Improving research papers with PhD assistance will contribute to expanding scientific understanding in the biological and life science. A critical literature review (also known as a critique, critical commentary, critical appraisal, or critical analysis) is a deep examination and critique of work. To know more about apa literature review example, check - https://rb.gy/53bs0 For more info - https://www.phdassistance.com/why-is-a-literature-review-important-for-a-phd-dissertation/ For #Enquiry: Email: info@phdassistance.com India: +91 91769 66446 UK: +44 7537144372

1. How to critically review
academic papers in
Biological & life
sciences
An Academic presentation by
Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, Phdassistance
Group www.phdassistance.com
Email: info@phdassistance.com

2. INTRODUCTION
A critical literature review (also known as a critique,
critical commentary, critical appraisal, or critical
analysis) is a deep examination and critique of work.
A critical review can be done as a standalone activity
or as part of your research and preparation for
producing an empirical literature review example. The
recommendations below are intended to assist you in
critically evaluating a research publication.
contd...

3. To critically review academic papers:
• Identify the research question and its significance:
• The first step in critically reviewing a research paper is to identify the research question the study
aims to address. You should also evaluate the significance of the research question and its relevance
to the field of study.
• Evaluate the methodology:
• The research methodology section of a research paper is critical to its validity and reliability. You
should assess the methodology used in the study, including the sampling techniques, data collection
methods, and data analysis procedures. You should also evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of
the methodology and identify any potential sources of bias.
contd...

4. • Assess the results and conclusions:
• A research paper's results and conclusions section should present a clear and concise summary of the
findings. You should assess the accuracy and validity of the results and evaluate the strength of the
conclusions drawn from the results.
• Evaluate the overall structure and organization:
• The structure and organization of a research paper are essential to its clarity and coherence. You
should evaluate the paper's overall structure, including the introduction, literature review, methodology,
results, and conclusion sections. You should also assess the clarity and coherence of the paper's
argument and evaluate the quality of the writing.
contd...

6. • Consider the contribution to the field of study:
• Finally, you should consider the research paper's contribution. This includes
evaluating the originality and significance of the research question, the quality of
the methodology and results, and the strength of the conclusions drawn from the
results.
Examine an academic paper as an example of a critical research literature review. It is
essential to evaluate its research question, methodology, results, overall structure, and
contribution to the field.
• Check out our sample literature review for the Project to see how the PhD Literature review is
constructed.
contd...

7. A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advancements in Biological & Life Sciences
• The field of Biological & Life Sciences has witnessed significant progress in recent years due to
groundbreaking research and innovative technologies.
• This review aims to highlight key developments across various sub-disciplines, shedding light
on the cutting-edge research that has shaped our understanding of life and living organisms.
• Genomics and Gene Editing:
• Advancements in genomics and gene editing technologies have revolutionized our
understanding of genetics and potential applications in various fields.
• The emergence of CRISPR-Cas9 has allowed for precise and efficient gene editing, offering
unprecedented opportunities in basic research and therapeutic interventions.
• This section discusses the latest discoveries in genomics, epigenetics, and the ethical
considerations surrounding gene editing.
contd...

8. • Neurobiology and Brain Research:
• With the advent of sophisticated imaging techniques and computational neuroscience,
researchers have made remarkable strides in unravelling the complexities of the human brain.
• This section covers groundbreaking studies in neurobiology, synaptic plasticity, brain
mapping, and the connection between neural activity and behaviour.
• Moreover, it delves into the advancements in brain-computer interfaces and their potential
applications in healthcare and neurorehabilitation.
• Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering:
• The burgeoning field of synthetic biology has enabled scientists to engineer biological systems
with unparalleled precision.
• From creating artificial organisms to synthesizing novel biomaterials, this section reviews the
latest breakthroughs in synthetic biological research examples and bioengineering,
emphasizing their applications in medicine, agriculture, and environmental conservation.
contd...

10. • Ecology and Climate Change:
• Climate change and its impact on ecosystems have become pressing concerns. Researchers
have dedicated efforts to understand ecological dynamics and devise strategies for
conservation and mitigation.
• This section examines the role of biodiversity, climate modelling, and ecosystem services in
addressing environmental challenges and explores how interdisciplinary research is essential
in tackling global ecological issues.
• Immunology and Infectious Diseases:
• In light of recent pandemics, immunology and infectious diseases research have garnered
significant attention.
• Advancements in vaccine development, immunotherapies, and antiviral strategies are
highlighted in this section. Additionally, it discusses how immunology intersects with cancer
research, autoimmune disorders, and emerging infectious diseases.
contd...

11. • Biotechnology and Bioinformatics:
• Biotechnology continues to drive innovation across various industries, including healthcare,
agriculture, and energy.
• This section evaluates the latest biotechnological applications, such as biopharmaceutical
production, agricultural biotechnology, and biofuel production.
• Furthermore, it explores the crucial role of bioinformatics in managing and analyzing vast
biological datasets.
• Remember that critically reviewing academic papers is an iterative process. It takes practice and
experience to develop a discerning eye.
• Over time, your ability to identify strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement in research
articles will improve, contributing to the advancement of scientific knowledge in the Biological and
life science research examples.
• Check out our study guide to learn more about PhD Literature review. Why is a literature review
important for a PhD dissertation?

12. PhD Assistance
• Ph.D. Assistance offers comprehensive dissertation literature review services, utilizing academic
sources like journals, textbooks, and newspaper articles to create a research framework,
hypothesis, and questionnaire.
• These experts ensure your research work is ready for journal publication, with access to the latest
reference sources.
• A minimum of 80 references will be used to develop a research framework. Thousands of students
have benefited from our services for literature review.

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