Types of Anaemia

1. ANAEMIAS
Department of Pharmacology, KAMPTEE

2. Anaemia
 In anaemia there is not enough haemoglobin
available to carry sufficient oxygen
 Rate of production of mature cell entering the
blood from red bone marrow does not keep
pace with rate of haemolysis

3. Anaemia
Impaired
erythrocyte
production
Iron
deficiency
anaemia
Megalobla
stic
anaemia
Hypoplastic
/Aplastic
anaemia
Increased
erythrocyte
loss
Haemolyti
c anaemia
Acquired
haemolytic
anaemia
Normocyt
ic
anaemia

4. 1. Impaired erythrocyte production
A. Iron deficiency anaemia:
-Iron intake in men (1-2 mg) & women (3 mg)
Anaemia
Deficient
intake
High
Requirement
Malabsorption

5. Deficient
intake
• Daily diet
restriction
• Poorly
planned
vegetarian
diet
• Babies
depend on
milk
High
requirement
• In pregnancy
• In chronic
blood loss
• Heavy
menstrual
bleeding in
female
• Carcinoma of
GI tract
Malabsorption
• Absorption is
increased
following
haemorrhage
• Increase
acidic pH
reduce iron
absorption
• Loss of
surface area
of absorption

6. B. Megaloblastic anaemia
- Deficiency of vitamin B12 and/or folic acid impairs
erythrocyte maturation
Anaemia
Pernicious
anaemia
Dietary
deficiency of
vatamin B12
Other
- Gastrectomy
- Chronic Gastritis
- Malabsorption
Folic acid
deficiency

7. C. Hypoplastic/ aplastic anaemia:
o Bone marrow failure
o also leads to leukopenia & thrombocytopenia
o When all three types are low condition is called as
pancytopenia
o Condition is often idiopathic , but the known causes
include
Ionising radiation
Some chemicals- benzene & its derivative
Viral disease including hepatitis
Drugs Ex. Anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant,
some antibiotics

8. 2. Increased erythrocytic loss
A. Haemolytic anaemia
- Congenital Haemolytic anaemia
Congenital Haemolytic
anaemia
Sickle cell anaemia
-Hb molecule become
mis-shapen
- Life span of cell
reduced (early
haemolysis)
Thalassaemia
- Reduced globin
synthesis with reduced
Hb production &
increased fragality of
cell membrane leading
to haemolysis

9. B. Acquired haemolytic anaemia
Chemical
agent
• Drug-
sulphonamide
• Toxin produced by
microbes
Autoimmune
Blood
transfusion
reaction
Other causes
• Malaeria
• Ionising radiation
• Severe burn
• Physical damage to
cell

10. C. Normocytic anaemia
- Cells are normal but number is reduced
This occurs:
- In many chronic condition (chronic inflammation)
- Following severe haemorrhage
- in hemolytic disease

11. Thank You………
Nothing is in our control
but the action is….