Animal Endocrinology - Postgraduate -Ph.D. Students- Lecture -1-Associate Prof. Dr. Salwan M. Abdulateef - University of Anbar - College of Agriculture

2. Are ductless glands of the endocrine system that secrete their
products, hormones, directly into the blood. The major glands
of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary
gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid
gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus
and pituitary glands are neuroendocrine organs.
What are the Endocrine Glands?

4. What is the hormone?
Hormones are chemical messengers that are
secreted directly into the blood, which carries
them to organs and tissues of the body to exert
their functions. There are many types of
hormones that act on different aspects of bodily
functions and processes.

5. Hormone properties:
Increase the activity of interactions in the cell

6. Hormone properties:
Do not excrete at constant rates

7. Hormone properties:
It is constantly lost from the body through excretion or co
nverted into less active compounds

8. Chemical Structure of Hormones
Three Main Groups
1- Peptide and Protein Hormones

9. Chemical Structure of Hormones
Three Main Groups
2- Amino Acid Derivatives

10. Chemical Structure of Hormones
Three Main Groups
3- Steroid Hormones

11. Regulatory Chemical Messengers
Hormones

12. Regulatory Chemical Messengers
Neurohormones -- Neurosecretory Cell

13. Regulatory Chemical Messengers
Neurotransmitters

15. Regulatory Chemical Messengers
Pheromones

17. Regulatory Chemical Messengers
Releaser & Signals Pheromones
Short-Term Changes ---- Lordosis Behavior

18. Regulatory Chemical Messengers
Primer Pheromones
Longer-Term Changes

19. Allomone –Kairomone --Synomone
Allomone Kairomone

21. Regulatory Chemical Messengers
Parahormones