محاضرة دكتورة نورا الطحاوى للفرقة الاولى كلية الطب البشرى
يوم الاحد 17 ابريل 2011س
Lectures of Anatomy by Dr. Noura El Tahawy for first year Faculty of Medicine, El Minia University. 17-4-211
م
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the abdominal region in 3 sentences or less per section. It begins with the bones, muscles and diaphragm of the abdominal wall. Next, it details the abdominal aorta and its branches, as well as the portal and inferior vena cava veins. The remainder of the document describes the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs section by section, including the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, kidneys and more. Clinical cases are also mentioned. Diagrams and cross-sectional images supplement the textual descriptions.
This document provides an overview of pelvic anatomy and normal pelvic radiology. It describes the bones of the pelvis, ligaments, muscles, blood vessels and lymph nodes. Examples of normal anatomy are shown on plain radiographs, CT scans and MRI images in axial, sagittal and coronal views. Key structures like the sacrum, hip bones, bladder and reproductive organs are labeled on the images.
A summary for learning the muscles of the hip including their attachments, innervation, etc., without having to have too many books open. Resources: "Grey's anatomy", "Taschenatlas Anatomie", "McMinn's Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy" and Wikipedia. Awaiting further proof-reading!
This document describes the anatomy and histology of the esophagus. It notes that the esophagus has four main layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa/adventitia. The mucosa contains stratified squamous epithelium and esophageal glands. The submucosa contains dense connective tissue and esophageal glands. The muscularis externa contains both skeletal and smooth muscle fibers arranged in inner circular and outer longitudinal layers. Nerves that innervate the esophagus include the enteric nervous system and sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways.
This document discusses the jejunum, ileum, and mesentery of the small intestine. It describes the superior mesenteric artery, its course through the abdomen, and its branches that supply blood to the jejunum, ileum, and parts of the large intestine. Diagrams and labels are provided to illustrate the anatomical structures and blood supply.
The muscles of the pelvis include the levator ani muscles like the pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus which connect the coccyx to the pubic bone and anococcygeal ligament respectively. The puborectalis connects to the anorectal junction. These muscles support the pelvic organs, increase intra-abdominal pressure, and provide sphincter action for the rectum and urethra. The piriformis and obturator internus are also muscles in the pelvis.
The document lists the key anatomical structures and vasculature of the inguinal region and abdominal cavity. It outlines the ligaments and fascial layers that make up the inguinal canal. It then describes the branches of the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery that supply the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs. Finally, it briefly mentions the major abdominal veins, including the hepatic, portal, mesenteric and inferior veins.
This document summarizes the origin, insertion, action, synergists, and antagonists of several muscles in the pelvis, thigh, and lower leg regions. Key muscles discussed include the iliopsoas, gluteus maximus, medius and minimus, sartorius, quadriceps femoris group (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medialis and intermedius), and hamstrings. These muscles act to flex, extend, abduct, rotate and stabilize the hip, knee and ankle joints during movements like walking, running, sitting and climbing stairs. Understanding muscle origins and insertions is important for comprehending their functional actions.
describes about peritoneal cavity and clinical importance of it. it describes in deatils about lesser sac, greater sac, pouch of Morrison, pouch of Douglas.
محاضرة دكتورة نورا الطحاوى للفرقة الاولى كلية الطب البشرى
يوم الاحد 17 ابريل 2011س
Lectures of Anatomy by Dr. Noura El Tahawy for first year Faculty of Medicine, El Minia University. 17-4-211
م
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the abdominal region in 3 sentences or less per section. It begins with the bones, muscles and diaphragm of the abdominal wall. Next, it details the abdominal aorta and its branches, as well as the portal and inferior vena cava veins. The remainder of the document describes the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs section by section, including the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, kidneys and more. Clinical cases are also mentioned. Diagrams and cross-sectional images supplement the textual descriptions.
This document provides an overview of pelvic anatomy and normal pelvic radiology. It describes the bones of the pelvis, ligaments, muscles, blood vessels and lymph nodes. Examples of normal anatomy are shown on plain radiographs, CT scans and MRI images in axial, sagittal and coronal views. Key structures like the sacrum, hip bones, bladder and reproductive organs are labeled on the images.
A summary for learning the muscles of the hip including their attachments, innervation, etc., without having to have too many books open. Resources: "Grey's anatomy", "Taschenatlas Anatomie", "McMinn's Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy" and Wikipedia. Awaiting further proof-reading!
This document describes the anatomy and histology of the esophagus. It notes that the esophagus has four main layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa/adventitia. The mucosa contains stratified squamous epithelium and esophageal glands. The submucosa contains dense connective tissue and esophageal glands. The muscularis externa contains both skeletal and smooth muscle fibers arranged in inner circular and outer longitudinal layers. Nerves that innervate the esophagus include the enteric nervous system and sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways.
This document discusses the jejunum, ileum, and mesentery of the small intestine. It describes the superior mesenteric artery, its course through the abdomen, and its branches that supply blood to the jejunum, ileum, and parts of the large intestine. Diagrams and labels are provided to illustrate the anatomical structures and blood supply.
The muscles of the pelvis include the levator ani muscles like the pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus which connect the coccyx to the pubic bone and anococcygeal ligament respectively. The puborectalis connects to the anorectal junction. These muscles support the pelvic organs, increase intra-abdominal pressure, and provide sphincter action for the rectum and urethra. The piriformis and obturator internus are also muscles in the pelvis.
The document lists the key anatomical structures and vasculature of the inguinal region and abdominal cavity. It outlines the ligaments and fascial layers that make up the inguinal canal. It then describes the branches of the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery that supply the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs. Finally, it briefly mentions the major abdominal veins, including the hepatic, portal, mesenteric and inferior veins.
This document summarizes the origin, insertion, action, synergists, and antagonists of several muscles in the pelvis, thigh, and lower leg regions. Key muscles discussed include the iliopsoas, gluteus maximus, medius and minimus, sartorius, quadriceps femoris group (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medialis and intermedius), and hamstrings. These muscles act to flex, extend, abduct, rotate and stabilize the hip, knee and ankle joints during movements like walking, running, sitting and climbing stairs. Understanding muscle origins and insertions is important for comprehending their functional actions.
describes about peritoneal cavity and clinical importance of it. it describes in deatils about lesser sac, greater sac, pouch of Morrison, pouch of Douglas.
7. Gége - larynx
Vérellátás
• a. thyroidea superior
(a. carotis externa)
• a. thyroidea inferior (a. subclavia)
Beidegzés
• n. laryngeus superior (IX ág)
• n. laryngeus inferior (X ág)
8.
9. Légcső – trachea
10-12 cm hosszú
patkó alakú porcokkal merevített képlet
a mellüregben 2 fő brochusra
Hörgő – bronchus oszlik szét
a főbronchusok a tüdőkapun
(hilus pulmonis) át lépnek be a
tüdőbe
17. Légzőizmok
Légzőizmok
• diaphragma
• mm. intercostales
Belégzés (inspiratio)
ellapul a rekesz, bordák
megemelkednek, mellkas
tágul, tüdő térfogatnövekedés
Kilégzés (exspiratio)
diaphragma elernyed, rekesz a
mellüreg felé
domborodik, bordák eredeti
helyzetüket veszik fel
Légzési segédizmok (bizonyos
nyaki és mellizmok)
Szív helyzete változik!
22. Garat – pharynx
epipharynx
Szerkezet
• garatemelő izmok mesopharynx
• garatfűző izmok
Vérellátás hypopharynx
• a. pharyngea ascendens
Beidegzés
• n. glossopharyngeus (IX), n. vagus (X)
Garat körüli rések
• spatium retropharyngeum
• spatium parapharyngeum
23. Nyelőcső – oesophagus
C5-Th11 Részei
• Pars cervicalis, thoracalis, abdominalis
Topográfiai viszonyok
klinikai vonatkozások
endoscopia;
bal pitvar közelsége – transoesophagealis
echocardiographia;
kontrasztanyagos rtg. vizsgálatok
Vérellátás
• a. thyroidea inferior, gyomor artériák
Beidegzés – zsigeri!
• truncus symphaticus, n. vagus (X)
Hashártyaviszonyok
• alsó szakasza intraperitonealis
24. Gyomor – ventriculus, gaster
Főbb anatómiai tájékozódási pontok
• kis görbület – curvatura minor
Th11
• nagy görbület – curvatura major
• cardia – fundus – corpus – pylorus
Vérellátás L1
• a. gastrica sinistra (tr. coeliacus)
• a. gastrica dextra (a. hepatica propria)
• a. gastroepiploica sinistra (a. lienalis)
• a. gastroepiploica dextra (a. gastroduodenalis)
• aa. Gastrices breves (a. lienalis)
• v. coronaria ventriculi (v. portae)
Beidegzés – zsigeri!
• truncus symphaticus, n. vagus (X)
25. Patkóbél (epésbél) – duodenum
L1 Részei
• pars pylorica
• flexura duodeni superior
• pars descendens
L2 • flexura duodeni inferior
• pars inferior
Jelentőség
• Vater papilla (epe és hasnyál)
L3
Vérellátás
• a. gastroduodenalis (tr. coeliacus)
• a. pancreaticoduodenalis sup. et inf. (a.
mesenterica superior)
• vénák a v. poertae rendszerébe
Beidegzés – zsigeri!
• tr. symphaticus, N. vagus (X)
+ humoralis szabályozás
+ plexus submucosus et plexus myentericus!
(A vékonybél további szakaszaira is ez
érvényes!)
26. Éhbél és csípőbél – jejunum et ileum
Vérellátás
• a. jejuni et ilei (a. mesenterica
superior) anastomizáló ágai
• v. jejuni et ilei (v. portae)
Hashártyaviszonyok
L3
• intraperitonealis; radix
L4 mesenterii
L5
S1
27. Vastagbél – intestinum crassum
Vakbél – caecum
Vérellátás
• a. ileocolica
(a. mesenterica superior)
Beidegzés
• N. vagus (X),
truncus symphaticus
L3 • Plexus submucosus
et plexus myentericus
L4 Hashártyaviszonyok
• nagy egyéni változatosság
L5
S1
Appendix vermiformis!
Klinikailag fontos:
• McBurney-pont, Lanz-pont
28. Vastagbél – intestinum crassum
Colon ascendens
Vérellátás
• a. colica dextra
(a. mesenterica superior)
Beidegzés
L3 • n. vagus (X),
truncus symphaticus
L4 • plexus submucosus
et plexus myentericus
L5
Hashártyaviszonyok
• részben intraperitonealis
S1
29. Vastagbél – intestinum crassum
Colon transversum
Vérellátás
• a. colica media
(a. mesenterica superior)
Beidegzés
• n. vagus (X),
truncus symphaticus
• plexus submucosus
et plexus myentericus
Hashártyaviszonyok
• intraperitonealis
31. Végbél – rectum
Vérellátás
• A. rectalis superior
(a. mesenterica inferior)
• A. rectalis media
(a. iliaca interna)
• A. rectalis inferior
(a. pudenda interna)
• Vénák!
Hashártyaviszonyok
• Felső részét borítja hashártya
• Douglas üreg! (excavatio
rectouterina v. rectovaginalis)
32.
33. Nyálmirigyek
Három pár fő nyálmirigy
• Glandula parotis
• Glandula submandibularis
• Glandula sublingualis
Kivezetőcsövek, szájadékok
• Parotis
– Ductus parotideus (Stenon-vezeték)
– 2. felső molaris
• Caruncula sublingualis (g. sl, g. sm.)
Járulékos nyálmirigyek
34. Máj - hepar
Felszínei – Glisson-tok
• facies visceralis
• facies diaphragmatica
Hashártyaviszonyok
• lig. falciforme hepatis
• lig. teres hepatis
• omentum minus
– lig. hepatoduodenale
– lig. hepatogastricum
• area nuda
Felszíni érintkezések
hasfal, ren d., gl. suprarenalis
d., oesophagus, gaster, duodenu
m, flexura coli dextra, pancreas
35. Máj - hepar
Porta hepatis
Vérellátás
• a. hepatica propria
(tr. celiacus)
• v. portae hepatis
– v. lienalis
– v. mesenterica superior
– v. mesenterica inferior
36. Epehólyag – vesica biliaris / fellea
Epeútrendszer Hashártyaviszonyok
• Ductus hepaticus dextra • Részben borítja
et sinistra hashártya
• Ductus hepaticus communis
• Ductus cysticus
• Ductus choledochus
37. Hasnyálmirigy – pancreas
Felépítése
• caput (fej)
• processus uncinatus
• corpus (test)
• cauda (farok)
Vérellátás
• a. pancreaticoduodenalis
superior (tr. coeliacus)
• a. pancreaticoduodenalis
inferior (a. mesenterica superior)
• kisebb ágak az a. lienalisból
• v. lienalis (v. portae)
41. Vese – ren
Vérellátás
• a. renalis
(aorta abdominalis ága)
– aa. interlobaris
• aa. arcuatae
– aa. interlobulares
» vas afferens
» glomerulus
» vas efferens
– arteriolae rectae
• v. renalis
(vena cava inferior ága)
– vv. Interlobares
• vv. arcuatae
– vv. Interlobulares
Tubulus rendszer
42.
43. Húgyvezeték – ureter
Szakaszai
• pars abdominalis
• pars pelvina
Vérellátás
• Környező artériákból
– a. renalis, a. testicularis /
ovarica, a. iliaca comm.
et int., a. uterina, a.
vesicalis sup.
48. Hashártya – peritoneum
1. lig. hepatogastricum
ren 2. lig. gastrolienale
3 l
4
5 i 3. lig. phrenicolienale
pancreas e
2 n 4. BURSA OMENTALIS
hepar 1 gaster
5. recessus lienalis
bursae omentalis
49.
50. A hasüreg artériái
Páros fali ágak
– aa. lumbales
– a. sacralis media
Páros zsigeri ágak
– a. suprarenalis media
– a. renalis
– a. testicularis / ovarica
51. A hasüreg artériái
Páratlan
zsigeri ágak
tr. coeliacus (1)
– a. gastrica sinistra
– a. lienalis
– aa. gastricae breves
1 – a. gastroepiploica sin.
– a. hepatica communis
– a. gastroduodenalis
– a. hepatica propria
2 a. mesenterica superior (2)
– a. pancreaticoduodenalis
inferior
– aa. jejunales et ilei
– a. ileocolica
– a. colica dextra
– a. colica media
3 a. mesenterica inferior (3)
– a. colica sinistra
– aa. sigmoidea
– a. rectalis superior
52. A hasüreg vénái
A vena portae rendszere
– v. lienalis
– v. mesenterica superior
– v. mesenterica inferior
A vena cava inferior
rendszere
– vv. hepaticae
– v. suprarenalis
– vv. renales
– vv. testiculares / ovarica
+ a rectum speciális viszonyai!
– v. rectalis sup.
– v. rectalis med.
– v. rectalis inf.