Solar energy is a potential energy source in Myanmar and its application is ever increasing. In solar PV application, the photovoltaic module is needed to harvest this kind of energy. The PV module exhibit nonlinear I–V and P– V characteristics. The maximum power produced varies with both irradiance and temperature. The maximum efficiency is achieved when PV works at its maximum power point which can be obtained by using suitable MPPT algorithm. Most of PV systems use conventional MPPT methods such as incremental conductance IC and perturb and observe P and O . With the advanced in control technology, the intelligent control techniques are commonly used in all areas. A conventional MPPT controller is used to maximise the conversion efficiency under normal conditions but fails in abnormal conditions. This paper proposes an intelligent ANN PandO MPPT controller for the Boost converter that utilises the effective regions of both ANN and PandO methods to identify the global maximum point in order to improve the conversion efficiency of a PV system and a comparative simulation study of three MPPT algorithms specifically i perturb and observe, ii artificial neural network ANN , and iii NN – PandO. MATLAB SIMULINK software is used to test how well the controller works in unusual situations and compare it to its individual counterparts. Shubham Dwivedi | Poonam Jounjare "Analysis and Implement of Hybrid ANN - P&O Based MPPT Controller to Enhance Efficiency of Photovoltaic System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50589.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/50589/analysis-and-implement-of-hybrid-ann--pando-based-mppt-controller-to-enhance-efficiency-of-photovoltaic-system/shubham-dwivedi
Enhancing Solar Photovoltaic System Efficiency A Comparative Analysis of Inte...ijtsrd
Solar energy is a potential energy source in India and its application is ever increasing. In solar PV application, the photovoltaic module is needed to harvest this kind of energy. The PV module exhibit nonlinear I–V and P– V characteristics. The maximum power produced varies with both irradiance and temperature. The maximum efficiency is achieved when PV works at its maximum power point which can be obtained by using suitable MPPT algorithm. Most of PV systems use conventional MPPT methods such as incremental conductance IC and perturb and observe P and O . With the advanced in control technology, the intelligent control techniques are commonly used in all areas. A conventional MPPT controller is used to maximise the conversion efficiency under normal conditions but fails in abnormal conditions. This paper proposes an intelligent ANN PandO MPPT controller for the Boost converter that utilises the effective regions of both ANN and PandO methods to identify the global maximum point in order to improve the conversion efficiency of a PV system and a comparative simulation study of three MPPT algorithms specifically i perturb and observe, ii artificial neural network ANN , and iii NN – PandO. MATLAB SIMULINK software is used to test how well the controller works in unusual situations and compare it to its individual counterparts. Bashab Mazumder | Samina Elyas Mubeen "Enhancing Solar Photovoltaic System Efficiency: A Comparative Analysis of Intelligent ANN-P&O MPPT Controller against Traditional Algorithms" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd61318.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/61318/enhancing-solar-photovoltaic-system-efficiency-a-comparative-analysis-of-intelligent-annpando-mppt-controller-against-traditional-algorithms/bashab-mazumder
To Study, Analyse and Implement MPPT PandO Based Photovoltaic PV System using...ijtsrd
In order to extract maximum power from a Photovoltaic PV screen, a different Maximum Power Point Tracking MPPT algorithm has been developed, among which the Perturb and Observe PandO MPPT algorithm is commonly used. The PandO algorithm may be done either by direct duty ratio or by voltage comparison power. Both have time monitoring and oscillation disadvantages across the MPP. In this case, the reference voltage produced by the algorithm is fed to the controller PI PID to produce the corresponding duty ratio. The PID controller gains are determined under the normal test conditions STC 1000 W m2, 25°C of the PV panel and the same values are used for other operating conditions which do not offer satisfactory results under different operating conditions. In this article, an adaptive approach is suggested for the measurement of gains for controllers under varying operating conditions without the use of external sensors. The suggested approach defines a linear association between the PID gains measured for the STC and those for other operating conditions, and this relationship adapts the PID gains for various operating conditions. The models and experimental findings demonstrate that the suggested adaptive system specifically measures the maximum power and optimizes the disruption characteristics. Raghavendera Kumar | Pramod Kumar Rathore "To Study, Analyse and Implement MPPT-P&O Based Photovoltaic (PV) System using PID Controller" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51828.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/51828/to-study-analyse-and-implement-mpptpando-based-photovoltaic-pv-system-using-pid-controller/raghavendera-kumar
Modelling and Simulation of Perturbation and Observation MPPT Algorithm for P...IJMTST Journal
Renewable energy has too much attention over past few years specially solar energy. Photovoltaic is a
technique in which solar energy is converted into electrical energy (DC). As we know conventional energy is
limited so we are trying to improve the uses of renewable energy like solar energy, hydel energy, and tidal
energy. A single cell of photovoltaic has still very low output so it is necessary to improve the performance
and reduce the cost. The model of photovoltaic presented in this paper can be used to visualize its output
characteristics which are I-V characteristics and P-V characteristics under different irradiation level and
temperature. In this paper MPPT- Maximum power point tracking is a method in which changing the ratio
between current and voltage delivered to get power by tracking one maximum power point from array input.
Here the system developed by combining (PV) photovoltaic module and DC-DC boost converter. There is a
detail discussion of DC-DC boost converter and perturbation and observation (P&O) MPPT algorithm.
Perturbation and observation (P&O) principal is to create a perturbation by increasing or decreasing the duty
cycle of DC-DC boost converter and observe the change in PV output. Used algorithm is to track MPPs because
it performance very small control under rapid changes. This is experimentally verified by modelling the PV
system with MPPT algorithm in MATLAB/Simulink Software.
Simulation of Optimal Control Strategy for a Solar Photovoltaic Power Systemijtsrd
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) to control a single-stage solar photovoltaic power system connected to the grid through an LCL filter. The Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm is used to track the maximum power point of the solar panels and regulate the fluctuating DC bus voltage. Simulation results in MATLAB are presented and show the system response under different conditions like load variations, insolation changes, and load switching. The results include voltages, currents, and power measurements that indicate the system successfully tracks the maximum power point and regulates the DC bus voltage under different operating conditions.
Comparison of Maximum Power Point Technique for Solar Photovoltaic ArrayIRJET Journal
This document compares two maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques - incremental conductance and perturb and observe algorithms. It summarizes the modeling of a solar photovoltaic module and the use of a DC-DC converter along with an MPPT control mechanism to extract maximum available power from the solar panel under different irradiance conditions. The algorithms are implemented using MATLAB simulations. The perturb and observe algorithm uses duty cycle adjustments to approach the MPP based on the slope of the power-voltage curve. The incremental conductance method matches the PV array impedance to the converter impedance by increasing or decreasing duty cycle. A buck converter configuration is used for MPPT tracking in the simulations.
Maximum Power Point Tracking Technologies for Photovoltaic Efficiency Improve...IRJET Journal
This document discusses maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technologies used to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic systems. It begins by introducing the need for MPPT to extract maximum available power from solar panels given varying light and temperature conditions. It then describes modeling of solar cells and modules, and the use of DC-DC boost converters connected to MPPT controllers to vary output voltage for optimal power. The document simulates and evaluates the performance of a perturb and observe MPPT algorithm under changing light levels, showing it successfully tracks maximum power points.
IRJET- Design Simulation and Control of Utility Grid Connected Solar Photovol...IRJET Journal
1) The document describes a MATLAB model of a utility grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) array system. It uses maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to optimize the power output of the PV modules.
2) An MPPT algorithm is implemented using a DC-DC boost converter to ensure the PV modules operate at their maximum power point despite changing solar irradiance and weather.
3) The boost converter feeds a three-level inverter to convert the DC power to AC and synchronize it with the utility grid frequency. The model is studied under varying solar conditions.
IRJET - Implementation of Simulink and Hardware System of MPPT by using F...IRJET Journal
This document presents the design and modeling of a fuzzy logic controller for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in a photovoltaic system. Matlab/Simulink was used to model the system components including a PV module, buck converter, and fuzzy logic controller. A perturb and observe controller was also modeled for comparison. Simulation results showed the fuzzy logic controller had faster settling time, lower power losses, and less oscillation at the operating point compared to the perturb and observe controller. The fuzzy logic controller structure, algorithm design, and simulation results are described in detail.
Enhancing Solar Photovoltaic System Efficiency A Comparative Analysis of Inte...ijtsrd
Solar energy is a potential energy source in India and its application is ever increasing. In solar PV application, the photovoltaic module is needed to harvest this kind of energy. The PV module exhibit nonlinear I–V and P– V characteristics. The maximum power produced varies with both irradiance and temperature. The maximum efficiency is achieved when PV works at its maximum power point which can be obtained by using suitable MPPT algorithm. Most of PV systems use conventional MPPT methods such as incremental conductance IC and perturb and observe P and O . With the advanced in control technology, the intelligent control techniques are commonly used in all areas. A conventional MPPT controller is used to maximise the conversion efficiency under normal conditions but fails in abnormal conditions. This paper proposes an intelligent ANN PandO MPPT controller for the Boost converter that utilises the effective regions of both ANN and PandO methods to identify the global maximum point in order to improve the conversion efficiency of a PV system and a comparative simulation study of three MPPT algorithms specifically i perturb and observe, ii artificial neural network ANN , and iii NN – PandO. MATLAB SIMULINK software is used to test how well the controller works in unusual situations and compare it to its individual counterparts. Bashab Mazumder | Samina Elyas Mubeen "Enhancing Solar Photovoltaic System Efficiency: A Comparative Analysis of Intelligent ANN-P&O MPPT Controller against Traditional Algorithms" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd61318.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/61318/enhancing-solar-photovoltaic-system-efficiency-a-comparative-analysis-of-intelligent-annpando-mppt-controller-against-traditional-algorithms/bashab-mazumder
To Study, Analyse and Implement MPPT PandO Based Photovoltaic PV System using...ijtsrd
In order to extract maximum power from a Photovoltaic PV screen, a different Maximum Power Point Tracking MPPT algorithm has been developed, among which the Perturb and Observe PandO MPPT algorithm is commonly used. The PandO algorithm may be done either by direct duty ratio or by voltage comparison power. Both have time monitoring and oscillation disadvantages across the MPP. In this case, the reference voltage produced by the algorithm is fed to the controller PI PID to produce the corresponding duty ratio. The PID controller gains are determined under the normal test conditions STC 1000 W m2, 25°C of the PV panel and the same values are used for other operating conditions which do not offer satisfactory results under different operating conditions. In this article, an adaptive approach is suggested for the measurement of gains for controllers under varying operating conditions without the use of external sensors. The suggested approach defines a linear association between the PID gains measured for the STC and those for other operating conditions, and this relationship adapts the PID gains for various operating conditions. The models and experimental findings demonstrate that the suggested adaptive system specifically measures the maximum power and optimizes the disruption characteristics. Raghavendera Kumar | Pramod Kumar Rathore "To Study, Analyse and Implement MPPT-P&O Based Photovoltaic (PV) System using PID Controller" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51828.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/51828/to-study-analyse-and-implement-mpptpando-based-photovoltaic-pv-system-using-pid-controller/raghavendera-kumar
Modelling and Simulation of Perturbation and Observation MPPT Algorithm for P...IJMTST Journal
Renewable energy has too much attention over past few years specially solar energy. Photovoltaic is a
technique in which solar energy is converted into electrical energy (DC). As we know conventional energy is
limited so we are trying to improve the uses of renewable energy like solar energy, hydel energy, and tidal
energy. A single cell of photovoltaic has still very low output so it is necessary to improve the performance
and reduce the cost. The model of photovoltaic presented in this paper can be used to visualize its output
characteristics which are I-V characteristics and P-V characteristics under different irradiation level and
temperature. In this paper MPPT- Maximum power point tracking is a method in which changing the ratio
between current and voltage delivered to get power by tracking one maximum power point from array input.
Here the system developed by combining (PV) photovoltaic module and DC-DC boost converter. There is a
detail discussion of DC-DC boost converter and perturbation and observation (P&O) MPPT algorithm.
Perturbation and observation (P&O) principal is to create a perturbation by increasing or decreasing the duty
cycle of DC-DC boost converter and observe the change in PV output. Used algorithm is to track MPPs because
it performance very small control under rapid changes. This is experimentally verified by modelling the PV
system with MPPT algorithm in MATLAB/Simulink Software.
Simulation of Optimal Control Strategy for a Solar Photovoltaic Power Systemijtsrd
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) to control a single-stage solar photovoltaic power system connected to the grid through an LCL filter. The Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm is used to track the maximum power point of the solar panels and regulate the fluctuating DC bus voltage. Simulation results in MATLAB are presented and show the system response under different conditions like load variations, insolation changes, and load switching. The results include voltages, currents, and power measurements that indicate the system successfully tracks the maximum power point and regulates the DC bus voltage under different operating conditions.
Comparison of Maximum Power Point Technique for Solar Photovoltaic ArrayIRJET Journal
This document compares two maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques - incremental conductance and perturb and observe algorithms. It summarizes the modeling of a solar photovoltaic module and the use of a DC-DC converter along with an MPPT control mechanism to extract maximum available power from the solar panel under different irradiance conditions. The algorithms are implemented using MATLAB simulations. The perturb and observe algorithm uses duty cycle adjustments to approach the MPP based on the slope of the power-voltage curve. The incremental conductance method matches the PV array impedance to the converter impedance by increasing or decreasing duty cycle. A buck converter configuration is used for MPPT tracking in the simulations.
Maximum Power Point Tracking Technologies for Photovoltaic Efficiency Improve...IRJET Journal
This document discusses maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technologies used to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic systems. It begins by introducing the need for MPPT to extract maximum available power from solar panels given varying light and temperature conditions. It then describes modeling of solar cells and modules, and the use of DC-DC boost converters connected to MPPT controllers to vary output voltage for optimal power. The document simulates and evaluates the performance of a perturb and observe MPPT algorithm under changing light levels, showing it successfully tracks maximum power points.
IRJET- Design Simulation and Control of Utility Grid Connected Solar Photovol...IRJET Journal
1) The document describes a MATLAB model of a utility grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) array system. It uses maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to optimize the power output of the PV modules.
2) An MPPT algorithm is implemented using a DC-DC boost converter to ensure the PV modules operate at their maximum power point despite changing solar irradiance and weather.
3) The boost converter feeds a three-level inverter to convert the DC power to AC and synchronize it with the utility grid frequency. The model is studied under varying solar conditions.
IRJET - Implementation of Simulink and Hardware System of MPPT by using F...IRJET Journal
This document presents the design and modeling of a fuzzy logic controller for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in a photovoltaic system. Matlab/Simulink was used to model the system components including a PV module, buck converter, and fuzzy logic controller. A perturb and observe controller was also modeled for comparison. Simulation results showed the fuzzy logic controller had faster settling time, lower power losses, and less oscillation at the operating point compared to the perturb and observe controller. The fuzzy logic controller structure, algorithm design, and simulation results are described in detail.
A multi converter based pure solar energy system with high efficiency mppt conIAEME Publication
1) The document proposes a new multi-converter based pure solar energy system with a high efficiency MPPT controller.
2) It uses a hybrid bridge resonant DC-DC converter to track the maximum power point from the solar panels and regulate the output voltage. A bidirectional DC-DC converter is used to charge and discharge the battery.
3) A multi-level inverter converts the DC output to AC voltage that is regulated and can power standalone loads or be connected to the grid. MATLAB simulations were used to validate the overall system design.
Nonlinear Current Controller for a Single Phase Grid Connected Photovoltaic S...IRJET Journal
This document presents a nonlinear current control method for a single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. Partial feedback linearization is used to design the controller, which linearizes the system partially and enables controller design. The controller regulates the inverter switches to track the reference current from the maximum power point tracking system. Simulation results show the proposed controller performs well under changing conditions like atmospheric changes and faults, regulating the grid current better than hysteresis control. Experimental validation of the control scheme is also presented.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PERTURB AND OBSERVE MPPT OF PV SYSTEM WITH DIRECT CONTROL M...eeiej_journal
The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is a technique used in power electronic circuits to extract
maximum energy from the Photovoltaic (PV) Systems. In the recent decades, photovoltaic power generation
has become more important due its many benefits such as needs a few maintenance and environmental
advantages and fuel free. However, there are two major barriers for the use of PV systems, low energy
conversion efficiency and high initial cost. To improve the energy efficiency, it is important to work PV
system always at its maximum power point. So far, many researches are conducted and many papers were
published and suggested different methods for extracting maximum power point. This paper presents in
details implementation of Perturb and Observe MPPT using buck and buck-boost Converters. Some results
such as current, voltage and output power for each various combination have been recorded
IRJET- High Accurate Sensorless Dual Axis Solar Tracking System Controlle...IRJET Journal
1. The document describes a high accurate sensorless dual axis solar tracking system controlled by a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for microgrid applications.
2. An MPPT uses an algorithm like perturb and observe to adjust the operating point of a photovoltaic system to maximize power extraction from the solar panels despite changing temperature and irradiance conditions.
3. The proposed system uses a boost converter controlled by an MPPT to boost the voltage from the PV panels, and a dual axis solar tracker to optimize the panel orientation for maximum sunlight exposure.
An Overview of MPPT for Photovoltaic Panels Using Various Artificial Intellig...IRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques for photovoltaic panels using artificial intelligence methods. It discusses photovoltaic systems and components like PV panels and DC-DC converters. It then summarizes several common MPPT techniques including fractional open-circuit voltage, perturb and observe, and incremental conductance. Finally, it outlines different artificial intelligence approaches that can be combined with PV systems and MPPT, such as artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic, and particle swarm optimization. The document aims to compare various MPPT and AI techniques to effectively maximize power output from PV systems.
Modeling of Photo Voltaic Module under Partial Shaded Conditions Using PSO MP...IJMTST Journal
In this paper a modified BOOST converter is presented for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with PI
controller to improve the performance of PV system. SEPI converter is proposed as interface between load and
PV module array as DC-DC converter. Whichis more advantageous over boost converter for step up and step
down operations. The P&O and PSO based BOOST converter proposed are main key factors for high
efficiency output at foul weather conditions. The MATLAB/SIMULINK power system tool box will be used to
stimulate the proposed system.
A Multilevel Inverter with MPPT Control for Drifting Analysis and Improved Po...IRJET Journal
This document presents a voltage sensor-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control algorithm for a multilevel inverter photovoltaic system. The MPPT algorithm uses only the output voltage measurement to track the maximum power point and regulates the battery charge. Simulation results show that the algorithm achieves fast tracking of changes in solar irradiance and load variations. The paper also analyzes the steady-state behavior and drift phenomenon of the MPPT algorithm to evaluate tracking efficiency. A 15-level asymmetric cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology is proposed to reduce output voltage harmonics and improve the voltage range from the PV array.
Integral sliding-mode controller for maximum power point tracking in the grid...IJECEIAES
The output power generated in the photovoltaic modules depends both on the solar radiation and the temperature of the solar cells. To maximize the efficiency of the system, it is required to monitor the maximum power point of the photovoltaic system. For this purpose, monitoring the maximum power point (MPPT) of photovoltaic systems should be as quick and accurately as possible for increasing energy production, which ultimately increases the cost-efficiency of the photovoltaic system. This paper proposes a new approach for MPPT) using the concept of the integral sliding mode controller (ISMC) to ensure fast and precise monitoring of the peak power. The performance of the ISMC is significantly influenced by the choice of the sliding surface. To assess the reliability ISMC control, the results have been compared with those of a PI controller. The results obtained are used to evaluate the performance of the ISMC strategy under different climatic conditions. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed solution is confirmed using simulations in PSIM tools and experimental results were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Performance of Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm based Photovoltaic Arra...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that models and simulates a hybrid microgrid system interconnected with a photovoltaic array and utility grid. It uses a DC-DC boost converter controlled by an incremental conductance maximum power point tracking algorithm connected to the photovoltaic panels. A three-phase three-level inverter with IGBT switches is used to convert the DC power to AC power that is synchronized to the utility grid using a phase locked loop control algorithm. The system is simulated under varying sunlight conditions and the desired results are obtained, demonstrating effective maximum power point tracking and grid integration of solar power.
Modeling and Simulation of PV Array in Matlab/Simulink for Comparison of Pert...IRJET Journal
This document describes modeling and simulation of a PV array in MATLAB/Simulink to compare the perturb and observe and incremental conductance MPPT algorithms using a buck converter. It presents the basic equations for modeling a PV cell and array, and describes how the perturb and observe and incremental conductance MPPT algorithms work to track the maximum power point. The simulation results show that the incremental conductance algorithm tracks the maximum power point more accurately than the perturb and observe algorithm. A buck converter topology is used to interface the PV array with the load for testing the MPPT algorithms.
Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic Array with MPPT Matlab Simulationijtsrd
Now a days, due to the problem of generation of electricity and consumption required is not sufficient so, solar generation system is essential. Nowadays, with generates electricity to match the required demand. So this paper is important. Here using, 1 Soltech 1STH 215 P solar panel in SIMULINK. In this paper we are control the renewable energy based solar photovoltaic system using MATLAB. The grid connected MATLAB model is studied under solar radiation and changing weather condition. In this we generate excess amount of electricity and send to the utility grid. Here we used MPPT technique which is implemented in DC DC step up converter to permit P V module to give power at maximum power point. The output of this converter is given to the 3 level inverter and it synchronized the utility grid. Payal Ganvir | Radharaman Shaha ""Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic Array with MPPT Matlab Simulation"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23832.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/23832/grid-connected-solar-photovoltaic-array-with-mppt-matlab-simulation/payal-ganvir
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a variable step incremental conductance (VSIC) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The VSIC method aims to improve both the tracking speed and accuracy of the traditional incremental conductance (IC) method by varying the step size according to how far the operating power point is from the maximum power point. Simulation results presented in the paper show that the VSIC method achieves better tracking performance than the IC method with fixed step sizes, obtaining higher average power output while reducing voltage and current ripples near the maximum power point.
IRJET- Various MPPT Techniques for Solar PV SystemIRJET Journal
This document discusses various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques used in solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. It describes the need for MPPT controllers to extract maximum available power from PV arrays and compares different MPPT algorithms, including Perturb and Observe (P&O), Incremental Conductance (INC), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Fuzzy Logic Controller. For each technique, the document outlines the basic principles, methodology, advantages, and limitations. It concludes that MPPT is crucial for improving PV system efficiency and that the appropriate choice of MPPT method depends on the specific PV system application.
simulation and hardware implementation of grid connected solar charge control...editor1knowledgecuddle
This document summarizes a study on simulating and implementing a grid-connected solar charge controller with maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Key points:
- A DC-DC boost converter and MPPT algorithm are used to extract maximum power from solar photovoltaic modules and regulate the output voltage.
- The system is simulated in PSIM software and hardware results are compared, showing solar panel efficiencies increased to near 85% using a dither routine MPPT algorithm.
- Hardware implementation of an open loop DC-DC boost converter is presented and testing shows efficiencies can reach 90% with a PIC microcontroller implementing MPPT logic.
Real Time Implementation of Variable Step Size Based P&O MPPT for PV Systems ...IJPEDS-IAES
Nowadays Solar energy is an important energy source due to the energy crisis and environment pollution. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm improves the utilization efficiency of a photovoltaic systems. In this paper an improved P&O MPPT algorithm is developed and simulated using MATLAB / SIMULINK to control the DC/DC buck converter. The obtained simulink model is also verified using dspace tool. Both the simulated and experimental results are validated by also comparing them with conventional MPPT methods. The performance measures show the increase in the efficiency of PV system by the proposed model.
A Literature Review On Industrially Accepted MPPT Techniques For Solar PV SystemMary Calkins
This document provides a literature review of commonly used maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques for solar photovoltaic systems. It discusses four main MPPT algorithms: conventional perturb and observe, modified adaptive perturb and observe, incremental conductance, and modified incremental conductance. For each technique, the document explains the algorithm, methodology for achieving maximum power point, and flow charts. It evaluates the performance of the different MPPT methods under varying operating conditions and their suitability for industrial applications.
Particle Swarm Optimization PSO Algorithm Based MPPT for PV System Operating ...ijtsrd
With ever increasing demand, solar energy has emerged as one of the most significant renewable energy sources consequently, operating photovoltaic panels to maximize efficiency is vital. However, solar panels have difficulties, such as the Partial Shading Condition, which has a substantial influence on the efficiency of the PV system. MPPT plays a critical role in improving the power of PV systems. PV trajectories will be diverse and exceedingly complicated due to the numerous peaks accessible during PSC. Traditional MPPT approaches will fail to achieve the Global Maximum Power Point and instead will linger at the Local Maximum Peak Point, decreasing the PV modules efficiency and performance. The Particle Swarm Optimization technique is used in this work to determine the GM PP by measuring peak power. In terms of Maximum Power Point, this approach offers a high degree of reliability, robustness, and proficiency. MATLAB Simulink is used to verify the suggested approach. Sarad Kumar | Pramod Kumar Rathore "Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm Based MPPT for PV System Operating under Partial Shading Condition" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52182.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/52182/particle-swarm-optimization-pso-algorithm-based-mppt-for-pv-system-operating-under-partial-shading-condition/sarad-kumar
IRJET- Maximum Power Point Technique (MPPT) for PV System based on Improv...IRJET Journal
This document presents an improved maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for photovoltaic systems based on the perturbation and observation (P&O) method with a proportional-integral (PI) controller. The conventional P&O MPPT algorithm is simple but suffers from power oscillations near the maximum power point and slow tracking of changes. The improved method aims to reduce these issues by adding a PI controller to the P&O algorithm. Simulation results show that the improved method has better MPPT tracking effects and slightly higher efficiency compared to the conventional P&O method by reducing power point ripples under stable and changing environmental conditions.
This document summarizes research on using a buck-boost converter with perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques to optimize the performance of a photovoltaic (PV) system. It first provides background on the need for solar energy and MPPT. It then describes using a buck-boost converter to match the source and load impedances in order to improve efficiency. The document outlines the P&O MPPT algorithm and its implementation using a microcontroller to control the buck-boost converter duty cycle and continuously adjust it to track the maximum power point of the PV module. Simulation results showing the output voltage and ripple voltage of the buck-boost converter operating in buck and boost modes are
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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The output power generated in the photovoltaic modules depends both on the solar radiation and the temperature of the solar cells. To maximize the efficiency of the system, it is required to monitor the maximum power point of the photovoltaic system. For this purpose, monitoring the maximum power point (MPPT) of photovoltaic systems should be as quick and accurately as possible for increasing energy production, which ultimately increases the cost-efficiency of the photovoltaic system. This paper proposes a new approach for MPPT) using the concept of the integral sliding mode controller (ISMC) to ensure fast and precise monitoring of the peak power. The performance of the ISMC is significantly influenced by the choice of the sliding surface. To assess the reliability ISMC control, the results have been compared with those of a PI controller. The results obtained are used to evaluate the performance of the ISMC strategy under different climatic conditions. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed solution is confirmed using simulations in PSIM tools and experimental results were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic Array with MPPT Matlab Simulationijtsrd
Now a days, due to the problem of generation of electricity and consumption required is not sufficient so, solar generation system is essential. Nowadays, with generates electricity to match the required demand. So this paper is important. Here using, 1 Soltech 1STH 215 P solar panel in SIMULINK. In this paper we are control the renewable energy based solar photovoltaic system using MATLAB. The grid connected MATLAB model is studied under solar radiation and changing weather condition. In this we generate excess amount of electricity and send to the utility grid. Here we used MPPT technique which is implemented in DC DC step up converter to permit P V module to give power at maximum power point. The output of this converter is given to the 3 level inverter and it synchronized the utility grid. Payal Ganvir | Radharaman Shaha ""Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic Array with MPPT Matlab Simulation"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23832.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/23832/grid-connected-solar-photovoltaic-array-with-mppt-matlab-simulation/payal-ganvir
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
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Nowadays Solar energy is an important energy source due to the energy crisis and environment pollution. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm improves the utilization efficiency of a photovoltaic systems. In this paper an improved P&O MPPT algorithm is developed and simulated using MATLAB / SIMULINK to control the DC/DC buck converter. The obtained simulink model is also verified using dspace tool. Both the simulated and experimental results are validated by also comparing them with conventional MPPT methods. The performance measures show the increase in the efficiency of PV system by the proposed model.
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Particle Swarm Optimization PSO Algorithm Based MPPT for PV System Operating ...ijtsrd
With ever increasing demand, solar energy has emerged as one of the most significant renewable energy sources consequently, operating photovoltaic panels to maximize efficiency is vital. However, solar panels have difficulties, such as the Partial Shading Condition, which has a substantial influence on the efficiency of the PV system. MPPT plays a critical role in improving the power of PV systems. PV trajectories will be diverse and exceedingly complicated due to the numerous peaks accessible during PSC. Traditional MPPT approaches will fail to achieve the Global Maximum Power Point and instead will linger at the Local Maximum Peak Point, decreasing the PV modules efficiency and performance. The Particle Swarm Optimization technique is used in this work to determine the GM PP by measuring peak power. In terms of Maximum Power Point, this approach offers a high degree of reliability, robustness, and proficiency. MATLAB Simulink is used to verify the suggested approach. Sarad Kumar | Pramod Kumar Rathore "Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm Based MPPT for PV System Operating under Partial Shading Condition" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52182.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/52182/particle-swarm-optimization-pso-algorithm-based-mppt-for-pv-system-operating-under-partial-shading-condition/sarad-kumar
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This document presents an improved maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for photovoltaic systems based on the perturbation and observation (P&O) method with a proportional-integral (PI) controller. The conventional P&O MPPT algorithm is simple but suffers from power oscillations near the maximum power point and slow tracking of changes. The improved method aims to reduce these issues by adding a PI controller to the P&O algorithm. Simulation results show that the improved method has better MPPT tracking effects and slightly higher efficiency compared to the conventional P&O method by reducing power point ripples under stable and changing environmental conditions.
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‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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and current (I) which will be fed into the load [3]. The
voltage power characteristic of a photovoltaic (PV)
array is nonlinear and time varying because of the
changes caused by the atmospheric conditions. When
the solar radiation and temperature varies the output
power of the PV module also changes. In order to
obtain the maximum efficiency of the PV module, it
must operate at the maximum point of the PV
characteristic. The most extreme power point relies
upon the temperature and irradiance which are non-
direct in nature. The greatest power point following
control framework is utilized and work viability on
the non-straight varieties in the parameters, such as
temperature and radiations [4]. A MPPT is used for
extracting the maximum power from the solar PV
module and transferring that power to the load. A
dc/dc converter (boost converter) serves the purpose
of transferring maximum power from the solar PV
module to the load. A dc/dc converter acts as an
interface between the load and the module. The dc/dc
converter with maximum power point tracking
algorithm and the load is shown in Fig. 1. By
changing the duty cycle, the load impedance as seen
by the source is varied and matched at the point of the
peak power with the source so as to transfer the
maximum power. Therefore, MPPT techniques are
needed to maintain the PV array’s operating at its
MPP [3]. In this paper, two most popular of MPPT
technique (Perturb and Observe (P&O) methods and
artificial neural network (ANN) methods and dc-dc
converter will be involved in comparative study.
MPPT
DC
DC
PV module Load
Fig. 1 Block Diagram of PV System with MPPT
III. MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING
Most extreme Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is helpful apparatus in PV application. Sun oriented radiation and
temperature are the primary factor for which the electric power provided by a photovoltaic framework. The
voltage at which PV module can create greatest power is called 'most extreme power point ( pinnacle control
voltage). The primary rule of MPPT is in charge of separating the greatest conceivable power from the
photovoltaic and feed it to the heap by means of dc to dc converter which steps up/ down the voltage to required
size [5]. There are many maximum power point techniques. Among them, two MPPT techniques of ANN,
perturb and observe (P&O) have been selected for the purpose of comparison in this paper.
A. DC/DC Boost Converter
The dc-dc converter is used to supply a regulated dc output with the given dc input. These are widely used as an
interface between the photovoltaic panel and the load in photovoltaic generating systems. The load must be
adjusted to match the current and voltage of the solar panel so as to deliver maximum power. The dc/dc
converters are described as power electronic switching circuits. It converts one form of voltage to other. These
may be applicable for conversion of different voltage levels. Fig.2 shows the circuit diagram of dc-dc boost
convertor [7].
Fig. 2 Circuit Diagram of Boost Converter
The dc-dc boost converter circuit consists of Inductor (L), Diode (D), Capacitor (C), load resistor (RL), the
control switch(S). These components are connected in such a way with the input voltage source (Vin) so as to
step up the voltage. The output voltage of the boost converter is controlled by the duty cycle of the switch.
Hence by varying the ON time of the switch, the output voltage can be varied. The relationships of input voltage,
output voltage and duty cycle are as follow:
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
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(1)
Where, Vin, Vo are the input and output voltage of the converter and D is the duty cycle of the control switch.
B. DC/DC Buck-Boost Converter
A buck-boost converter is a type of dc-dc converter that has an output voltage magnitude either greater than or
less than the magnitude of the input voltage magnitude. It’s described by a voltage source connected in parallel to
an inductor, a reverse-biased free- wheeling diode, a capacitor, and a load of resistance R at the output terminal.
In MPPT with ANN technique, Vmppt will be lower than the input voltages in some conditions. Thus buck/boost
converter is more favorable than boost converter for ANN technique [7].
Fig. 3 Circuit Diagram of Boost Converter
(2)
Where, Vin, Vo are the input and output voltage of the converter and D is the duty cycle of the control switch.
C. ANN Technique
The ANN control system has to be trained before being used in the photovoltaic system. The neural network is a
powerful technique for mapping the input-output nonlinear function. The network tries to simulate its learning
process through the various input fed to it during each cycle of data interpretation. It changes its structure based
on the internal and external information that flows in and out of the network system.
The ANN control framework must be prepared before being utilized in the photovoltaic framework. The neural
system is an incredible method for mapping the info yield nonlinear capacity. In the proposed structure, a two
layer falling neural system method is fused that predicts the PV exhibit voltage at which the most extreme power
is achievable. These build up a non-direct connection between the information and yield with a concealed layer
that capacities with inclinations like neurons of the our mind. The hidden layer in the model is a two layer neural
network. This is then sent to layer 1 with 50 neurons where a process input synthesizes the signal with weights
and generates a tangent sigmoid transfer function. The output of layer 1 is the input for layer 2 with another set
of 50 neurons that assigns weightage to the values and generates a pure linear transfer function [8].
Fig.4. MPPT System with ANN Controller
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D. Perturb and Observe (P&O) Technique
Fig. 5 State-flow Chart of P&O MPPT Technique
P&O is the most often utilized method to follow the greatest power because of its straightforward structure. This
method works by intermittently irritating the PV module terminal voltage and contrasting the PV yield control
and that of the past annoyance cycle [1]. As shown in Fig. 5 if the PV module operating voltage changes and
power increases the control system moves the operating point in that direction; otherwise, the operating point is
moved in the opposite direction.
IV. SIMULATION AND RESULTS
After modeling the Stand-Alone PV System, the comparative analysis of Maximum Power Point Tracking
Algorithms is analysed. The simulation models for Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithms are executed
with MATLAB/Simulink version R2019a. The simulation results of Maximum Power Point Tracking
Algorithms for all the schemes are shown in the following sections.
Fig 6. MATLAB/ Simulink Hybrid NN – P&O MPPT Algorithm for Solar PV System
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To analyse the performance of the output voltages, the output currents and the output power are measured as
shown. The PV parameters of the system are shown in Table I.
TABLE I PV PARAMETERS
Parameters Specifications
Maximum power, Pm 250 W
Series-connected modules per string 1 nos
Parallel strings 1 nos
Cells per module (Ncell) 60
Maximum power voltage, Vpm 30.7 V
Maximum power current, Ipm 8.15 A
Open circuit voltage, Voc 37.3V
Short circuit current, Ise 8.66 A
A. Simulation Results with Different Algorithms
For comparative study with different algorithms, three algorithms are applied for MPP tracking in this research
as (i) Perturb and Observe (P and O) method, (ii) ANN method And NN – P&O. The simulation results for
different algorithms under standard condition, 1000 W/m2 irradiation and C temperature are shown in the
following figures.
(a). Voltage
(b). Current
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(c). Power
(d). Duty Cycle
Fig 7. PV Output (a) Voltage, (b) Current, (c) Power & (d) Duty Cycle with P&O Method.
(a). Voltage
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(b). Current
(c). Power
(d). Duty Cycle
Fig 8. PV Output (a) Voltage, (b) Current, (c) Power & (d) Duty Cycle with ANN Method.
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(a). Voltage
(b). Current
(c). Power
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(d). Duty Cycle
Fig 9. PV Output (a) Voltage, (b) Current, (c) Power & (d) Duty Cycle with NN – P&O Method.
Fig 10 Comparison Between all three techniques
Fig. 10 shows comparison for power output variation under the temperature at constant irradiation 1000
W/m2. According to this fig. 10, the power provided and the transient performance by Hybrid NN – P&O is
better compared to P and O method and ANN Method.
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B. Simulation Result Comparisons of MPPT Techniques
The simulation results of output voltage, output current, and output power for temperature of 25ºC and the
irradiation 1000 Wm-2 are shown in Table II. According to the simulation results, in comparison of the three
output powers, the power provided by NN – P&O technique is larger in 1000 W irradiation case.
TABLE II: COMPARISON OF SIMULATION RESULTS FOR 25ºC TEMPERATURE AND 1000
W IRRADIATION
Irradiation (W/m2
) Parameter
Algorithm
ANN P and O Hybrid NN – P&O
1000
Vo (V) 29.8 28.9 30.5
Io (A) 8.0438 8.0096 8.0596
Po (W) 249.1 248.9 249.8
The simulation results of output voltage, output current and output power for temperature of 25ºC and the
irradiation of 1000 Wm-2 are shown in Table III.
TABLE III: COMPARISON OF SIMULATION RESULTS FOR 1000 WM-2 IRRADIATIONS AND
TEMPERATURE
Temperature (ºC) Parameter
Algorithm
ANN P and O Hybrid NN – P&O
25
Vo (V) 29.8 28.9 30.5
Io (A) 8.0438 8.0096 8.0596
Po (W) 249.1 248.9 249.8
According to the simulation results. In comparison of the other two output powers, the power provided by NN –
P&O technique is larger in the temperature case.
V. Conclusion
Simulation results for ANN, P&O, and Hybrid NN–
P&O methods presented in this thesis show that the
Hybrid ANN-P&O controller tracks the Maximum
Power Point (MPP) quickly compared to the
individual P&O controller and ANN controller. The
NN–P&O method is very fast and precise in finding
and tracking the MPP in the case of rapidly changing
solar irradiation. Furthermore, this method can stably
extract the maximum power point under slowly
changing solar irradiation, and efficiency is better
with the combination of the improved P&O-ANN
method. On the other hand, the ANN method can
maintain its output voltage close to its maximum
power voltage (Vmp) and thus can provide more
power than the P and O methods. Again, the ANN
technique exhibits better transient response and
reaches steady state conditions more quickly. On the
contrary, when irradiation changes fast in a short
time, the P & O method fails to track the MPP. Also,
this method has high oscillation around MPP under
slow changing solar irradiation, which leads to high
power loss in the long term.
VI. Future Scope
The possibility to combine two or more
renewable energy sources, based on the natural
local potential of the users.
Combinations of algorithms and controllers, like
PSO, GA, Fuzzy Logic, and ANFIS, can be used
to make PV systems work more efficiently.
Environmental protection especially in terms of
carbon dioxide emissions reduction.
Low-cost wind energy and solar energy can be
competitive with nuclear, coal, and gas energy,
especially considering possible future cost trends
for fossil and nuclear energy. Diversity and
security of supply Quick deployment: modular
and easy to install.
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