One of the most important elements involved in the development of countries is teachers. Therefore, developing countries should pay attention to training good teachers. Thus, the purpose of this study was to present the opinions of teachers and prospective teachers on the “teaching experience” course. The study is based on a qualitative research. The data were collected from 84 teachers in Şanlıurfa, an eastern city of Turkey and 88 prospective teachers (undergraduate seniors) studying at Mersin University, Turkey. Semi-structured interview form was utilized to collect the required data. Besides, content analysis was applied in the study. The data have been expressed in numbers. Results have displayed that there are problems arising from the stakeholders in the “teaching experience” lesson. The types of schools attending internships are not inclusive. Not all stakeholders are working cooperatively. Moreover, the following suggestions were accordingly put forward: 1) The internship duration can be extended; 2) Applications covering all types of schools should be added; and 3) Stakeholders should be encouraged to work in a collaborative way.
Problems such as impracticability and ineffectiveness are encountered in practice in-service training for teachers in Turkey.Although several suggestions have been proposed, the problems still remain. This study illustrates a new way for the development of in-service training, with high school teachers’ opinions, which is in-service trainings enhanced with adult learning characteristics. The participants were determined randomly and administered a 25-item Likert type survey. Results of the survey evaluated statistically by applying t-test and ANOVA. It is found that there is statistically significant difference between teachers in terms of gender, age, seniority and subject field variables. On the basis of the whole paper, teachers are enthusiastic to take part in in-service trainings enhanced with adult learning features rather than traditional ones. At the end of the paper, it is recommended that while preparing in-service training, demographic differences among teachers should be taken into account.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between teachers’ pedagogical knowledge, learning facilities and the teaching quality of teachers in the Ulul Albab Tahfiz Model (TMUA) schools in Malaysia. The data were collected using a set of questionnaires which probed on the respondents’ demographic information as well as on their pedagogical knowledge, learning facilities and teaching quality. The respondents comprised of 144 teachers from three schools involved in TMUA program. The data obtained were processed and analysed through the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results show that there is a significant relationship between teachers’ pedagogical knowledge, educational facilities and the quality of teaching. The implication of this study is that teachers are aware of the importance of pedagogical knowledge in improving teaching quality when implementing the TMUA program.
This research aimed to reveal the views of secondary school students on ideal teacher qualifications. For this purpose, research was carried out in a phenomenological pattern, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The study was carried out with 76 students who were studying in a secondary school in the 2017-2018 academic year. The data were obtained with the repertory grid technique and interview technique. As a result of the analysis of the data, it was seen that the qualifications of the teachers considered ideal by the participants were among the general competencies of the teaching profession. According to the results of this research, ideally, teachers are expected to provide good and fun lessons, not discriminate among students, be friendly and calm in communications with students, and ensure discipline and democracy in the classroom environment.
Challenges facing staff development and training: A survey of secondary schoo...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges facing staff development and training needs of teachers of English in secondary schools in Kenya with reference to Kericho County. The objective of the study was to describe factors limiting teachers’ participation in staff development and training programmes. In doing this, the study adopted the needs assessment theory and Frederic Herzerberg’s two factor theory of job motivation and satisfaction. Both theories talk of the need for continuous training of staff in order to increase their productivity. Both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies were used in the study. The study used a survey research design. A total of 25 schools, 50 teachers of English, 25 heads of department and 25 head teachers took part in the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the 25 schools out of which two teachers of English from each of the participating schools were randomly picked. All heads of English departments and head teachers of the participating schools took part in the study. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the 50 teachers of English while interview schedules were used to obtain data from the heads of English departments and head teachers. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics like percentages and presented using tables, charts and figures, while qualitative data from the heads of departments and head teachers’ interview schedules was coded and analyzed thematically to establish relationships, trends and patterns from which the researcher drew useful conclusions and recommendations. The study established that most of the teachers fell short of the expected competencies under investigation, an indication of the need for more in-service training for serving teachers. The study also established that there were many factors hindering teachers’ participation in the existing staff development and training programmes. The study recommends that in-service training should be structured, regularized, institutionalized and made compulsory for all teachers of English.
Problems such as impracticability and ineffectiveness are encountered in practice in-service training for teachers in Turkey.Although several suggestions have been proposed, the problems still remain. This study illustrates a new way for the development of in-service training, with high school teachers’ opinions, which is in-service trainings enhanced with adult learning characteristics. The participants were determined randomly and administered a 25-item Likert type survey. Results of the survey evaluated statistically by applying t-test and ANOVA. It is found that there is statistically significant difference between teachers in terms of gender, age, seniority and subject field variables. On the basis of the whole paper, teachers are enthusiastic to take part in in-service trainings enhanced with adult learning features rather than traditional ones. At the end of the paper, it is recommended that while preparing in-service training, demographic differences among teachers should be taken into account.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between teachers’ pedagogical knowledge, learning facilities and the teaching quality of teachers in the Ulul Albab Tahfiz Model (TMUA) schools in Malaysia. The data were collected using a set of questionnaires which probed on the respondents’ demographic information as well as on their pedagogical knowledge, learning facilities and teaching quality. The respondents comprised of 144 teachers from three schools involved in TMUA program. The data obtained were processed and analysed through the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results show that there is a significant relationship between teachers’ pedagogical knowledge, educational facilities and the quality of teaching. The implication of this study is that teachers are aware of the importance of pedagogical knowledge in improving teaching quality when implementing the TMUA program.
This research aimed to reveal the views of secondary school students on ideal teacher qualifications. For this purpose, research was carried out in a phenomenological pattern, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The study was carried out with 76 students who were studying in a secondary school in the 2017-2018 academic year. The data were obtained with the repertory grid technique and interview technique. As a result of the analysis of the data, it was seen that the qualifications of the teachers considered ideal by the participants were among the general competencies of the teaching profession. According to the results of this research, ideally, teachers are expected to provide good and fun lessons, not discriminate among students, be friendly and calm in communications with students, and ensure discipline and democracy in the classroom environment.
Challenges facing staff development and training: A survey of secondary schoo...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges facing staff development and training needs of teachers of English in secondary schools in Kenya with reference to Kericho County. The objective of the study was to describe factors limiting teachers’ participation in staff development and training programmes. In doing this, the study adopted the needs assessment theory and Frederic Herzerberg’s two factor theory of job motivation and satisfaction. Both theories talk of the need for continuous training of staff in order to increase their productivity. Both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies were used in the study. The study used a survey research design. A total of 25 schools, 50 teachers of English, 25 heads of department and 25 head teachers took part in the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the 25 schools out of which two teachers of English from each of the participating schools were randomly picked. All heads of English departments and head teachers of the participating schools took part in the study. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the 50 teachers of English while interview schedules were used to obtain data from the heads of English departments and head teachers. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics like percentages and presented using tables, charts and figures, while qualitative data from the heads of departments and head teachers’ interview schedules was coded and analyzed thematically to establish relationships, trends and patterns from which the researcher drew useful conclusions and recommendations. The study established that most of the teachers fell short of the expected competencies under investigation, an indication of the need for more in-service training for serving teachers. The study also established that there were many factors hindering teachers’ participation in the existing staff development and training programmes. The study recommends that in-service training should be structured, regularized, institutionalized and made compulsory for all teachers of English.
Assessment of Feedback Given by Cooperating Teachers to Student-TeachersPremier Publishers
Effective feedback from cooperating teachers is of paramount importance in promoting student- teachers’ professional development. Taking this into consideration, the current teachers training program requires cooperating teachers to take part in practicum and provide written and oral feedback to student-teachers assigned to them. The current study, therefore, tried to investigate the nature and effectiveness of feedback given by cooperating teachers to student teachers. A questionnaire and interview were used to gather the necessary data. The findings of the study suggest that most of the subjects were satisfied by the practice teaching. The other outcome of the study is that most cooperating teachers observed their student-teachers’ classes very infrequently and gave them insufficient feedback. In addition, the feedback was given mainly orally and its focus was limited to few aspects of teaching. On the basis of these findings, the paper concludes that the feedback given by cooperating teachers is not as supportive and varied as it should be.
This study investigated the relationship between the wellbeing and job
satisfaction of English instructors working at language preparatory programs
offered by Turkish universities. The study also attempted to explore if any
difference between these two variables existed in relation to the teachers’
characteristics, i.e. years of experience, the proficiency level taught and
educational degree. Finally, the reflections of the participants about the
influential factors on their wellbeing and job satisfaction were further
explored in this study. The quantitative data were obtained from 168
participants though teacher wellbeing survey and teacher job satisfaction
survey, whereas the qualitative data came from semi-structured interviews
carried out with 10 volunteers. The results revealed that there was a
statistically significant, positive and moderate relationship between the
participants’ job satisfaction and their wellbeing. Besides, no difference was
found between the participants’ wellbeing and their teacher characteristics.
Similarly, there was no difference between teachers’ predefined
characteristics and their job satisfaction. As for the results of the qualitative
data, personal, organizational, student-related and pandemic-related factors
were found to be influential on the wellbeing and job satisfaction of the
participants. The obtained findings provide pedagogical implications and
suggestions for further research in language education and teacher
development.
The aim of this research was to examine graduate thesis studies conducted in
the field of special education in Turkey about special education teachers in
terms of various variables. In the thesis scanning center of the Council of
Higher Education Center (YOK), it was determined that 89 graduate thesis
studies in the special education field were conducted. Yet, due to the reason
that six of them did not have access permissions, 83 graduate thesis studies
were examined. Of the postgraduate thesis examined, 79 of them are master's
and four are doctoral dissertations. As a result of the research, it was
determined that most of the graduate thesis studies were conducted in 2019.
Moreover, when the distribution of universities is examined it has been
observed that most of the graduate thesis were studied at Necmettin Erbakan
University and Marmara University, and most of the thesis advisor titles are
Assist. Prof. Dr. It was concluded that most of the postgraduate thesis were
carried out in the Special Education Department and when the methods used
in the studies were examined, it was noted that the quantitative method was
preferred the most. Considering the research models used in the studies, it
was concluded that the correlational survey model was used the most and the
sources used in the graduate thesis were mainly domestic sources.
Effects of students attitude towards teaching professionArul Sekar J.M.
The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction effects of gender and programs of study on attitudes of
postgraduate diploma in teaching (PGDT) students towards the teaching profession. The main aim of the study
was to find out whether there are any significant interaction effects of gender and programs of study of PGDT
students’ attitude towards the teaching profession. A descriptive survey was carried out among PGDT students
during the year 2016/2017 regular session with a population of 371 students. The survey was conducted between
science and non-science students in the department of teacher education at Mekelle University, Ethiopia. Using
a stratified random sampling method, 130 student-teachers were selected as samples for the study. A scale entitled
“attitude towards teaching profession” was developed and validated by the researchers based on established
procedures in the literature (Aliyu Musa and Ado Abdu Bichi, 2015). A scale contained 15 items to be scored on
the five-point Likert scale as Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Neutral(N), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree
(SD) was used. The data analysis of descriptive statistics through quantitative analysis by computing SPSS 16.0
(Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) for Windows 10 was employed. Statistical techniques which include
percentage analysis for levels, mean, standard deviation, and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were also
used for data analysis and interpretation. The findings of the two-way ANOVA demonstrated that there are no
significant interaction effects of gender and programs of study on attitude towards the teaching profession of
PGDT students. Correlation analysis of gender and programs of a study indicated that the student teachers’
attitude towards the teaching profession was positively related to gender and programs of study.
Opinions of Teachers about Renewed 3rd and 4th Grade Science Curriculum in Tu...Premier Publishers
Science education aims to improve students’ scientific knowledge and skills. For that reason, the science curriculum should be revised in a feasible and dynamic way for higher quality. The purpose of the present study was to investigate primary school teachers’ opinions on the renewed 3rd and 4th grade course science curriculum. 163 3rd grade and 160 4th grade primary school teachers working in public primary schools in Şanlıurfa during spring of 2014-2015 constituted the study group. The study aimed to determine the teachers’ skills, achievements, theme, activity, measuring and assessment items. The research is a descriptive survey study. The data obtained from the 323 primary school teachers were analyzed by using frequencies, percentages and means via Statistical Package for the Social Sciences T-test and Anova were used for parametric variables; Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney-U were used for non-parametric variables. Cronbach alpha internal reliability coefficients of the scale were found to be 0,949. Findings of the study showed that the revised 3rd and 4th grade course science curriculum was adequate and was appropriate for the 3rd and 4th grade students.
This study purposed to investigate researching anxiety of pre-service teachers
that might want to explain why they are able to learn successfully in the
context of difference in program of study. There were 15 pre-service teachers
in M.Ed. program of teaching science and mathematics voluntary
participated. Learning Anxiety Questionnaire (LAQ) was employed their
anxiety towards learning through Google Form. The study revealed that preservice
teachers
had
anxiety
at
medium
level.
However,
some
of
item
present
they
had
different
level
of
anxiety.
The
effective
learning
for
decreasing
level
anxiety
needs
to
be
more
discussed.
English Language Teacher Knowledge and the Classroom Practicesinventionjournals
This paper previews the research about teacher knowledge and cognition among English Language Teachers and presents a pilot study resting upon the assumption that a gap between teacher professional knowledge and classroom practices exists.10 teachers from a language center volunteered to become the subjects of this study. A sample Teaching Knowledge Test (TKT) part 2, classroom observations, teacher interviews and student feedbackformed the data for this study.
he Lesson Study approach is one of the latest efforts in improving the quality of education in Malaysia.The success of Lesson Study in Japan has inspired us to adapt this approach to the education system of Malaysia. By 2015, the Ministry of Education Malaysia has implemented the approach through the Professional Learning Community (PLC) programme in almost every schoolwith the aimof enhancing the quality of education. The learning community contributes a big impact in the lesson study approach by collaborating, discussing and reflectingin order to improve the development of the teaching and learning process. Since the implementation of Lesson Study in Malaysia is still at an early stage compared to Japan, this article therefore aims to focus on explaining how the implementation of open class and reflection had been carried out in Japan. From the observation of open class and reflection during a school visit inJapan, it is found that they have organised a public open class which involved every class in the school for at least once a year
Teaching Competencies of Elementary Teachers in Northern Samar Basis for Acti...YogeshIJTSRD
In this research, the teaching competencies of elementary school teachers in the Northern Samar based on the National Competency Based Teacher Standards NCBTS . The competencies given by the NCBTS are social regard for learning, learning environment, diversity of learners, curriculum, planning, assessing, and reporting, community linkages, and personal growth and professional development. Findings showed that the school heads rated the teachers to have high competency in personal growth and professional development. They have reflected on the extent of the attainment of professional development goals. The competency of teachers on the curriculum aspect was evaluated by school heads to be satisfactory, different than the high competency evaluation of teachers themselves. The researcher proposed an action plan that may assist the teachers to sustain and enhance their strengths and make their weaknesses become their strengths. Argie L. TY | Felisa L. Sanico "Teaching Competencies of Elementary Teachers in Northern Samar: Basis for Action Plan Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38688.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/38688/teaching-competencies-of-elementary-teachers-in-northern-samar-basis-for-action-plan-development/argie-l-ty
Staff Development and Training Needs That Teachers of English Desire to Parti...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the staff development and training needs that teachers of English desire to participate in with reference to Kericho County. The objective of the study was to: identify the staff development and training programmes that teachers of English desire to participate in, In doing this, the study adopted the needs assessment theory. The theory talks of the need for continuous training of staff in order to increase their productivity. Both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies were used in the study. The study used a survey research design. A total of 25 schools, 50 teachers of English, 25 heads of department and 25 head teachers took part in the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the 25 schools out of which two teachers of English from each of the participating schools were randomly picked. Te study used questionnaires to collect data from the 50 teachers of English. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics like percentages and presented using tables, charts and figures. The study established that there is a discrepancy between the training needs of teachers of English and what was offered through the existing staff development and training programmes. Most of the teachers fell short of the expected competencies under investigation, an indication of the need for more in-service training for serving teachers. The study recommends that a thorough needs assessment should be carried out to clearly establish the training needs of teachers before implementing any training programmes.
In second or foreign language learning, attitudinal factors were one of the key factors that determine language success and achievement. In Indonesia, foreign language (English) has been taught since elementary school, however research showed most Indonesian language learners in English showed unsatisfactorily result. This research aimed at disclosing the students’ attitudinal factors in learning foreign language by exploring their first experience in learning foreign language. This qualitative study employed exploratory case study design to interview students’ attitudinal factors by exploring the students past experience at first time learning foreign language. These students were from different education unit background when they were in elementary school. This study applied thematic analysis to interpret and analyze the data. The findings showed in case of attitudinal factors were categorized into three components that were cognitive, affective, and behavior. In case of cognitive and affective components, those who had good experiences felt happy in their first experience in foreign language and the vice versa. However, both were having similar learning behavior when they serve as an English teacher, they adopted particular learning behavior that was able to make students enjoy the foreign language learning.
In current assessment practice, self-ratings and questionnaires are a dominant tool used to measure the skills called social and emotional skills or non-cognitive skills, although the tools are affected by various biases. In this regard, the anchoring vignette approach was introduced against the biases, correcting individuals’ self-rated responses based on their rating of hypothetical individuals in the scenario. Drawing from students’ self-rated social and emotional skills in mathematics, this paper presented the study which examined the effect of anchoring vignette approach on reliability and correlation by comparing self-rated and vignette-corrected scales. Research participants were Mongolian students in ninth grade (N=308). The participants were administered in two scales: self-ratings for math perseverance and cooperative learning in math, followed by a vignette set. The vignette-corrected scale showed higher reliability than the self-rating scale for both math perseverance and cooperative learning in math. Besides, the vignette-corrected scales for gender and region showed a stronger and more significant correlation than the self-rating scales, suggesting that there might be gender- and region-related differences in the way the students act in math class. In summary, these findings suggest that the anchoring vignette approach has the potential to measure social and emotional or non-cognitive aspects of mathematics in a more reliable way. Future studies could further investigate the reliability and validity of the anchoring vignette approach by including more cultural groups and designing the vignettes while considering various math contents and vignette gender.
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Assessment of Feedback Given by Cooperating Teachers to Student-TeachersPremier Publishers
Effective feedback from cooperating teachers is of paramount importance in promoting student- teachers’ professional development. Taking this into consideration, the current teachers training program requires cooperating teachers to take part in practicum and provide written and oral feedback to student-teachers assigned to them. The current study, therefore, tried to investigate the nature and effectiveness of feedback given by cooperating teachers to student teachers. A questionnaire and interview were used to gather the necessary data. The findings of the study suggest that most of the subjects were satisfied by the practice teaching. The other outcome of the study is that most cooperating teachers observed their student-teachers’ classes very infrequently and gave them insufficient feedback. In addition, the feedback was given mainly orally and its focus was limited to few aspects of teaching. On the basis of these findings, the paper concludes that the feedback given by cooperating teachers is not as supportive and varied as it should be.
This study investigated the relationship between the wellbeing and job
satisfaction of English instructors working at language preparatory programs
offered by Turkish universities. The study also attempted to explore if any
difference between these two variables existed in relation to the teachers’
characteristics, i.e. years of experience, the proficiency level taught and
educational degree. Finally, the reflections of the participants about the
influential factors on their wellbeing and job satisfaction were further
explored in this study. The quantitative data were obtained from 168
participants though teacher wellbeing survey and teacher job satisfaction
survey, whereas the qualitative data came from semi-structured interviews
carried out with 10 volunteers. The results revealed that there was a
statistically significant, positive and moderate relationship between the
participants’ job satisfaction and their wellbeing. Besides, no difference was
found between the participants’ wellbeing and their teacher characteristics.
Similarly, there was no difference between teachers’ predefined
characteristics and their job satisfaction. As for the results of the qualitative
data, personal, organizational, student-related and pandemic-related factors
were found to be influential on the wellbeing and job satisfaction of the
participants. The obtained findings provide pedagogical implications and
suggestions for further research in language education and teacher
development.
The aim of this research was to examine graduate thesis studies conducted in
the field of special education in Turkey about special education teachers in
terms of various variables. In the thesis scanning center of the Council of
Higher Education Center (YOK), it was determined that 89 graduate thesis
studies in the special education field were conducted. Yet, due to the reason
that six of them did not have access permissions, 83 graduate thesis studies
were examined. Of the postgraduate thesis examined, 79 of them are master's
and four are doctoral dissertations. As a result of the research, it was
determined that most of the graduate thesis studies were conducted in 2019.
Moreover, when the distribution of universities is examined it has been
observed that most of the graduate thesis were studied at Necmettin Erbakan
University and Marmara University, and most of the thesis advisor titles are
Assist. Prof. Dr. It was concluded that most of the postgraduate thesis were
carried out in the Special Education Department and when the methods used
in the studies were examined, it was noted that the quantitative method was
preferred the most. Considering the research models used in the studies, it
was concluded that the correlational survey model was used the most and the
sources used in the graduate thesis were mainly domestic sources.
Effects of students attitude towards teaching professionArul Sekar J.M.
The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction effects of gender and programs of study on attitudes of
postgraduate diploma in teaching (PGDT) students towards the teaching profession. The main aim of the study
was to find out whether there are any significant interaction effects of gender and programs of study of PGDT
students’ attitude towards the teaching profession. A descriptive survey was carried out among PGDT students
during the year 2016/2017 regular session with a population of 371 students. The survey was conducted between
science and non-science students in the department of teacher education at Mekelle University, Ethiopia. Using
a stratified random sampling method, 130 student-teachers were selected as samples for the study. A scale entitled
“attitude towards teaching profession” was developed and validated by the researchers based on established
procedures in the literature (Aliyu Musa and Ado Abdu Bichi, 2015). A scale contained 15 items to be scored on
the five-point Likert scale as Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Neutral(N), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree
(SD) was used. The data analysis of descriptive statistics through quantitative analysis by computing SPSS 16.0
(Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) for Windows 10 was employed. Statistical techniques which include
percentage analysis for levels, mean, standard deviation, and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were also
used for data analysis and interpretation. The findings of the two-way ANOVA demonstrated that there are no
significant interaction effects of gender and programs of study on attitude towards the teaching profession of
PGDT students. Correlation analysis of gender and programs of a study indicated that the student teachers’
attitude towards the teaching profession was positively related to gender and programs of study.
Opinions of Teachers about Renewed 3rd and 4th Grade Science Curriculum in Tu...Premier Publishers
Science education aims to improve students’ scientific knowledge and skills. For that reason, the science curriculum should be revised in a feasible and dynamic way for higher quality. The purpose of the present study was to investigate primary school teachers’ opinions on the renewed 3rd and 4th grade course science curriculum. 163 3rd grade and 160 4th grade primary school teachers working in public primary schools in Şanlıurfa during spring of 2014-2015 constituted the study group. The study aimed to determine the teachers’ skills, achievements, theme, activity, measuring and assessment items. The research is a descriptive survey study. The data obtained from the 323 primary school teachers were analyzed by using frequencies, percentages and means via Statistical Package for the Social Sciences T-test and Anova were used for parametric variables; Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney-U were used for non-parametric variables. Cronbach alpha internal reliability coefficients of the scale were found to be 0,949. Findings of the study showed that the revised 3rd and 4th grade course science curriculum was adequate and was appropriate for the 3rd and 4th grade students.
This study purposed to investigate researching anxiety of pre-service teachers
that might want to explain why they are able to learn successfully in the
context of difference in program of study. There were 15 pre-service teachers
in M.Ed. program of teaching science and mathematics voluntary
participated. Learning Anxiety Questionnaire (LAQ) was employed their
anxiety towards learning through Google Form. The study revealed that preservice
teachers
had
anxiety
at
medium
level.
However,
some
of
item
present
they
had
different
level
of
anxiety.
The
effective
learning
for
decreasing
level
anxiety
needs
to
be
more
discussed.
English Language Teacher Knowledge and the Classroom Practicesinventionjournals
This paper previews the research about teacher knowledge and cognition among English Language Teachers and presents a pilot study resting upon the assumption that a gap between teacher professional knowledge and classroom practices exists.10 teachers from a language center volunteered to become the subjects of this study. A sample Teaching Knowledge Test (TKT) part 2, classroom observations, teacher interviews and student feedbackformed the data for this study.
he Lesson Study approach is one of the latest efforts in improving the quality of education in Malaysia.The success of Lesson Study in Japan has inspired us to adapt this approach to the education system of Malaysia. By 2015, the Ministry of Education Malaysia has implemented the approach through the Professional Learning Community (PLC) programme in almost every schoolwith the aimof enhancing the quality of education. The learning community contributes a big impact in the lesson study approach by collaborating, discussing and reflectingin order to improve the development of the teaching and learning process. Since the implementation of Lesson Study in Malaysia is still at an early stage compared to Japan, this article therefore aims to focus on explaining how the implementation of open class and reflection had been carried out in Japan. From the observation of open class and reflection during a school visit inJapan, it is found that they have organised a public open class which involved every class in the school for at least once a year
Teaching Competencies of Elementary Teachers in Northern Samar Basis for Acti...YogeshIJTSRD
In this research, the teaching competencies of elementary school teachers in the Northern Samar based on the National Competency Based Teacher Standards NCBTS . The competencies given by the NCBTS are social regard for learning, learning environment, diversity of learners, curriculum, planning, assessing, and reporting, community linkages, and personal growth and professional development. Findings showed that the school heads rated the teachers to have high competency in personal growth and professional development. They have reflected on the extent of the attainment of professional development goals. The competency of teachers on the curriculum aspect was evaluated by school heads to be satisfactory, different than the high competency evaluation of teachers themselves. The researcher proposed an action plan that may assist the teachers to sustain and enhance their strengths and make their weaknesses become their strengths. Argie L. TY | Felisa L. Sanico "Teaching Competencies of Elementary Teachers in Northern Samar: Basis for Action Plan Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38688.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/38688/teaching-competencies-of-elementary-teachers-in-northern-samar-basis-for-action-plan-development/argie-l-ty
Staff Development and Training Needs That Teachers of English Desire to Parti...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the staff development and training needs that teachers of English desire to participate in with reference to Kericho County. The objective of the study was to: identify the staff development and training programmes that teachers of English desire to participate in, In doing this, the study adopted the needs assessment theory. The theory talks of the need for continuous training of staff in order to increase their productivity. Both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies were used in the study. The study used a survey research design. A total of 25 schools, 50 teachers of English, 25 heads of department and 25 head teachers took part in the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the 25 schools out of which two teachers of English from each of the participating schools were randomly picked. Te study used questionnaires to collect data from the 50 teachers of English. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics like percentages and presented using tables, charts and figures. The study established that there is a discrepancy between the training needs of teachers of English and what was offered through the existing staff development and training programmes. Most of the teachers fell short of the expected competencies under investigation, an indication of the need for more in-service training for serving teachers. The study recommends that a thorough needs assessment should be carried out to clearly establish the training needs of teachers before implementing any training programmes.
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An investigation of teacher and teacher candidates’ views on the course of school experience
1. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE)
Vol. 10, No. 1, March 2021, pp. 262~272
ISSN: 2252-8822, DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v10i1.20745 262
Journal homepage: http://ijere.iaescore.com
An investigation of teacher and teacher candidates’ views on the
course of school experience
Emine Begüm Akkuş1
, Lütfi Üredi2
1
Ministry of National Education, Turkey
2
Department of Primary Education, Mersin University, Turkey
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received May 23, 2020
Revised Dec 14, 2020
Accepted Jan 21, 2021
One of the most important elements involved in the development of countries
is teachers. Therefore, developing countries should pay attention to training
good teachers. Thus, the purpose of this study was to present the opinions of
teachers and prospective teachers on the “teaching experience” course. The
study is based on a qualitative research. The data were collected from 84
teachers in Şanlıurfa, an eastern city of Turkey and 88 prospective teachers
(undergraduate seniors) studying at Mersin University, Turkey. Semi-
structured interview form was utilized to collect the required data. Besides,
content analysis was applied in the study. The data have been expressed in
numbers. Results have displayed that there are problems arising from the
stakeholders in the “teaching experience” lesson. The types of schools
attending internships are not inclusive. Not all stakeholders are working
cooperatively. Moreover, the following suggestions were accordingly put
forward: 1) The internship duration can be extended; 2) Applications
covering all types of schools should be added; and 3) Stakeholders should be
encouraged to work in a collaborative way.
Keywords:
Candidate teacher
Internship
Practicum
Pre-service teacher training
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Emine Begüm Akkuş
Ministry of National Education
Ankara, Turkey
Email: eb.akkus@gmail.com
1. INTRODUCTION
Education continued its existence all over the world from past to present. All societies have
implicitly or intentionally programmed their education, since each society is in need of qualified manpower.
Thus, there is a need for qualified teachers who can educate modern qualified students [1]. There is a high
demand for qualified teachers who play an important role in educating students who value science and
technology, solve daily problems, and meet the needs of society [2].
Training qualified teachers is important for training qualified students. This improves a country in
that the “Teacher training system” (educational experiences and curriculum) and “teaching experience
applications” are very important in the formation of teacher identity [3]. Prospective teachers become more
experienced through internship. For this reason, societies should put emphasis on “teaching experience
practices”. Therefore, the teachers of the contemporary world should be well trained to perform the tasks
expected from them [4].
Preservice teachers do their internship during their undergraduate education. This is called the
“Teaching Experience” course. It is applied in schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education.
Turkey, in the 2018-2019 academic years, began to apply a new undergraduate teaching program last year in
which a teaching practice of a total of 24 days, including 12 days for each semester is carried out [5]. The
2. Int J Eval & Res Educ ISSN: 2252-8822
An investigation of teacher and teacher candidates’ views on the course of school … (Emine Begüm Akkuş)
263
practicum gives prospective teachers the opportunity to recognize and apply the profession [6]. The
practicum is carried out with the aim of providing teaching skills in the classroom with the management and
extracurricular activities in the field where the teacher candidate is educated. It allows the trainee to teach a
lesson or lessons in a planned way [7]. It is important to have coordination between the three in order to
maintain the practicum effectively; candidate teacher, university supervisor, practicum school supervisor [8].
The related literature represents that the practicum applications utilized in Turkey are not efficient
enough as a result of some obstacles. The carried-out studies display that these obstacles are mainly caused
by the implementers of the practicum (faculty members, practicum teachers), as well as other reasons such as
the insufficiency of the practicum period.
In their studies, Selvi and others [9] indicated that there is a lack of interaction between faculty and
practicum school, and the practicum period is not enough to obtain a high-quality practicum experience.
They also stated that there has to be a strong interaction between the practicum school, pre-service teachers,
and faculty members in order to achieve the specified goals. Eret and Orhan [10] have concluded that the
practicum practices of pre-service teachers are not observed and evaluated enough. Süral [11] has found out
that practicum teachers are not professionally competent enough to respond to the expectations and needs of
the pre-service teachers. Akyıldız [12] also found out that faculty members do not interact with the practicum
teachers since they hesitate getting in touch with the practicum school. Further, Altan, et al. [13] put forward
that the practicum period assigned to re-service teachers is limited to attain the needed skills. Tosun [5] also
examined the teaching practicum with respect to the time period assigned to it and found out that the time
allocated to practicum practices in Turkey is highly limited compared to the practices in Finland and
Germany. Özer and Alkan [14] also found out that in such countries as the UK, Portugal, Spain, Italy, and
Belgium, the practicum is carried out every school year. Therefore, they suggested that in Turkey, the same
practice has to be applied every school year as well as great care must be given when choosing the practicum
mentors who have to be educated accordingly.
When examining the literature on teaching practicum, it is clearly understood that the related studies
are based on the perspectives of stakeholders. Different from other studies, within this study, both the
perceptions of pre-service and in-service teachers on their practicum experiences are inquired. Further, since
there seems to be a huge gap in the studies on the practicum and the school types, this study tries to close the
mentioned gap accordingly. Thus, this paper aims to explore the types of the practicum school both the pre-
service and in-service teachers participate in and their related perceptions accordingly. Moreover, it was also
aimed to find out the reasons of the problems encountered in the practicum process by means of the views of
the informants. In this context, answers to the following questions were sought: What are the views of
teachers and prospective teachers on the university advisor of the practicum? What are the views of the
teachers and prospective teachers on the school counselor of the practicum? What are the views of teachers
and prospective teachers on the internship school? What are the suggestions of teachers and prospective
teachers to make practicum more efficient?
After all the specified literature, the study is supposed to stand as a great source to diversify the
dimensions of the practicum course, to empower the practicum period, and to force the stakeholders to focus
more consciously on the practicum process. Besides, the adaptation problems experienced by the teachers as
a result of the differences between the practicum school and the schools they currently work are envisaged
within this study.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
A qualitative research design was used in the study. Further, survey model was utilized in the study.
Survey models are research approaches aiming to describe a situation that exists in the past or still as it exists.
The event, individual or object that is the subject of the research is tried to be defined within its own
conditions and as it is [15]. The data were collected from 84 teachers in Şanlıurfa (Eyyubiye and Harran
Districts) and 88 teacher candidates (undergraduate seniors) studying at Mersin University. The demographic
data on the study group is given in Table 1 and Table 2.
As can be observed from Table 1, the number of class teachers (19 female & 7 male) is higher
compared to other branches such as Science (8 female & 4 male), Mathematics (8 female & 6 male), Turkish
(5 female & 5 male), Pre-school (10 female & 2 male), and English (9 female & 1 male). Further, majority of
the participants are observed to be between the ages of 21-25 (N=11 for Class Teacher, N=5 for Science, and
N=7 for Mathematics). Lastly, it is clearly understood from Table 1 that majority of the teachers such as
Class Teacher (N=12), Science (N=7), Mathematics (N=7), Pre-school (N=6), and English (N=5) are
between 1-3 years of seniority, while Turkish (N=5) is between 3-5 years of seniority.
3. ISSN: 2252-8822
Int J Eval & Res Educ, Vol. 10, No. 1, March 2021: 262 - 272
264
Table 1. Distribution of teachers by gender
Gender Age Seniority (years)
Female Male 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41 and over Less than 1 1-3 3-5 More than 5
Class teacher 19 7 11 10 2 2 1 5 12 8 1
Science 8 4 5 4 2 1 - 2 7 3 -
Mathematics 8 6 7 4 1 1 1 3 7 2 2
Turkish 5 5 4 5 - 1 - 2 2 5 1
Pre-school 10 2 5 5 1 1 - 1 6 4 1
English 9 1 2 4 2 2 - 2 5 2 1
Total 59 25 34 32 8 8 2 15 39 24 6
Table 2 clearly represents the distribution of prospective teachers according to the gender variable.
It is simply understood that Class Teacher involves 24 female and 6 male teachers, while the rest of the
branches represent diverse dispersion: Science (N=6 female and N=4 male); Mathematics (N=8 female and
N=4 male); Turkish (N=3 female and N=5 male); Pre-school (N=18 female and N= 2 male); and English
(N=5 female and N=3 male).
Table 2. Distribution of prospective teachers according to gender variable
Female Male Total
Class teacher 24 6 30
Science 6 4 10
Mathematics 8 4 12
Turkish 3 5 8
Pre-school 18 2 20
English 5 3 8
Total 64 24 88
The data of the research were collected through the “Semi-Structured Interview Form”. Researchers
developed the data collection tool. The questions were prepared as: first, the purpose of the research was
determined. The literature was searched appropriately. Inspections were made. Expert opinion was used. As a
result of this screening, questions suitable for the purpose of the researcher were created. For the reliability of
the data collection tool, pre-application was made with 18 teachers working in different schools and 18
teacher candidates studying in different undergraduate departments. The teachers and prospective teachers
who participated in the pre-application were not included in the research later. Validity and reliability
analysis were performed on the data obtained in the preliminary study. The following formula was used to
test the reliability of the coding made by the researchers [16, 17]. Harmony between
Observers=Consensus/(Consensus + Disagreement) × 100. In the calculation made according to this formula,
the following results were found. Inter-observer compliance ranged from 81.8% to 92.7% in each category. It
is successful because the interobserver reliability is higher than 80% [16].
Content analysis was applied to the qualitative data obtained. Thus, the views of the participants
were systematically defined [17]. Abbreviations such as O1, O2, and O3… are used for sample teacher
opinions, OA1, OA2, and OA3… for teacher candidate opinions.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This section respectively clarifies teachers' opinions about university advisors, teachers' candidates
opinions about university advisor, teachers' views on internship school advisors, teachers' candidates
opinions about internship school advisor, teachers' views on internship school types, teachers’ candidates
view on internship school types, teachers' opinions about internship to be more efficient teachers' candidates,
and teacher candidates' opinions about internship to be more efficient. Related opinions, frequencies, and
remarks of the respondents are illustrated accordingly. Lastly, each dimension is tabulated based on the
responses given by the participants. Table 3 represents the teachers' opinions about university advisors. The
related aspect is illustrated under subsections as category, opinions, and frequencies. Remarks of the
respondents are given in Table 3.
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Table 3. Teachers' opinions about university advisors
Category Opinions F
Positive opinions
(supported) (N:52)
About classroom management 13
About the course 13
About communication with students 10
About course preparation 5
About material preparation 4
About trust and encouragement 4
About file and report preparation 4
Negative opinions
(not supported) (N:42)
Communication with the teacher candidate 11
Communication with the internship 9
About feedback and correction 8
About the functioning of the internship 7
About classroom management 5
Follow the application process 2
Table 3 clearly represents that the dispersion of the positive opinions is slightly higher than the
negative dispersion. Positive opinions (N=52) respectively refer to such themes as About classroom
management (N=13); About the course (N=13); About communication with students (N=10); About course
preparation (N=5); About material preparation (N=4); About trust and encouragement (N=4); and About file
and report preparation (N=4). On the other hand, negative opinions (N=42) respectively refer to such themes
as Communication with the teacher candidate (N=11); Communication with the internship (N=9); About
feedback and correction (N=8); About the functioning of the internship (N=7); About classroom management
(N=5); and Follow the application process (N=2). Related remarks of the respondents are given:
“The advisor helped me with the problems I encountered. I got suggestions especially about
effective classroom management and I saw its benefit.” (O29)
“At the beginning of the application, my advisor gave the internship school and the report
information we will write. Then there was no support.” (O44)
“We went to the school where we will be an intern. He shared the necessary information in
this regard with us. He supervised us during the application process. He gave information
about classroom management and communication.” (O59)
Table 4 illustrates the teacher candidates' opinions about university advisors. The related aspect is
displayed under subsections as category, opinions, and frequencies. Remarks of the participants are presented
in Table 4.
Table 4. Teacher candidates' opinions about university advisors
Category Opinions F
Positive opinions (N:67) Enough support 67
Negative opinions (N:33)
Communication with the internship school 8
Information about the internship process 7
Uninterested in problems 5
Visit the Internship School 5
Follow the internship process 4
Feedback and correction 3
Attitude towards teacher candidate 3
Objective evaluation 2
Not enough equipment 2
Table 4 shows that the dispersion of the positive opinions is significantly higher than the negative
dispersion. Positive opinions (N=67) refer solely to Enough support (N=67). However, negative opinions
(N=33) respectively refer to such themes as Communication with the internship school (N=8); Information
about the internship process (N=7); Uninterested in problems (N=5); Visit the Internship School (N=5);
Follow the internship process (N=4); Feedback and correction (N=3); Attitude towards teacher candidate
(N=3); Objective evaluation (N=2); and Not enough equipment (N=2). Related remarks of the informants are
stated:
“My advisor provides the necessary support in applications. It makes the necessary
information. When it comes to the place, it checks. I have no problem.” (OA48)
“There is no problem with my advisor. As it is supposed to be.” (OA17)
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“My advisor did not visit the school where I did my internship. I do not think that he is in
communication with the internship officers. We go and come to ourselves.” (OA32)
Table 5 shows the teachers' views on the internship school advisors. The related dimension is
represented under subsections as category, opinions, and frequencies. Remarks of the informants are
exemplified in Table 5.
Table 5. Teachers' views on the internship school advisors
Category Opinions F
Positive opinions (N:45) It was helpful enough 45
Negative opinions (N:49)
He would have left the classroom 15
It was indifferent to our problems 10
Inadequate in removing our deficiencies 9
Didn't offer enough practical possibilities 9
Didn't inform about content teaching 7
He saw us as a problem 7
He couldn't convey his experiences 6
Didn't help with classroom management 5
Didn't help with student communication 3
Table 5 displays that the dispersion of the positive opinions is slightly lower than the negative
dispersion. Positive opinions (N=45) solely put forward It was helpful enough (N=45), while negative
opinions (N=49) respectively refer to such themes as He would have left the classroom (N= 15); It was
indifferent to our problems (N=10); Inadequate in removing our deficiencies (N=9); Didn't offer enough
practical possibilities (N=9); Didn't inform about content teaching (N=7); He saw us as a problem (N=7); He
couldn't convey his experiences (N=6); Didn't help with classroom management (N=5); and Didn't help with
student communication (N=3). Remarks of the participants are displayed:
“The internship school advisor used the internship days to do their own private work. Most
of the time I will deposit, leave somewhere and leave the class to me, saying "I will come
and go.” (O5)
“The internship school advisor was not interested in me. He did not give enough
information about the applications. It didn't help. When I needed, I was consulting him, but
he was passing over.” (O84)
“I could not find an opportunity to apply. The internship school advisor was more active on
his own. I often had to observe.” (O73)
Table 6 shows the teacher candidates' opinions about internship school advisors. The related
dimension is presented under subsections as category, opinions, and frequencies. Remarks of the respondents
are given in Table 6.
Table 6. Teacher candidates' opinions about internship school advisors
Category Opinions F
Positive opinions (N:52) It helps enough 52
Negative opinions (N:48)
He leaves the class to me all day 25
He's got me done his own business 17
Uninterested in our problems 13
Not enough equipment 12
It lowers my motivation 8
It prevents what I want to do 8
Does not communicate with me 5
She sees me as a babysitter 5
Table 6 displays that the dispersion of the positive opinions is slightly higher than the negative
dispersion. Positive opinions (N=52) solely suggest, it helps enough (N=52), while negative opinions (N=48)
respectively refer to such themes as He leaves the class to me all day (N=25); He's got me done his own
business (N=17); Uninterested in our problems (N=13); Not enough equipment (N=12); It lowers my
motivation (N=8); It prevents what I want to do (N=8); Does not communicate with me (N=5); and She sees
me as a babysitter (N=5). Remarks of the participants are displayed:
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“The internship school advisor provides convenience in everything. It makes suggestions
and corrections. It gives comfort. We have not had any problems so far.” (OA48)
“The internship school advisor determines when I will practice in the classroom. He's
being arbitrary. I'm divorced. The internship school advisor does not answer my questions.
He is not interested with me. "Never mind," he says. I am uncomfortable with this
situation.” (OA2)
“The internship school advisor has a holiday during the internship. He's handing over the
classroom to me. Every once in a while. Other than that, it does not cause general
problems.” (OA25)
“Our dialogue with the internship school advisor is very good. But in general, he also gets
his work done like report and homework control.” (OA71)
Table 7 illuminates the teachers' views on the internship school types. The related dimension is
showed under subsections as category, opinions, and frequencies. Some remarks of the participants are
involved in Table 7.
Table 7. Teachers' views on the internship school types
Category Opinions F
Positive opinions (N:15) I had the opportunity to apply in all school types 15
Negative opinions (N:79)
I did not practice at boarding school 49
I did not practice at the village school 41
I did not practice at the transport center school 22
I did not practice in the merged class 21
I did not practice in vocational and technical school 15
I did not practice in schools with different conditions 7
I practiced in a single school 3
Table 7 displays that the dispersion of the positive opinions is highly lower than the negative
dispersion. Positive opinions (N=15) solely indicates I had the opportunity to apply in all school types
(N=15), while negative opinions (N=79) respectively refer to such themes as I did not practice at boarding
school (N=49); I did not practice at the village school (N=41); I did not practice at the transport center
school (N=22); I did not practice in the merged class (N=21); I did not practice in vocational and technical
school (N=15); I did not practice in schools with different conditions (N=7); I practiced in a single school
(N=3). Remarks of the respondents are shown:
“I had never done an internship at the boarding school. Now I am working in the study
classes. Of course, I did not do an internship for this task. But I am not fully satisfied.”
(O55)
“I did not do an internship at the transport center schools. Now I am working in a transport
center school. While I am on duty, I am also interested in school services. I wish we had an
internship related to these tasks.” (O37)
“The first school I was appointed to is a village school. I'm still working here. But my
internship was not at the village school. I had no chance to observe the village schools. In
this respect, I find my internship incomplete.” (O60)
“The schools we practiced were always the schools in the city center. Facilities and
facilities were good. Their parents were interested in the school. They were schools that
function regularly. The place where I started my job is a village school with a combined
class. A building in the style of a 1982 hut. I was prepared for this situation. But there
should be a little internship time in village schools.” (O14)
Table 8 shows the teacher candidates' views on internship school types. The related dimension is
illustrated under subsections as category, opinions, and frequencies. Some remarks of the informants are
represented in Table 8.
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Table 8. Teacher candidates' views on internship school types
Category Opinions F
Positive opinions (N:17) We practice in all types of schools 17
Negative opinions (N:83)
We do not practice in village schools 28
We do not practice in any schools outside the city center 25
We do not practice in boarding schools 23
We do not practice in primary schools with combined classrooms 15
We do not practice in schools other than well-equipped schools 12
We do not practice in transport-based schools 8
We do not practice in vocational and technical schools 6
We always practice at the same school 6
We only practice in public schools 4
We only practice in daytime schools 2
Table 8 represents that the dispersion of the positive opinions is extremely lower than the negative
dispersion. Positive opinions (N=17) only indicates We practice in all types of schools (N=17), while
negative opinions (N=83) respectively refer to such themes as We do not practice in village schools (N=28);
We do not practice in any schools outside the city center (N=25); We do not practice in boarding schools
(N=23); We do not practice in primary schools with combined classrooms (N=15); We do not practice in
schools other than well-equipped schools (N=12); We do not practice in transport-based schools (N= 8); We
do not practice in vocational and technical schools (N=6); We always practice at the same school (N=6); We
only practice in public schools (N=4); and We only practice in daytime schools (N=2). Remarks of the
participants are presented:
“The internship is always at the same kind of schools in the center. After being appointed,
we can also work in different school types. We had a chance to see these schools as well.”
(OA12)
“As a class teacher, I have not seen a combined classroom school. And we don't practice.
Unfortunately, the information we receive is only theoretical.” (OA51)
“The internship does not prepare us for real duty. Village school, boarding school, etc. We
do not see. Internships are carried out only in the central schools with good facilities.”
(OA77)
Table 9 displays the teachers' opinions about how to make internship more efficient. The related
dimension is illustrated under subsections as opinions and frequencies. Some remarks of the respondents are
represented in Table 9.
Table 9. Teachers' opinions about how to make internship more efficient
Opinions F
Teaching internship should be increased 31
An internship should be planned for the regions to be used as teachers 20
An inclusive internship should be planned for all school types 19
Extra-curricular activities should be included in the internship 15
Internship should be planned considering different student profiles 11
The teacher candidate should be respected 8
The parties in the internship should work in coordination 7
Internship should cover all levels related to the teacher candidate's own field 7
Audits should be more serious 6
More realistic classroom environments should be created 5
Student size should be considered 5
The teacher candidate should improve himself 3
Internship opportunities should be given in schools with different opportunities 2
Financial support should be given to prospective teachers 2
Table 9 displays various opinions as to the teachers' opinions about how to make internship more
efficient. The pursuing suggestions are the mostly occurred suggestions respectively: Teaching internship
should be increased (N=31); An internship should be planned for the regions to be used as teachers (N=20);
An inclusive internship should be planned for all school types (N=19); Extra-curricular activities should be
included in the internship (N=15); and Internship should be planned considering different student profiles
(N=11). Some remarks of the participants are stated:
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“The longer internship period is efficient. Also, internships should be done in various
school types. By practicing, we can be more ready for the matter.” (O33)
“We must find more opportunities to apply the theoretical knowledge we have gained at the
university. Teachers should provide convenience to students in this regard. We cannot fix
everything by writing a report. There should be more internship opportunities.” (O49)
“Will there be any place where we will begin the task of the Republic of Turkey. Therefore,
internship should cover our various regions, cultures and climates. There should be an
opportunity to observe various student-parent-school profile.” (O61)
Table 10 illuminates the teacher candidates' opinions about how to make internship more efficient.
The related dimension is illustrated under subsections as opinions and frequencies. Some remarks of the
respondents are represented in Table 10.
Table 10. Teacher candidates' opinions about how to make internship more efficient
Opinions F
Internship duration should be extended 28
Internship should start from previous years 17
Internship should be done in different school types 15
Internship stakeholders should be more cooperative 11
Internship should not be during the exam preparation year 9
Internship counselors should be more willing and equipped 9
The teacher candidate should be made to feel like a teacher at the internship school. 8
Prospective teachers should be more active and willing 6
An internship covering all grades should be done 5
Advisors should be more interested in the internship process and prospective teachers 5
Internship school advisors should not leave the course 4
Teacher candidates should be paid 3
Table 10 illuminates various points of views as to the teacher candidates' opinions about how to
make internship more efficient. The pursuing suggestions are the mostly occurred views respectively:
Internship duration should be extended (N=28); Internship should start from previous years (N=17);
Internship should be done in different school types (N=15); Internship stakeholders should be more
cooperative (N=11); Internship should not be during the exam preparation year (N=9); Internship counselors
should be more willing and equipped (N=9); and The teacher candidate should be made to feel like a teacher
at the internship school (N=8). Remarks of the respondents are:
“More practice should be done. Theoretical knowledge remains limited. We need to spend
a longer time in the school environment. The scope of the internship should be increased.
We'd better see all the conditions and environments.” (OA21)
“The first year of the license passes with harmonization and theoretical knowledge. But the
internship should definitely start from the 2nd year.” (OA59)
“There should be no internship. Going to the same school in a limited timeframe does not
give us credit. Practice should be more. This is required for adaptation.” (OA73)
“The internship school counselor has no contact with the university counselor. It shouldn't
be that way. Everyone should be in cooperation. It should not put the teacher candidate in
trouble.” (OA86)
The findings of the study suggest that 52 teachers are positive towards the faculty member
responsible for the practicum, while 42 teachers are negative towards the interaction between candidate
teachers and the practicum school. Further, 67 candidate teachers were positive towards the related
interaction while 33 candidate teachers were negative towards the interaction and being informed about the
practicum process. Mete, et al. [18]; Çepni, et al. [19] also concluded that university supervisors supplied
enough support to candidate teachers. The common negative opinions of teachers and candidate teachers
involve the disconnection between the university supervisors with the practicum school. Further, Batmaz and
Ergen [20] suggested that the university supervisors should visit practicum schools more frequently and
follow the process closely.
With respect to the school supervisors responsible for the candidate teachers, 45 teachers uttered
positive views, while 49 teachers represented negative attitudes, and 52 candidate teachers put forward
positive views, while 48 candidate teachers stated negative opinions towards the related dimension. Both
teachers and prospective teachers reported that the internship school counselor left the class during the
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internship process. The result of the research done by Paker [21] supports this result accordingly. The
preservice teachers emphasized that they were indifferent to their problems. The result of the research
conducted by Baştürk [22] supports this result as well. Özdaş [23] determined in his research that the
practicum supervisor did not display enough care towards the candidate teacher. Moreover, Batmaz and
Ergen [20] found out in their research that the practicum supervisor left the class during the practice, and
accordingly the candidate teacher could not get enough guidance during the process.
With respect to the type of practicum school, 15 teachers declared positive views, while 79 teachers
represented negative attitudes, and 17 candidate teachers were positive towards the related issue, while 83
candidate teachers were negative towards it. More than three-quarters of teachers and candidate teachers
reported negative opinions towards the types of schools in which they had the practicum. Both groups stated
that there are no practicum opportunities in rural schools and boarding schools as well. In their research,
Yılmaz and Namlı [24] stated that practicum schools which provide more benefit for candidate teachers
should be preferred for the practicum.
According to the findings of the study, there is a communication problem between the university
advisor and the internship school advisor. Based on the findings of the study, they did not manage the process
well. The results of the research conducted by Şahin & Özkılıç [25]; Aslan & Sağlam [26]; Gökçe &
Demirhan [27] supported this result successively. In their research, Kırksekiz, et al. [1] reported that the lack
of cooperation and communication between the practicum supervisor and the university supervisor affected
the process negatively. Likewise, in their study, Selvi, et al. [9], as well as Özdaş and Çakmak [28] reported
that the cooperation between faculty and practicum school, and university supervisor and practicum
supervisor could not be achieved adequately. Bay, Şeker and Alisinanoğlu [29] also emphasized the lack of
collaboration between candidate teachers and their supervisors in their study. Both teachers and prospective
teachers have a common view on extending the internship period in order to make the internship more
affective. They suppose that the internship should cover all types of schools. The results of the research
conducted by Aslan & Sağlam [26]; Kavas & Bugay [30]; Gömleksiz, et al. [31]; Şahin [32]; Çakmak [33];
Ulum [34, 35]; Karasu-Avcı & İbret [36] support the present study.
4. CONCLUSION
The practicum process, which requires coordination, cooperation and coordination, has many
dimensions. In this study, teachers and candidate teachers received adequate support from university
supervisors. In addition, it has been determined that there are cooperation and communication problems with
university supervisors and practicum stakeholders. Another conclusion reached is that the practicum
supervisors leave the class during lessons and do not communicate with candidate teachers. Coordination
between the stakeholders on the other hand found out to be required. Based on the views of practicum
teachers and candidate teachers, practicum is not carried out in most school types. Both groups agree that
there is no practicum in rural schools and boarding schools. Since teaching is a profession performed in every
situation and condition after starting the job, teachers need to be prepared for difficult conditions during their
undergraduate education, so the number of the types of schools where the practicum is done should be more.
In this study, the problems stated by the candidate teachers should also be seen as suggestions. The
candidate teachers put forward that the short practicum period is a problem since the given time is not enough
for the required school experience. It can be said that the practicum is limited to once a week and it is
insufficient in terms of candidate teachers’ adaptation to the profession. Looking at the views of teachers and
candidate teachers, the following suggestions can be made to make the practicum more effective: 1)
Internship duration should be extended. Teachers should be given the chance to practice more; 2)
Coordination of the parties participating in the internship process should be ensured. Stakeholders must fulfill
their responsibilities. Cooperation between the faculty and the school should be more effective; 3) The
internship should take into account the situations that a teacher may encounter after starting his career; 4) The
potential of the type of school in which prospective teachers can take part should be taken into account.
Planning should be done accordingly. Better guidance should be provided.
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