The document summarizes the multi-step forensic investigation process required to solve a murder case. It involves collecting evidence from the crime scene by various experts, analyzing the evidence in a crime lab, performing an autopsy on the victim, developing a criminal profile, and ultimately interrogating suspects. The goal is to piece together all the evidence like a puzzle to identify the killer and bring them to justice. It is a lengthy, complex, and meticulous team effort requiring many different experts with different specializations.
1. The document discusses homicide investigation techniques in the 21st century, noting that while tools and technology have advanced, it remains the investigator's duty to determine who committed the crime and gather solid evidence for conviction.
2. It explains that the investigator must first determine whether a scene involves homicide or suicide, and then classify the type of homicide. The investigator collects and analyzes evidence from the scene and body to determine cause and time of death.
3. Motive is ascertained by examining the crime details and investigating the victim's life through records and interviews to understand who may have wanted to harm them. The goal is to answer the key questions of who, what, when, where, and why to
The document provides information about crime scenes and evidence collection. It defines key crime scene terms like primary and secondary crime scenes. It describes different types of evidence like testimonial, physical, and trace evidence. It outlines the crime scene investigation process from interviewing witnesses to documenting and processing the scene to collect evidence. It also lists different forensic science disciplines involved in analyzing evidence and the roles of key crime scene personnel.
An Experimental Study Examining the Effects of Confessional and Circumstantia...Julia Van Hooser
The study aimed to examine the effects of confessional versus circumstantial evidence on potential jurors. 30 participants were presented with scenarios providing either type of evidence about a hypothetical crime. Those given confessional evidence were more likely to find the defendant guilty and were more certain in their judgement than those given circumstantial evidence. The results support the hypothesis that jurors are more impacted by confessional evidence. However, the study had limitations such as a young student sample and reading scenarios rather than participants reading themselves. Future research could explore differences by age, culture, or presentation format of evidence.
The document discusses the basics of crime scene investigation, including vocabulary terms, types of evidence, personnel involved, and protocol. It defines key terms like crime scene, primary and secondary crime scenes, suspects, and alibis. It explains that physical, trace, and testimonial evidence can be collected and may identify injuries, link suspects to scenes, corroborate statements, and provide investigative leads. First responders secure the scene while crime scene investigators document and collect evidence. Medical examiners may determine cause of death and experts can analyze specialized evidence. Proper protocol is followed to analyze and document the crime scene.
Crime scene personnel are typically the first to arrive and secure the scene, detaining any persons of interest. The crime scene unit then documents the scene in detail, collecting any physical evidence. The district attorney may be present to help determine if search warrants are needed. Medical examiners could determine preliminary cause of death. Forensic experts like entomologists may be called in if needed. Investigators interview witnesses and follow leads from evidence. Forensic science disciplines at state police crime labs include drug chemistry, trace chemistry, microscopy, biology/DNA, toxicology, latent prints, ballistics, toolmarks, and questioned documents to analyze evidence. Proper crime scene protocol is to note witnesses and victims, identify potential evidence, photograph
The document discusses the "CSI effect" and its impact on jurors' decisions in the courtroom. It defines the CSI effect as unrealistic expectations among jurors of forensic evidence and investigation techniques due to watching crime drama television shows. This has made it harder for prosecutors to get convictions when scientific evidence is absent or irrelevant to a case. Several potential solutions are discussed, such as standardizing forensic tests, separating police and crime scene investigation work, and screening out frequent viewers of crime shows for jury duty. However, the CSI effect may persist as long as popular crime drama television shows continue to depict unrealistic versions of forensic investigation.
Testimonial evidence includes eyewitness accounts and statements given to police, which can provide useful information but are not highly reliable. Eyewitness identifications can strongly influence investigations and trials, but people's memories of events can be impacted by various factors like their perspective and stress. Creating composite sketches with software that accounts for facial features can help investigators identify suspects based on eyewitness descriptions.
1. The document discusses homicide investigation techniques in the 21st century, noting that while tools and technology have advanced, it remains the investigator's duty to determine who committed the crime and gather solid evidence for conviction.
2. It explains that the investigator must first determine whether a scene involves homicide or suicide, and then classify the type of homicide. The investigator collects and analyzes evidence from the scene and body to determine cause and time of death.
3. Motive is ascertained by examining the crime details and investigating the victim's life through records and interviews to understand who may have wanted to harm them. The goal is to answer the key questions of who, what, when, where, and why to
The document provides information about crime scenes and evidence collection. It defines key crime scene terms like primary and secondary crime scenes. It describes different types of evidence like testimonial, physical, and trace evidence. It outlines the crime scene investigation process from interviewing witnesses to documenting and processing the scene to collect evidence. It also lists different forensic science disciplines involved in analyzing evidence and the roles of key crime scene personnel.
An Experimental Study Examining the Effects of Confessional and Circumstantia...Julia Van Hooser
The study aimed to examine the effects of confessional versus circumstantial evidence on potential jurors. 30 participants were presented with scenarios providing either type of evidence about a hypothetical crime. Those given confessional evidence were more likely to find the defendant guilty and were more certain in their judgement than those given circumstantial evidence. The results support the hypothesis that jurors are more impacted by confessional evidence. However, the study had limitations such as a young student sample and reading scenarios rather than participants reading themselves. Future research could explore differences by age, culture, or presentation format of evidence.
The document discusses the basics of crime scene investigation, including vocabulary terms, types of evidence, personnel involved, and protocol. It defines key terms like crime scene, primary and secondary crime scenes, suspects, and alibis. It explains that physical, trace, and testimonial evidence can be collected and may identify injuries, link suspects to scenes, corroborate statements, and provide investigative leads. First responders secure the scene while crime scene investigators document and collect evidence. Medical examiners may determine cause of death and experts can analyze specialized evidence. Proper protocol is followed to analyze and document the crime scene.
Crime scene personnel are typically the first to arrive and secure the scene, detaining any persons of interest. The crime scene unit then documents the scene in detail, collecting any physical evidence. The district attorney may be present to help determine if search warrants are needed. Medical examiners could determine preliminary cause of death. Forensic experts like entomologists may be called in if needed. Investigators interview witnesses and follow leads from evidence. Forensic science disciplines at state police crime labs include drug chemistry, trace chemistry, microscopy, biology/DNA, toxicology, latent prints, ballistics, toolmarks, and questioned documents to analyze evidence. Proper crime scene protocol is to note witnesses and victims, identify potential evidence, photograph
The document discusses the "CSI effect" and its impact on jurors' decisions in the courtroom. It defines the CSI effect as unrealistic expectations among jurors of forensic evidence and investigation techniques due to watching crime drama television shows. This has made it harder for prosecutors to get convictions when scientific evidence is absent or irrelevant to a case. Several potential solutions are discussed, such as standardizing forensic tests, separating police and crime scene investigation work, and screening out frequent viewers of crime shows for jury duty. However, the CSI effect may persist as long as popular crime drama television shows continue to depict unrealistic versions of forensic investigation.
Testimonial evidence includes eyewitness accounts and statements given to police, which can provide useful information but are not highly reliable. Eyewitness identifications can strongly influence investigations and trials, but people's memories of events can be impacted by various factors like their perspective and stress. Creating composite sketches with software that accounts for facial features can help investigators identify suspects based on eyewitness descriptions.
- Overconsumption by wealthy Western nations is a major cause of global poverty and resource scarcity. Nearly half of the world's population lives on less than $2.50 a day and does not have access to sufficient food, water, shelter or income.
- Unequal distribution of resources, particularly fertile land that is disproportionately occupied by wealthy farmers for export crops, exacerbates poverty. Reducing consumption in wealthy countries and redistributing resources more equitably could significantly diminish global destitution.
- Solutions proposed include land reform policies to make fertile land more affordable and accessible to local farmers, government policies to protect domestic food production, and limiting consumption and waste in wealthy nations to leave more resources available for poorer populations.
The passage discusses the history and evolution of the US prison system from the early 19th century to today. It describes different eras such as the Reformatory Era, Industrial Prisons period, and Modern Era. Currently, issues like overcrowding, high costs, and recidivism persist due to mass incarceration. To address these issues in the future, the passage recommends downsizing prisons, reducing sentences for nonviolent crimes, increasing education and rehabilitation programs, and reforming parole/probation policies.
Criminal investigations require effective communication between various experts from different disciplines like law enforcement, forensic scientists, medical examiners, attorneys and more. The process begins with the 911 call and dispatch sending first responders to the crime scene. Various experts then examine the scene and evidence, sharing their findings. If a suspect is identified, interrogation requires careful listening. The case culminates in a trial where evidence and witness testimony are presented for the jury's deliberation. Effective communication throughout is essential to identify the perpetrator.
The psychological evaluation analyzes Albert Fish, known as the "Vampire of Brooklyn". He was a serial killer, child molester, and rapist who engaged in sexually deviant acts that escalated to murder over 50 years. He suffered from numerous psychological disorders and paraphilias. Due to the severity and duration of his pathology, effective rehabilitation would have been unlikely. Research indicates intervening early with children exhibiting deviant behaviors can help circumvent them becoming sex offenders.
This document summarizes research on the causes of serial killing. While some studies have correlated serial murder with childhood abuse or brain deficiencies, the document notes that not all serial killers experience these factors. It discusses research finding both genetic and environmental influences, with diminished brain activity found in certain regions of serial killers' brains. The document concludes that combining biological and psychosocial theories is needed to understand what provokes serial killing and that early signs like animal torture should be addressed with therapy or removing children from abusive homes, despite challenges, in order to prevent future serial murders.
Lorde has a simple black logo that stands out against a white background, easily identifying her without an image. Her website focuses on her artist profile and new album, with links to social media and merchandise. News articles show Lorde wants to be seen as a genuine artist who performs live without lip syncing and maintains a good reputation, in contrast to other young stars. Her merchandise and albums portray her full artistic vision for fans.
Tori Kelly's brand image portrays her as innocent and pure. Her simple black logo and understated website photography present her as natural yet stylish. Her merchandise, which includes tops, posters and bags, matches her own everyday style to seem relatable to fans. Recent news articles only discuss her music and performances, not personal life, reinforcing her image of having no secrets from the media. Overall, Tori Kelly's branding aims to show she cares more about her music than fame and presents herself as down to earth.
INTRODUCTION.pptx OG FFOBNJBGUGIUGHKHIYUHBJKHUIYSanketShivansh
Forensic science utilizes principles from various sciences like biology, chemistry, and physics to analyze physical evidence for legal purposes. It aims to reconstruct events of crimes by determining what happened, where, when, how, and to whom using scientific methods. Forensic scientists work to identify suspects, link people and crimes, support or disprove witness testimony, and eliminate suspects through analysis of evidence. Their work provides impartial evidence for use in courts of law.
Collecting Evidence
Criminalistics IP2
Name
Class
Date
Professor
Collecting Evidence at the Crime Scene
Physical evidence is pivotal to solving crimes and for many juries proving the guilt of the criminal suspect. Properly collecting the evidence will protect it from becoming damaged or destroyed at the crime scene and will ensure it admissibility in the court process. Physical evidence us especially important at the crime scene. This evidence points to what happened to the victim and who is responsible for committing the crime. The current crime scene contains evidence of a homicide. The evidence located at the scene includes drying blood on the floor,, a handgun and several shell casing near the victim, and several hairs that are still in the hand of your deceased victim.
Collecting Drying Blood
Blood is important evidence that can yield important information, such as a DNA profile. This DNA profile can be matched to a criminal suspect providing the court with irrefutable evidence of guilt. Blood evidence can also describe what occurred at the scene. Before collecting drying blood the evidence must be documented. Documenting the blood involves carefully photographing the evidence to scale before beginning the collection process. Photographing the evidence where it was located at the scene and from every angle will ensure the evidence can be validated and then as evidence in the court case.
Drying blood is delicate evidence that must be collected following tried and true collection methods. If possible the drying blood should be left to completely dry and then be scraped up using a scalpel and placed in an evidence envelope. The blood evidence still drying on the floor will be wiped up by the criminal investigator using a gauze pad (Shiro, 2006). The gauze pad will then be placed in an evidence envelope and carefully labeled before being transported to the crime scene.
Properly labeling the evidence before it leaves the scene heading to the crime lab is very important. This label provides investigators with important information about the crime scene that will be relayed in a court of law. On the label will be the name of the crime scene investigator, time and date, where evidence was located, and how it was collected. When this information is missing the evidence cannot be authenticated in a court of law. When evidence cannot be authenticated through the chain of evidence it will not be eligible to be used as evidence against the criminal defendant in a court of law.
Once the evidence reaches the lab a serologist will analyze the blood in order to try to develop a DNA profile. The serologist will conduct presumptive tests first to identify the specific fluid and to conduct other preliminary tests (McDonald, 2012). These tests will provide information about blood type and the type of biological evidence before conducting a DNA analysis. This analysis will be pivotal to potentially providing physical evidence .
This document provides an overview of forensics and crime scene investigation. It discusses the definition of forensics, types of evidence collected at crime scenes like fingerprints, DNA, and blood spatter patterns. It describes the roles of various professionals involved like crime scene investigators, coroners, medical examiners. It explains the tools and techniques used to process crime scenes, document evidence, and analyze clues in order to determine how a crime occurred and identify suspects. The goal is to apply science and logic to gather facts that can help solve crimes and achieve justice.
This document discusses bloodstain pattern analysis, which examines bloodstains at crime scenes to reconstruct events. Several factors must be considered when analyzing bloodstains, including surface tension, texture, and angle of impact. Surface tension causes circular blood drops on smooth surfaces and distorted blood on surfaces like linoleum. Angles of impact less than 90 degrees form elliptical stains pointing away from the blood source. Height also affects patterns, with higher heights creating more satellite splatter.
The document provides information about crime scenes and evidence collection. It defines key crime scene terms like primary and secondary crime scenes. It describes different types of evidence like testimonial, physical, and trace evidence. It outlines the crime scene investigation process from interviewing witnesses to documenting and processing the scene to collect evidence. It also lists different forensic science disciplines involved in analyzing evidence and their roles.
The document discusses various aspects of forensic science as it relates to crime scene investigation, including defining key terms like primary and secondary crime scenes, describing different types of evidence like testimonial, physical and trace evidence, outlining the roles of different personnel involved in processing a crime scene like police officers, CSIs, medical examiners and detectives, and providing an overview of the typical crime scene investigation protocol and various forensic science disciplines used in analyzing evidence.
Physical evidence can include almost any object and is collected and analyzed to help ascertain what happened during a crime. Forensic scientists examine physical evidence to identify substances or compare samples to determine if they have a common origin. While some evidence like fingerprints can be matched to a single source, other evidence can only narrow down the possible sources to a group. As more matching pieces of evidence are found connecting a suspect to a crime scene, the likelihood of their involvement increases.
The document discusses DNA forensic studies and DNA databases. It summarizes that experts conclude DNA forensic expertise should be extended beyond specialists to all law enforcement and the public. DNA can help solve cases but more evidence is sometimes needed to secure a conviction. DNA databases can help solve crimes but also raise privacy concerns as innocent people's DNA could be tracked. The pros and cons of DNA databanks are debated as they could help solve crimes but may invade privacy.
Evidence Tracking
Evidence Tracking
Name
Class
Date
Professor
Evidence Tracking
Evidence is essential to solving any case and proving the guilt of an offender in a court of law. Once a crime has been reported the first step of the responding officer is to secure the crime scene to ensure it is properly preserved until forensic investigators can arrive on the scene. The evidence collection process begins with thoroughly documenting the crime scene. The process begins with a walk through of the crime scene in order to identify potential evidence and to develop an idea of what occurred at the crime scene. Once the evidence has been identified the evidence collection process will begin with collecting evidence that is fragile or easily damaged or destroyed.
In the rape scenario DNA evidence is crucial to proving a crime occurred and showing the guilt of the offender. Rape cases are hard to prosecute and require physical evidence to prove the act of rape even occurred. In a majority of cases it is the word of the victim against the word of the perpetrator. DNA evidence can provide conclusive evidence that a sexual assault occurred and point to the guilty offender. In the rape scenario evidence that was located and will need to be collected is the semen on the comforter and the tissue located in the trash can. This evidence can contain valuable DNA that points directly to the offender. The semen and the tissue can contain the DNA profile of the offender and the tissue.
The evidence collection process begins first by identifying the evidence in a walk through and then properly documenting the evidence. Documenting the evidence is an essential step in the collection process. This begins with photographing the evidence where it sits in order to show the court where the evidence was located and in what condition. Once the evidence has been photographed it must be collected using uniform collection standards. The comforter that was located contained a semen stain that must be collected in order to develop DNA on the criminal suspect. Most items of evidence will be collected in paper containers such as packets, envelopes, and bags and liquid items can be transported in non-breakable, leak proof containers (Schiro, 2006).
When collecting DNA from the comforter the forensic technician will mark the wet stain with a permanent marker in order to make it easier to locate during the DNA analysis. The technician will then wait for the comforter to air dry before placing it in a clean package and properly sealing and documenting for transportation. The second piece of evidence that was located at the crime scene was a tissue in a waste paper basket. The tissue will need to be collected using a pair of tweezers or using a pair of gloves and then be placed in a plastic container. The plastic container will need to be sealed and then properly documented for transportation.
Documentation does not include j ...
The document discusses forensic science and crime scene investigation. It defines key crime scene terminology like primary crime scene and secondary crime scene. It describes the different types of evidence like testimonial, physical, and trace evidence. It outlines the roles of personnel involved at a crime scene like police officers, crime scene investigators, medical examiners, and detectives. It also explains the typical crime scene investigation protocol of interviewing, examining, documenting, and processing the scene to identify and collect evidence. Finally, it lists several forensic science disciplines used to analyze evidence in a crime lab, such as drug chemistry, biology/DNA, toxicology, latent prints, and questioned documents.
- Overconsumption by wealthy Western nations is a major cause of global poverty and resource scarcity. Nearly half of the world's population lives on less than $2.50 a day and does not have access to sufficient food, water, shelter or income.
- Unequal distribution of resources, particularly fertile land that is disproportionately occupied by wealthy farmers for export crops, exacerbates poverty. Reducing consumption in wealthy countries and redistributing resources more equitably could significantly diminish global destitution.
- Solutions proposed include land reform policies to make fertile land more affordable and accessible to local farmers, government policies to protect domestic food production, and limiting consumption and waste in wealthy nations to leave more resources available for poorer populations.
The passage discusses the history and evolution of the US prison system from the early 19th century to today. It describes different eras such as the Reformatory Era, Industrial Prisons period, and Modern Era. Currently, issues like overcrowding, high costs, and recidivism persist due to mass incarceration. To address these issues in the future, the passage recommends downsizing prisons, reducing sentences for nonviolent crimes, increasing education and rehabilitation programs, and reforming parole/probation policies.
Criminal investigations require effective communication between various experts from different disciplines like law enforcement, forensic scientists, medical examiners, attorneys and more. The process begins with the 911 call and dispatch sending first responders to the crime scene. Various experts then examine the scene and evidence, sharing their findings. If a suspect is identified, interrogation requires careful listening. The case culminates in a trial where evidence and witness testimony are presented for the jury's deliberation. Effective communication throughout is essential to identify the perpetrator.
The psychological evaluation analyzes Albert Fish, known as the "Vampire of Brooklyn". He was a serial killer, child molester, and rapist who engaged in sexually deviant acts that escalated to murder over 50 years. He suffered from numerous psychological disorders and paraphilias. Due to the severity and duration of his pathology, effective rehabilitation would have been unlikely. Research indicates intervening early with children exhibiting deviant behaviors can help circumvent them becoming sex offenders.
This document summarizes research on the causes of serial killing. While some studies have correlated serial murder with childhood abuse or brain deficiencies, the document notes that not all serial killers experience these factors. It discusses research finding both genetic and environmental influences, with diminished brain activity found in certain regions of serial killers' brains. The document concludes that combining biological and psychosocial theories is needed to understand what provokes serial killing and that early signs like animal torture should be addressed with therapy or removing children from abusive homes, despite challenges, in order to prevent future serial murders.
Lorde has a simple black logo that stands out against a white background, easily identifying her without an image. Her website focuses on her artist profile and new album, with links to social media and merchandise. News articles show Lorde wants to be seen as a genuine artist who performs live without lip syncing and maintains a good reputation, in contrast to other young stars. Her merchandise and albums portray her full artistic vision for fans.
Tori Kelly's brand image portrays her as innocent and pure. Her simple black logo and understated website photography present her as natural yet stylish. Her merchandise, which includes tops, posters and bags, matches her own everyday style to seem relatable to fans. Recent news articles only discuss her music and performances, not personal life, reinforcing her image of having no secrets from the media. Overall, Tori Kelly's branding aims to show she cares more about her music than fame and presents herself as down to earth.
INTRODUCTION.pptx OG FFOBNJBGUGIUGHKHIYUHBJKHUIYSanketShivansh
Forensic science utilizes principles from various sciences like biology, chemistry, and physics to analyze physical evidence for legal purposes. It aims to reconstruct events of crimes by determining what happened, where, when, how, and to whom using scientific methods. Forensic scientists work to identify suspects, link people and crimes, support or disprove witness testimony, and eliminate suspects through analysis of evidence. Their work provides impartial evidence for use in courts of law.
Collecting Evidence
Criminalistics IP2
Name
Class
Date
Professor
Collecting Evidence at the Crime Scene
Physical evidence is pivotal to solving crimes and for many juries proving the guilt of the criminal suspect. Properly collecting the evidence will protect it from becoming damaged or destroyed at the crime scene and will ensure it admissibility in the court process. Physical evidence us especially important at the crime scene. This evidence points to what happened to the victim and who is responsible for committing the crime. The current crime scene contains evidence of a homicide. The evidence located at the scene includes drying blood on the floor,, a handgun and several shell casing near the victim, and several hairs that are still in the hand of your deceased victim.
Collecting Drying Blood
Blood is important evidence that can yield important information, such as a DNA profile. This DNA profile can be matched to a criminal suspect providing the court with irrefutable evidence of guilt. Blood evidence can also describe what occurred at the scene. Before collecting drying blood the evidence must be documented. Documenting the blood involves carefully photographing the evidence to scale before beginning the collection process. Photographing the evidence where it was located at the scene and from every angle will ensure the evidence can be validated and then as evidence in the court case.
Drying blood is delicate evidence that must be collected following tried and true collection methods. If possible the drying blood should be left to completely dry and then be scraped up using a scalpel and placed in an evidence envelope. The blood evidence still drying on the floor will be wiped up by the criminal investigator using a gauze pad (Shiro, 2006). The gauze pad will then be placed in an evidence envelope and carefully labeled before being transported to the crime scene.
Properly labeling the evidence before it leaves the scene heading to the crime lab is very important. This label provides investigators with important information about the crime scene that will be relayed in a court of law. On the label will be the name of the crime scene investigator, time and date, where evidence was located, and how it was collected. When this information is missing the evidence cannot be authenticated in a court of law. When evidence cannot be authenticated through the chain of evidence it will not be eligible to be used as evidence against the criminal defendant in a court of law.
Once the evidence reaches the lab a serologist will analyze the blood in order to try to develop a DNA profile. The serologist will conduct presumptive tests first to identify the specific fluid and to conduct other preliminary tests (McDonald, 2012). These tests will provide information about blood type and the type of biological evidence before conducting a DNA analysis. This analysis will be pivotal to potentially providing physical evidence .
This document provides an overview of forensics and crime scene investigation. It discusses the definition of forensics, types of evidence collected at crime scenes like fingerprints, DNA, and blood spatter patterns. It describes the roles of various professionals involved like crime scene investigators, coroners, medical examiners. It explains the tools and techniques used to process crime scenes, document evidence, and analyze clues in order to determine how a crime occurred and identify suspects. The goal is to apply science and logic to gather facts that can help solve crimes and achieve justice.
This document discusses bloodstain pattern analysis, which examines bloodstains at crime scenes to reconstruct events. Several factors must be considered when analyzing bloodstains, including surface tension, texture, and angle of impact. Surface tension causes circular blood drops on smooth surfaces and distorted blood on surfaces like linoleum. Angles of impact less than 90 degrees form elliptical stains pointing away from the blood source. Height also affects patterns, with higher heights creating more satellite splatter.
The document provides information about crime scenes and evidence collection. It defines key crime scene terms like primary and secondary crime scenes. It describes different types of evidence like testimonial, physical, and trace evidence. It outlines the crime scene investigation process from interviewing witnesses to documenting and processing the scene to collect evidence. It also lists different forensic science disciplines involved in analyzing evidence and their roles.
The document discusses various aspects of forensic science as it relates to crime scene investigation, including defining key terms like primary and secondary crime scenes, describing different types of evidence like testimonial, physical and trace evidence, outlining the roles of different personnel involved in processing a crime scene like police officers, CSIs, medical examiners and detectives, and providing an overview of the typical crime scene investigation protocol and various forensic science disciplines used in analyzing evidence.
Physical evidence can include almost any object and is collected and analyzed to help ascertain what happened during a crime. Forensic scientists examine physical evidence to identify substances or compare samples to determine if they have a common origin. While some evidence like fingerprints can be matched to a single source, other evidence can only narrow down the possible sources to a group. As more matching pieces of evidence are found connecting a suspect to a crime scene, the likelihood of their involvement increases.
The document discusses DNA forensic studies and DNA databases. It summarizes that experts conclude DNA forensic expertise should be extended beyond specialists to all law enforcement and the public. DNA can help solve cases but more evidence is sometimes needed to secure a conviction. DNA databases can help solve crimes but also raise privacy concerns as innocent people's DNA could be tracked. The pros and cons of DNA databanks are debated as they could help solve crimes but may invade privacy.
Evidence Tracking
Evidence Tracking
Name
Class
Date
Professor
Evidence Tracking
Evidence is essential to solving any case and proving the guilt of an offender in a court of law. Once a crime has been reported the first step of the responding officer is to secure the crime scene to ensure it is properly preserved until forensic investigators can arrive on the scene. The evidence collection process begins with thoroughly documenting the crime scene. The process begins with a walk through of the crime scene in order to identify potential evidence and to develop an idea of what occurred at the crime scene. Once the evidence has been identified the evidence collection process will begin with collecting evidence that is fragile or easily damaged or destroyed.
In the rape scenario DNA evidence is crucial to proving a crime occurred and showing the guilt of the offender. Rape cases are hard to prosecute and require physical evidence to prove the act of rape even occurred. In a majority of cases it is the word of the victim against the word of the perpetrator. DNA evidence can provide conclusive evidence that a sexual assault occurred and point to the guilty offender. In the rape scenario evidence that was located and will need to be collected is the semen on the comforter and the tissue located in the trash can. This evidence can contain valuable DNA that points directly to the offender. The semen and the tissue can contain the DNA profile of the offender and the tissue.
The evidence collection process begins first by identifying the evidence in a walk through and then properly documenting the evidence. Documenting the evidence is an essential step in the collection process. This begins with photographing the evidence where it sits in order to show the court where the evidence was located and in what condition. Once the evidence has been photographed it must be collected using uniform collection standards. The comforter that was located contained a semen stain that must be collected in order to develop DNA on the criminal suspect. Most items of evidence will be collected in paper containers such as packets, envelopes, and bags and liquid items can be transported in non-breakable, leak proof containers (Schiro, 2006).
When collecting DNA from the comforter the forensic technician will mark the wet stain with a permanent marker in order to make it easier to locate during the DNA analysis. The technician will then wait for the comforter to air dry before placing it in a clean package and properly sealing and documenting for transportation. The second piece of evidence that was located at the crime scene was a tissue in a waste paper basket. The tissue will need to be collected using a pair of tweezers or using a pair of gloves and then be placed in a plastic container. The plastic container will need to be sealed and then properly documented for transportation.
Documentation does not include j ...
The document discusses forensic science and crime scene investigation. It defines key crime scene terminology like primary crime scene and secondary crime scene. It describes the different types of evidence like testimonial, physical, and trace evidence. It outlines the roles of personnel involved at a crime scene like police officers, crime scene investigators, medical examiners, and detectives. It also explains the typical crime scene investigation protocol of interviewing, examining, documenting, and processing the scene to identify and collect evidence. Finally, it lists several forensic science disciplines used to analyze evidence in a crime lab, such as drug chemistry, biology/DNA, toxicology, latent prints, and questioned documents.
In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provid.docxpauline234567
In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following
· The cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes that result in the patient presenting these symptoms.
· Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
· How these processes interact to affect the patient.
Case study:
A 65-year-old patient is 8 days post op after a total knee replacement. Patient suddenly complains of shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, and palpitations. On arrival to the emergency department, an EKG revealed new onset atrial fibrillation and right ventricular strain pattern – T wave inversions in the right precordial leads (V1-4) ± the inferior leads (II, III, aVF)
Rubric
Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis, examing the patient symptoms presented in the case study. Be sure to address the following:Explain both the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes of why the patient presents these symptoms.
Explain how the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes interact to affect the patient.
Explain any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
Written Expression and Formatting - Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction are provided that delineate all required criteria.
Written Expression and Formatting - English Writing Standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation
Written Expression and Formatting - The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running heads, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.
STUDENT REPLIES
STUDENT REPLY #1 Catherine Lynn Edwards
Evidence is where facts or information is found that could indicate if a belief is true, especially in relationship with a crime. (Brandl, S., 2018). The chain of evidence is the process of collecting evidence, identifying what the evidence is and storing the evidence to potentially be used in court. (Brandl, S., 2018). Law enforcement and other types of people who work with crime scenes work alongside the legal department to ensure that the evidence gets properly handled and stored to potentially be used in court against the alleged criminal. Law enforcement is in charge of handling the evidence and storing it. (Brandl, S., 2018). There are scientist who are able to study the evidence and find clues within the evidence, such as DNA to help find out what that piece of evidence was used for and by who. (Brandl, S., 2018). The investigators assist in taking all the clues and pieces of evidence and try to make sound observations and potential causes for the crime. (Brandl, S., 2018). The investigators s.
Similar to Anthology Of Forensic Evidence Cited (16)
In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provid.docx
Anthology Of Forensic Evidence Cited
1. Tori Kelly<br />03 Nov 2010<br />College Writing I<br />Mr. Denver Long<br />KGA #2- INFORMATIVE ESSAY<br />ANTHOLOGY OF FORENSIC EVIDENCE<br />How many people does it take to solve a murder? Investigating forensic evidence is one of the most intricate disciplines within criminal justice, requiring a team of several forensic experts. This field has become so scientific, with advances in technology, that the viable information it provides is more readily accepted as incriminating in court. For this reason, attention to detail, accuracy and strict compliance to procedures are crucial during every phase of handling evidence. Many different experts are needed to piece together an abundance of evidence, process results in the crime lab, examine the victim, create a criminal profile, and interrogate suspects in order to solve a murder case and bring the killer to justice.<br /> The Crime<br />The first stage in a murder investigation begins with the crime itself. The perpetrator(s) will transfer trace elements to and from the area they come in contact with, leaving a trail of evidence behind them. These can include shoe, hand, and fingerprints; hair; saliva; blood; broken glass; weapons; bullet casings; DNA and a victim explains Fletcher (2006, p.10). All these elements make up the crime scene. The sooner it is discovered, and the police are called, the better. Some biological evidence (blood, semen, saliva, etc.) deteriorates due to time, weather conditions, and animal intrusion. Time is of the essence. The longer the crime scene goes uninvestigated, the less evidence there will be in order to find the killer.<br /> The Scene<br />Generally, according to Fletcher (2006, p.13) the police are the first and most important responders to an emergency call, along with ambulance and fire personnel if necessary. Careful observation and swift action is at their discretion. Once at the scene, if there are any victims, emergency personnel must provide life-saving procedures if they are alive. Although the victim’s life is a priority, it must also be kept in mind that once the evidence is damaged, it is gone forever. During this initial investigation, the least amount of disturbance to the evidence is critical, and it is the responsibility of the officer(s) to protect it. If any evidence is contaminated or destroyed by these personnel it must be carefully documented, to avoid inaccurate results in the crime lab. The more evidence that can be collected, the more solid the case is to result in a killer’s conviction. <br /> The Team<br />Once the police call for assistance, the next phase begins. A team of lab technicians and investigators are put together, based on the information surrounding the crime. There might be a photographer, fingerprint expert, automobile track specialist, blood analyst, medical examiner, ballistic expert, and someone to document all the information, explains Bass (2007, p. xii). Fletcher (2006, p.13) concludes that with this many people, it is critical that they employ effective teamwork and are very careful not to damage evidence. With a cooperative effort these experts are able to work together to assist in proper justice being served. <br /> The Evidence <br />Fletcher (2006, p. 22-23) explains that the photographer takes pictures of the whole scene and puts numbered measurement markers on all the evidence to photograph before it is collected. These provide a permanent record of the scene before anything was touched and can also provide clues that were overlooked in the preliminary investigation. Finger prints, impressions such as tire tracks and shoe prints, are carefully and painstakingly gathered by prints specialists. Tire tracks can identify the type of vehicle that came to and left the scene. Shoe prints also indicate size and brand name, and directionality of the perpetrator(s). Using special compounds, these are all preserved and collected for further analysis in the crime lab. <br />Most likely there will be blood spatter from the victim(s) and possibly the perpetrator(s). It leaves patterns due to the laws of physics Ramsland (2001, pp. 148-15 explains. When force is applied, the amount, shape of the drops, angle of impact, and location will indicate everything from velocity to weapon used and how many people were involved. The pattern also provides clues as to where the blood originated from; where it traveled to; if the killer was bleeding; and what direction he/she went to flee the scene. Samples are also collected and sent to the crime lab in the event a suspect’s blood sample is needed for comparison. According to Ramsland (2001, p.159) these results, combined with the pattern at the scene, may provide investigators with enough information to make a preliminary reenactment of the crime.<br /> If the perpetrator used a gun, most likely there will be shell casing(s) and bullet(s) at the scene, and in the victim. These are collected, and a ballistics specialist fires test shots in an<br />indoor firing range. Ramsland (2001, p. 83) notes that markings left on the bullets are compared to those at the scene, to determine a match and what type of gun was used. If a different weapon was used, it is collected and analyzed in the lab for prints, compared to wounds on the victim, and with blood spatter patterns, then integrated with the reenactment to check for inconsistencies. The weapon is also checked for blood, prints or other fibers left from the killer. <br />The victim(s) will also be examined. If at all possible, argues Bass (2007, pp. 67-79), the Medical Examiner (ME) should be the first to check the body for time of death (TOD) before it is touched or moved. Several factors combine to determine TOD, such as, liver temperature, rigidity, and presence of any insects. Once the ME has completed his assessment, the body is transferred to the morgue to determine the cause of death (COD).<br />As Fletcher (2006, p.46) points out, the most important aspect to remember about the crime scene is, make sure you leave with all the evidence. As investigators check the scene and its outlying areas, they follow a grid or back-and-forth line pattern in order to cover the whole area. Once it is determined all possible evidence has been collected and everyone leaves, anything left behind may be destroyed forever, which could result in an unresolved case, or the wrong suspect.<br /> The Victim<br />An autopsy is almost always performed on the victim. X-rays are taken to examine the bones for injury, and to check for any foreign materials. Ramsland (2001, pp. 41-48) goes on to explain that injuries and their causes both in and outside the body are analyzed and documented. Often bullets are sent to the ballistics expert. Foreign substances are sent to the chemical expert for analysis. Under-nail scrapings are often done to check for DNA belonging to the killer, in the event the victim tried to defend their self. If rape is suspected, semen is tested for DNA. The body is also examined closely for any other possible fibers, fingerprints, bite prints, or any other incriminating evidence linking the killer to the victim.<br />In some instances, the victim cannot be identified right away. According to Bass (2007, p.39), if fingerprints cannot be compared because they are damaged or not in the computer data base system, teeth are one of the most reliable because they can be compared with dental records to confirm identity, and are as individual as fingerprints. <br />The missing person’s data base is also very reliable if a facial match can be made. In some cases, someone knowing the victim may file a missing person’s report, and be escorted to the morgue to positively identify the body. Bass (2007, pp. 194-195) explains that if the victim is not found before decomposition has occurred, facial reconstruction is performed via computer software, which involves measurements of specific positions on the skull. A forensic anthropologist is also able to examine the victim’s bones to determine gender, age and race, Bass (2007, pp. 127-144) concludes. Once the body has been thoroughly examined it is stored in a cooler for preservation. All the collected physical evidence is compared and analyzed with the intention of matching it to a suspect, much like piecing together parts of a puzzle to get the whole picture. This process can be very lengthy and requires a lot of patience and accuracy, which is why this team effort becomes so valuable in order to find the true killer. <br /> The Criminal Profile<br />Another tool investigators rely on, according to Ramsland (2001, pp. 167-186), is criminal profiling to lead them to a suspect. A profile is an educated attempt to provide information about the type of person who committed a certain crime, and also includes the offender’s gender and approximate age; specific method and signature of the crime; living situation and vehicle condition; and evidence of significant relationships. This involves years of information collected from interviewing serious criminals, which is then incorporated into a data bank, also based on experience and knowledge about previous crime scenes and offenders. Based on results of the collected evidence, analysis of the crime scene, and information on the ViCAP (Violent Crime Apprehension Program) data-base, will determine a suspect. <br />Before questioning a suspect, the following must be involved as well in developing an assessment of a criminal: the weapon used; the killing site; the position of the body and whether it was moved; the type of wounds inflicted; details about the victim; any risks the offender took; the method of controlling the victim; and any evidence of staging the crime explains Ramsland (2001, pp. 167-186). With these many experts involved to solve the case, the killer is outnumbered and outmaneuvered. As long as all proper procedures were following in handling and processing the evidence, the perpetrator is most likely doomed to fail getting away with murder.<br /> The Interrogation <br />Upon a suspect being apprehended, one final step in the anthology of forensic evidence is<br />necessary for court proceedings: the interrogation. Ramsland (2001, pp. 193-194) argues that investigators are very adept at seeing through deception. A suspect’s fabrication can be undermined by evidence. Rather than use a question-and-answer format which reveals what is known about the crime, investigators simply ask, “What happened?” leaving the suspect to fill in the blanks. The interrogator looks for what’s revealed and what’s omitted. <br />According to Ramsland (2001, pp. 196-197), this statement analysis focuses on three parts: what is said about events leading up to the crime, the crime itself, and what is said about the aftermath. Investigators note whether the suspect provides more information than what is requested or skips something crucial. They also analyze body language. Types of behaviors that may indicate deception include: more negative than positive statements; increased leg and foot movements; speech hesitations and pauses, taking longer to answer questions; hyperventilating, blanching, flushing, and sighing; reduced hand gestures and lack of head movement. With very astute observation, confidence, and perseverance, the killer will probably give their self away, and not even know it. A clever investigator will most likely help bring the guilty perpetrator to justice and rule out innocent suspects.<br /> <br /> Conclusion<br />While forensics has become more advanced, criminals have become clever at covering their tracks. Even with all of the investigator’s savvy, there are still crimes that no amount of physical evidence or psychological expertise can easily solve. With enough diligence and use of modern forensic science however, more murderers are given their life sentence, than in the old days of Sherlock Holmes and Watson. Also, with these advances in science, fewer innocent people serve sentences belonging to the true killer. The wrongfully convicted who have been serving time have been exonerated, and many cold cases solved. It’s not a perfect science, but the team of experts who collect, analyze and process crime scene evidence, has become more dependable in helping to solve violent crime, thus putting the true killer behind bars or on death row.<br /> References<br />Bass, B., Jefferson, J. (2007) Beyond the Body Farm New York, NY: Harper Collins Publishers<br />Fletcher, C. (2006) Every Contact Leaves a Trace (1st Ed.) New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press<br />Hallcox, J., Welch, A., Bass, B. (2006) Bodies We’ve Buried (1st Ed.) New York, NY: The Berkley Publishing Group<br />Ramsland, K (2001) The Forensic Science of C.S.I. New York, NY: The Berkley Publishing Group<br />