After the fall of the Roman Empire, Rome underwent significant political and social changes, especially during the church reform and Renaissance, leading to the integration of Christian elements into ancient architecture. Significant construction and renovations were overseen by popes who transformed the city using ancient materials, resulting in iconic landmarks like St. Peter's Basilica. Daily life in ancient Rome varied by social class, with distinct cultural practices and architectural achievements influenced by earlier Greek designs.

1. Ancient Rome
After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Eternal City went through a series of political and social
changes that ultimately contributed to the image of the city that is present today. The process of
renovation of Rome began in the eleventh and twelfth centuries with the church reform and
continued through the Renaissance, a period that would eventually combine the new power structure
with the city's ancient essence.
Some of the first attempts to overtake the ancient Rome by the church began in the eleventh and
twelfth centuries when the reuse of the ancient buildings and monuments primarily involved placing
Christian inscriptions on the existing buildings and architecture (Riccioni 439). As Christianity began
dominating in the middle ages,...show more content...
The years between 1450 and 1650 was the era of the popes' attempts to further transform the city's
structure by imposing their values and notions on what was remaining of the pagan architecture
(Rocchi). At the beginning of the 15th century, the transformation began on a large scale at the two
most important centers of the city, the Vatican, and the Capitol Hill. The popes renovated roads,
monuments, and aqueducts (Rocchi) and excavated remains of the ancient structures. At the
beginning of the 16th century, the excavations intensified (Sebregondi 124). The church's building
campaigns were expanding thanks to the sensible convincing of many famous architects who
persuaded the popes to reuse the old building materials in the construction of the new city (Rocchi).
Famous structures such as the Belvedere Court, the Palazzo del Tribunall, and the Palazzo the
Cancelleria were all constructed in the first few decades of the 16th century (Sebregondi 124) as a
result of this newly–developed patron–artist relationship between the popes and their architects.
Another noted structure built during the period was St. Peter's Basilica, which was partially
constructed by using stone removed by Pope Nicholas V from the Colosseum (Van Drew 25). The
Colosseum was also excavated by Pope Sixtus V, who unearthed the obelisks placed by Augustus
and Constantinus II and set them in the Piazza de Popolo and
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2. Essay Ancient Rome
In this report about ancient Rome I will be talking about a lot of different things. One thing is how
ancient Rome was different from ancient Greece, their daily life activities and lifestyles, and also
about their religion.
The ancients Romans were very different from the ancient Greek. "The ancient Romans were
down–to–earth realists, not idealists."(Donn2) You can see this in theirstatues. The Greeks made
statues of perfect people. The Romans created real life statues. A good example of this is a Roman
emperor statue because his nose will be huge and the ancient Greek would have never done that. The
Romans were fierce soldiers and wonderful builders. They built roads all over the empire and all led
to Rome. The ancient Greeks had...show more content...
Not like the plebeians their house were made quite often of brick with red tile roofs, with room
arranged around a central courtyard. The windows and balconies faced the courtyard, not the street,
to keep their home safe from burglars. Real wealthy Romans might have a house with front door,
bedrooms, an office, a kitchen, a dinning room, a garden, a temple, an atrium, a toilet, and a private
bath. (Davis132)
The ancient Romans started their day with breakfast. The lower class Romans or plebeians might
have a breakfast of dry bread or dipped in wine, and water. Sometimes olives, cheese or raisins
were sprinkled on the bread. "It became a custom to distribute bread daily to the
unemployed."(Donn3) Workmen, on their way to work, grabbed some bread, and ate it on the way.
The upper class Romans or patricians enjoyed fresh meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, bread, and used
honey to sweeten food because sugar was unknown. They had slaves to cook and clean. Slaves
cut their food for them, as they didn't use forks or knives, but ate with their fingers. A wet towel
was brought by slaves to clean and wash up after a meal. Early in the morning kids who went to
school, on the run, often stopped at a bakery for a quick meal, or to buy a pancake to eat on their
way to school. (Lee3)
Then, they got dressed to go out. The very early Romans wore a toga that looked like a white sheet
9 yards long. Togas were arranged very carefully, in a
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3. Essay about Rome
ROME
Imagine an empire so vast and yet powerful, but then it falls like rain. Also imagine the same empire
that controls parts of Africa and Eurasia. One may envision such an empire that is war–like. This
empire is known as the Roman Empire. Aside all of the conquests and battles, their art and social life
are of extreme significance. Throughout past decades, archeologists have stumbled across many
remarkable findings that gives historians a much needed in–depth look into ancient societies. Spas,
glass technology, tax assessors, oils, and other "everyday" items are discovered frequently as...show
more content...
There have been ruins of an ancient Roman city located in Egypt. "The ruins of a city belonging to
the Roman Empire built more than approximately seventeen centuries ago have been found near
Dakhla oasis in Egypt's Western Desert. After four years of excavations, an Egyptian–Canadian team
recently uncovered ruins of the city, which is made of terra cotta. The find includes a temple with
the name Nero carved in one wall. Dakhla, 340 miles south of Cairo, was a major Egyptian
agricultural area during the Roman occupation of Egypt from 30 BCE to 395 CE." (Guardian,
section 1, page 24, col.7 3/6/98)
Speaking of Nero, a fresco find opens a window to the past, which is an amazing discovery. During
Nero's reign, two–thirds of Rome burned. There are no pictorial accounts of the Neronian period,
except the fresco. Fresco is the art of painting on fresh plaster with pigments dissolved in water.
The fresco gives one a bird's eye view of a contemporary city, possibly Rome, and provides a
unique insight into urban life at the time of the Emperor Nero. Archaeologists stumbled on the find
at the end of a tunnel running under the Colle Oppio, a public park opposite the Colosseum, which
is frequented by drug addicts and prostitutes. Ms. Elisabeta
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4. Women in Ancient Rome Essay
Women in Ancient Rome
In Roman times women were treated differently depending on their class, and family background.
However Roman women off all social classes were expected to assume, that they were merely
possessions of their fathers and then of their husband.
Many Romans told a story (below) about a woman named Cornelia, a Roman woman of the second
century BC:
An upper–class women from Campania was staying with Cornelia, a mother of the Gracchi brothers.
She continually boasted about her jewels which were the most beautiful to be seen at that time,
Cornelia kept her talking until her children returned home from their lessons, then she said to the
women: "these are my jewels"...show more content...
In AD 14, the Emperor Augustus, on his death bed, is reported to have told his wife, Livia;
'always remember whose wife you have been'.
Freeborn Roman women were never allowed to forget that people always regarded them as
someone's daughter, wife or mother, but never as an individual who has their own rights.
Daughters
Roman daughters, much like Greek daughters, were always in the custody of the oldest male in her
family and had to obey their rules. (The paterfamilias) the head of the household. In the Roman law,
the paterfamilias was so important and powerful that he had the right over everyone's life in his
family.
The daughters name as simply the name of her fathers but in a feminine form, there was nothing
personal in a daughter's name. If the father was called (Marcus Tullius Cicero) the daughter would
be simply be called Tullia. If however more than one daughter was born in that family then to
prevent confusion she would be called Tullia the younger, or Tullia the second, and so on.
We know this because historian's found evidence of this, from letters written on papyrus sheets that
have survived from Roman times.
Laws passed by Roman emperor's show that unwanted children were exposed and left to die in
public places, often on rubbish heaps. The precise number of female babies left to rot like this is
unknown;

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6. Roman Architecture Essay
Roman Architecture
Many centuries before the birth of Christ, the city of Rome grew, prospered, and developed into a
thriving Republic. As in most cultures, Rome's buildings became more elaborate and impressive.
They developed fantastic building technologies and ideas. The feats of Roman engineers were
groundbreaking, and many structures built by this culture still stand today. With knowledge
borrowed from the Greeks, Rome made impressive architectural achievements, these were namely
major attributes of buildings, colossal structures, and a legacy that would influence later buildings
(Cornell and Matthews 11).
According to legend, the city of Rome was founded in about 753 BC, by a group of shepherds. It sat
at an ideal...show more content...
The ancient Romans created and borrowed fundamental types of concepts that made up buildings.
The ideas that the Romans borrowed were basic ideas such as the column. A column is a vertical
shaped pillar with the chief design concern of supporting a building. Most columns consist of three
parts, the base, the shaft, and the capital. The shaft is usually cylindrical in shape. The Greeks had
three basic types of columns, Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. All three types have narrow fillets on
them. These were small vertical slits that ran the length of the column. The Romans modified the
column and added two types, Truscan and Composile. The columns became widely used in homes
and temples in Greece and later in Rome ("Architecture").
The Romans also borrowed from the Greeks other major structural designs. On the top of a column
on most temples and public buildings rested an Entablature. This is a classic triangular shaped
façade, or front of a building. The Entablature consists of four parts. The lowest part is the
Architrave, which sits on top of the capital or upper part of a column. On top of that, the frieze was
typically decorated with horizontal bands. The Cornice forms the upper part of the Entablature and
extols beyond the frieze on the sides. On the very top sits a Pediment, a triangular segment between
the lower Entablature and the roof ("Architecture").
The Romans borrowed the
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