Binary Search is a searching algorithm used in a sorted array by repeatedly dividing the search interval in half. The idea of binary search is to use the information that the array is sorted and reduce the time complexity to O(Log n).
linear search and binary search, Class lecture of Data Structure and Algorithms and Python.
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linear search and binary search, Class lecture of Data Structure and Algorithms and Python.
Stack, Queue, Tree, Python, Python Code, Computer Science, Data, Data Analysis, Machine Learning, Artificial Intellegence, Deep Learning, Programming, Information Technology, Psuedocide, Tree, pseudocode, Binary Tree, Binary Search Tree, implementation, Binary search, linear search, Binary search operation, real-life example of binary search, linear search operation, real-life example of linear search, example bubble sort, sorting, insertion sort example, stack implementation, queue implementation, binary tree implementation, priority queue, binary heap, binary heap implementation, object-oriented programming, def, in BST, Binary search tree, Red-Black tree, Splay Tree, Problem-solving using Binary tree, problem-solving using BST, inorder, preorder, postorder
It is a presentation on some Searching and Sorting Techniques for Computer Science.
It consists of the following techniques:
Sequential Search
Binary Search
Selection Sort
Bubble Sort
Insertion Sort
It is a presentation on some Searching and Sorting Techniques for Computer Science.
It consists of the following techniques:
Sequential Search
Binary Search
Selection Sort
Bubble Sort
Insertion Sort
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept that describes the network of physical objects or “things” that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet.
This project is intended for construction of a Smart Fingerprint based Door Lock System, by using R307 finger print reader optical sensor module attendance scanner. The project based on the Arduino Uno/Node MCU is used for the desired purpose. A standalone module is a machine which can automatically perform tasks. 12C OLED Display Module set in front of the gate and shows the data about who is check-in with a proper ID. The fingerprint sensor detects the finger ID and give access to the 12V Solenoid lock to open the door.
The project also includes Blynk IoT app which provides the remotely controlled accessed for the whole project using Wi-Fi connectivity.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of interconnected physical devices that can communicate and share data without the need for human involvement.
It has been explicitly defined as a “Information Society Infrastructure” because IoT enables us to collect data from various mediums such as humans, animals, vehicles, and kitchen equipment Thus, any physical object that can be assigned an IP address to permit data transfer over a network can be integrated into an IoT system by integrating it with electronic hardware such as sensors, software, and networking gear.
Inter-process communication (IPC) is a mechanism that allows processes to communicate with each other and synchronize their actions. The communication between these processes can be seen as a method of co-operation between them. Processes can communicate with each other through both: Shared Memory.
It's the 2nd part of our 'Device & Hardware' category presentations. In 1st part we're uploaded the slides about Samsung Galaxy S8+ and now we are uploading the brand new model of S series; it's S9+
In this short and simple presentation you will learn about the new features of Galaxy S9+, what's new in this model or which things make it to better than others?
What is Normalization in Database Management System (DBMS) ?
What is the history of the system of normalization?
Types of Normalizations,
and why this is needed all details in the presentation.
Information about Robotic Science, what is it, history of this invention, types of this science everything included here. Hope you like this presentation. Press like, and if you have any types of question the Comment please. Thank you!
More from Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (12)
Data Centers - Striving Within A Narrow Range - Research Report - MCG - May 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) expects to see demand and the changing evolution of supply, facilitated through institutional investment rotation out of offices and into work from home (“WFH”), while the ever-expanding need for data storage as global internet usage expands, with experts predicting 5.3 billion users by 2023. These market factors will be underpinned by technological changes, such as progressing cloud services and edge sites, allowing the industry to see strong expected annual growth of 13% over the next 4 years.
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MCG reports that the more favorable market conditions expected over the next few years, helped by the winding down of pandemic restrictions and a hybrid working environment will be driving market momentum forward. The continuous injection of capital by alternative investment firms, as well as the growing infrastructural investment from cloud service providers and social media companies, whose revenues are expected to grow over 3.6x larger by value in 2026, will likely help propel center provision and innovation. These factors paint a promising picture for the industry players that offset rising input costs and adapt to new technologies.
According to M Capital Group: “Specifically, the long-term cost-saving opportunities available from the rise of remote managing will likely aid value growth for the industry. Through margin optimization and further availability of capital for reinvestment, strong players will maintain their competitive foothold, while weaker players exit the market to balance supply and demand.”
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This report aims to equip stakeholders across public and private sectors with the knowledge to enhance their defensive strategies, reduce exposure to cyber risks, and reinforce Germany's resilience against cyber threats.
3. INTRODUCTION
Binary Search is the search technique that works efficiently on sorted lists. Hence, to
search an element into some list using the binary search technique, we must ensure
that the list is sorted.
Binary search follows the divide and conquer approach in which the list is divided into
two halves, and the item is compared with the middle element of the list. If the match
is found then, the location of the middle element is returned. Otherwise, we search
into either of the halves depending upon the result produced through the match.
Binary Search 3
4. Binary Search is also known as half-interval search or logarithmic search, is a search
algorithm that finds the position of target value within a sorted array.
Binary Search runs in at worst logarithmic time, making {O(log n)} comparisons,
where {n} is the number of elements in the array and {log} is the binary algorithm; and
using only constant {(O(1))} space.
Binary Search 4
5. Difference between Linear Search and Binary Search –
Binary Search 5
Basis of Comparison Linear Search Binary Search
Definition The linear search starts
searching from the first
element and compares each
element with a searched
element till the element is not
found.
It finds the position of the
searched element by finding the
middle element of the array.
Approach It is based on the sequential
approach.
It is based on the divide and
conquer approach.
Size It is preferrable for the small-
sized data sets.
It is preferrable for the large-size
data sets.
Efficiency It is less efficient in the case
of large-size data sets.
It is more efficient in the case of
large-size data sets.
Sorted data In a linear search, the
elements don't need to be
arranged in sorted order.
The pre-condition for the binary
search is that the elements must
be arranged in a sorted order.
6. ALGORITHM
There are two methods to implement the binary search algorithm –
Iterative Method:
o If the target value is equal to the middle element, its position in the array is
returned.
o If the target value is less than the middle element, then we continue the
search in the lower half of the array.
o If the target value is greater than the middle element, then we continue
the search in the upper half of the array.
Recursive Method:
o Recursive implementation of binary search algorithm, in the method
binarySearch(), follows almost the same logic as iterative version, except
for a couple of differences.
Binary Search 6
7. Now, let’s see the algorithm of binary search –
Binary_Search(a, lower_bound, upper_bound, val)
Step 1: set start = lower_bound, end = upper_bound, pos = - 1
Step 2: repeat steps 3 and 4 while start <=end
Step 3: set mid = (start + end)/2
Step 4: if a[mid] = val
set pos = mid
print pos
Binary Search 7
8. go to step 6
else if a[mid] > val
set end = mid - 1
else
set start = mid + 1
[end of if]
[end of loop]
Step 5: if pos = -1
print "value is not present in the array"
[end of if]
Step 6: exit
Binary Search 8
9. EXAMPLE
Let the elements of array are –
Let the element to search is, K=56
We have to use the below formula to calculate the mid of the array –
mid=(start+end)/2
So, in the given array –
start = 0, end = 8 and mid = (0+8)/2 = 4
So, 4 is the mid of the array.
Binary Search 9
11. Now, the element to search is found. So algorithm will return the index of the element
matched.
Binary Search 11
12. TIME COMPLEXITY
Now, let's see the time complexity of Binary search in the best case, average case, and
worst case.
1. Best Case –
The element to be search is in the middle of the list.
In this case, the element is found in the first step itself and this involves 1
comparison.
Therefore, the Best Case Time Complexity of Binary Search is O(1).
Binary Search 12
13. 2. Average Case –
The average case time complexity of Binary search is O(log n).
3. Worst Case –
The element is to search is in the first index or last index.
In this case, the total number of comparisons required is {log n} comparisons.
Therefore, the worst case time complexity of Binary Search is O(log n).
Binary Search 13
14. Time Complexity:
Space Complexity
The Space Complexity of Binary Search is O(1).
Binary Search 14
Case Time Complexity
Best Case O(1)
Average Case O(log n)
Worst Case O(log n)
Space Complexity O(1)
15. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
Advantages of Binary Search:
It is better than a linear search algorithm since its run time complexity is O(log
n).
At each iteration, the binary search algorithm eliminates half of the list and
significantly reduces the search space.
The binary search algorithm works even when the array is rotated by some
position and finds the target element.
Binary Search 15
16. Disadvantages of Binary Search:
The recursive method uses stack space.
Binary search is error-prone. Some of the common errors are as follows:
Off-by-one errors: While determining the boundary of the next interval, there
might be overlapping errors.
o Handling of duplicate items: While returning the first item, it might be
possible we return a subsequence similar item.
o Numerical underflows/overflows: In huge arrays when computing indices.
There might be overflows
o Recursive vs non-recursive implementation, which should be considered
while designing as recursive takes stack space.
Binary Search 16
17. APPLICATIONS
The applications of Binary Search are:
1. Find an element in a sorted array
2. Applications of Binary Search beyond arrays
To find if n is a square of an integer
Find the first value greater than or equal to x in a given array of sorted
integers
Find the frequency of a given target value in an array of integers
Find the peak of an array which increases and then decreases
A sorted array is rotated n times. Search for a target value in the array
Binary Search 17
18. 3. Real life applications of Binary Search –
Dictionary
Debugging a linear piece of code
Figuring out resource requirements
for a large system
Find values in sorted collection
Semiconductor test programs
Numerical solutions to an equation
18
Binary Search