Tamoxifen is an anti-estrogen drug used to treat breast cancer. It works by competitively binding to estrogen receptors in cells, inhibiting estrogen's ability to stimulate cancer growth. Tamoxifen decreases production of growth factors like TGF-β and IGF-1 that promote cancer cell growth. It is also used to treat other cancers driven by estrogen and can help prevent osteoporosis and heart attacks. Side effects include menstrual irregularities and vaginal bleeding. Anti-androgens block androgen receptors in prostate cancer cells and are used to treat prostate cancer. L-asparaginase treats acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphomas by depriving cancer cells of the amino acid asparagine