage Tanks (USTs) - Product type, compartmentalized,
Site Assessment single or double skinned, concrete encasement, etc
6 Risk Assessment
– Stock Inventory - Manual dips or fuel gauges?
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
– Decommissioned/disused UST's - Yes/No, completed with/without soil
9 Changes to Legislation testing, decommissioned (i.e. product removal?, washed and/or degassed,
& Licensing left empty or water-filled, foam or concrete filled or removed from site)
– UST pressure testing - Yes/No, Satisfactory/unsatisfactory result
– UST overspill protection - Yes/No
– USTs installed on bedrock- Yes/No
Slide 23
24. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits –
Operation Assessment
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts • Interview with site owner: Forgotten UST not on drawing!
3 Environmental Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
30 year old
Site Assessment
Concrete
6 Risk Assessment
Encased
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
UST
9 Changes to Legislation discovered
& Licensing during
remediation
works
Slide 24
25. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits –
Operation Assessment
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts • Interview with site owner:
3 Environmental Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum – Above ground storage tanks (AST's) - Number? Volume? secondary
Fuel? containment?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment – Secondary containment sufficient – ‘110% or 25% Total Volume’ Rule?
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation – History of secondary containment – installed after AST installation?,
block wall or reinforced concrete walls, concrete lining, retain water,
8 Reality Check bund integrity testing – pass of fail?
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
– Location of fill points – inside or outside bund?
– Apertures or pipework (other than suction lines) running through bund?
Slide 25
26. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits –
Operation Assessment
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment No bund Bunded…
7 Site Remediation
but…
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Slide 26
27. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits –
Operation Assessment
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Ideal
Construction
Slide 27
28. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits –
Operation Assessment
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Ideal
Construction
Slide 28
29. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits –
Operation Assessment
1 Background • Interview with site owner:
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability? – Stormwater Discharge – Surface water or groundwater (existing or
historical decommissioned soakaway?), history of downgradient surface
4 What’s in Petroleum water contamination (fish kills?), Local Authority Section 12 Notices?
Fuel?
– Stormwater Interceptor - Present/absent, age, sufficient capacity,
5 Environmental rainwater diverted?, evidence of product within the stream, river?
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment – Car wash facility - Present/absent, maintenance schedule (months),
discharging to dedicated interceptor or stormwater interceptor =>
7 Site Remediation emulsification of product
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation – Carwash Interceptor - Present/absent, age, discharge to foul sewer or
& Licensing storm? maintenance schedule (months), evidence of foaming on adjacent
surface water bodies?
– On-site wastewater treatment system – Yes/No, accepting carwash
water? Sufficient capacity
– Garage or maintenance facility – Yes/No, disposal of waste lube oil?
Interceptor used as receptacle?
Slide 29
30. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits –
Operation Assessment
1 Background
• Interview with site owner:
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability? – Volume Throughput of Product:
4 What’s in Petroleum • <5,000m3 - over previous 5 years
Fuel? • 5,000 – 15,000m3 - over previous 5 years
• >15,000m3 - over previous 5 years
5 Environmental
Higher throughput >» Greater potential loss through overfilling
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment – Hardstanding:
• Concrete – impermeable
7 Site Remediation
• Tarmac – significant permeability
8 Reality Check • Cobblelock (on sand bed – no protection)
9 Changes to Legislation • Surface quality - extent of cracks, negligible/localised/significant
& Licensing
– Evidence of surface contamination - None/minor/localised/significant
Slide 30
31. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits –
Operation Assessment
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability? • Interview with site owner:
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel? – Previous confirmed significant product surface loss (including overfills) or
5 Environmental spillage within last 5 years – Volume? Cleaned up?
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment – Previous confirmed significant product loss from UST or other
underground structure (e.g. pipeline) within last 5 years – Volume?
7 Site Remediation
Cleaned up?
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
– Stock Reconciliation – well managed computerised system with no
& Licensing
exceedances in previous 12 months?
Slide 31
32. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits – Field Investigation
1 Background • Site Inspection:
2 Petrol Station- Facts – All services should be regarded as paths of least
3 Environmental Liability? resistance & potential migration pathways (vapor and/or
4 What’s in Petroleum liquid)
Fuel? – Comprehensive service inspection – lift all service access
5 Environmental manholes:
Site Assessment • UST access chambers;
6 Risk Assessment • Fuel gauge, electric and telecommunications manholes – any
7 Site Remediation foam packing?;
8 Reality Check • Stormwater, carwash and interceptor access manholes – dip
9 Changes to Legislation interceptor chambers to determine product thickness
& Licensing
• Foul sewers & on-site septic tanks & percolation areas
• Rainwater pipework access chambers
• Water main & fire hydrant lines
Slide 32
33. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits – Field Investigation
• Site Inspection:
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts – LIFT EVERY MANHOLE & TAKE VAPOUR READINGS
3 Environmental Liability? ON ALL CHAMBERS USING PHOTOIONISATION
4 What’s in Petroleum DETECTOR (PID) & LOG
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Slide 33
34. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits – Field Investigation
• Site Inspection:
1 Background
S
OM
2 Petrol Station- Facts
EC
3 Environmental Liability?
L
TE
4 What’s in Petroleum
B/
Fuel? ST
ES
O
5 Environmental RM
Site Assessment VE
N
T
L
6 Risk Assessment
U
LI
FO
7 Site Remediation N
E
8 Reality Check
N LINE
9 Changes to Legislation SUCTIO
& Licensing
PETROL STATION
SERVICES =
OFF-SITE SPAGHETTI
MIGRATION JUNCTIONS!
Slide 34
35. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits – Field Investigation
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts
• Site Inspection:
3 Environmental Liability? – Use your nose and eyes but trust more in science –
4 What’s in Petroleum • Photo-ionisation Detectors (PIDs) – pick up VOCs to ppb; and
Fuel? • Interface Probe for measuring product thickness
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Slide 35
36. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits – Field Investigation
1 Background • Site Inspection:
2 Petrol Station- Facts – Any visible evidence (i.e. staining, vegetation die-back,
3 Environmental Liability? etc) present;
4 What’s in Petroleum – Quality of hardstanding/surface material;
Fuel?
– Condition of bunding on ASTs – water
5 Environmental
retention/integrity? external staining?
Site Assessment
– Condition of receiving surface drains or bodies
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Emulsified
product in
Land drain
Slide 36
37. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits – Field Investigation
1 Background • Site Inspection:
2 Petrol Station- Facts – Where leakage is suspected, inspection of street service
3 Environmental Liability? manholes subject to permission of LAs or owners
4 What’s in Petroleum – Inspection of local excavation works, culverts, basements
Fuel? in public houses if adjacent
5 Environmental – DON’T ASSUME IF IMMEDIATE NEIGHBOURS HAVE
Site Assessment NEVER COMPLAINED THAT THERE IS NO PROBLEM
6 Risk Assessment UNDERGROUND!
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
SOURCE – PATHWAY –TARGET
& Licensing
TARGET MAY BE 0.1KM – 2KM DOWN THE ROAD!
Slide 37
38. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits – Soil Vapour Survey
1 Background • Soil Vapour Survey (SVS):
2 Petrol Station- Facts – Detailed & ‘as-built’ drawings to aid in optimizing locations
3 Environmental Liability? – Services checked using Cable Avoidance Tool (CATSCAN)
4 What’s in Petroleum – Holes drilled using intrinsically safe pneumatic drill – get through
Fuel? hardstanding
5 Environmental – Probabar to achieve gas sampling depths @0.6m and 1.0m
Site Assessment – Ideally 10m herringbone grid
6 Risk Assessment – Max. & minimum readings taken
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Slide 38
39. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits – Soil Vapour Survey
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation Mean: 1.05 ppm
& Licensing Median: 1 ppm
Max: 4 ppm
40 Min: 0 ppm
35
30
Frequency
25
20
15
10
5
0
More
50
100
200
250
350
400
500
10
150
300
450
Range in soil vapour values (ppm) Slide 39
40. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits – Soil Vapour Survey
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts • Soil Vapour Survey (SVS):
3 Environmental Liability? Advantages:
4 What’s in Petroleum – Inexpensive way of delineating a contaminant plume on
Fuel? site
5 Environmental
– Very good in detecting leaks from suction & fill lines
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
– Up to 25 * 1.0m depth points in a day
7 Site Remediation – Minimal disruption to on-going business – cordon off of
8 Reality Check working area
9 Changes to Legislation – Can be used at boundary to determine if off-site
& Licensing migration of vapours is occurring in shallow soils
– Aid in determination of suitable locations for window
sampling investigation points and groundwater and/or
monitoring wells
Slide 40
41. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits – Soil Vapour Survey
1 Background • Soil Vapour Survey (SVS):
2 Petrol Station- Facts Disdvantages:
3 Environmental Liability? – Limit to depth – can obtain lower than 1.0m depths in soft
4 What’s in Petroleum subsoils but will slow project down – cost effectiveness!
Fuel?
– Even with water traps, Photo-ionisation detectors do not
5 Environmental
perform well during high moisture/cold environments
Site Assessment
with ‘Zeroing’ required between each reading –
6 Risk Assessment
technology’s achilles heel!
7 Site Remediation
– Works well where subsoil is relatively permeable and in
8 Reality Check
permeable made ground where groundwater table is
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing greater than 1m below ground level
– In low permeability soils where point source leak is at
depth (i.e. from UST), may not detect in the upper 1m
Slide 41
42. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits – Soil Vapour Survey
1 Background • Soil Vapour Survey (SVS):
2 Petrol Station- Facts Disdvantages:
3 Environmental Liability? – PIDs react well to BTEX compounds (i.e. mono-aromatics)
4 What’s in Petroleum but wont detect diesel vapours – need to use in
Fuel? conjunction with Draeger tubes – however cost!
5 Environmental
– In winter conditions where soil is cold and saturated,
Site Assessment
SVSs should not be carried out - Henry’s Law!
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check FALSE NEGATIVE RESULTS - SITE IS OK?
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
COLD WEARTHER SVS - WASTE OF MONEY!
BE PATIENT - WAIT FOR GOOD DRY WEATER
Slide 42
43. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase I Audits – Overall Results
1 Background Site falls into one of 5 ‘Site Groups’:
2 Petrol Station- Facts 1. Evidence obtained of offsite odours or product, which
3 Environmental Liability? are associated with the site
4 What’s in Petroleum 2. Evidence obtained of significant sub-surface, on-site
Fuel? contamination but no hard evidence of offsite
5 Environmental contamination
Site Assessment 3. Probable on-site problems
6 Risk Assessment
4. Possible on-site problems or specific engineering
7 Site Remediation
concerns
8 Reality Check
5. No on-site problems
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
GROUP 1 & 2 SITES ARE PRIORITISED FOR PHASE II
SITE INVESTIGATION & RISK ASSESSMENT
Slide 43
44. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase II Site Investigation (Intrusive)
1 Background
FIRST STEP – DRAW UP A CONCEPTUAL SITE MODEL (CSM)
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Slide 44
45. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase II Site Investigation (Intrusive)
1 Background
FOCUS ON KEY CONCEPT
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability?
SOURCE - PATHWAY -TARGET (OR RECEPTOR)
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel? Must have all 3 to result in an exposure to a contaminant
5 Environmental
Site Assessment If one is missing the chain is broken.
6 Risk Assessment
In remediating or abating you’re trying to break that chain
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
Remove the Source (dig out the contamination, GW pumping, etc)
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Close off the pathway (Cap the waste/Cut-off wall, PRB, etc)
Protect the receptor (relocate)
Slide 45
46. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase II Site Investigation (Intrusive)
1 Background Good news for British Consultants - process is identical to UK – Irish EPA have
taken guidance from UK EA
2 Petrol Station- Facts
Source-Pathway-Target
3 Environmental Liability? Conceptual Site Model
4 What’s in Petroleum Suitability for end-use
SI Standards:
Fuel?
BS5930:1999 Code of practice for Site Investigations
5 Environmental BS10175:2011 Investigation of Potentially Contaminated Sites
Site Assessment
RA Guidance:
6 Risk Assessment CLR 11. Model Procedures for the Management of Land Contamination
7 Site Remediation EPA Code of Practice ‘Environmental Risk Assessment for Unregulated Waste
Disposal Sites’ in April 2007
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation EPA recognise there is a legal gap and a guidance gap with regard to non-historic
& Licensing waste brownfields i.e. brownfield petrol retail sites
EPA initiated a workshop with Ireland’s contaminated land consultants/ experts
to determine how to best proceed. Main outcome of process was:
Draft Framework for the Management of Contaminated Land and
Groundwater at EPA Licensed Facilities
Slide 46
47. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase II Site Investigation (Intrusive)
1 Background
GOLDEN RULES:
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability? 1. Log soils to BS5930:1999 Site Investigation – universal
4 What’s in Petroleum
language for geologists/engineers;
Fuel? 2. Design site investigation to be consistent with BS10175:2011
5 Environmental Investigation of potentially contaminated sites – Code of
Site Assessment practice….remember..the purpose of the site investigation is to
6 Risk Assessment get access to the media (soil, groundwater or gas). Look at
7 Site Remediation density of monitoring points (i.e. herringbone, etc);
8 Reality Check 3. Beware of cross-contamination…..hydraulic fluid, etc; and
9 Changes to Legislation 4. Make sure laboratory suite is correct for type of contaminants
& Licensing
found on site e.g. TPH-Core Working Group
Slide 47
48. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase II Site Investigation (Intrusive)
1 Background • Priority – get access to underlying made ground, subsoil
2 Petrol Station- Facts and groundwater if possible to take soil and/or
3 Environmental Liability? groundwater samples for laboratory analysis
4 What’s in Petroleum
• Window Sampling –
Fuel?
– Track mounted percussive rig – least disruption, limited
5 Environmental
to max of 5-6m (normally 3.0-3.5m), access to
Site Assessment
groundwater may not be possible if SWL is lower, for well
6 Risk Assessment
construction - problem of smearing in cohesive soils,
7 Site Remediation
works best in permeable sands/gravels
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
– Takes a ‘window core sample’ of soil profile
& Licensing – Biggest advantage - manoeuvrability and small head
height for getting under canopies
– Biggest disadvantage - it struggles in stiff soils and will
refuse on boulders and stiff made ground
– Suitable for Generic Quantitative Risk Assessment &
sometimes for DQRA Slide 48
49. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase II Site Investigation (Intrusive)
1 Background • Window Sampling –
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation Soil
8 Reality Check Cores
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Headspace
Testing
Slide 49
50. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase II Site Investigation (Intrusive)
1 Background • Window Sampling –
2 Petrol Station- Facts – Can install shallow groundwater and gas monitoring wells
3 Environmental Liability? up to 6m total depth – most are 3.0-3.5m total depth
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Slide 50
51. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase II Site Investigation (Intrusive)
1 Background • If window sampling does not reach the groundwater table
2 Petrol Station- Facts and groundwater contamination is suspected
3 Environmental Liability? • If you found severe contamination – want to delineate extent
4 What’s in Petroleum of plume – vertically and horizontally – not possible with
Fuel? window sampling due to depth of contamination and bedrock
5 Environmental • A Detailed Quantitative Risks Assessment is required
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment YOU NEED A BIGGER RIG!
7 Site Remediation Shell & Auger – good for depth & logging of soils, but slow
8 Reality Check
particularly on boulder tills, only to top of competent rock
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Air Rotary – great for speed and depth but destroys sample.
Main advantage is capacity to install monitoring boreholes
within bedrock…quickly and efficiently. But soil is
shredded/macerated & soil samples cant be tested reliable
for VOCs – most expensive but access to groundwater is
nearly guaranteed if the budget can pay for depth
Slide 51
52. ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT
Phase II Site Investigation (Intrusive)
1 Background Shell &
2 Petrol Station- Facts Auger
3 Environmental Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Air
Rotary
Slide 52
53. RISK ASSESSMENT
MAINTAIN FOCUS ON KEY CONCEPT
1 Background SOURCE PATHWAY TARGET (OR RECEPTOR)
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum Refine Conceptual Site Model (CSM)
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Slide 53
54. RISK ASSESSMENT
Refine Conceptual Site Model (CSM)
1 Background
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Slide 54
55. RISK ASSESSMENT
SOIL GENERIC ASSESSMENT CRITERIA FOR
1 Background PETROLEUM SITE GENERIC QRA
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability?
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Slide 55
56. RISK ASSESSMENT
DETAILED QRA –
1 Background
DERIVE SITE SPECIFIC TARGET LEVELS (SSTLs)
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability?
4 COMMON MODELS
4 What’s in Petroleum
Fuel? Contaminated Land Exposure Assessment (CLEA) Model – Soil
5 Environmental Guideline Values, 2009 (Soil lab data);
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment Risk Based Corrective Assessment (RBCA) Model (Soil & water
7 Site Remediation lab data);
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation Environment Agency Remedial Targets Methodology 2006(8) –
& Licensing Controlled Waters.
RISC-HUMAN Model (Site Specific DQRAs)
Slide 56
57. SITE REMEDATION
BREAK THE S-P-T CHAIN
SOURCE
Remove – Dig & dump but where does it go?
No Hazardous Waste landfills but…
1 Background 1 * Hazardous Waste Treatment (Bioremediation) - ENVA Facility in
2 Petrol Station- Facts Portlaoise – accepts hydrocarbon contaminated soil with Mineral
Oil>500mg/kg
3 Environmental Liability?
1 * Hazardous Waste Transfer Station – RILTA Faciity in
4 What’s in Petroleum Greenogue – accepts & exports hydrocarbon contaminated soil with
Fuel? Mineral Oil>500mg/kg
5 Environmental
1 * Non-Hazardous Waste Landfill which can accept hydrocarbon
contamination with Mineral Oil<500mg/kg & Total 17 PAH<100mg/kg
Site Assessment 1 * Non-Hazardous Waste Landfill which can accept hydrocarbon
6 Risk Assessment contamination with TPH<1,000mg/kg (also only landfill which accepts
asbestos C&D waste
7 Site Remediation
1 * Inert Waste Landfill which can accept only C&D. No hydrocarbon
8 Reality Check contamination.
9 Changes to Legislation Cost of disposal of Hazardous Waste/hydrocarbon contaminated
& Licensing soil:
Celtic Tiger price - €65-€125 depending on contaminants
Today’s Recession price - €45 becoming cheaper.
No need for future MNA
Excavation does not require licence but maybe planning permission and
acceptable Waste Management Plan
Slide 57
58. SITE REMEDATION
BREAK THE S-P-T CHAIN
SOURCE
Treat soil on-site e.g. windrow, ex-situ soil biopiling, soil, washing,
1 Background etc – requires a waste licence
2 Petrol Station- Facts Removing hydrocarbons from groundwater (e.g. pump & treat, dual-
phase extraction, etc) may require just a LA Discharge Licence.
3 Environmental Liability?
Soil Vapour Extraction (e.g. petrol retail station remediation) or use
4 What’s in Petroleum of Oxygen or Hydrogen Release Compounds (ORCs or HRCs) – no
Fuel? approval required
5 Environmental
PATHWAY
Site Assessment
Isolate the hazard – vapour cut-off walls, PRBs, capping, LF gas
6 Risk Assessment venting – significant groundworks & may require planning
7 Site Remediation Dust suppression – landscaping/capping
8 Reality Check Immobilise – lime stabilisation…however, getting into waste licence
activity
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
TARGET
Remove the target if plume has fled the site and source removal is
too late e.g. public water supply wells
Last solution to off-site vapour intrusion of petrol into residences-
buy residence.
Slide 58
59. REALITY CHECK
DRIVERS
Brownfield Developers need reasons not to go for a greenfield site…one of
those reasons has to be a financial one!
1 Background
Most Irish LAs lack expertise in contaminated land unlike UK LAs where
2 Petrol Station- Facts there is often a dedicated Contaminated Land Officer…consultant telling the
3 Environmental Liability? regulator what questions she/he should be asking.
4 What’s in Petroleum Often Irish LAs request the assistance of the EPA or hire external
consultant/expert….this takes correspondence and….time
Fuel?
Following SI and RA, if dig & dump solution too expensive and on-site
5 Environmental
remediation is option (i.e. enough space & time), Pre-waste Licence
Site Assessment Application Process needs to be initiated. Applying for a Waste Licence is
6 Risk Assessment prohibitive on a number of fronts:
7 Site Remediation
Republic - Cost €16k (i.e. €10k application fee + €6k surrender fee) –
as yet no applicants since WMA 1996
8 Reality Check
Northern Ireland – Cost €6.9k Total– currently 4 mobile licences
9 Changes to Legislation Time to acquire licence – no fixed time for process
& Licensing
Proof is in the pudding – In 15 years, only 6 (Fixed) Waste Licences
were issued to soil remediation projects
Ultimately developers may get cold feet. Hiring specialist remediation
contractors and long lead in-time, project management issues, etc.
Waste licence application process is statutory process which involves public
& newspaper notice with public consultation…..scare potential home buyers
away…public perception of brownfield redevelopment.
Slide 59
60. REALITY CHECK
DRIVERS
Contaminated soil (i.e. Hazardous waste) disposal is too expensive in
1 Background Ireland.
2 Petrol Station- Facts In most petrol retail remediation projects dig & dump is the only
3 Environmental Liability?
solution – built up areas, no space, etc.
Contractors are afraid to dig in brownfield site…if it’s
4 What’s in Petroleum
contaminated it’s a waste & an offence to bury it!
Fuel?
5 Environmental
Site Assessment
6 Risk Assessment
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check
9 Changes to Legislation
& Licensing
Slide 60
61. CHANGES TO LEGISLATION & WASTE
LICENSING?
Adopt key areas of Soil Framework Directive in new Contaminated Land
1 Background Regulations – shore up legal lacuna
2 Petrol Station- Facts
3 Environmental Liability? EPA to take responsibility for non-historic waste brownfield sites
4 What’s in Petroleum Second a qualified EPA staff member to work as a Contaminated Land
Officer (CLO) for a number of LAs (e.g. regional waste region – 2-3 LAs)
Fuel?
CLO to draw up Contaminated Land register of non-historic waste for each
5 Environmental county (WMA Section 26 Register?)
Site Assessment CLO to assess SI/RA reports, Remedial Plans, etc
6 Risk Assessment CLO to process waste licence applications
7 Site Remediation
8 Reality Check EPA review costs for fixed soil remediation waste licences and
9 Changes to Legislation consider introduction of mobile licence applications as per NI
& Licensing
EPA provide fixed timescale for waste licence applications
WHY? ……DEVELOPERS DON’T LIKE IF’S & UNKNOWNS!
GIVE THEM REASONABLY ACCURATE NUMBERS & TIMELINES!
Slide 61