AngularJS is a JavaScript MVC framework developed by Google for building dynamic web applications. It aims to solve issues with traditional HTML by allowing developers to build user interfaces declaratively using templates. Key features include two-way data binding, directives for extending HTML, MVC architecture, dependency injection, and testing capabilities. The document provides examples of using AngularJS for data binding, controllers, routing between views, and loading data from an external API using services. It also lists some advanced concepts like modularity, digesting, and end-to-end testing.