1. An Environmental Scan of
Interprofessional Collaborative
Practice and Education
By: Evan C. Marlatt

2. Thank You to my Committee Members
• Dr. Melinda Noonan, RN, DNP,
NEA-BC (Chair)
• Dr. Tricia Johnson, PhD
• Dr. Steven Rothschild, MD
• Additional Support
• Rush Center for Interprofessionalism
(RCI) Steering Committee
2

3. Background / Introduction
• Interprofessional Education
• “When students from two or more
professions learn about, from, and
with each other to enable effective
collaboration and improve health
outcomes.” – WHO, 2010
1972-IOM-
Educating for
the Health Team
1999-IOM-To
Err Is Human
2008-Berwick-
The Triple Aim
2010-WHO-
Framework
for IPE/IPCP
2001-IOM-
Crossing the
Quality Chasm
• Interprofessional Collaborative Practice
• “When multiple health workers from
different professional backgrounds work
together with patients, families,
care(givers), and communities to deliver
the highest quality of care.” – WHO, 2010
2013-RCI
Convenes
2014-IP Incorporated
in Rush
Strategic Themes
3
2003-IOM-Health
Professions Education:
A Bridge to Quality
2011-IOM-The Future of
Nursing: Leading Change,
Advancing Health

4. Research Question
• In what ways are healthcare programs aligned with the WHO
Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education and
Collaborative Practice?
4

5. IPCP
Conceptual Model
IPE
Present &
Future
Health
Workforce
Collaborative
Practice-Ready
Health
Workforce
5(WHO, 2010)
Optimal
Health
Services

6. IPCP
Institutional
Support
Mechanisms
Working
Culture
Mechanisms
Environmental
Mechanisms
Conceptual Model
IPE
Educator
Mechanisms
Curricular
Mechanisms
Present &
Future
Health
Workforce
Collaborative
Practice-Ready
Health
Workforce
6(WHO, 2010)
Optimal
Health
Services

7. Methods
• Surveys
• IPE – 16 items
• IPCP – 26 items
• Descriptive Statistics
• Multiple Choice
• 4-Point Likert Scale
• Strongly Disagree
• Disagree
• Agree
• Strongly Agree
• Sample
• IPE – ASAHP – 68 respondents
• IPCP – UHC – 40 respondents
7

8. Methods – Survey Question Format
• IPE:
• IPCP:
8

9. IP Education – Demographics
Athletic Training
2%
Clinical Nutrition
9%
Health Administration
9%
Medical Lab Sciences
11%
Medicine
2%
Nursing
7%
OT
14%
PA
4%
PT
23%
Public Health
5%
SLP
14%
9
IPE
Educator
Mechanisms
Curricular
Mechanisms

10. 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Leadership
Commitment
(n=66)
Supportive
Policies (n=66)
Champion -
Leading (n=67)
Learning
Outcomes (n=66)
Staff IPE Training
(n=66)
Funding (n=61)
% Agreeable % Disagree % Strongly Disagree
10
IP Education – Educator
IPE
Educator
Mechanisms
Curricular
Mechanisms

11. 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Adult Learning (n=61) IP Communication
Assessment (n=59)
Equal Incentives (n=53) Universal Schedule (n=61)
% Agreeable % Disagree % Strongly Disagree
11
IP Education – Curricular
IPE
Educator
Mechanisms
Curricular
Mechanisms

12. IP Education – Curricular
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
Interactive
Workshop(s)
Sim Lab
Exercise(s)
Required
Coursework
Elective
Coursework
None Other
(n=65)
Offers Requires
12
IPE
Educator
Mechanisms
Curricular
Mechanisms

13. IP Practice – Demographics
Yes
92%
No
8%
Member of the Acute Care Leadership Team
(n=39)
13
CEO, 3
CMO, 11
CNO, 9
COO, 7
CQO / CSO,
6
Other, 4
Position (n=40)
IPCP
Inst.
Support
Working
Culture
Environ-
mental

14. 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Senior Leader
Role Models
(n=34)
IP Teams at
Dept. Level
(n=33)
Unit Level
Partnerships
(n=32)
Learning
Opportunities
(n=39)
IP Valued in
Compensation
Philosophy
(n=32)
Equality in
Team Leads
(n=31)
% Agreeable % Disagree % Strongly Disagree
14
IP Practice – Institutional Support
IPCP
Inst.
Support
Working
Culture
Environ-
mental

15. IP Practice – Staff Development
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Joint Training - Medical
/ Nursing Residents
(n=31)
Evaluation -
Cooperation (n=31)
Evaluation - Impact &
Effectiveness (n=32)
Allocates Time for Staff
IP Participation (n=31)
Yes - Hospital-Wide Yes - Specific Specialties Only No
15
IPCP
Inst.
Support
Working
Culture
Environ-
mental

16. IP Practice – Communication Processes
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
IP Plans of Care (n=39) IP Rounds (n=40) IP Daily Huddles (n=39) EMR IP Documentation
(n=39)
Yes - hospital-wide Yes - specific specialties only No
16
IPCP
Inst.
Support
Working
Culture
Environ-
mental

17. 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Culture Enabling
Quick Change
(n=40)
Staff Trained for
Conflict Resolution
(n=40)
Climate of Trust
(n=40)
Equality in
Decision Making
on IP Teams
(n=39)
Staff
Empowerment to
Halt Unsafe
Process (n=38)
% Agreeable % Disagree % Strongly Disagree
17
IP Practice – Working Culture
IPCP
Inst.
Support
Working
Culture
Environ-
mental

18. 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Care Team Input (n=37) Patient Input (n=36) Designated Space for IP
Collaboration (n=37)
Daily Patient, Nurse,
and Physician
Collaboration (n=37)
% Agreeable % Disagree % Strongly Disagree
18
IP Practice – Environment
IPCP
Inst.
Support
Working
Culture
Environ-
mental

19. Challenges
Sample
Identifying
Organization
Representative
(ASAHP)
Limited Live
Survey Time
(UHC)
Number of
Respondents
Not
Representative
of Front Line
Staff
19
Challenges

20. Implications
20
Ensure IP
Efforts are
Operationalized
Expansion of
Current IP
Management
Front Line and
Mid-Level IP
Perspectives
Bridging IPE
and IPCP
Future
Studies

21. Questions?
21

22. References
• Berwick, DM; Nolan, TW; Whittington, J. (2008). The triple aim: care, health, and cost. Health Affairs. Retrieved October 7, 2014
from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18474969
• Institute of Medicine. (1972). Educating for the health team. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences.
• Institute of Medicine. (2000). To err is human: Building a safer health system. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press.
• Institute of Medicine. (2001). Crossing the quality chasm. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press.
• Institute of Medicine (2003). Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
• Institute of Medicine (2011). The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: National Academies
Press.
• Speakman E, Arenson C (2015). Going Back to the Future: What is All Buzz About Interprofessional Education and Collaborative
Practice? Nurse Educator.
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2010). Framework for action on interprofessional education & collaborative practice. Geneva:
World Health Organization. Retrieved September 1, 2014 from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2010/WHO_HRH_HPN_10.3_eng.pdf
• Back to the future
22