First, I would like to thank the conference organizers for inviting me to speak on a subject so critical for global economies and the quality infrastructure community.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE POLICY ADVOCACY IN THE AGE OF GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS BY BOUR...Bouraïma Sawadogo
My final project is a two pages word document made as International trade policy advocacy in the age of Global value Chains. The focus is put on policies that facilitate an increased participation of developing countries and also highlighting Burkina Faso national trade policy to a better participation in Cotton Value Chain.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE POLICY ADVOCACY IN THE AGE OF GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS BY BOUR...Bouraïma Sawadogo
My final project is a two pages word document made as International trade policy advocacy in the age of Global value Chains. The focus is put on policies that facilitate an increased participation of developing countries and also highlighting Burkina Faso national trade policy to a better participation in Cotton Value Chain.
Presentation about Wallonia's experience in evaluating cluster policy, in the framework of the US-UE cluster workshop held in Boston and Washington in November (17th-19th) 2015.
This is a demo version of Williams & Marshall Strategy's report on the polycarbonates market in the European Union. The report presents a strategic analysis of the polycarbonates market in the region and a forecast for its development in the medium term. It provides a comprehensive overview of the market, its dynamics, structure, characteristics, main players, growth and demand drivers, etc. This is the most detailed and comprehensive report about the polycarbonates market in the European Union currently available!
Trade agreements and marketing strategiesAinsley Brown
1. What are trade agreements?
2. Why are they important?
3. How are they connected to supply chain management?
4. Trade agreements in the Jamaican context
5. Trade agreement tools
introduction to export marketing
features of Export Marketing;
Importance of Exports for a Nation and a Firm;
Factors influencing Export Marketing;
Problems of India’s Export Sector
This is a demo version of Williams & Marshall Strategy's report on the polycarbonates market in the Benelux countries. The report presents a strategic analysis of the polycarbonates market in the region and a forecast for its development in the medium term. It provides a comprehensive overview of the market, its dynamics, structure, characteristics, main players, growth and demand drivers, etc. This is the most detailed and comprehensive report about the polycarbonates market in the Benelux countries currently available!
Presentation by Karen Hill and Daniel Ivarsson, SIGMA, at the SIGMA regional conference on public procurement, which took place in Beirut on 2-3 June 2015. Also available in Arabic and French.
This is a demo version of Williams & Marshall Strategy's report on the polycarbonates market in Europe. The report presents a strategic analysis of the polycarbonates market in the region and a forecast for its development in the medium term. It provides a comprehensive overview of the market, its dynamics, structure, characteristics, main players, growth and demand drivers, etc. This is the most detailed and comprehensive report about the polycarbonates market in Europe currently available!
This presentation by María Sobrino Ruiz & Raquel Tárrega, Market Studies Unit, CNMC Spain ; was made during the Workshop on market studies selection and prioritisation of sectors and industries held on 9 March 2017 at the OECD Headquarters. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/market-studies-workshop-on-selection-prioritisation-of-sectors-industries.htm
This is a demo version of Williams & Marshall Strategy's report on the polycarbonates market in the Scandinavian countries. The report presents a strategic analysis of the polycarbonates market in the region and a forecast for its development in the medium term. It provides a comprehensive overview of the market, its dynamics, structure, characteristics, main players, growth and demand drivers, etc. This is the most detailed and comprehensive report about the polycarbonates market in the Scandinavian countries currently available!
This is a demo version of Williams & Marshall Strategy's report on the low density polyethylene market in the Benelux countries. The report presents a strategic analysis of the low density polyethylene market in the region and a forecast for its development in the medium term. It provides a comprehensive overview of the market, its dynamics, structure, characteristics, main players, growth and demand drivers, etc. This is the most detailed and comprehensive report about the low density polyethylene market in the Benelux countries currently available!
An Organization Should Approach All Tasks With The Idea That They Can Be Accomplished In A Superior Fashion
An organization capability refers to the way systems and people in the organization work together to get things done. The way leaders foster shared mindsets, orchestrate talent, encourage speed of change, collaborate across boundaries, and learn and hold each other accountable define the company's culture and leadership edge.
The firm’s ability to manage people
to gain competitive advantage.
• focuses on internal processes and systems for meeting customer needs
• creates organization-specific competencies that provide competitive advantage since they are unique
• ensures that employee skills and efforts are directed toward achieving organizational goals and strategies
A document issued by a recognized agency, and dealing with design and safety requirements relating to a specific product.
EXAMPLES
The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (051-IA) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
OSHA standards are generally legally binding for an employer,
while ANSI standards are generally of an advisory nature. set industry standards with input from industry representatives and consumers.
“ Value Chain Analysis (VCA) is a process where a firm identifies its primary and support activities that add to its final product and then analysis to reduce costs or increase differentiation.”
“ Value Chain represents the internal activities a firm engages in when transforming inputs into outputs.”
Organizational Appraisal is the process of monitoring an organization’s internal environment to identify strengths and weaknesses that may influence the firms ability to achieve GOALS. It include identifying strengths and weaknesses.
A document issued by a recognized agency, and dealing with design and safety requirements relating to a specific product.
EXAMPLES
The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (051-IA) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
OSHA standards are generally legally binding for an employer,
while ANSI standards are generally of an advisory nature. set industry standards with input from industry representatives and consumers.
A measurement of the quality
of an organization's policies, products, programs, strategies, etc., and their comparison with standard measurements, or similar measurements of its peers.
Presentation about Wallonia's experience in evaluating cluster policy, in the framework of the US-UE cluster workshop held in Boston and Washington in November (17th-19th) 2015.
This is a demo version of Williams & Marshall Strategy's report on the polycarbonates market in the European Union. The report presents a strategic analysis of the polycarbonates market in the region and a forecast for its development in the medium term. It provides a comprehensive overview of the market, its dynamics, structure, characteristics, main players, growth and demand drivers, etc. This is the most detailed and comprehensive report about the polycarbonates market in the European Union currently available!
Trade agreements and marketing strategiesAinsley Brown
1. What are trade agreements?
2. Why are they important?
3. How are they connected to supply chain management?
4. Trade agreements in the Jamaican context
5. Trade agreement tools
introduction to export marketing
features of Export Marketing;
Importance of Exports for a Nation and a Firm;
Factors influencing Export Marketing;
Problems of India’s Export Sector
This is a demo version of Williams & Marshall Strategy's report on the polycarbonates market in the Benelux countries. The report presents a strategic analysis of the polycarbonates market in the region and a forecast for its development in the medium term. It provides a comprehensive overview of the market, its dynamics, structure, characteristics, main players, growth and demand drivers, etc. This is the most detailed and comprehensive report about the polycarbonates market in the Benelux countries currently available!
Presentation by Karen Hill and Daniel Ivarsson, SIGMA, at the SIGMA regional conference on public procurement, which took place in Beirut on 2-3 June 2015. Also available in Arabic and French.
This is a demo version of Williams & Marshall Strategy's report on the polycarbonates market in Europe. The report presents a strategic analysis of the polycarbonates market in the region and a forecast for its development in the medium term. It provides a comprehensive overview of the market, its dynamics, structure, characteristics, main players, growth and demand drivers, etc. This is the most detailed and comprehensive report about the polycarbonates market in Europe currently available!
This presentation by María Sobrino Ruiz & Raquel Tárrega, Market Studies Unit, CNMC Spain ; was made during the Workshop on market studies selection and prioritisation of sectors and industries held on 9 March 2017 at the OECD Headquarters. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/market-studies-workshop-on-selection-prioritisation-of-sectors-industries.htm
This is a demo version of Williams & Marshall Strategy's report on the polycarbonates market in the Scandinavian countries. The report presents a strategic analysis of the polycarbonates market in the region and a forecast for its development in the medium term. It provides a comprehensive overview of the market, its dynamics, structure, characteristics, main players, growth and demand drivers, etc. This is the most detailed and comprehensive report about the polycarbonates market in the Scandinavian countries currently available!
This is a demo version of Williams & Marshall Strategy's report on the low density polyethylene market in the Benelux countries. The report presents a strategic analysis of the low density polyethylene market in the region and a forecast for its development in the medium term. It provides a comprehensive overview of the market, its dynamics, structure, characteristics, main players, growth and demand drivers, etc. This is the most detailed and comprehensive report about the low density polyethylene market in the Benelux countries currently available!
An Organization Should Approach All Tasks With The Idea That They Can Be Accomplished In A Superior Fashion
An organization capability refers to the way systems and people in the organization work together to get things done. The way leaders foster shared mindsets, orchestrate talent, encourage speed of change, collaborate across boundaries, and learn and hold each other accountable define the company's culture and leadership edge.
The firm’s ability to manage people
to gain competitive advantage.
• focuses on internal processes and systems for meeting customer needs
• creates organization-specific competencies that provide competitive advantage since they are unique
• ensures that employee skills and efforts are directed toward achieving organizational goals and strategies
A document issued by a recognized agency, and dealing with design and safety requirements relating to a specific product.
EXAMPLES
The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (051-IA) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
OSHA standards are generally legally binding for an employer,
while ANSI standards are generally of an advisory nature. set industry standards with input from industry representatives and consumers.
“ Value Chain Analysis (VCA) is a process where a firm identifies its primary and support activities that add to its final product and then analysis to reduce costs or increase differentiation.”
“ Value Chain represents the internal activities a firm engages in when transforming inputs into outputs.”
Organizational Appraisal is the process of monitoring an organization’s internal environment to identify strengths and weaknesses that may influence the firms ability to achieve GOALS. It include identifying strengths and weaknesses.
A document issued by a recognized agency, and dealing with design and safety requirements relating to a specific product.
EXAMPLES
The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (051-IA) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
OSHA standards are generally legally binding for an employer,
while ANSI standards are generally of an advisory nature. set industry standards with input from industry representatives and consumers.
A measurement of the quality
of an organization's policies, products, programs, strategies, etc., and their comparison with standard measurements, or similar measurements of its peers.
Over the past several decades, manufacturing has gone through many profound changes. Globalization has resulted in a widely dispersed supply chain, opened up many new markets, introduced a new body of regulations, and greatly intensified competition. Customers today are more knowledgeable about their options, and more demanding of the companies they work with. They’re looking for high quality, delivery as promised, and lightning-fast responsiveness. Technology–automation, robotics, mass customization, 3D printing, the Internet of Things–is altering the production process in many ways.
Today, manufacturing has to move fast. Products become more rapidly obsolescent, and with shorter product lifecycles, manufacturers are less forgiving of hiccups in their supply and distribution chains. Factor in cyclical swings and slowdowns, and the picture becomes even more complex and challenging.
ICC has set out five recommendations to modernize the regulatory and competition framework that would provide protection for consumers while fostering competition, investment and innovation.
Presentation by Nick Malyshev, Head, Regulatory Policy Division, OECD, at the II Competition and Regulation Forum: “Reaching for market efficiency” which took place in Mexico on 9-10 January 2018. Further information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
Exploring Abhay Bhutada’s Views After Poonawalla Fincorp’s Collaboration With...beulahfernandes8
The financial landscape in India has witnessed a significant development with the recent collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank.
The launch of the co-branded credit card, the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, marks a major milestone for both entities.
This strategic move aims to redefine and elevate the banking experience for customers.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
1. The Importance of Adopting International Standards for Economic Development
Esteemed colleagues,
First,I wouldlike to thank the conference organizers forinvitingme to speakon a subjectso
critical for global economies and the quality infrastructure community.
Itiscommonlyunderstood andadmitted thatcurrentlywe are livinginaglobalized,diversified
worldwithstrong interrelationships,interactions andlinks that have the potential togreatly
affect economies on a worldwide scale.
Today’s companies are facing fundamental changes in the way they do business. Strategies
and business practices are continuously being evaluated to determine how to maintainand
increase market share, reduce costs, increase productivity and safety, and achieve and
maintain a competitive edge.
In a modernworldwithrapidlygrowinginternational trade,competitionislessbasedonthe
availabilityof natural resources,geographical advantages,andlowerlaborcostsandmore on
factors relatedtocompanies’abilitytopenetrate andcompete innew markets.One of these
factors is the ability to demonstrate the quality and safety of goods and services as well as
compliance withinternationalstandardsintargetmarkets.Consumersare the ultimate judges
of the quality of goods and services, so products need to comply with specifications that
buyersset,andtheyneedtobe provennot harmful to human health and the environment.
To thisrespect,nowadays,itiswidelyacceptedthatinternational standardsfostereconomic
growthanddevelopment.The impactof the adoptionof internationalstandardsoneconomic
developmentbecomesprominentconsidering the outcomesof numerousstudiesconducted
by global organizations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), the United Nations
Industrial DevelopmentOrganization (UNIDO),the UnitedNationsEconomicCommissionfor
Europe (UNECE), the Organizationfor Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and
others, including international and national standardization bodies.
But let’s elaborate on how these effects are actually realized.
Standards are documented consensus agreements containing safety or technical
specifications or other specific criteria to be used consistently as rules, guidelines, or
definitions of characteristics for materials, products, processes and services. They provide
uniformity which allows worldwide acceptance and application of a product or material.
A standard isdefinedby ISO, the International OrganizationforStandardization,andIEC,the
International Electrotechnical Commission, as a document, established by consensus and
approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules,
guidelines, or characteristics for activities or their results aimed at the achievement of the
optimumdegree of orderin a givencontext.Standardsshouldbe basedon the consolidated
results of science, technology, and experience and aimed at the promotion of optimum
community benefits.
Accordingtothe WorldTrade OrganizationAgreementonTechnical BarrierstoTrade (TBT),a
standardisdefinedasadocumentapprovedbyarecognizedbody,thatprovides,forcommon
and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for products or related processes and
2. production methods, with which compliance is not mandatory. Such a document may also
deal with terminology, symbols, packaging, marking and labelling requirements.
This is a narrower definition of the term ‘‘standard’’ considering that it relates to products
only, because Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement is limited to products and their
processes. While the ISO and IEC definition is much wider in its application since it includes
systems and services as well within its general terminology of ‘‘activities or their results’’.
The activity of establishing, with regard to actual or potential problems, provisions for
common and repeated use, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a
given context is defined as standardization. Standardization consists in particular of the
processesneededtoformulate,issue,andimplementstandardstoimprove the suitabilityof
products, processes, and services for their intended purposes by enhancing prevention of
barriers to trade and facilitating technological cooperation.
Standardization is deemed the first of the three fundamental elements of quality
infrastructure,the othertwobeingmetrologyandaccreditation.Qualityinfrastructurecanbe
determinedas the systemcomprisingthe organizations(publicand private) togetherwiththe
policies, relevant legal and regulatory framework, and practices needed to support and
enhance the quality,safety,andenvironmental soundnessof goods,services,andprocesses.
Standards are recommendations. Interested parties or organizations apply them on a
voluntary basis. Users decide for themselves which standards are relevant and whether the
benefits warrant the cost of implementation. Standards can be part of a contractual
obligation,ortheycanbe implementedonthe strengthof marketperceptions.Standardsmay
be incorporatedintotechnical regulationsimposedbyregulatoryandstatutoryauthorities,or
referenced therein.
There are many diverse standardsinuse,rangingfromelectricalandwaterindustrytechnical
standards, to information technology standards, to mechanical engineering standards, to
health and safety standards, to management related standards. Standards cover most areas
of economic activity and come in a variety of forms.
Standardization may serve the needs of governments,businesses,and consumers in several
ways, all of which significantly impact, either directly or indirectly, economic growth.
Governments may use standardization as a mechanism to support relevant trade and
industrial policiesandensureenforcementof mandatorytechnical regulations.A recentstudy
in the United Kingdom found that more than 6 billion pounds in additional U.K. exports per
year could be attributed to standards. Businesses may be supported by standardization to
limitthe costsof production,increaseproductivityandbecome more competitive indomestic
and foreign markets. Use of standards helps companies to adopt new technologies and
innovationintheirproductionprocesses.A surveyof Britishcompaniesfoundthatmore than
60 percentof productand processinnovationsusedstandardsasa source of informationfor
innovationand37.4 percentof productivitygrowthcanbe attributedtothe use of standards.
Consumers are benefited too, because standardization comprises an essential part of and
highlycontributestothe appliedmechanisms forensuringpublichealthandsafetyaswell as
environmental andconsumerprotection. Technical regulationsplayanimportantrole inthis
regard, together with effective enforcement mechanisms such as market surveillance to
ensure that fraudulent and counterfeit products are not traded in the marketplace.
3. International standardsare importantinthe globaleconomy.The WorldTrade Organization’s
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) confers a high level of relevance on
international standards.Forinstance,itisstronglyadvisedthatnational standardsshouldbe
the adoptionsof international standards,andnational technical regulationsshouldbe based
oninternationalstandards.International standardsare developed,publishedandrevisedwith
full cognizance of the principles detailed by the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), namely, transparency, openness, impartiality and
consensus, effectiveness and relevance, coherence, consideration of the development
dimension,stakeholderengagement,due process,andnational adoptionorimplementation
of international or regional standards.
International standards facilitate access to global markets and world trade by providing a
commontechnical language fortradingpartnersthroughoutthe world.Forbusinessesactive
globally, these standardsare major criteria for assessing the suitability of potential business
partners and suppliers. They also ensure the compatibility and quality of products and
services.The resultsof studiesonthe economicbenefitsof standardizationhave shownthat
84 percent of manufacturing companies in Germany, for example, use European and
international standards to gain access to global markets.
One particular reason for standards’ general importance to trade is that they help lower
nontariff trade barriers, thus promoting global trade. In the World Trade Organization’s
Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement,this is codified in that (a) member states are obliged
to adoptinternational standardsasnational standardswithaslittle change aspossible, while
withdrawinganynational standardsof similarscope, and (b) technical regulationsshouldbe
based on international standards. In many regional trade agreements, similar notions are
demanded of member states.
Byrecommendingitsmemberstouse internationalstandardsratherthanregional ornational
ones whenever possible, as stipulated in the Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement, the
World Trade Organization promotes the application of such standards by manufacturers,
trade organizations, purchasers, consumers, testing laboratories, authorities and other
interestedparties. Since these standards generally reflect the best experience of industry,
researchers, consumers and regulators worldwide,and cover common needs in a variety of
countries,theyconstitute one of the importantbasesforthe removal of technical barriersto
trade.
International standardscanplayavital role inwhatconcerns accessingandcontrollingglobal
value chains. Leading companies in global value chains make the key decisions over how
production is organized, who participates, and how (that is the conditions of participation,
suchasnumberanddeliverytimesof outputs,price,quality,andotherrequirements).Leading
companies enforce these conditions through standards and their implementation. These
demands are imposed not only to first-tier suppliers, but also to second- and lower-tier
suppliers, to ensure compliance throughout the value chain.
Tothisregard,enteringand participatinginglobal valuechainsistiedtoincreasingcompliance
witha varietyof technical requirements,containedinbothvoluntarystandardsandtechnical
regulations, covering both product and processes. Demonstrable compliance (for example,
inspection,testing,andcertificationsupportedbyaccreditationandmetrology) withproduct
andprocessstandards signalstoleadingcompanies andtheirbuyersthecapabilityof suppliers
4. down the value chain. Without such demonstration of compliance, the opportunities of
getting involved in such global value chains are limited.
Standards and their implementation, demonstrated through trustworthy quality
infrastructure services,can have adecisiveimpact onthe abilityof acompany toreduce costs
in all areas of business – from purchasing, production, and sale to research & development,
quality assurance, environmental protection, and occupational health and safety – in
diverging ways and by several means.
Standardscontainfundamental knowledge whichcanbe usedbyresearch & developmentas
a basis for further technological advancements. Standards can help rationalize production,
increase productivity and boost efficiency. Standardizing interfaces can lead to lower
transactioncostsby enhancingcompatibility.Compatibleproductsandsystemsare ingreater
demand and thus more successful on the market. Standards is a key driver for continuous
quality improvements, which are essential for good customer relations. Standards ensure
safety,whichnotonly enhancescustomertrust,but alsoreducesliability. Itshouldbe noted
that safety is an integral part of quality, comprising an implied aspect of quality.
Compliance withrelevantstandardsisincreasinglyrequiredtomeetsocialandenvironmental
criteria for both the product and production processes. Consumerism, particularly in high-
income countries,isincreasinglytiedtosocialandenvironmentalnorms, standardsonhealth,
safety, ethics, fair trade, labor practices. Sustainability has become too important. Leading
companies have responded to these pressures and demand the same from their first- and
lower-tier suppliers in the value chain.In this respect, relevant standards are used in a self-
regulatory mode by the leading companies in global value chains throughout their value
chains to convey their responsible practices to customers and critics.
Companiesmay be furtherbenefitedandenjoyeconomicgrowthbyactivelytakingpartinthe
development of standardization.In this regard, companies can help shape these technical
rules to better reflect their own interests. At the same time, safety interests such as
environmental andconsumerprotectionand occupational healthare givendueconsideration.
Plusgettinginvolvedinthestandardsdevelopmentprocessbringscompaniesindirectcontact
with specialists in other areas – and with potential competitors. Such companies,therefore,
gain new knowledge ahead of time, and working together with those shaping research &
development helps them bring new technologies to market earlier than those that do not.
Given all the above, it is concludedthat an efficientand effective standards ecosystemis an
essential ingredient for competitiveness, access to new markets, productivity improvement,
innovation of new products, and environmental protection, as well as health and safety of
populations.In short, standards are not only key to a country’s growth, but also essential in
creating a safer, cleaner, and more equitable and well-integrated world.
Thank you for your attention.