H

1. ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS
of
Maxilla and Mandible
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Presented by:
Name- Shatabdi Das
Roll no.- 52
BDS 1st Year

2. Stress Bearing
Areas
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3. Limiting structures or the peripheral structures
1. Determine the peripheral seal for the denture's border.
2. Provide optimum extension of the denture border.
Supporting structures or stress bearing areas
1. Acts as a foundation for the denture base.
2. Tolerate the stresses produced by masticatory forces
when the denture is infunction.
Relief areas or the stress relieving areas
1. Resorbs under constant load.
2. Have fragile structures within
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4. Anatomical Landmarks of MAXILLA
 Limiting Areas:
1. Labial frenum
2. Right & left buccal frenum
3. Labial and right & left buccal vestibule
4. Hammular notch
5. Posterior palatal seal
 Stress Bearing Areas:
(A) Primary Stress Bearing Areas
1. firm tuberosity
2. hard palate on either side of the palatal raphe
(B) Secondary Stress Bearing Areas
1. Residual alveolar ridge
2.Palatal raphe
 Stress Relieving Areas:
1.Secondary stress bearing areas
2.mid palatal raphe
3.incisive papilla
4.fovea palatina
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5. Labial Vestibule
Buccal Vestibule
Posterolateral of
residual alveolar ridge
Buccal vestibule
Labial vestibule
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6. Limiting structures of Maxilla
Labial frenum
 It is fold of mucous membrane extending from themucous membrane of the lips toward the crest ofthe residual ridge on the labial surface.
 It contains no muscle and has no action of its own
Labial vestibule
 It runs from one buccal frenum to the other on the labialside of the ridge.
Buccal frenum
 It is the fold of mucous membrane, extending from the buccalmucous membrane reflection area towards the slope of theresidual ridge.
 The levator anguli oris muscle attaches beneath thefrenum, affecting its position
Buccal vestibule
 It extends from the buccal frenum to the hamularnotch.
 The size varies with the contraction of thebuccinator muscle and position of the mandible
Hamular notch
 It is situated between the tuberosity and the hamulus ofthe medial pterygoid plate.
 > Located 2 to 4 mm posteromedial to the distal limit of themaxillary residual ridge
Posterior palatal seal area
 The soft tissue area limited posteriorly by the distal demarcation of the movable and non movable tissues of the soft palate and anteriorly by
the junction of the hard and soft palates on which pressure, within physiologic limits, can be placed; this seal can be applied by a removable
complete denture to aid in its retention
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7. Stress Bearing Areas
Thicker mucosa
Underlying bone is
cortical bone is less
subject to resorption
Comparatively
thinner mucosa
Underlying bone is
cancellous bone which is
subject to resorption with
long term denture wear
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8. Stress Releiving Areas
Mid palatal raphe
> The median palatal suture is the area extending fromthe incisive papilla to the
distal end of the hard palate.
> The mucosa over this area is usually tightly attached,non resilient and thin, the
underlying bony union beingvery dense and often raised.
> Hence it must be relived in denture base to avoidtrauma to underlying tissue.
Incisive papilla
> The incisive papilla is a pad of fibrous connective tissueoverlying the orifice of the
nasopalatine canal.
> In the edentulous mouth it may lie on or labial to thecrest of the residual ridge.
> Pressure on this area results in burning sensation in theanterior third of the
palate.
Fovea Palatinae
> There are two glandular openings within the tissues of theposterior portion of the
hard palate, usually lying on eitherside of the midline
> The fovea are ductal openings into which the ducts ofother palatal mucous
glands drain.
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9. Anatomical Landmarks of MANDIBLE
 Limiting structures
1. Labial frenum
2. Labial vestibule
3. Buccal frenum
4. Buccal vestibule
5. Retromolar pads
6. Alveololingual sulcus
7. Lingual frenum
 Stress bearing areas
(A) Primary stress bearing areas
• Buccal shelves
• Retromolar pads
(B) Secondary stress bearin garea
• Residual alveolar ridge
 Stress relieving areas
1. Secondary stress bearing areas
2. Retromylohyoid ridge
3. Genial tubercle
4. Undercuts or sharp bony prominence on ridge 9

10. Lingual frenum
Buccal vestibule
Labial vestibule
Buccal vastibule
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11. Labial frenum
> The mucolabial fold extends from the inner aspect of thelip to the
mandible.
> The frenum contains fibers of the orbicularis oris muscle
Labial vestibule
> Mandibular labial vestibule extends from right buccalfrenum to the
left.
> Two soft elevations, one on each side of the frenum.These pads mark
the origin of the mentalis muscle.
> Laterally, has arrangement of fires of orbicularis oris.
Buccal frenum
> It is the fold or folds of mucous membrane, extending fromthe buccal
mucous membrane reflection area towards theslope of the residual
ridge.
> It is the dividing line between the labial and buccalvestibules.
> It overlies depressor anguli oris muscle.
> Should be relived in denture to avoid displacement ofdenture.
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12. Buccal vestibule
> The buccal vestibule extends posteriorly from the buccal frenum to the
posterior lateral aspect of the retromolar pad.
Alveololingual sulcus
> The alveololingual sulcus, which is the space between the residual ridge and
the tongue, extends from the lingual frenum to the retromylohyoid curtain.
Retromolar pads
> The retromolar pad is a triangular pad of tissue at the distalend of the residual
ridge.
> The underlying bone is dense cortical bone because of the muscle attachments
andis resistant to resorption
Lingual frenum
> It is a fold of mucous membrane seen when the tip of the tongue is elevated.
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13. Anatomical Landmarks of MANDIBLE
 Limiting structures
1. Labial frenum
2. Labial vestibule
3. Buccal frenum
4. Buccal vestibule
5. Retromolar pads
6. Alveololingual sulcus
7. Lingual frenum
 Stress bearing areas
(A) Primary stress bearing areas
• Buccal shelves
• Retromolar pads
(B) Secondary stress bearin garea
• Residual alveolar ridge
 Stress relieving areas
1. Secondary stress bearing areas
2. Retromylohyoid ridge
3. Genial tubercle
4. Undercuts or sharp bony prominence on ridge 13

14. Buccal shelf area
> Boundaries of buccal shelf area:
Anteriorly - Mandibular buccal frenum
Posteriorly - Anterior edge of the masseter muscle.
Medially- crest of the ridge
Laterally- boney external oblique ridge
Distally- retromolar pad.
> It is composed of dense cortical bone.
Retromolar pads
> The retromolar pad is a triangular pad of tissue at the distalend of the residual
ridge.
> The underlying bone is dense cortical bone because of the muscle attachments
andis resistant to resorption
Residual alveolar ridge
> The crest of the residual alveolar ridge is covered by fibrous connective tissue
> The slopes of the ridge have cancellous bone and without a good cortical bony
plate covering it 14

15. Anatomical Landmarks of MANDIBLE
 Limiting structures
1. Labial frenum
2. Labial vestibule
3. Buccal frenum
4. Buccal vestibule
5. Retromolar pads
6. Alveololingual sulcus
7. Lingual frenum
 Stress bearing areas
(A) Primary stress bearing areas
• Buccal shelves
• Retromolar pads
(B) Secondary stress bearin garea
• Residual alveolar ridge
 Stress relieving areas
1. Secondary stress bearing areas
2. Retromylohyoid ridge
3. Genial tubercle
4. Undercuts or sharp bony prominence on ridge 15

16. Genial tubercle
> The genial tubercles are a dense cortical prominence at the inferior border of
the mandible at the lingual midline
> They represent the muscle attachment of the genioglossus and geniohyoid
muscles.
> When there is extensive resorption of the residual ridge, they often lie on the
ridge and need to be relieved
Retromyelohyoid ridge
> The mylohyoid ridge is a boney prominence along the lingual aspect of the
mandible.
> This posterior prominence often requires relief in the denture and may require
surgical reduction
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17. Thank You!
Presented by:
Name- Shatabdi Das
Roll no.- 52
BDS 1st Year
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