The document provides guidance on external corrosion control for buried or submerged pipelines, specifically regarding electrical isolation. It states that pipelines must be electrically isolated from other underground structures unless they are interconnected and cathodically protected as a single unit. Insulating devices can be installed where needed to facilitate corrosion control. Pipelines must also be isolated from metallic casings, with some exceptions. Inspection and testing is needed to ensure adequate isolation. Precautions must be taken if insulating devices are installed in areas with combustible atmospheres. Pipelines near electrical transmission towers also require protection from fault currents or lightning.
This document outlines requirements for cathodic protection design and sacrificial anode manufacturing. It provides standards for cathodic protection of submerged installations, design parameters like current densities and electrolyte resistivities, and anode inspection/testing tolerances. The document establishes guidelines for electrical continuity, protection of concrete/mud zone structures, and current drain considerations for wells, anchors, and pipelines. Manufacturing requirements are defined for pre-production testing and insert materials for aluminum and zinc anodes.
This document provides information on low voltage (LV) and medium voltage (MV) cable joints that are resistant to hydrocarbons.
It describes two ranges of joints - LV joints that use Prysmian's low hazard resin and rigid shells, and MV joints that use Prysmian's Elaspeed cold-shrink joint bodies for faster installation. Both LV and MV joints are enclosed in JEM resin and glass reinforced shells to provide excellent resistance to hydrocarbons.
The document provides specifications for various joint models including dimensions, compatible connectors, and cable size ranges for LV straight joints and MV Elaspeed straight joints for 11kV, 33kV applications.
Analysis of Casing Connections Subjected to Thermal Cycle LoadingSIMULIA
Production of heavy oil and bitumen, which is increasing around the world as conventional oil resources are depleted, often uses thermal well technologies such as Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS) and Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD). Casing connections are one of the most critical components in thermal wells. Historically, the literature shows that over 80% of reported uphole casing failures experienced in thermal wells occurred at connections. Typical connection failure mechanisms include structural damages, such as parting, thread rupture, and shoulder plasticity, and serviceability damages, such as leakage. One of the critical load conditions causing casing and casing connection failures is the thermal cycle loading, with high peak temperatures typically in excess of 200°C, which can cause the well casing and casing connections to deform plastically.
There are generally three types of connections used in intermediate or production casing of thermal wells: API (American Petroleum Institute) round, API buttress and proprietary premium connections. This paper presents finite element analysis of these three types of casing connections subjected to thermal cycle loading. Based on analysis results, this paper demonstrates that the premium connection, which has a metal-to-metal seal region, is the most suitable of these three connection designs for the use in thermal wells, in terms of structural integrity and sealability. This paper also presents recommendations for casing connection design for successful service in thermal well applications.
EXD Hazardous Area Barrier Glands from Flexicon are manufactured from nickel plated brass with a nylon seal, to an IP rating of IP66, IP67, IP68 (5bar) and IP69K - ATEX certified barrier glands are suitable for use with Flexicon flexible conduit (liquid tight types) in Zone 1, Zone 2, Zone 21 and Zone 22.
EXD flameproof barrier glands are suitable for use in Zone 1, Zone 2, Zone 21 and Zone 22 hazardous areas, when used with the Flexicon range of liquid-tight flexible conduits.
Hazardous Area Barrier Gland (ATEX) Certified
• High mechanical strength
• Suitable for threaded entries
• Operating temperature of -60oC to +85oC
• Two-part epoxy solid-setting putty, gloves and mixing instructions
ATEX barrier glands for indoor or outdoor use in Zone 1, Zone 2, Zone 21 and Zone 22 Hazardous Areas with all types of cables housed in Liquid Tight flexible conduit systems. ATEX barrier glands are suitable for knockouts or threaded entries. Nickel plated brass compression fitting comprising of body, nut, earthing ferrule, nylon compression seal and compound barrier. The compound barrier seals around the cable conductors for hazardous area cable glanding on conduit systems. The earthing ferrule is manufactured in machined nickel plated brass to facilitate easy assembly and re-use. Also ensures high mechanical strength and electrical continuity.
Flexicon flexible conduits with ATEX flameproof barrier glands (LTP-EXD flameproof barrier glands) are suitable for use with Flexicon LTP, LTPHC, LTPUL, LTPSS and LTPPU conduits.
The document provides information on various cable accessories for low voltage cables up to 1 kV, medium voltage cables up to 42 kV, and high voltage cables up to 170 kV. It lists the page numbers for sections on different cable accessories, including joints, terminations, connectors, fittings, insulators, insulation, surge arrestors, switching equipment, and power measurement and control devices. It also provides brief descriptions and product literature references for some highlighted cable accessories.
This document provides product information for Nexans Power Accessories' cold-shrinkable indoor and outdoor cable terminations (ITK, OTK), slip-on indoor terminations (AIN), and associated accessories. It lists the specifications, standards, contents and ordering instructions for termination kits for voltages up to 42kV and cable sizes up to 1000mm2. Installation drawings and diagrams are provided for the different termination types.
Cablofil steel wire cable tray systems are designed for fast and simple installation. Cablofil was introduced in the UK in the 1990s and has since led the steel wire cable tray revolution. As part of Legrand UK's cable management business unit, Cablofil products are supported by experts with in-depth knowledge of cable management solutions. The document provides information on Cablofil's steel wire cable tray products including straight lengths, couplers, fixing components, covers, and accessories.
This document outlines requirements for cathodic protection design and sacrificial anode manufacturing. It provides standards for cathodic protection of submerged installations, design parameters like current densities and electrolyte resistivities, and anode inspection/testing tolerances. The document establishes guidelines for electrical continuity, protection of concrete/mud zone structures, and current drain considerations for wells, anchors, and pipelines. Manufacturing requirements are defined for pre-production testing and insert materials for aluminum and zinc anodes.
This document provides information on low voltage (LV) and medium voltage (MV) cable joints that are resistant to hydrocarbons.
It describes two ranges of joints - LV joints that use Prysmian's low hazard resin and rigid shells, and MV joints that use Prysmian's Elaspeed cold-shrink joint bodies for faster installation. Both LV and MV joints are enclosed in JEM resin and glass reinforced shells to provide excellent resistance to hydrocarbons.
The document provides specifications for various joint models including dimensions, compatible connectors, and cable size ranges for LV straight joints and MV Elaspeed straight joints for 11kV, 33kV applications.
Analysis of Casing Connections Subjected to Thermal Cycle LoadingSIMULIA
Production of heavy oil and bitumen, which is increasing around the world as conventional oil resources are depleted, often uses thermal well technologies such as Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS) and Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD). Casing connections are one of the most critical components in thermal wells. Historically, the literature shows that over 80% of reported uphole casing failures experienced in thermal wells occurred at connections. Typical connection failure mechanisms include structural damages, such as parting, thread rupture, and shoulder plasticity, and serviceability damages, such as leakage. One of the critical load conditions causing casing and casing connection failures is the thermal cycle loading, with high peak temperatures typically in excess of 200°C, which can cause the well casing and casing connections to deform plastically.
There are generally three types of connections used in intermediate or production casing of thermal wells: API (American Petroleum Institute) round, API buttress and proprietary premium connections. This paper presents finite element analysis of these three types of casing connections subjected to thermal cycle loading. Based on analysis results, this paper demonstrates that the premium connection, which has a metal-to-metal seal region, is the most suitable of these three connection designs for the use in thermal wells, in terms of structural integrity and sealability. This paper also presents recommendations for casing connection design for successful service in thermal well applications.
EXD Hazardous Area Barrier Glands from Flexicon are manufactured from nickel plated brass with a nylon seal, to an IP rating of IP66, IP67, IP68 (5bar) and IP69K - ATEX certified barrier glands are suitable for use with Flexicon flexible conduit (liquid tight types) in Zone 1, Zone 2, Zone 21 and Zone 22.
EXD flameproof barrier glands are suitable for use in Zone 1, Zone 2, Zone 21 and Zone 22 hazardous areas, when used with the Flexicon range of liquid-tight flexible conduits.
Hazardous Area Barrier Gland (ATEX) Certified
• High mechanical strength
• Suitable for threaded entries
• Operating temperature of -60oC to +85oC
• Two-part epoxy solid-setting putty, gloves and mixing instructions
ATEX barrier glands for indoor or outdoor use in Zone 1, Zone 2, Zone 21 and Zone 22 Hazardous Areas with all types of cables housed in Liquid Tight flexible conduit systems. ATEX barrier glands are suitable for knockouts or threaded entries. Nickel plated brass compression fitting comprising of body, nut, earthing ferrule, nylon compression seal and compound barrier. The compound barrier seals around the cable conductors for hazardous area cable glanding on conduit systems. The earthing ferrule is manufactured in machined nickel plated brass to facilitate easy assembly and re-use. Also ensures high mechanical strength and electrical continuity.
Flexicon flexible conduits with ATEX flameproof barrier glands (LTP-EXD flameproof barrier glands) are suitable for use with Flexicon LTP, LTPHC, LTPUL, LTPSS and LTPPU conduits.
The document provides information on various cable accessories for low voltage cables up to 1 kV, medium voltage cables up to 42 kV, and high voltage cables up to 170 kV. It lists the page numbers for sections on different cable accessories, including joints, terminations, connectors, fittings, insulators, insulation, surge arrestors, switching equipment, and power measurement and control devices. It also provides brief descriptions and product literature references for some highlighted cable accessories.
This document provides product information for Nexans Power Accessories' cold-shrinkable indoor and outdoor cable terminations (ITK, OTK), slip-on indoor terminations (AIN), and associated accessories. It lists the specifications, standards, contents and ordering instructions for termination kits for voltages up to 42kV and cable sizes up to 1000mm2. Installation drawings and diagrams are provided for the different termination types.
Cablofil steel wire cable tray systems are designed for fast and simple installation. Cablofil was introduced in the UK in the 1990s and has since led the steel wire cable tray revolution. As part of Legrand UK's cable management business unit, Cablofil products are supported by experts with in-depth knowledge of cable management solutions. The document provides information on Cablofil's steel wire cable tray products including straight lengths, couplers, fixing components, covers, and accessories.
This document provides instructions for assembling a cable gland. It includes:
1) An overview of the cable gland components and their assembly order.
2) Detailed steps for preparing the cable and gland, including stripping lengths, spreading the armour, and tightening nuts.
3) Notes on accessories that may be required like shrouds or locknuts.
4) Specifications for the cable gland such as temperature range, certification standards, and cable acceptance sizes.
Cablofil are the world leader in the design and innovation of wire mesh cable basket tray providing the highest quality cable support and containment. Power cable installations require reliable, tested and trusted containment - Cablofil provides strong, fast, safe, clean and ventilated cable containment and support.
The Cablofil Wiremesh Cable Tray concept based upon performance, safety and economy - 3 qualities which make Cablofil Wiremesh Cable Tray system preferred by installers. Cablofil adapts to the most complex cable containment configurations and its structure gives maximum strength for minimum weight. The ease of creating Cablofil fittings, carried out on site, as well as the wide range of unique and universal accessories gives complete freedom in cable routing combined with exceptionally fast installation. See for yourself and don't look back - contact T&D UK for an on-site Cablofil product demo.
Not Just for Data Cables.....Cablofil Contains & Supports Power Cables :
Cablofil cable basket provides low and high voltage power cable containment with excellent short circuit withstand (70kA, 100kA and 130kA fault current ratings) and mechanical loading performance to IEC61537.
Power Generation & Transmission - Cablofil cable basket demonstrates remarkable short circuit withstand for effective containment for low and high voltage (11-33kV) cable networks.
Hazardous Area Installations - Cablofil cable basket withstands degradation and attack caused by aggressive acids, solvents and chemicals providing high level corrosion resistance and containment of power, control and instrumentation cables in the oil, gas and petrochemicals industries.
Plz Join us in Invitation Elecrama exhibition (18 22 jan2020 and new product...Mahesh Chandra Manav
Dear Sir
Wish you a very Happy New Year 2020
We wish to inform you our Customer that we are Participating in Exhibition Date 18th-22nd Jan 2020 Place Expo Center Greater Noida (U.P.)
Plz Click Ling for Registration https://lnkd.in/fQjVx8c
Easy Way to Visit by Metro Rail , Shuttle Service , and use of CAB.
Our Stall in Hall #16 Stall # REP D1
JMV LPS Ltd Always think in direction to offer maximum products in Make in India to the Industries and Follow the Norms set by our Govt Like NBC 2016 , OSID, RDSO,CEA and many more as per Industrial Standards National and International.
Our Main AIM to Offer Product with Technology use for Electrical Installation Safety of Human Lives as per NBC2016 ,IEC and IEEE.
We are in position to answer any queries Related to Earthing as Per IS3043, Grid Earthing as per IEEE80 and Surge and Lightning Protection as per IEC62305.
We are using CDEGS Software for Grid Design and Lightning Protection as Per IEC62305 now in more challenge when Building Segment started adopting Structural Earthing and Down Conductor for LIghtning Through Colom.
We have established First Lab is India for Testing for Lighting and Surge up to 200KA , and High Voltage 550KV as per IEC Norms.
you will find many more once you visit our stall .
Plz Book your pass online and Print Copy to Avoid Que
This document describes LPI's conventional lightning protection system which uses copper tape and components like air terminals, down conductors, and earthing systems. It provides specifications for the system's copper air rods, elevation rods, multiple points, brackets, saddles, bases, tape, and clips. The system is designed according to the rolling sphere method to safely direct lightning strikes via air terminals to the grounding system and protects structures by bonding metal components.
Fm 00064 ams composite standing seam ii panel june, 2009_129236159432863269Shaik Abdulla
This document describes a composite roof system with standing seam panels. The system uses standing seam panels made of coated steel with a minimum slope of 1/4 to 12. It includes rigid insulation, blanket insulation, and a multi-rib liner panel. The panels have a Class 90 wind rating and are installed using clips, sealants, and fasteners. Maintenance is limited to routine tasks and warranties are available for 35 years on materials and 20 years on weather tightness.
This document provides an overview of the content covered in Week 2 of the CSWIP Plant Inspector Level 1 course, including:
1. An introduction to pressure equipment, defining key characteristics like stored energy and factors of safety.
2. Summaries of sections on pressure vessel inspection, outlining the roles of inspectors in verifying integrity, design aspects like corrosion allowance, and code compliance.
3. Details on visual and dimensional examinations performed on pressure vessels, including examination points for vessel exteriors and interiors and dimensional checking procedures.
The document discusses EnvirAnode, an environmentally-focused cathodic protection system. It describes EnvirAnode as using robust anodes embedded in a conductive backfill material that forms a molecularly bonded tertiary system, shifting the ionic reaction boundary and reducing carbon consumption. This results in significantly longer anode life. EnvirAnode also efficiently manages gas byproducts, improving efficiency over traditional systems and allowing the exclusion of vent pipes. Overall, EnvirAnode provides more reliable protection over a longer lifespan at lower total cost of ownership compared to other cathodic protection solutions.
Hawke Cable Glands - 501/453 Universal A M20, 12.5-20.5mm.
Hawke Cable Gland for Hazardous Area Zones 1, 2, 21, 22
ATEX, Flameproof Hawke Glands for Armoured/Braided Cable
Hawke 501/453 universal flameproof cable glands are suitable forsteel wire armoured, steel wire braided and steel tape armoured cables - Hawke 501/453 cable glands are available in brass, nickel plated brass, 316 stainless steel and aluminium and are suitable for hazardous area Zones 1, 2, 21 and 22 installation.
Hawke 501/453 universal cable glands are ATEX certified for Flameproof and Increased Safety applications.
Hawke cable glands 501/453 incorporate innovative features that along with safety, enable fast installation, facilitate inspectability of the cable gland in operable condition and prevent corrosion of the cable wire armour or braid.
Casing is run in wells to seal off different formation layers and pressure zones, control fluid migration, and provide structural support. There are typically four casing types:
1) Conductor casing is near the surface to protect shallow zones.
2) Surface casing isolates freshwater and provides a foundation for wellhead equipment.
3) Intermediate casing seals between pressure zones or problem formations.
4) Production casing isolates the producing reservoir and allows zone-specific extraction. Properly cementing each casing string is important for isolation and containment of fluids.
Industrial & Hazardous Area (ATEX) Plugs
Marechal Distribution Boxes
Marechal Electric - Plugs, Sockets & Decontactors
The Marechal distribution boxes cover a wide range of electrical installations: connecting power outlets and boxes. The Marechal boxes are particularly suited to power supply in tunnels.
Marechal Distribution Box Benefits
Equipment for tunnels
Boxes for distribution, tap-offs, liquefied gas transfer, service and terminals
Marechal Distribution Box Range:
Marechal Express Boxes - Distribution Boxes For Standard Lighting
Marechal Express Fire Boxes - Distribution Boxes For Emergency Lighting
Marechal F400 - Wall Mounting Socket-Outlet For Jet Fans
Marechal BF - Fire Department Boxes
Marechal CD - Distribution Boxes & Socket-Outlets With Protection
Marechal BM - Modular Distribution Boxes
Marechal BG - Box For Liquefied Gas Transfer
Marechal BRP - Portable Service Box
This document provides information on various cable joints, terminations, glands, cleats, feeder pillars, fuse links, and arc flash products. It lists the contact information for Thorne and Derrick UK, including their phone and fax numbers. It then provides details on various heat shrink tubing products, including their specifications, approvals, chemical resistance, shrink ratios, operating temperatures, and availability.
This document provides specifications for cable reeling drums used in steel plants. It outlines three types of cable reeling drums: 1) drums driven by rope drums through chain sprockets or gearboxes, 2) spring loaded reeling drums, and 3) drums driven by torque motors. It specifies design and construction requirements for components like slipring assemblies, drums, cassettes, and limit switches. Site conditions and material standards are also defined. The document aims to achieve standardization of cable reeling drums across steel plants.
Api 650 & 653 questions closed book with answersJasminder singh
This document contains 100 multiple choice practice questions related to API standards 650 and 653 for aboveground storage tanks. The questions cover topics such as welding procedures, inspections, repairs, alterations, testing and qualifications. Correct answers are provided for each question. The purpose of the document is to test knowledge of the requirements and recommendations in API 650 and 653 for ensuring the integrity and safety of aboveground storage tanks.
This document discusses Halliburton's tubing-retrievable subsurface safety valve (TRSSV) technology. It outlines Halliburton's philosophy of prioritizing reliability through rigorous design, verification, and performance testing. It describes the reliability features of Halliburton's TRSSV models for general production, HPHT, and deepwater applications. It also covers specialized applications including slimline valves, cementing-through valves, and low-pressure subsea valves.
T&D are distributors for ABB Kabeldon High Voltage Cable Joints, Cable Terminations and Screened Separable Connectors for high voltage XLPE cable terminating and jointing 11kV, 24kV and 33kV. ABB HV cable connectors are premolded screened separable connectors for terminating and connecting XLPE insulated single or three core cables with copper or aluminium conductors, 11-24kV-33kV, into high voltage switchgear and transformers.
ABB connectors terminate high voltage cables with copper wire and copper tape screens, with or without aluminium (AWA) or steel wire armour (SWA) inot switchgear and transformers.
This document provides information on switch disconnectors and enclosures from Thorne & Derrick UK's i-switch product range. It describes moulded plastic enclosures and deep drawn steel enclosures for housing switchgear rated from 16A to 80A. Safety features like padlocking and an interlock to prevent unauthorized opening are highlighted. Technical specifications and application details are provided for isolator interiors, accessories, and auxiliary contacts. Dimensions and installation guidelines are also included.
The document discusses the impact of the 2008 global financial crisis on India. It had an immediate direct impact through exposure to subprime lending, though this was limited. The bigger indirect impact was through a liquidity squeeze, FII outflows, a credit crunch, and collapsing exports, which significantly slowed economic growth. In the long run, rising instability and tensions from resource conflicts and growing disparities could further impact India geopolitically. The crisis also severely damaged China's export-driven economy and raised risks of instability.
Bonded vs. Grounding discusses definitions changes in the 2008 code relating to bonding and grounding. Specifically, it examines changes to Article 100 which defines grounding as connecting to the earth or another conducting body that serves in place of the earth.
A collection of college words and customsAslam Malik
This document provides an introduction and table of contents for a book titled "A Collection of College Words and Customs" published in 1856. The introduction discusses the origins and revisions made to the book, which compiles unusual words and traditions specific to student life and academics. The table of contents previews entries for words beginning with A, such as abbreviations for academic degrees, terms for students, requirements for admission, and aspects of disciplinary procedures. The document serves to outline the scope and purpose of the full book in examining the linguistic and cultural aspects of the college experience.
The document provides guidance on external corrosion control for buried or submerged pipelines, specifically regarding electrical isolation. It states that pipelines must be electrically isolated from other underground structures unless they are interconnected and cathodically protected as a single unit. Insulating devices can be installed where needed to facilitate corrosion control. Pipelines must also be isolated from metallic casings, with some exceptions. Inspection and testing is needed to ensure adequate isolation. Precautions must be taken if insulating devices are installed in areas with combustible atmospheres. Pipelines near electrical transmission towers also require protection from fault currents or lightning.
This document provides instructions for assembling a cable gland. It includes:
1) An overview of the cable gland components and their assembly order.
2) Detailed steps for preparing the cable and gland, including stripping lengths, spreading the armour, and tightening nuts.
3) Notes on accessories that may be required like shrouds or locknuts.
4) Specifications for the cable gland such as temperature range, certification standards, and cable acceptance sizes.
Cablofil are the world leader in the design and innovation of wire mesh cable basket tray providing the highest quality cable support and containment. Power cable installations require reliable, tested and trusted containment - Cablofil provides strong, fast, safe, clean and ventilated cable containment and support.
The Cablofil Wiremesh Cable Tray concept based upon performance, safety and economy - 3 qualities which make Cablofil Wiremesh Cable Tray system preferred by installers. Cablofil adapts to the most complex cable containment configurations and its structure gives maximum strength for minimum weight. The ease of creating Cablofil fittings, carried out on site, as well as the wide range of unique and universal accessories gives complete freedom in cable routing combined with exceptionally fast installation. See for yourself and don't look back - contact T&D UK for an on-site Cablofil product demo.
Not Just for Data Cables.....Cablofil Contains & Supports Power Cables :
Cablofil cable basket provides low and high voltage power cable containment with excellent short circuit withstand (70kA, 100kA and 130kA fault current ratings) and mechanical loading performance to IEC61537.
Power Generation & Transmission - Cablofil cable basket demonstrates remarkable short circuit withstand for effective containment for low and high voltage (11-33kV) cable networks.
Hazardous Area Installations - Cablofil cable basket withstands degradation and attack caused by aggressive acids, solvents and chemicals providing high level corrosion resistance and containment of power, control and instrumentation cables in the oil, gas and petrochemicals industries.
Plz Join us in Invitation Elecrama exhibition (18 22 jan2020 and new product...Mahesh Chandra Manav
Dear Sir
Wish you a very Happy New Year 2020
We wish to inform you our Customer that we are Participating in Exhibition Date 18th-22nd Jan 2020 Place Expo Center Greater Noida (U.P.)
Plz Click Ling for Registration https://lnkd.in/fQjVx8c
Easy Way to Visit by Metro Rail , Shuttle Service , and use of CAB.
Our Stall in Hall #16 Stall # REP D1
JMV LPS Ltd Always think in direction to offer maximum products in Make in India to the Industries and Follow the Norms set by our Govt Like NBC 2016 , OSID, RDSO,CEA and many more as per Industrial Standards National and International.
Our Main AIM to Offer Product with Technology use for Electrical Installation Safety of Human Lives as per NBC2016 ,IEC and IEEE.
We are in position to answer any queries Related to Earthing as Per IS3043, Grid Earthing as per IEEE80 and Surge and Lightning Protection as per IEC62305.
We are using CDEGS Software for Grid Design and Lightning Protection as Per IEC62305 now in more challenge when Building Segment started adopting Structural Earthing and Down Conductor for LIghtning Through Colom.
We have established First Lab is India for Testing for Lighting and Surge up to 200KA , and High Voltage 550KV as per IEC Norms.
you will find many more once you visit our stall .
Plz Book your pass online and Print Copy to Avoid Que
This document describes LPI's conventional lightning protection system which uses copper tape and components like air terminals, down conductors, and earthing systems. It provides specifications for the system's copper air rods, elevation rods, multiple points, brackets, saddles, bases, tape, and clips. The system is designed according to the rolling sphere method to safely direct lightning strikes via air terminals to the grounding system and protects structures by bonding metal components.
Fm 00064 ams composite standing seam ii panel june, 2009_129236159432863269Shaik Abdulla
This document describes a composite roof system with standing seam panels. The system uses standing seam panels made of coated steel with a minimum slope of 1/4 to 12. It includes rigid insulation, blanket insulation, and a multi-rib liner panel. The panels have a Class 90 wind rating and are installed using clips, sealants, and fasteners. Maintenance is limited to routine tasks and warranties are available for 35 years on materials and 20 years on weather tightness.
This document provides an overview of the content covered in Week 2 of the CSWIP Plant Inspector Level 1 course, including:
1. An introduction to pressure equipment, defining key characteristics like stored energy and factors of safety.
2. Summaries of sections on pressure vessel inspection, outlining the roles of inspectors in verifying integrity, design aspects like corrosion allowance, and code compliance.
3. Details on visual and dimensional examinations performed on pressure vessels, including examination points for vessel exteriors and interiors and dimensional checking procedures.
The document discusses EnvirAnode, an environmentally-focused cathodic protection system. It describes EnvirAnode as using robust anodes embedded in a conductive backfill material that forms a molecularly bonded tertiary system, shifting the ionic reaction boundary and reducing carbon consumption. This results in significantly longer anode life. EnvirAnode also efficiently manages gas byproducts, improving efficiency over traditional systems and allowing the exclusion of vent pipes. Overall, EnvirAnode provides more reliable protection over a longer lifespan at lower total cost of ownership compared to other cathodic protection solutions.
Hawke Cable Glands - 501/453 Universal A M20, 12.5-20.5mm.
Hawke Cable Gland for Hazardous Area Zones 1, 2, 21, 22
ATEX, Flameproof Hawke Glands for Armoured/Braided Cable
Hawke 501/453 universal flameproof cable glands are suitable forsteel wire armoured, steel wire braided and steel tape armoured cables - Hawke 501/453 cable glands are available in brass, nickel plated brass, 316 stainless steel and aluminium and are suitable for hazardous area Zones 1, 2, 21 and 22 installation.
Hawke 501/453 universal cable glands are ATEX certified for Flameproof and Increased Safety applications.
Hawke cable glands 501/453 incorporate innovative features that along with safety, enable fast installation, facilitate inspectability of the cable gland in operable condition and prevent corrosion of the cable wire armour or braid.
Casing is run in wells to seal off different formation layers and pressure zones, control fluid migration, and provide structural support. There are typically four casing types:
1) Conductor casing is near the surface to protect shallow zones.
2) Surface casing isolates freshwater and provides a foundation for wellhead equipment.
3) Intermediate casing seals between pressure zones or problem formations.
4) Production casing isolates the producing reservoir and allows zone-specific extraction. Properly cementing each casing string is important for isolation and containment of fluids.
Industrial & Hazardous Area (ATEX) Plugs
Marechal Distribution Boxes
Marechal Electric - Plugs, Sockets & Decontactors
The Marechal distribution boxes cover a wide range of electrical installations: connecting power outlets and boxes. The Marechal boxes are particularly suited to power supply in tunnels.
Marechal Distribution Box Benefits
Equipment for tunnels
Boxes for distribution, tap-offs, liquefied gas transfer, service and terminals
Marechal Distribution Box Range:
Marechal Express Boxes - Distribution Boxes For Standard Lighting
Marechal Express Fire Boxes - Distribution Boxes For Emergency Lighting
Marechal F400 - Wall Mounting Socket-Outlet For Jet Fans
Marechal BF - Fire Department Boxes
Marechal CD - Distribution Boxes & Socket-Outlets With Protection
Marechal BM - Modular Distribution Boxes
Marechal BG - Box For Liquefied Gas Transfer
Marechal BRP - Portable Service Box
This document provides information on various cable joints, terminations, glands, cleats, feeder pillars, fuse links, and arc flash products. It lists the contact information for Thorne and Derrick UK, including their phone and fax numbers. It then provides details on various heat shrink tubing products, including their specifications, approvals, chemical resistance, shrink ratios, operating temperatures, and availability.
This document provides specifications for cable reeling drums used in steel plants. It outlines three types of cable reeling drums: 1) drums driven by rope drums through chain sprockets or gearboxes, 2) spring loaded reeling drums, and 3) drums driven by torque motors. It specifies design and construction requirements for components like slipring assemblies, drums, cassettes, and limit switches. Site conditions and material standards are also defined. The document aims to achieve standardization of cable reeling drums across steel plants.
Api 650 & 653 questions closed book with answersJasminder singh
This document contains 100 multiple choice practice questions related to API standards 650 and 653 for aboveground storage tanks. The questions cover topics such as welding procedures, inspections, repairs, alterations, testing and qualifications. Correct answers are provided for each question. The purpose of the document is to test knowledge of the requirements and recommendations in API 650 and 653 for ensuring the integrity and safety of aboveground storage tanks.
This document discusses Halliburton's tubing-retrievable subsurface safety valve (TRSSV) technology. It outlines Halliburton's philosophy of prioritizing reliability through rigorous design, verification, and performance testing. It describes the reliability features of Halliburton's TRSSV models for general production, HPHT, and deepwater applications. It also covers specialized applications including slimline valves, cementing-through valves, and low-pressure subsea valves.
T&D are distributors for ABB Kabeldon High Voltage Cable Joints, Cable Terminations and Screened Separable Connectors for high voltage XLPE cable terminating and jointing 11kV, 24kV and 33kV. ABB HV cable connectors are premolded screened separable connectors for terminating and connecting XLPE insulated single or three core cables with copper or aluminium conductors, 11-24kV-33kV, into high voltage switchgear and transformers.
ABB connectors terminate high voltage cables with copper wire and copper tape screens, with or without aluminium (AWA) or steel wire armour (SWA) inot switchgear and transformers.
This document provides information on switch disconnectors and enclosures from Thorne & Derrick UK's i-switch product range. It describes moulded plastic enclosures and deep drawn steel enclosures for housing switchgear rated from 16A to 80A. Safety features like padlocking and an interlock to prevent unauthorized opening are highlighted. Technical specifications and application details are provided for isolator interiors, accessories, and auxiliary contacts. Dimensions and installation guidelines are also included.
The document discusses the impact of the 2008 global financial crisis on India. It had an immediate direct impact through exposure to subprime lending, though this was limited. The bigger indirect impact was through a liquidity squeeze, FII outflows, a credit crunch, and collapsing exports, which significantly slowed economic growth. In the long run, rising instability and tensions from resource conflicts and growing disparities could further impact India geopolitically. The crisis also severely damaged China's export-driven economy and raised risks of instability.
Bonded vs. Grounding discusses definitions changes in the 2008 code relating to bonding and grounding. Specifically, it examines changes to Article 100 which defines grounding as connecting to the earth or another conducting body that serves in place of the earth.
A collection of college words and customsAslam Malik
This document provides an introduction and table of contents for a book titled "A Collection of College Words and Customs" published in 1856. The introduction discusses the origins and revisions made to the book, which compiles unusual words and traditions specific to student life and academics. The table of contents previews entries for words beginning with A, such as abbreviations for academic degrees, terms for students, requirements for admission, and aspects of disciplinary procedures. The document serves to outline the scope and purpose of the full book in examining the linguistic and cultural aspects of the college experience.
The document provides guidance on external corrosion control for buried or submerged pipelines, specifically regarding electrical isolation. It states that pipelines must be electrically isolated from other underground structures unless they are interconnected and cathodically protected as a single unit. Insulating devices can be installed where needed to facilitate corrosion control. Pipelines must also be isolated from metallic casings, with some exceptions. Inspection and testing is needed to ensure adequate isolation. Precautions must be taken if insulating devices are installed in areas with combustible atmospheres. Pipelines near electrical transmission towers also require protection from fault currents or lightning.
Nuria was born in Madrid in 1998. She grew up in Madrid with her family, including her older sister Laura. She has been practicing artistic gymnastics since age 7 and has won championships in Madrid. Her hobbies include spending time with friends, going to the pool, cinema, and dancing.
This document describes a school exchange trip to Germany in 2012, where students visited Freudenstadt, the German school, Baden Baden, and the Black Forest region, including walking around Strasbourg and seeing the European Parliament building. The trip involved traveling to the airport, being welcomed at the German school, sightseeing in various locations, and returning to the school.
Teacher in the class ( What should a teacher do before and while in the class)Aslam Malik
This document provides tips for teachers to effectively manage their classroom and lessons. It recommends that teachers 1) check that all necessary equipment and materials are prepared before class, 2) ensure the classroom environment is conducive to learning by removing distractions, and 3) actively engage with students during the lesson by moving around the class, maintaining interest, asking questions, and correcting mistakes. The tips also cover beginning and ending the lesson properly as well as ensuring orderly student dismissal.
Effective questioning techniques (aslam)Aslam Malik
The document discusses different types of questions teachers can ask students, including yes/no, either/or, and WH questions, and provides examples. It also covers strategies for eliciting short and long answers and different methods for organizing question-answer work in the classroom, noting that strategy B of pausing for students to think before choosing one to answer is generally most effective.
Substation lightning protection and earthing standard(august 2019)Mahesh Chandra Manav
Lightning protection and earthing systems are essential parts of transmission systems that constrain earth potentials and provide protection. They dissipate over voltages from lightning strikes. The document provides detailed design requirements for lightning protection systems, earthing systems, and their components. Key aspects addressed include lightning protection coverage, earthing of equipment, buildings and fences, jointing methods, and testing of joints.
The document provides specifications for the electrical systems in a radiology room, including:
1) Raceway systems will be installed to route wiring for radiology equipment, with floor, wall, and ceiling troughs.
2) Wiring will include high voltage cables for equipment, and grounding conductors.
3) Installation will require coordinating with equipment layout and shielding, and certifications will be provided upon completion.
This document provides guidance on corrosion control requirements for pipelines as outlined in 49 CFR Part 192. It discusses:
1) Operators must establish procedures to implement and maintain corrosion control programs, including cathodic protection. A qualified person must carry out these procedures.
2) Sources for finding qualified corrosion control consultants and technicians are provided, such as corrosion engineers at gas utilities, trade associations, and NACE International.
3) Requirements for pipelines installed after 1971 include proper coating and a cathodic protection system within one year of installation. Records of inspections and tests must be maintained.
The document provides guidance on terminating shielded cable, stripping jacket from shielded cable, grounded and ungrounded shield termination procedures, and pigtail shield termination methods. It also discusses grounding and bonding requirements, including proper bonding jumper installations, corrosion prevention, and creepage distance. The document provides specifications for connectors, splicing, lacing, ties, and proper wiring routing.
01 guidelines for electrical work ace 9632136976Southern Railway
This document provides guidelines for electrical work and installation of cables. It lists various Indian Standards (IS) that must be followed for electrical wiring, fire safety, earthing, equipment, and other electrical work. Guidelines are provided for inspecting, handling, storing, laying, and terminating power and control cables up to 1.1kV. Cables must be laid at minimum depths and clearances depending on the location. Methods of cable laying include direct burial, drawing through ducts, laying on trays/racks in air or inside trenches. Joints must be properly sealed. Testing is to be done before and after laying. Lighting installation guidelines cover office and data center premises, with point wiring details.
The document provides guidelines for selecting, splicing, installing, and protecting open cable ends for resistance-type measuring devices in concrete and masonry dams. It discusses cable specifications, approved splicing methods including vulcanized rubber splices, rubber sleeve covering, and self-bonding tape. It also covers cable and conduit selection, including choosing the proper conduit size based on the number and size of cables to be run. Proper installation techniques are outlined to protect cable runs within concrete structures.
This document provides a list of materials and specifications for an electrical installation project. It includes 14 items with descriptions of materials like service entrance caps, feeder conduit, conductors, emergency circuit breakers, distribution panels, switches and more. Specifications are provided for proper installation and sizing according to standards like the Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) 2017. Total estimated cost is provided for each item and annexes provide additional details for specifications referenced.
2011 12-33kv tech.spec for v c b type- m2-c1-revisedBasudev patra
This document provides the technical specifications for 33kV outdoor type vacuum circuit breakers. Key details include:
- Scope covers design, manufacturing, assembly and testing of 33kV, 1250A, 25kA circuit breakers.
- Circuit breakers must meet Indian and international standards. They will be installed in West Bengal with ambient temperatures up to 50°C.
- Design criteria includes interrupting fault levels of 20kA, continuous current rating of 1250A, and operating duty of 0-0.3 sec-CO-3 min-CO.
This document outlines guidelines for the design, installation, and maintenance of underground petroleum storage tank systems. It discusses factors to consider for tank selection such as material, size, and capacity. It describes best practices for tank location, installation, and testing. For steel tanks, it recommends installation methods like using concrete chambers or saddles for protection and anchoring. For fiberglass tanks, it stresses careful handling and installation according to manufacturer specifications to prevent damage. Overall, the document provides detailed specifications to help ensure underground tank systems are installed safely and leak-free to protect the environment and public safety.
This document provides specifications for the installation and use of armored cable (Type AC), auxiliary gutters, busways, cablebus, and cellular concrete floor raceways.
It defines each product and outlines their permitted and non-permitted uses. For each, it also describes requirements for securing, supporting, conductor size and quantity limits, voltage and ampacity markings, and other installation specifications. The document provides detailed technical standards for safely installing these various wiring methods.
This document provides wiring methods and safety standards for electrical construction. It specifies that (1) medium voltage power cables must be segregated from lower voltage cables, (2) medium voltage cables within production areas must be installed underground, and (3) direct buried cables can be used for off-plot services outside facility boundaries. It also outlines requirements for cable installation, splices and terminations, including proper bending radii, grounding of shields, and using compression fittings or bolted clamps. Safety is the top priority for all electrical work.
This document provides the design calculations for upgrading the cathodic protection system for existing gas pipelines and new LPG pipelines. It determines that a single impressed current system located at Dinh Co would provide adequate protection. The system requires 30 titanium tubular anodes installed in a groundbed with a resistance of 0.5844 ohms. A 45 volt transformer rectifier output would be needed to supply the required 54.32 amp current output to protect over 32,000 square meters of pipeline surface area according to international cathodic protection standards.
This document provides the design calculations and requirements for upgrading the cathodic protection system for an existing gas pipeline and three new LPG product pipelines in Vietnam. An impressed current cathodic protection system using titanium anodes will be installed to supplement the pipeline coatings and provide corrosion control. Soil resistivity measurements along the pipeline route indicate aggressive soil that justifies an effective groundbed for cathodic protection. The design calls for a 30-year life, 30 mA/m2 current density, 95% coating efficiency, and 850mV negative potential criteria. Calculations determine the necessary cathodic protection current, number of anodes, and estimated groundbed resistance at two station locations along the pipelines.
An Example for Borehole Seismology in Marmara SeaAli Osman Öncel
This document discusses best practices for installing downhole geophysical observatories. It describes two main types of permanent downhole monitoring installations: permanently cemented sensors behind casing, and instruments deployed inside casing or open holes using hole-locks or cement to anchor them. The document also discusses deployment systems like cable, coiled tubing, and drill pipe. Maintaining long-term stability and coupling of sensors to measure signals without surface noise is important. A case study of a new downhole observatory installation in Turkey along the North Anatolian Fault Zone is also presented.
This document provides the scope of work for installing fibre between Athene and Duffs Road Station in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It involves three key tasks: 1) replacing broken fibre sections between Athene and Stanger, 2) trenching 1km of fibre from Stanger Comms to join an existing duct, and 3) blowing 65km of fibre between Stanger and Duffs Road Station. The work is expected to take one month to complete and includes fibre installation, testing, and handover to the maintenance team. Detailed planning and risk mitigation measures are outlined to guide the work.
The document discusses cable selection and wiring systems. It describes the components of cables including conductors, insulation, sheathing, armouring, and types. Factors that influence cable sizing are discussed such as current rating, ambient temperature, installation conditions, and protective device rating. The proper method for calculating cable size is outlined in eight steps. Guidelines for selecting the size of conduit and trunking to house cables based on cable and conduit/trunking factors are also provided.
This document provides standards for mechanical design including piping systems, valves, pumps, and HVAC systems. It addresses general requirements for piping including pipe materials and sizes, supports, labeling, and corrosion protection. Process piping requirements include minimum pipe sizes, expansion joints, and sample taps. Chemical piping shall not be buried and be routed to prevent leaks from damaging other systems. Building service piping includes floor drains, sumps, and hose faucets for washdown.
Specification for electrical automation and instrumentation 02Sajeewa Lakmal
The document provides technical specifications for electrical, SCADA and instrumentation systems for a waste water treatment plant project. It lists applicable standards from organizations like the British Standards Institution and Sri Lanka Standards Institution. It outlines general requirements for electrical enclosures, including that they must comply with relevant IEC product standards. It specifies construction details for free-standing and wall-mounted enclosures, such as materials, finishes, doors and seals. It also provides requirements for draw-out compartments, accessories, and seismic certification of the enclosure system.
This document describes the cathodic protection system for a 302 km natural gas pipeline running from Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh to Phulpur, Uttar Pradesh. It will utilize an impressed current cathodic protection system with 9 stations along the route providing protection. Temporary cathodic protection using sacrificial anodes will be provided during construction, then a permanent impressed current system will be installed utilizing remote monitoring via SCADA.
1. Cathodic protection is used to prevent corrosion of oil well casings by making them negatively charged with respect to the surrounding soil. This protects exposed areas of the casing from corrosion.
2. Oil well casings differ from pipelines in that they are vertical, potentials can only be measured at the top, and connections are threaded instead of welded. Soil properties also vary with depth.
3. Cathodic protection only protects external surfaces in contact with the soil and does not protect internal surfaces of the casing or downhole equipment.
GasTite Advanced Flash Shield is a product designed to protect workers from flash fires and explosions during gas line work. It uses a flexible shield made of flame-resistant materials to create a barrier between the worker and any potential flash, directing any flames or explosions away from the worker. The shield is lightweight and portable to allow workers mobility during installation and repair of gas lines.
The document is an answer to a previous code question regarding bonding of gas piping systems. It summarizes that underground gas piping systems cannot be used as grounding electrodes according to NEC code. Gas utilities typically isolate underground gas piping from above-ground portions using dielectric fittings to prevent using the piping as a neutral conductor. While bonding of above-ground metal gas piping is required, informational note 1 regarding bonding all piping providing additional safety is not a mandatory code requirement.
A gas pipe was found to be acting as both a grounding electrode and carrying parallel current intended for the neutral conductor in a home's electrical system. The pipe had become electrically charged due to a defective connection to the neutral conductor in the main electrical panel. This created a safety hazard, as anyone touching both the pipe and an ungrounded appliance could potentially receive an electric shock. The solution was to disconnect the gas pipe from the electrical system and ensure proper grounding and bonding of system components.
Bonding is the practice of electrically connecting all exposed metal parts of electrical equipment together to reduce voltage differences that can cause shock or fire hazards. It involves connecting equipment enclosures, frames of devices like outlets and switches, metal piping, and other metal objects to the electrical grounding system. Proper bonding helps ensure that faults in wiring or equipment will cause circuit protection to quickly operate by providing a low-resistance path for fault currents.
The clamp is placed around the meter's base just above the meter. It should fit snugly and not be loose. Make sure the clamp's locking mechanism is fully engaged to properly secure the meter.
This is a 2 page document. The summary is unable to provide any meaningful information as the document contains no text, only page numbers. More context would be needed to generate an informative summary.
The outside gas meter has a bonding wire attached to it. This bonding wire grounds the gas meter to the electrical system grounding. Properly bonding gas meters helps prevent gas leaks, fires, and explosions that could result from stray electrical currents or lightning strikes on underground gas lines.
The document discusses an IRC commentary bonding diagram. It appears to relate to construction codes and regulations regarding bonding of electrical systems. The diagram likely shows the required bonding connections between various metal components in a building according to IRC commentary guidelines.
A gas pipe was mistakenly used as an equipment ground at a commercial building. The National Electrical Code requires that gas piping not be used for grounding electrical equipment. Using a gas pipe for grounding can corrode the pipe and potentially lead to a gas leak or explosion. Proper grounding helps ensure safety and prevents hazardous electrical shocks.
The International Fuel Gas Code establishes minimum regulations for fuel gas systems and gas-fired appliances that are installed and utilized within buildings. It provides requirements that aim to protect public health, safety and welfare insofar as they are affected by the design, installation, and inspection of fuel gas piping and equipment. The code also regulates gas utilization equipment and related accessories as installed and utilized within individual structures.
This gas meter features a dielectric union to electrically isolate the gas line from the meter body. Dielectric unions help prevent corrosion by ensuring there is no direct electrical connection between the piping and meter. The union uses non-conductive material to separate the line and meter electrically while still allowing gas to flow through.
1. GPTC GUIDE FOR GAS TRANSMISSION AND §192.465
DISTRIBUTION PIPING SYSTEMS: 2009 Edition SUBPART I
(6) Cracks in gouges.
(7) Coating defects.
(b) No individual in-line inspection tool is universally applicable for the identification, measurement,
and assessment of every type of anomaly. Tool selection and performance may be dependent
upon the following parameters.
(1) Type and size of anomalies to be detected.
(2) Desired data resolution and sizing accuracy of anomalies.
(3) Length of pipe to be inspected.
(4) Ability to couple tool to pipe wall.
(5) Desired tool speed.
(6) Physical condition of the pipeline.
(i) Internal cleanliness.
(ii) Pipe wall deformations.
(iii) Change in pipe wall or grade.
10.4 Reference.
See guide material under §192.150.
§192.467
External corrosion control: Electrical isolation.
[Effective Date: 09/05/78]
(a) Each buried or submerged pipeline must be electrically isolated from other underground
metallic structures, unless the pipeline and the other structures are electrically interconnected and
cathodically protected as a single unit.
(b) One or more insulating devices must be installed where electrical isolation of a portion of a
pipeline is necessary to facilitate the application of corrosion control.
(c) Except for unprotected copper inserted in ferrous pipe, each pipeline must be electrically
isolated from metallic casings that are a part of the underground system. However, if isolation is not
achieved because it is impractical, other measures must be taken to minimize corrosion of the
pipeline inside the casing.
(d) Inspection and electrical tests must be made to assure that electrical isolation is adequate.
(e) An insulating device may not be installed in an area where a combustible atmosphere is
anticipated unless precautions are taken to prevent arcing.
(f) Where a pipeline is located in close proximity to electrical transmission tower footings,
ground cables or counterpoise, or in other areas where fault currents or unusual risk of lightning
may be anticipated, it must be provided with protection against damage due to fault currents or
lightning, and protective measures must also be taken at insulating devices.
[Issued by Amdt. 192-4, 36 FR 12297, June 30, 1971; Amdt. 192-33, 43 FR 39389, Sept. 5, 1978]
GUIDE MATERIAL
1 ELECTRICAL ISOLATION (§192.467(a), (b), and (c))
1.1 Insulating devices. (§192.467(a) and (b))
Insulating devices may consist of insulating flange assemblies (see guide material under §192.147),
unions or couplings, or fabricated insulating joints. These devices should be properly rated for
temperature, pressure, and dielectric strength. Typical locations where electrical insulating devices
should be considered include the following.
Addendum 5, November 2010 181
2. GPTC GUIDE FOR GAS TRANSMISSION AND §192.467
DISTRIBUTION PIPING SYSTEMS: 2009 Edition SUBPART I
(a) At supporting pipe stanchions, bridge structures, tunnel enclosures, piling, and reinforced concrete
foundations where electrical contact would preclude effective cathodic protection (CP). It may be
necessary to electrically isolate the piping from such a structure, or the piping and structure from
adjacent underground piping.
(b) At metallic curb boxes and valve enclosures. These should be designed, fabricated and installed in
such a manner that electrical isolation from the piping system will be maintained.
(c) Where a pipe enters a building through a metallic wall sleeve and where it is intended to maintain
electrical isolation between the sleeve and the pipe. To accomplish this, insulating spacers should
be used.
(d) At river weights, pipeline anchors, and metallic reinforcement in weight coatings. These should be
electrically isolated from the carrier pipe and installed so that coating damage will not occur.
(e) Points at which facilities change ownership, such as meter stations and well heads.
(f) Connections to main line piping systems such as gathering or distribution system laterals.
(g) Inlet and outlet piping of inline measuring or pressure regulating stations or both.
(h) Compressor or pumping stations, either in the suction and discharge piping or in the main line
immediately upstream and downstream of the station.
(i) In stray current areas.
(j) At the termination of service line connections and entrance piping to prevent electrical continuity with
other metallic systems.
1.2 Casings. (§192.467(c))
(a) New installations.
(1) Spacers and sealing. All new construction of cased metallic pipelines should provide for the
installation of insulating type casing spacers or other suitable means to prevent physical contact
between the carrier pipe and casing. The ends of the casing may be sealed with a
non-conductive sealing method to prevent mud, silt, and water from entering the annular space
between the casing and the carrier pipe. It may be necessary to fill this annular space with a
non-conductive type casing filler to ensure continued isolation in those installations where end
seals alone may not be sufficient to resist the entrance of water.
(2) Joining. Lengths of casing should be joined by a full weld, or other type of joint that will provide
an adequate seal against water entrance. Any holes in the casing should be closed by welding,
or otherwise sealed.
(3) Insertion. Care should be taken during installation to reduce the possibility of electrical shorts.
The carrier pipe should be as straight as practical. The internal diameter of the casing should be
adequate to ensure physical clearance from the carrier pipe. The carrier pipe should be carefully
inspected and all coating damage repaired. Care should be taken during insertion of the carrier
pipe. To prevent damage to the coating and spacer, the casing should be clear of any mud,
water, or debris prior to insertion of the carrier pipe. When existing buried pipe is being used as
the casing, steps should be taken to ensure that the casing pipe is free of weld protrusions and
other obstructions that might cause jamming of the carrier pipe during insertion.
Where insulating type casing spacers are used, one should be installed as close as practical to
each end of the casing. Vent connections, when required, should be installed prior to the
insertion of the carrier pipe to preclude the possibility of damage to the carrier pipe.
(b) Existing installations.
Where there is an indication on existing installations that corrosion is occurring on the carrier pipe or
where a CP installation is rendered inadequate as a result of low resistance between the casing and
carrier pipe, practical measures to help ensure adequate corrosion protection on the pipeline may
consist of one or more of the following.
(1) Filling the annular space between the carrier pipe and casing with a non-conductive filler.
(2) Applying additional CP to the pipe.
(3) In some cases where the carrier pipe is electrically shorted to the casing, it may be practical to
expose the ends of the casing and physically realign the carrier pipe to give enough clearance
for inserting electric insulating material in sheet form between the casing and carrier pipe. The
feasibility of safely moving the carrier pipe to clear a short should be determined prior to
performing the work. See 4 of the guide material under §192.703.
Addendum 5, November 2010 182
3. GPTC GUIDE FOR GAS TRANSMISSION AND §192.467
DISTRIBUTION PIPING SYSTEMS: 2009 Edition SUBPART I
2 INSPECTION AND TESTING (§192.467(d))
The required monitoring of CP systems and the evaluation of such test data is generally sufficient to
ensure that electrical isolation is adequate on cathodically protected piping. However, specific electrical
tests on insulating devices should be made where deemed necessary to ensure the adequacy of
electrical isolation and to pinpoint operational problems on CP systems.
3 COMBUSTIBLE ATMOSPHERE (§192.467(e))
(a) Precautions to prevent arcing may be taken by installing galvanic anode type grounding cells or
commercial lightning or fault arrestors across the insulating devices.
(b) Where lightning arrestors are installed across insulating devices within a building or other confined
space anticipated to have a combustible atmosphere, the physical installation of the lightning
arrestors should be made outside the confined space. Electrical conductors of adequate size
should be installed from the insulating point to the lightning arrestors.
4 PROTECTION OF INSULATING DEVICES (§192.467(f))
It is recommended that the operator make a study in collaboration with the electric company on the
common problems of corrosion and electrolysis, taking into consideration the following factors.
(a) The possibility of the pipeline carrying either unbalanced line currents or fault currents.
(b) The possibility of lightning or fault currents inducing voltages sufficient to puncture pipe coatings or
pipe.
(c) CP of the pipeline, including the location of ground beds. (This is particularly important if the electric
line is carried on steel towers.)
(d) Bonding connections that exist between the pipeline and the overhead electric system at the
following.
(1) The steel tower footing;
(2) The buried grounding facility; or
(3) The ground wire.
(e) Protection of insulating joints in the pipeline against induced voltages or currents resulting from
lightning strikes. This can be obtained by:
(1) Connecting buried sacrificial anodes to the pipe near the insulating joints;
(2) Bridging the pipeline insulator with a spark-gap; or
(3) Other effective means.
(f) Cable connections from insulating devices to lightning and fault current arrestors should be short,
direct, and of a size suitable for short-term, high current loading.
(g) The electrical properties of nonwelded joints. (Where the objective is to ensure electrical continuity,
it may be achieved by using fittings manufactured for this purpose or by bonding the mechanical
joints in an approved manner. Conversely, if an insulating joint is required, a device manufactured
to perform this function should be used. In either case, these fittings should be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.)
5 REFERENCES
(a) NACE RP0177, "Mitigation of Alternating Current and Lightning Effects on Metallic Structures and
Corrosion Control Systems."
(b) NACE RP0200, "Steel-Cased Pipeline Practices."
183