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1. Animal Feeds
Objective 7.01: Classify animal
feeds

2. Nutritional Information
 Nutrient
– Chemical element or compound that aids in the
support of life.
– Different kinds of nutrients are needed by
animals
– Nutrient requirements vary by species, age,
production level
– Nutrients must be balanced in order to provide
the most benefits to the animal
 Ration
– The amount and kind of feed given to an
animal on a daily basis

3. What are some fad
diets?

4. Nutrients
 There are 5 categories of nutrients that
an animals body needs in order to
survive.
 By utilizing each of the categories in
moderation or based on animal
specifics (production stage, age, etc)
we can produce highly advantageous
animals (higher producing, shiny fur,
etc).

5. 5 Classifications of
Nutrients
 Energy Nutrients (Carbohydrates, fats,
and oils)
 Protein
 Vitamins
 Minerals
 Water

6. Nutritional Information
 Roughages
– High in Fiber
– Forage Crops
 Silage
 Hay
 Pasture
Grass

7. Nutritional Information
 Concentrates
– High in Nutrient Value
– Grains
 Corn
 Barley
 Wheat

8. Nutritional Value
 Total Digestible Nutrients
Concentrates are high in TDN
Roughages are low in TDN

9. Nutritional Information
 Smaller producers will used
commercially bagged feed ration.
 Larger producers will make their own
feed rations.
– A ration should fit the amounts and kinds
of nutrients needed based on the status
of the animal.

10. Functions of a Ration
 Maintenance
 Growth
 Production
 Reproduction
 Fattening
 Work

12. GROUPS OF NUTRIENTS

13. Carbohydrates
 Composed of sugar, starches,
cellulose and lignin
 Provide energy and heat
 Make up the largest quantity of
livestock feed
– Carbon
– Hydrogen
– Oxygen

14. Fats and Oils
 2.25 times the energy value of
carbohydrates
 At body temperature fat are solids and
oils are liquid
– Example: cooking lard
 Extra carbohydrates are stored as fats
– Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
 Carriers fat-soluble vitamins

15. Proteins
 Major component of muscles, tissues,
as well as horns, hooves, hair, internal
organs and skin.
 Made up of amino acids
 Continuously needed to replace dying
body cells
 Young animals need large amounts for
growth

16. Vitamins
 Needed in small quantities
 Helps regulate body functions
 Designated by letters
– A,B,C,D,E,K
 Sources:
– Naturally found in feed
– Feed additives made from animal by-
products
– Made by the body itself

17. Vitamins
 Trace organic compounds – needed in small amounts
only
 Two groups:
– Fat Soluble: A, D, E, and K
 Help with healthy eyes, conception rate, and
disease resistance
– Water Soluble: C and B-Complex
 Helps with teeth and bone formation, increased
energy, increased appetite, growth, and
reproduction
Sources of Vitamins: Green leafy hay, milk, cod
liver oil, fish soluble, certain animal proteins

18. Minerals
 Needed in small amounts
– Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, etc.
 Regulates body functions
 Provide growth for:
– Bone
– Teeth
– Tissue
 Example: calcium is needed in poultry for
eggshell development

19. Minerals
 Inorganic materials needed in trace
amounts
– Provide for bone growth, teeth, and
tissue, aid in muscular activities, repair of
body tissue, digestion of feed, other body
processes, immunity to diseases
 Sources: Mineral blocks or milled into feeds
 Two types
– Macro minerals – Needed in larger amounts
• Sodium, chlorine, calcium, phosphorus
– Micro minerals – Needed in smaller amounts
• Iron, iodine, sulfur, magnesium, iodine, copper,
cobalt, zinc, boron, manganese, selenium, and
fluorine

20. Water
 Makes up 40% to
80% of the animals
body
 Controls
temperature
 Dissolves
nutrients
 Acts as a carrier
in blood for
nutrients
 Certain chemical
reactions in the
body

21. Sources of Nutrients
 Carbohydrates
– Cereal grains
 corn
 wheat
 oats
 rye
 barley
 sorghum

22. Sources of Nutrients
 Proteins
– Plant sources
 Soybean meal
 Cottonseed meal
 Alfalfa meal
– Animal sources
 Meat meal
 Fishmeal
 Dried milk
 Synthetic nitrogen source called urea

23. Sources of Nutrients
 Fats and Oils
– Grains and protein concentrates
 Vitamins and Minerals
– Most feed ingredients
– Supplements
 Pre-mixes
 Mineral blocks

24. Sources of Nutrients
 Other sources and exceptions:
– Alfalfa (roughage) can be used to provide
energy and fiber
– Molasses
 Improve taste (palatability)
 Reduce feed dust

25. Feedstuffs in Livestock Nutrition
5 Types of Feed (8pts each)
5 types of Feed Processing (4pts each)
Pictures (2pts each, at least one/slide)
Neatness (not cluttered 10pts)
Completeness (10 pts)
Student Instructions:
1.Create a presentation on the different types of feed we provide to animals.
2.You will create a PowerPoint slide for each of the following categories of feed.
3.Provide 1-2 pictures of each category and examples of feeds that provide the
nutrient category.
4.Use the following website to gather your info:
5.http://www.ca.uky.edu/agripedia/agmania/FEEDID/INDEX.asp
1.Roughages
2.Proteins Feeds
3.Concentrates aka High Energy Feed
4.Vitamins & Minerals
5.Water
6.Using the same website, create 1 slide that summarizes 5 different ways feed is
processed.
Rubric