Using location-based augmented reality (AR) for pedestrian navigation can greatly improve user action to reduce the travel time. Pedestrian navigation differs in many ways from the conventional navigation system used in a car or other vehicles. A major issue with using location-based AR for navigation to a specific landmark is their quality of usability, especially if the active screen is overcrowded with the augmented POI markers which were overlap each other at the same time. This paper describes the user journey map approach that led to new insights about how users were using location-based AR for navigation. These insights led to a deep understanding of challenges that user must face when using location-based AR application for pedestrian navigation purpose, and more generally, they helped the development team to appreciate the variety of user experience in software requirement specification phase. To prove our concept, a prototype of intuitive location-based AR was built to be compared with existing standard-location based AR. The user evaluation results reveal that the overall functional requirements which are gathered from user journey have same level of success rate criteria when compared with standard location-based AR. Nevertheless, the field study participants highlighted the extended features in our prototype could significantly enhance the user action on locating the right object in particular place when compared with standard location-based AR application (proved with the required time).
Comparative study of user experience on mobile pedestrian navigation between ...IJECEIAES
Fast-paced mobile technology development has permitted augmented reality experiences to be delivered on mobile pedestrian navigation context. The fact that the more prevalent of this technology commonly will substituting the digital map visualization to present the geo-location information is still debatable. This paper comprises a report on a field study comparing about user experience when interacting with different modes of mobile electronic assistance in the context of pedestrian navigation interfaces which utilize location-based augmented reality (AR) and two-dimensional digital map to visualize the points of interest (POIs) location in the vicinity of the user. The study was conducted with two subsequent experiments in the Zhongli District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. The study involved 10 participants aged between 22 and 28 years with different experiences in using smartphones and navigation systems. Navigation performance was measured based on a usability approach on pragmatic quality and hedonic quality like effectiveness (success rate of task completion), efficiency (task completion time) and satisfaction in real outdoor conditions. The evaluation findings have been cross-checked with the user’s personal comments. We aim at eliciting knowledge about user requirements related to mobile pedestrian interfaces and evaluating user experience from pragmatic and hedonic viewpoints. Results show that in the context of pedestrian navigation, digital map interfaces lead to significantly better navigation performance in pragmatic attributes in comparison to AR interfaces. Nevertheless, the study also reveals that location-based AR is more valued by participants in hedonic qualities and overall performance.
MOBILE AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATION FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATIONijma
Mobile-based Augmented Reality (AR) has grown rapidly in various sectors including an education field. This technology has supported in facilitating users to perform daily tasks such as tools in teaching and learning. However, in teaching and learning activities still practise a traditional method by using books that have caused students feel bored and cannot focus in the activities. Therefore, with the advent of ‘BelajarBacaanSolat’ using Augmented Reality (AR-BBS) application these students can utilize this to improve students' level of understanding as well as attract them to stay focus in the learning. The objective of this project was to help the primary school students to study an Islamic subject namely Kelas al-Quran dan Fardu Ain (KAFA). In addition, this project can also benefit to KAFA teachers in teaching student more effectively. This research focus on the topic of “BacaanSolat” in prayer. The framework proposed in this research contains three items including entity, platform and content. In conclusion, this project can help student especially KAFA student learn more efficiently. It is believed that this application can help the students to improve their skills and attract to learn KAFA effectively.
An idea of intuitive mobile diopter calculator for myopia patientTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The diopter is the unit of measurement for the refractive power of a lens. Myopia is a form of refractive error which is a leading cause of visual disability throughout the world. The prevailing treatment of refractive errors which are commonly used in daily life are glasses and contact lenses. Although those methods can overcome myopia, many myopia patients still don’t really know how to measure their current refractive error in diopter. This condition may retard the progression of refractive treatment in the myopic individual. The common methods to measure refractive error are phoropter with Snellen chart and retinoscopy, but those expensive tools need expertise to operate. This paper presents the concept of measure the face to smartphone screen distance to provide the possibility to implement a mobile application as a low-cost alternative refractive measurement tool. The main objective is to investigate the feasibility of mobile application to help patients with myopia measuring their blur line distances and evaluate their diopter levels independently. The experimental results reveal that, with 80.5 usability score the overall functionality of proposed application can be categorized as usable to users and feasible for future implementation.
Augmented Reality Design of Indonesia Fruit Recognition IJECEIAES
Augmented Reality (AR) is one of the popular technologies nowadays. Along with the technological advances, Augmented Reality is an effort to combine the real world and virtual worlds created through computers so that the boundary between the two becomes very thin because Augmented Reality allows users to interact in real-time with the system. Augmented Reality can be applied in various fields according to the needs of each user. One application is on Android-based mobile hardware applications. This research developed the Augmented Reality battle with some of the features more interactive, interesting and clearer information to facilitate the user in its operation. This Augmented Reality is applied to the Android mobile device with the name of FruitGarden. This paper presented of designing Augmented Reality for recognizing the fruit of Indonesia archipelago which will give a different view of performing the fruit image and information.
Comparative study of user experience on mobile pedestrian navigation between ...IJECEIAES
Fast-paced mobile technology development has permitted augmented reality experiences to be delivered on mobile pedestrian navigation context. The fact that the more prevalent of this technology commonly will substituting the digital map visualization to present the geo-location information is still debatable. This paper comprises a report on a field study comparing about user experience when interacting with different modes of mobile electronic assistance in the context of pedestrian navigation interfaces which utilize location-based augmented reality (AR) and two-dimensional digital map to visualize the points of interest (POIs) location in the vicinity of the user. The study was conducted with two subsequent experiments in the Zhongli District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. The study involved 10 participants aged between 22 and 28 years with different experiences in using smartphones and navigation systems. Navigation performance was measured based on a usability approach on pragmatic quality and hedonic quality like effectiveness (success rate of task completion), efficiency (task completion time) and satisfaction in real outdoor conditions. The evaluation findings have been cross-checked with the user’s personal comments. We aim at eliciting knowledge about user requirements related to mobile pedestrian interfaces and evaluating user experience from pragmatic and hedonic viewpoints. Results show that in the context of pedestrian navigation, digital map interfaces lead to significantly better navigation performance in pragmatic attributes in comparison to AR interfaces. Nevertheless, the study also reveals that location-based AR is more valued by participants in hedonic qualities and overall performance.
MOBILE AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATION FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATIONijma
Mobile-based Augmented Reality (AR) has grown rapidly in various sectors including an education field. This technology has supported in facilitating users to perform daily tasks such as tools in teaching and learning. However, in teaching and learning activities still practise a traditional method by using books that have caused students feel bored and cannot focus in the activities. Therefore, with the advent of ‘BelajarBacaanSolat’ using Augmented Reality (AR-BBS) application these students can utilize this to improve students' level of understanding as well as attract them to stay focus in the learning. The objective of this project was to help the primary school students to study an Islamic subject namely Kelas al-Quran dan Fardu Ain (KAFA). In addition, this project can also benefit to KAFA teachers in teaching student more effectively. This research focus on the topic of “BacaanSolat” in prayer. The framework proposed in this research contains three items including entity, platform and content. In conclusion, this project can help student especially KAFA student learn more efficiently. It is believed that this application can help the students to improve their skills and attract to learn KAFA effectively.
An idea of intuitive mobile diopter calculator for myopia patientTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The diopter is the unit of measurement for the refractive power of a lens. Myopia is a form of refractive error which is a leading cause of visual disability throughout the world. The prevailing treatment of refractive errors which are commonly used in daily life are glasses and contact lenses. Although those methods can overcome myopia, many myopia patients still don’t really know how to measure their current refractive error in diopter. This condition may retard the progression of refractive treatment in the myopic individual. The common methods to measure refractive error are phoropter with Snellen chart and retinoscopy, but those expensive tools need expertise to operate. This paper presents the concept of measure the face to smartphone screen distance to provide the possibility to implement a mobile application as a low-cost alternative refractive measurement tool. The main objective is to investigate the feasibility of mobile application to help patients with myopia measuring their blur line distances and evaluate their diopter levels independently. The experimental results reveal that, with 80.5 usability score the overall functionality of proposed application can be categorized as usable to users and feasible for future implementation.
Augmented Reality Design of Indonesia Fruit Recognition IJECEIAES
Augmented Reality (AR) is one of the popular technologies nowadays. Along with the technological advances, Augmented Reality is an effort to combine the real world and virtual worlds created through computers so that the boundary between the two becomes very thin because Augmented Reality allows users to interact in real-time with the system. Augmented Reality can be applied in various fields according to the needs of each user. One application is on Android-based mobile hardware applications. This research developed the Augmented Reality battle with some of the features more interactive, interesting and clearer information to facilitate the user in its operation. This Augmented Reality is applied to the Android mobile device with the name of FruitGarden. This paper presented of designing Augmented Reality for recognizing the fruit of Indonesia archipelago which will give a different view of performing the fruit image and information.
Going Mobile With Enterprise Applications - A study on user behavior and perceptions.
This paper presents findings from three research studies carried out to understand the user behavior and explore the value in using mobile devices for accessing enterprise products.
The focus is essentially on the expectations of the end-‐users, namely, information technology (IT) administrators. In this case, we were exploring how the users of enterprise products might want to leverage mobile technology to access their everyday tasks and information, and therefore identify potential opportunities and challenges for extending their user experience to such devices.
Augmented reality, the new age technology, has widespread applications in every field imaginable. This technology has proven to be an inflection point in numerous verticals, improving lives and improving performance. In this paper, we explore the various possible applications of Augmented Reality (AR) in the field of Medicine. The objective of using AR in medicine or generally in any field is the fact that, AR helps in motivating the user, making sessions interactive and assist in faster learning. In this paper, we discuss about the applicability of AR in the field of medical diagnosis. Augmented reality technology reinforces remote collaboration, allowing doctors to diagnose patients from a different locality. Additionally, we believe that a much more pronounced effect can be achieved by bringing together the cutting edge technology of AR and the lifesaving field of Medical sciences. AR is a mechanism that could be applied in the learning process too. Similarly, virtual reality could be used in the field where more of practical experience is needed such as driving, sports, neonatal care training.
User Activity Analysis Using Accelerometer and Cloud ComputingMarwan Issa
This dissertation focuses on analyzing the accelerometer data collected from built-in sensors in smartphones using the advanced technology of cloud computing for processing and analyzing.
APPLICATIONS OF DEEP LEARNING AND MACHINE LEARNING IN HEALTHCARE DOMAIN – A L...IAEME Publication
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been developing rapidly in recent years in terms of software algorithms, hardware implementation, and applications in a vast number of areas. In this review, we summarize the latest developments of applications of AI in biomedicine, including disease diagnostics, living assistance, biomedical information processing, and biomedical research. Various automated systems and tools like Braincomputer interfaces (BCIs), arterial spin labelling (ASL) imaging, ASL-MRI, biomarkers, Natural language processing (NLP) and various algorithms helps to minimize errors and control disease progression. The computer assisted diagnosis, decision support systems, expert systems and implementation of software may assist physicians to minimize the intra and inter-observer variability. In this paper, a detailed literature review on application and implementation of Machine Learning, Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence in the healthcare industry by various researchers.
Augmented reality application for chemical bonding based on androidIJECEIAES
Augmented Reality can provide information that can be more easily understood by the user. Because of its advantages, Augmented Reality can be utilized to create learning applications that can support teaching and learning process. Chemical learning about chemical reactions is usually boring by students. This is because students only know the theory of the book and the explanation of teachers only. This research utilized Augmented Reality to be able to see 3D model of each chemical element and also can see animation of merging between elements. In order to bring up 3D objects of chemical elements then made a card that will be used as a marker / tracker. In addition, there can be a combination of several chemical elements based on several cards detected from the camera. The test is performed for chemical elements with periodic table such as H, Ca, Na, K, C, Cl, Br, O, S, SO2, CO2, OH. Testing the application by performing several merge elements such as HCl, NaCl, H20, CO2, MgS, SO2, O2, CaCl2, HCN, N2, and others. The results of this study will be tested on several students to see the benefits of student learning.
Leveraging Eye-gaze and Time-series Features to Predict User Interests and Bu...Nelson J. S. Silva
We developed a new concept to improve the efficiency of visual analysis
through visual recommendations. It uses a novel eye-gaze based
recommendation model that aids users in identifying interesting
time-series patterns. Our model combines time-series features and
eye-gaze interests, captured via an eye-tracker. Mouse selections are
also considered. The system provides an overlay visualization with
recommended patterns, and an eye-history graph, that supports
the users in the data exploration process. We conducted an experiment
with 5 tasks where 30 participants explored sensor data of a
wind turbine. This work presents results on pre-attentive features,
and discusses the precision/recall of our model in comparison to
final selections made by users. Our model helps users to efficiently
identify interesting time-series patterns.
Dashboard settings design in SVARA using user-centred design methodTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
SVARA is the first Social Media audio application in Indonesia developed by PT. Zamrud Teknologi Khatulistiwa. At present, this application does not have feature settings to display content and other basic settings on the user's side. This situation results in users not having the role to manage the appearance of the dashboard according to their preferences. Settings are done entirely by administrators using scripts and must take APIs with regular PHP scripts. And this is very troublesome. So to give a role to the view of user management, the application needs to be made a dashboard setting feature as a follow-up. Through this paper, the researchers propose designing this dashboard feature using the User-Centered Design (UCD) method. The design results show that this method has a positive correlation with user involvement support in the application development process.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A Response Analysis of Mobile Augmented Reality Application for Tourism Objec...IJECEIAES
As a form of innovation in a promotion media Tourism Objects in Indonesia especially at Purbalingga District, one is through Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR). The utilization of technology application of MAR, give the impression of interactive and real towards an object tourism and provide a special experience for tourists to get the information completely including the tourism location. To deliver care facilities to users, we need the evaluation to development or improvement for next application. The method used in this research is evaluation of user satisfaction towards the multimedia elements. The result of MAR user satisfaction showed that almost all respondents are well satisfied.
City i-Tick: The android based mobile application for students’ attendance at...journalBEEI
This paper presents City i-Tick, the android based mobile application for students’ attendance at a university. In this study, we developed mobile application for lecturers to take students’ attendance in City University, Petaling Jaya. Managing students’ attendance during lecture periods has become a difficult challenge. The research objectives for this study are to identify user requirement for City i-Tick, to design and develop City i-Tick, and to demonstrate the prototype of City i-Tick. The study is a narrative participatory design and exploits Design Thinking as the research methodology. City i-Tick was successfully validated by 14 lecturers and System Usability Scale (SUS) was used to determine the findings of the study. We found that City i-Tick is effective for lecturers in taking attendance because it is easy to use, easy to learn, and the users feel confident when using this application.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Going Mobile With Enterprise Applications - A study on user behavior and perceptions.
This paper presents findings from three research studies carried out to understand the user behavior and explore the value in using mobile devices for accessing enterprise products.
The focus is essentially on the expectations of the end-‐users, namely, information technology (IT) administrators. In this case, we were exploring how the users of enterprise products might want to leverage mobile technology to access their everyday tasks and information, and therefore identify potential opportunities and challenges for extending their user experience to such devices.
Augmented reality, the new age technology, has widespread applications in every field imaginable. This technology has proven to be an inflection point in numerous verticals, improving lives and improving performance. In this paper, we explore the various possible applications of Augmented Reality (AR) in the field of Medicine. The objective of using AR in medicine or generally in any field is the fact that, AR helps in motivating the user, making sessions interactive and assist in faster learning. In this paper, we discuss about the applicability of AR in the field of medical diagnosis. Augmented reality technology reinforces remote collaboration, allowing doctors to diagnose patients from a different locality. Additionally, we believe that a much more pronounced effect can be achieved by bringing together the cutting edge technology of AR and the lifesaving field of Medical sciences. AR is a mechanism that could be applied in the learning process too. Similarly, virtual reality could be used in the field where more of practical experience is needed such as driving, sports, neonatal care training.
User Activity Analysis Using Accelerometer and Cloud ComputingMarwan Issa
This dissertation focuses on analyzing the accelerometer data collected from built-in sensors in smartphones using the advanced technology of cloud computing for processing and analyzing.
APPLICATIONS OF DEEP LEARNING AND MACHINE LEARNING IN HEALTHCARE DOMAIN – A L...IAEME Publication
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been developing rapidly in recent years in terms of software algorithms, hardware implementation, and applications in a vast number of areas. In this review, we summarize the latest developments of applications of AI in biomedicine, including disease diagnostics, living assistance, biomedical information processing, and biomedical research. Various automated systems and tools like Braincomputer interfaces (BCIs), arterial spin labelling (ASL) imaging, ASL-MRI, biomarkers, Natural language processing (NLP) and various algorithms helps to minimize errors and control disease progression. The computer assisted diagnosis, decision support systems, expert systems and implementation of software may assist physicians to minimize the intra and inter-observer variability. In this paper, a detailed literature review on application and implementation of Machine Learning, Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence in the healthcare industry by various researchers.
Augmented reality application for chemical bonding based on androidIJECEIAES
Augmented Reality can provide information that can be more easily understood by the user. Because of its advantages, Augmented Reality can be utilized to create learning applications that can support teaching and learning process. Chemical learning about chemical reactions is usually boring by students. This is because students only know the theory of the book and the explanation of teachers only. This research utilized Augmented Reality to be able to see 3D model of each chemical element and also can see animation of merging between elements. In order to bring up 3D objects of chemical elements then made a card that will be used as a marker / tracker. In addition, there can be a combination of several chemical elements based on several cards detected from the camera. The test is performed for chemical elements with periodic table such as H, Ca, Na, K, C, Cl, Br, O, S, SO2, CO2, OH. Testing the application by performing several merge elements such as HCl, NaCl, H20, CO2, MgS, SO2, O2, CaCl2, HCN, N2, and others. The results of this study will be tested on several students to see the benefits of student learning.
Leveraging Eye-gaze and Time-series Features to Predict User Interests and Bu...Nelson J. S. Silva
We developed a new concept to improve the efficiency of visual analysis
through visual recommendations. It uses a novel eye-gaze based
recommendation model that aids users in identifying interesting
time-series patterns. Our model combines time-series features and
eye-gaze interests, captured via an eye-tracker. Mouse selections are
also considered. The system provides an overlay visualization with
recommended patterns, and an eye-history graph, that supports
the users in the data exploration process. We conducted an experiment
with 5 tasks where 30 participants explored sensor data of a
wind turbine. This work presents results on pre-attentive features,
and discusses the precision/recall of our model in comparison to
final selections made by users. Our model helps users to efficiently
identify interesting time-series patterns.
Dashboard settings design in SVARA using user-centred design methodTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
SVARA is the first Social Media audio application in Indonesia developed by PT. Zamrud Teknologi Khatulistiwa. At present, this application does not have feature settings to display content and other basic settings on the user's side. This situation results in users not having the role to manage the appearance of the dashboard according to their preferences. Settings are done entirely by administrators using scripts and must take APIs with regular PHP scripts. And this is very troublesome. So to give a role to the view of user management, the application needs to be made a dashboard setting feature as a follow-up. Through this paper, the researchers propose designing this dashboard feature using the User-Centered Design (UCD) method. The design results show that this method has a positive correlation with user involvement support in the application development process.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A Response Analysis of Mobile Augmented Reality Application for Tourism Objec...IJECEIAES
As a form of innovation in a promotion media Tourism Objects in Indonesia especially at Purbalingga District, one is through Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR). The utilization of technology application of MAR, give the impression of interactive and real towards an object tourism and provide a special experience for tourists to get the information completely including the tourism location. To deliver care facilities to users, we need the evaluation to development or improvement for next application. The method used in this research is evaluation of user satisfaction towards the multimedia elements. The result of MAR user satisfaction showed that almost all respondents are well satisfied.
City i-Tick: The android based mobile application for students’ attendance at...journalBEEI
This paper presents City i-Tick, the android based mobile application for students’ attendance at a university. In this study, we developed mobile application for lecturers to take students’ attendance in City University, Petaling Jaya. Managing students’ attendance during lecture periods has become a difficult challenge. The research objectives for this study are to identify user requirement for City i-Tick, to design and develop City i-Tick, and to demonstrate the prototype of City i-Tick. The study is a narrative participatory design and exploits Design Thinking as the research methodology. City i-Tick was successfully validated by 14 lecturers and System Usability Scale (SUS) was used to determine the findings of the study. We found that City i-Tick is effective for lecturers in taking attendance because it is easy to use, easy to learn, and the users feel confident when using this application.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
The paper has been presented with a system that is
created on the android platform targeting the students studying in
an engineering institute. The application is created for effortless
day to day official work in an institute. Students will be served
with the benefits like compilation of branch wise question papers,
general aptitude questions, video lectures, newspapers, with
some interesting features like parent-teacher portal, feedback
system and ask your queries block. The application is designed
using core java coding, layout is fabricated with xml extension,
complete creation is done on android studio. Login authentication
is developed via Firebase Auth, newspapers have been linked
through their URL, video lectures are engrossed with API and
a separate website is created for parent-teacher interaction.
Based on the above mentioned ideology, We are fabricating an
application using android design studio kit which is majorly
concerned for the effortless access of all the essentials required
in an institute.
SMARCOS Abstract Paper submitted to ICCHP 2012Smarcos Eu
This study is part of the European project "Smarcos" (http://www.smarcos-project.eu/) that includes among its goals the development of services which are specifically designed and accessible for blind users.
In this paper we present the prototype application designed to make the main phone features available in a way which is accessible for a blind user. The prototype has been developed to firstly evaluate the interaction modalities based on gestures, audio and vibro-tactile feedback.
A study of the interface usability issues of mobile learning applications for...IJITE
A conceptual framework for measuring the usability characteristics of mobile learning (m-Learning) application has been developed. Furthermore, a software prototype for smartphones to assess usability issues of m-Learning applications has also been designed and implemented. This prototype has been developed, using Java language and the Android Software Development Kit, based on the recommended guidelines of the proposed conceptual framework. The usability of the proposed model was compared to a generally available similar mobile application (based on the Blackboard) by conducting a questionnairebased survey at Western University. The two models were evaluated in terms of ease of use, user
satisfaction, attractiveness, and learnability. The results of the questionnaire showed that the participants considered the user interface based on our proposed framework more user-friendly as compared to the Blackboard-based user interface.
https://jst.org.in/index.html
Our journal has Numbers tell stories, and in the world of research and development, mathematics is the universal language. Join us as we explore the elegant equations and mathematical models that underpin technological advancements and scientific breakthroughs.
A STUDY OF THE INTERFACE USABILITY ISSUES OF MOBILE LEARNING APPLICATIONS FOR...IJITE
A conceptual framework for measuring the usability characteristics of mobile learning (m-Learning)
application has been developed. Furthermore, a software prototype for smartphones to assess usability
issues of m-Learning applications has also been designed and implemented. This prototype has been
developed, using Java language and the Android Software Development Kit, based on the recommended
guidelines of the proposed conceptual framework. The usability of the proposed model was compared to a
generally available similar mobile application (based on the Blackboard) by conducting a questionnairebased survey at Western University. The two models were evaluated in terms of ease of use, user
satisfaction, attractiveness, and learnability. The results of the questionnaire showed that the participants
considered the user interface based on our proposed framework more user-friendly as compared to the
Blackboard-based user interface.
A Study of The Interface Usability Issues of Mobile Learning Applications for...IJITE
A conceptual framework for measuring the usability characteristics of mobile learning (m-Learning)
application has been developed. Furthermore, a software prototype for smartphones to assess usability
issues of m-Learning applications has also been designed and implemented. This prototype has been
developed, using Java language and the Android Software Development Kit, based on the recommended
guidelines of the proposed conceptual framework. The usability of the proposed model was compared to a
generally available similar mobile application (based on the Blackboard) by conducting a questionnairebased survey at Western University. The two models were evaluated in terms of ease of use, user
satisfaction, attractiveness, and learnability. The results of the questionnaire showed that the participants
considered the user interface based on our proposed framework more user-friendly as compared to the
Blackboard-based user interface.
How accurate does geographic information (GI) need to be, when compared to the real world, to gain user trust? To better understand the user experience, do we need to consider data structures, formats and user
manuals as types of user interface? What caused KML to become a de facto standard, overtaking GML, which
is seemingly well engineered?
These questions concern the usability of GI. While the GIS industry is starting to be aware of the importance
of usability in software and hardware product development, so, too, are some providers of GI. There is,
however a lack of research and methodologies designed for understanding usability of information itself
rather than the interface or system through which it is presented. This is both a huge oversight and
opportunity, when considering that information can sometimes cost 95% of the total project value, or that in
many products the information itself is critical to the user’s experience – for example, in personal navigation
devices (PND). The level of usability of GI combined with system usability can also impact on productivity as
significant time and resources may be spent on their management. In some situations it can even have
safety critical implication – as in the case of a satnav user who followed directions on to a rail track minutes
before a train crashed into her car (BBC®, 2008).
This paper is based on a report from a workshop that was organised by Ordnance Survey to discuss the
usability of GI. It was a first opportunity for researchers from diverse backgrounds, including cartography, GI
science, human factors, ergonomics and human-computer interaction to come together and discuss this
important issue. The outcomes of the workshop, though preliminary, are relevant to any user of GI – and the
issues identified might change the way people in the industry think about and evaluate GI products alongside
applications.
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Enhancing battery system identification: nonlinear autoregressive modeling fo...IJECEIAES
Precisely characterizing Li-ion batteries is essential for optimizing their
performance, enhancing safety, and prolonging their lifespan across various
applications, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This
article introduces an innovative nonlinear methodology for system
identification of a Li-ion battery, employing a nonlinear autoregressive with
exogenous inputs (NARX) model. The proposed approach integrates the
benefits of nonlinear modeling with the adaptability of the NARX structure,
facilitating a more comprehensive representation of the intricate
electrochemical processes within the battery. Experimental data collected
from a Li-ion battery operating under diverse scenarios are employed to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The identified
NARX model exhibits superior accuracy in predicting the battery's behavior
compared to traditional linear models. This study underscores the
importance of accounting for nonlinearities in battery modeling, providing
insights into the intricate relationships between state-of-charge, voltage, and
current under dynamic conditions.
Smart grid deployment: from a bibliometric analysis to a surveyIJECEIAES
Smart grids are one of the last decades' innovations in electrical energy.
They bring relevant advantages compared to the traditional grid and
significant interest from the research community. Assessing the field's
evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
contributes to the research trends mentioned above by focusing on two
objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
The main outputs are presented with some recommendations for future
research.
Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding ...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that are associated to power systems is islanding
condition, which must be rapidly and properly detected to prevent any
negative consequences on the system's protection, stability, and security.
This paper offers a thorough overview of several islanding detection
strategies, which are divided into two categories: classic approaches,
including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
Additionally, each approach is compared and assessed based on several
factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
comparison of all criteria together. Thus, it can be seen from the total weight
that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
processing-based methods are the most appropriate islanding detection
method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
aforementioned factors. Using Expert Choice software, the proposed
hierarchy model is studied and examined.
Enhancing of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy logi...IJECEIAES
The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by
environmental factors. This variability hampers the control and utilization of
solar cells' peak output. In this study, a single-stage grid-connected PV
system is designed to enhance power quality. Our approach employs fuzzy
logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controller is adopted, which outperforms traditional methods like
incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
minimizing the response time. Moreover, the inverter's real-time active and
reactive power is directly managed to achieve a unity power factor (UPF).
The system's performance is assessed through MATLAB/Simulink
implementation, showing marked improvement over conventional methods,
particularly in steady-state and varying weather conditions. For solar
irradiances of 500 and 1,000 W/m2
, the results show that the proposed
method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current
to the grid by approximately 46% and 38% compared to conventional
methods, respectively. Furthermore, we compare the simulation results with
IEEE standards to evaluate the system's grid compatibility.
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that
caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible,
and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell
radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on
atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional
approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize
the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as
steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two
traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb
and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to
simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC
techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for
efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Remote field-programmable gate array laboratory for signal acquisition and de...IJECEIAES
A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students’ learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embeddedsystem design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design.
Detecting and resolving feature envy through automated machine learning and m...IJECEIAES
Efficiently identifying and resolving code smells enhances software project quality. This paper presents a novel solution, utilizing automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques, to detect code smells and apply move method refactoring. By evaluating code metrics before and after refactoring, we assessed its impact on coupling, complexity, and cohesion. Key contributions of this research include a unique dataset for code smell classification and the development of models using AutoGluon for optimal performance. Furthermore, the study identifies the top 20 influential features in classifying feature envy, a well-known code smell, stemming from excessive reliance on external classes. We also explored how move method refactoring addresses feature envy, revealing reduced coupling and complexity, and improved cohesion, ultimately enhancing code quality. In summary, this research offers an empirical, data-driven approach, integrating AutoML and move method refactoring to optimize software project quality. Insights gained shed light on the benefits of refactoring on code quality and the significance of specific features in detecting feature envy. Future research can expand to explore additional refactoring techniques and a broader range of code metrics, advancing software engineering practices and standards.
Smart monitoring technique for solar cell systems using internet of things ba...IJECEIAES
Rapidly and remotely monitoring and receiving the solar cell systems status parameters, solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity, are critical issues in enhancement their efficiency. Hence, in the present article an improved smart prototype of internet of things (IoT) technique based on embedded system through NodeMCU ESP8266 (ESP-12E) was carried out experimentally. Three different regions at Egypt; Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira cities were chosen to study their solar irradiance profile, temperature, and humidity by the proposed IoT system. The monitoring data of solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity were live visualized directly by Ubidots through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol. The measured solar power radiation in Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira ranged between 216-1000, 245-958, and 187-692 W/m 2 respectively during the solar day. The accuracy and rapidity of obtaining monitoring results using the proposed IoT system made it a strong candidate for application in monitoring solar cell systems. On the other hand, the obtained solar power radiation results of the three considered regions strongly candidate Luxor and Cairo as suitable places to build up a solar cells system station rather than El-Beheira.
An efficient security framework for intrusion detection and prevention in int...IJECEIAES
Over the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has advanced to connect billions of smart devices to improve quality of life. However, anomalies or malicious intrusions pose several security loopholes, leading to performance degradation and threat to data security in IoT operations. Thereby, IoT security systems must keep an eye on and restrict unwanted events from occurring in the IoT network. Recently, various technical solutions based on machine learning (ML) models have been derived towards identifying and restricting unwanted events in IoT. However, most ML-based approaches are prone to miss-classification due to inappropriate feature selection. Additionally, most ML approaches applied to intrusion detection and prevention consider supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled data to be trained. Consequently, such complex datasets are impossible to source in a large network like IoT. To address this problem, this proposed study introduces an efficient learning mechanism to strengthen the IoT security aspects. The proposed algorithm incorporates supervised and unsupervised approaches to improve the learning models for intrusion detection and mitigation. Compared with the related works, the experimental outcome shows that the model performs well in a benchmark dataset. It accomplishes an improved detection accuracy of approximately 99.21%.
Developing a smart system for infant incubators using the internet of things ...IJECEIAES
This research is developing an incubator system that integrates the internet of things and artificial intelligence to improve care for premature babies. The system workflow starts with sensors that collect data from the incubator. Then, the data is sent in real-time to the internet of things (IoT) broker eclipse mosquito using the message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol version 5.0. After that, the data is stored in a database for analysis using the long short-term memory network (LSTM) method and displayed in a web application using an application programming interface (API) service. Furthermore, the experimental results produce as many as 2,880 rows of data stored in the database. The correlation coefficient between the target attribute and other attributes ranges from 0.23 to 0.48. Next, several experiments were conducted to evaluate the model-predicted value on the test data. The best results are obtained using a two-layer LSTM configuration model, each with 60 neurons and a lookback setting 6. This model produces an R 2 value of 0.934, with a root mean square error (RMSE) value of 0.015 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.008. In addition, the R 2 value was also evaluated for each attribute used as input, with a result of values between 0.590 and 0.845.
A review on internet of things-based stingless bee's honey production with im...IJECEIAES
Honey is produced exclusively by honeybees and stingless bees which both are well adapted to tropical and subtropical regions such as Malaysia. Stingless bees are known for producing small amounts of honey and are known for having a unique flavor profile. Problem identified that many stingless bees collapsed due to weather, temperature and environment. It is critical to understand the relationship between the production of stingless bee honey and environmental conditions to improve honey production. Thus, this paper presents a review on stingless bee's honey production and prediction modeling. About 54 previous research has been analyzed and compared in identifying the research gaps. A framework on modeling the prediction of stingless bee honey is derived. The result presents the comparison and analysis on the internet of things (IoT) monitoring systems, honey production estimation, convolution neural networks (CNNs), and automatic identification methods on bee species. It is identified based on image detection method the top best three efficiency presents CNN is at 98.67%, densely connected convolutional networks with YOLO v3 is 97.7%, and DenseNet201 convolutional networks 99.81%. This study is significant to assist the researcher in developing a model for predicting stingless honey produced by bee's output, which is important for a stable economy and food security.
A trust based secure access control using authentication mechanism for intero...IJECEIAES
The internet of things (IoT) is a revolutionary innovation in many aspects of our society including interactions, financial activity, and global security such as the military and battlefield internet. Due to the limited energy and processing capacity of network devices, security, energy consumption, compatibility, and device heterogeneity are the long-term IoT problems. As a result, energy and security are critical for data transmission across edge and IoT networks. Existing IoT interoperability techniques need more computation time, have unreliable authentication mechanisms that break easily, lose data easily, and have low confidentiality. In this paper, a key agreement protocol-based authentication mechanism for IoT devices is offered as a solution to this issue. This system makes use of information exchange, which must be secured to prevent access by unauthorized users. Using a compact contiki/cooja simulator, the performance and design of the suggested framework are validated. The simulation findings are evaluated based on detection of malicious nodes after 60 minutes of simulation. The suggested trust method, which is based on privacy access control, reduced packet loss ratio to 0.32%, consumed 0.39% power, and had the greatest average residual energy of 0.99 mJoules at 10 nodes.
Fuzzy linear programming with the intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy numbersIJECEIAES
In real world applications, data are subject to ambiguity due to several factors; fuzzy sets and fuzzy numbers propose a great tool to model such ambiguity. In case of hesitation, the complement of a membership value in fuzzy numbers can be different from the non-membership value, in which case we can model using intuitionistic fuzzy numbers as they provide flexibility by defining both a membership and a non-membership functions. In this article, we consider the intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming problem with intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy numbers, which is a generalization of the previous polygonal fuzzy numbers found in the literature. We present a modification of the simplex method that can be used to solve any general intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming problem after approximating the problem by an intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy number with n edges. This method is given in a simple tableau formulation, and then applied on numerical examples for clarity.
The performance of artificial intelligence in prostate magnetic resonance im...IJECEIAES
Prostate cancer is the predominant form of cancer observed in men worldwide. The application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a guidance tool for conducting biopsies has been established as a reliable and well-established approach in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The diagnostic performance of MRI-guided prostate cancer diagnosis exhibits significant heterogeneity due to the intricate and multi-step nature of the diagnostic pathway. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) models, specifically through the utilization of machine learning techniques such as deep learning, is assuming an increasingly significant role in the field of radiology. In the realm of prostate MRI, a considerable body of literature has been dedicated to the development of various AI algorithms. These algorithms have been specifically designed for tasks such as prostate segmentation, lesion identification, and classification. The overarching objective of these endeavors is to enhance diagnostic performance and foster greater agreement among different observers within MRI scans for the prostate. This review article aims to provide a concise overview of the application of AI in the field of radiology, with a specific focus on its utilization in prostate MRI.
Seizure stage detection of epileptic seizure using convolutional neural networksIJECEIAES
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), seventy million individuals worldwide suffer from epilepsy, a neurological disorder. While electroencephalography (EEG) is crucial for diagnosing epilepsy and monitoring the brain activity of epilepsy patients, it requires a specialist to examine all EEG recordings to find epileptic behavior. This procedure needs an experienced doctor, and a precise epilepsy diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment. To identify epileptic seizures, this study employed a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on raw scalp EEG signals to discriminate between preictal, ictal, postictal, and interictal segments. The possibility of these characteristics is explored by examining how well timedomain signals work in the detection of epileptic signals using intracranial Freiburg Hospital (FH), scalp Children's Hospital Boston-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (CHB-MIT) databases, and Temple University Hospital (TUH) EEG. To test the viability of this approach, two types of experiments were carried out. Firstly, binary class classification (preictal, ictal, postictal each versus interictal) and four-class classification (interictal versus preictal versus ictal versus postictal). The average accuracy for stage detection using CHB-MIT database was 84.4%, while the Freiburg database's time-domain signals had an accuracy of 79.7% and the highest accuracy of 94.02% for classification in the TUH EEG database when comparing interictal stage to preictal stage.
Analysis of driving style using self-organizing maps to analyze driver behaviorIJECEIAES
Modern life is strongly associated with the use of cars, but the increase in acceleration speeds and their maneuverability leads to a dangerous driving style for some drivers. In these conditions, the development of a method that allows you to track the behavior of the driver is relevant. The article provides an overview of existing methods and models for assessing the functioning of motor vehicles and driver behavior. Based on this, a combined algorithm for recognizing driving style is proposed. To do this, a set of input data was formed, including 20 descriptive features: About the environment, the driver's behavior and the characteristics of the functioning of the car, collected using OBD II. The generated data set is sent to the Kohonen network, where clustering is performed according to driving style and degree of danger. Getting the driving characteristics into a particular cluster allows you to switch to the private indicators of an individual driver and considering individual driving characteristics. The application of the method allows you to identify potentially dangerous driving styles that can prevent accidents.
Hyperspectral object classification using hybrid spectral-spatial fusion and ...IJECEIAES
Because of its spectral-spatial and temporal resolution of greater areas, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has found widespread application in the field of object classification. The HSI is typically used to accurately determine an object's physical characteristics as well as to locate related objects with appropriate spectral fingerprints. As a result, the HSI has been extensively applied to object identification in several fields, including surveillance, agricultural monitoring, environmental research, and precision agriculture. However, because of their enormous size, objects require a lot of time to classify; for this reason, both spectral and spatial feature fusion have been completed. The existing classification strategy leads to increased misclassification, and the feature fusion method is unable to preserve semantic object inherent features; This study addresses the research difficulties by introducing a hybrid spectral-spatial fusion (HSSF) technique to minimize feature size while maintaining object intrinsic qualities; Lastly, a soft-margins kernel is proposed for multi-layer deep support vector machine (MLDSVM) to reduce misclassification. The standard Indian pines dataset is used for the experiment, and the outcome demonstrates that the HSSF-MLDSVM model performs substantially better in terms of accuracy and Kappa coefficient.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
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information objects are displayed on the active screen at the same time. The lack of usability of this
application’s type could be confusing and difficult to understand for the person who does not know the place
especially for a foreigner, furthermore this issue can make users fail to find their destination. Figure 1 reveals
the usability indication issues on the presentation view of standard or common solutions of location-based
AR on smart phone that use sensor based tracking. Based on that issues, there is a need to consider the user
experience as a definitive factor in requirement specification for develop a location-based AR application.
Figure 1. Standard location-based AR presentation interface of Wikitude [7] and Mixare [8]
User-centered design process could optimize the traditional development process by bringing an
“early-fail” to support rapid prototyping. This process includes participatory design to capture user behaviors.
Rather than focusing on fully developing a single idea to high fidelity system, the user centered design
process makes rapid progress on multiple ideas toward a minimum viable product by quickly eliminating
flawed concepts [9].
A user journey map (UJM) is a recently emerged method for designing and assessing user
experience in the product design field. This map adds a third dimension feature to a traditional user persona
by focusing on a diachronic outline of a user and a product [10]. Dove et al build a lightweight journey
mapping framework that led to new insights about how customers were using a product [11]. Previous works
on usage of user journey map also prove that a journey map can illustrate a graphic visualization of a user’s
experience with a product [12-14].
In this paper, we explain an implementation of user journey map as a tool for rapidly convert user
experience into software requirements to design a prototype of mobile location-based AR systems that can
help users to find their destination intuitively. This research use user journey map to capture pain and
behavior of the user using the following metrics: (1) effectiveness, (2) learnability, and (3) satisfaction.
In addition, this research also conducts a comparative study between standard location-based AR application
and improved location-based AR application with new requirements that considering human factor from user
journey map result.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
Developing an effective location-based AR application for instance is not simply a matter of
technical wizardry. This is due to the fact that physical and real-life objects of the user's environment take an
increasing role in the design.
2.1. Usability oriented approach
Usability is defined as the quality attribute of user interface in a product such as mobile applications.
Usability definition is often referenced into “effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction with which a specified
set of users can achieve a specified set of tasks in a particular environment”. Usability attributes are precise
and measurable key factors of the usability. Usability attributes include e.g. that systems are easy and fast to
learn, efficient to use, easy to remember, allow rapid recovery from errors and offer a high degree of user
satisfaction. According to this definition, a product’s usability key factors are determined as follow [15]:
Effectiveness-whether users can achieve what they want to do with the product. Efficiency-how long it takes
them to achieve it. Satisfaction – their feelings and attitude towards the product.
In this research, we intend to use usability oriented approaches to extract the information which
could be useful for a user and will focus on three aspects that we have found relevant when designing AR
applications: field study, user scenario and user journey mapping.
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2.2. Field study
Ethnographic study is mostly naturalistic approach that can be used to analyze the user activities and
behaviors [16]. Based on this approach, we involved the user in designing phase of this AR application.
User behaviors place a strong emphasis on the necessity for design phase. This method commonly called a
participatory design [17]. We collect our user’s persona before we conduct the designing phase. A persona is
a useful tool for describing user profile of a specific target group, it convey the relevant demographic,
psychographic, behavioral, and needs-based attributes [18]. When users are involved in design phase,
it means that the design methodology cannot be limited to a description of the task at hand. The methodology
has to consider the whole environment (physical, technical and social) in which the task is performed.
This requires an in-depth analysis of user’s activities in order to understand their successful work practices
and to identify the limitations of the current way of working. Number of participants that involved in the
usability field study and testing can be varied. Number of participants that involved in the usability field
study and testing can be varied. Faulkner prescribes that 10 participants will discover as many usability
issues as more number of individuals will do. The involvement of 10 contributors is capable enough to give
the proportional value-to-cost ratio in usability testing [19]. According to the literature studies, we involve 10
participants in this research.
The participants were chosen based on four characteristics: (1) they have been using Android
smartphone, (2) understand English, (3) can read directions and (4) doesn’t know exact location on the map.
Background questionnaire was given to validate that all participants meet the characteristics. All participants
are undergraduate and postgraduate students who have good understanding in English and have been using
Android smartphone in supporting their daily activities. Participants' ages are ranged from 20 to 28 years old.
2.3. User scenario
As a way to concretely embody a view of user’s actual and future activities, scenarios have proven
very useful in mobile AR design projects [20]. Particular scenarios will enable the description of how AR
devices would affect the way of users carry out their individual and collective task activities. The scenario is
outlined in several tasks in sequential order. Each participant will be responsible for completing all specific
instruction scenarios. Scenarios included in this research were divided into two tasks, Blind Search and
Directed Search. We test all of the scenarios on the same hardware device and the same distance location
then we measure and compare the result between standard location-based AR and our approach prototype. In
Blind Search, participants will be asked to do some actions. Table 1 depicts the detail activities on blind
search scenario.
Table 1. Task: blind search
Task Description
1 Start the App
2 Find the random location that given to the participant in average 300 m radius.
3 Use AR explore views, to see the augmented POI.
4 Go to the given location that appear in the AR screen.
In Directed Search, the participant will be asked to do some actions that shown in Table 2. We test
the scenario on the same hardware device and the participant will choose one destination that located in same
range distance then we measure and compare the result between standard location-based AR and our
approach prototype. Table 2 shows the detail activities on directed search scenario.
Table 2. Task: directed search
Task Description
1 Start the App
2
Open Map View mode and select one place that appear on the map when distance
in average 300 m radius.
3 Enter AR explore view, see the augmented POI.
4 Go to location that appear in the screen.
When they did the scenario’s task, we observed and mapped the process by using data collection
forms to record each step transaction.We evaluated the time and success rate of the journeys and after that,
a specific data collection form will be used to record the steps needed to complete each scenario.
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Procedures to follow for each scenario: 1) Describe each step of the process to each participant as an
application user. 2) Rate user personal success and elapsed time in completing each step. 3) Record all users
personal reactions to the experiences when they complete the scenario using questionnaires. 4) Let users use
any and all resources at their disposal to complete these scenarios with one exception. Do not confer with
each other.
2.4. User journey mapping
Visualization and mapping techniques are valuable tools for communication and collaboration in
user experience professional domain. It can transform system requirements and processes into visible
dimensions and create clarity about what elements within the service system have contributed to the
experience [21]. In software development process, it is often that software designers become subjectively
entranced to what they like and prefer and such questions about funding, time and procedure to conduct the
tests, or even the test requirement are emerging [22].
User journey map (UJM) produced a visual picture of how users had experienced their traveling to a
particular destination using Location-based AR Applications. Detail components of a user journey map are
described in [23]. A user journey map is a table with user’s steps through time on the horizontal axis,
and along the vertical axis there are metrics or themes category for analysis. The steps on the horizontal axis
will vary according to the problem domain, but the vertical axis usually stays the same [24]. Figure 2 depicts
our user journey map framework.
Figure 2. Result of user journey map
In this research, we use action, question, happy moment, pain point, and opportunities as vertical
axis parameters. Actions: the thing the user needs to do to move to the next step. Questions: the things that
the user needs answering before they’ll be willing to move to the next step. Happy moments: positive,
enjoyable things that improve the experience. Pain points: frustrations and annoyances that spoil the
experience. Opportunities: design enhancements that you could implement in a new product, that address any
of the problems identified.
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2.5. Insight from UJM
From collected scenario data in our user journey map, the pain point and opportunities regions are
main concern of our insight. Pain point and happy moment regions give a clue about problems that user must
face when using standard location-based AR application. We propose our solution based on user pain in
opportunities region. Nevertheless, in this study we are not dealing with all opportunities which are located in
the User Journey Map. Table 3 shows our requirements summary from user journey insight.
Table 3. Opportunities summary from UJM
# Problem Opportunities
1
Difficult to read Information when 2 or more POI overlap
each other.
Create adjustments mechanism for POI that appear
on screen.
2 No clues about how to go to POI location
3
Users can’t read information clearly when 2 or more POIs
overlap each other.
Create a new feature that can step by step guides
user to POI location.
4
Difficult to find exact POI, actually when the location is
behind another building
5
Users don’t know how far the distance they should take to
the POI.
Give meaningful notification when user are
approaching their destination
2.6. Prototype description
The study is designed for evaluating the impact of using the User Journey Map to gather insights in
order to improve the user experience when participants are using location-based AR for the navigation tasks.
From Table 3, we can specify the main requirements that needed to be built in order to improve location
based AR experience. To prove our finding, the mobile AR prototype which was developed in our research
aims at providing assistance to the users with regard to accessing and receiving time-table information about
the bus transport network of Zhongli District, Taiwan.
The application architecture of this prototype adopts the 3-tier architecture for data transactions.
It involves three key concepts: use web service as data service, modularity in software development,
for superior performance and portability, it separates the components of application servers that containing
business logic functions and database servers that containing databases physically into different tiers/layers
(due to its considerable transportation data size). There are hundreds of routes in Zhongli District, Taiwan
and each route have many bus stop objects. As study scope, this application only generate the augmented
reality POI objects in one route that chosen by the user.
The proposed location-based AR application sends a request to the server and then generates the
POIs based on data in the database. After the application gets response data and phone location,
it synchronizes the POI with smartphone orientation and movement sensors data. Thus, the POIs marker can
be rendered and displayed accurately on the smartphone screen presentation through superimposing virtual
objects over real-world bus stop locations. The detailed development methods and system architecture of the
proposed prototype clearly described in previous research [25].
2.6.1. Adjustment mechanism of POI that appear on screen
The application should focus on the device’s location and orientation. This means if a user are in a
particular place and pointing the device in a particular direction, it shows only the virtual landmark object
annotations that corresponding to that place and direction that matched with user radius distance and
landmark coordinate on the database as shown in Figure 3. The user also needed information about real-time
distance. With sensors based data, the distance between the user and the POI landmark can be determined by
Haversine formula calculation [26].
Figure 3. Mechanism to adjust the POI that appear on screen
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The number of POIs that shown in application are determined accordingly based on the radius from
the user location. First, it reads the device location then perform POI data request to the web service which is
used to process the client request and determine the data source. Next, response data from web service will be
computed and transformed to augmented reality marker in client side. Finally, the generated marker will be
displayed based on device orientation which is captured using smart phone sensors. Additionally, if there are
two or more POI objects in the same direction, another method to separate more important augmented reality
POI from less important ones, is to occlude the ones that are farther away from the user’s current location.
Given the fact that the more distant POIs are most likely less important than the closer ones, it is not a severe
loss of information if a shape gets fully hidden by a closer one as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4. Illustration of the occluded POI markers adjustment
2.6.2. Step by step navigation view
To give the user a more dynamic way of finding his route, views based on augmented reality could
be offered to him. We design UI/UX transition of our prototype based on [27] that reveal in location-based
AR scenario, users are easily identifying the annotation objects when they have highlight on a landmark,
direction arrows to next waypoint and the remaining distance information to a particular POI. On top of user
camera feed of his smartphone, additional helpful information for his current routing segment would be
displayed. This approach makes our proposed prototype can provides step by step navigation rather than
display all required POI on the same screen as in standard location based AR. Figure 5 depicts the detail user
interfaces in the location-based AR prototype which was used in this study.
Figure 5. The user interfaces of proposed prototype (a) step by step guidance and
(b) POI change shape based on user distance
The different marker icons illustrate the POI of respective bus stops and the direction guidance that
user should follow to enter the bus stop destination. All of them are accompanied by an info window that
contain detail information about the destination and next waypoint to turn right or turn left as well as its
distance from the current user’s location. An intuitive feature also added to informs that the user are
approaching the destination. The POI marker icon will change automatically when the user is near (less than
20 m) to the final target destination location as shown in Figure 5b.
(a) (b)
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2.7. User evaluation
As described in IEEE standards [28], validation needed to check whether all software functionalities
have satisfied the requirements. To evaluate the feasibility of our approach to gather software requirements,
we compare both standard AR and proposed prototype which was built based on our insight from user
journey map to demonstrate the usability improvement of the location-based AR application. In the
following, we test several case studies on top of an Android platform. To gather detailed insights into
navigation performance, usability testing is used. We ask the participants to do the same task scenarios as in
field study phase with both applications, standard AR and our proposed prototype in blind search and
directed search. With step-by-step navigation marker in the proposed AR prototype, a user would see at least
one next waypoint and his final target. Therefore, the user only need to follow the POI guidance to go to the
destination. Oppositely, when using the standard location-based AR, a user don’t have a clue about when to
turn left or turn right to go to destination.
3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
The usability testing is the most often utilized method for verifying and validating the quality of
software [29]. In IEEE standard validation [30], time and success rate mentioned as parameter for efficiency
and correctness, so we use travel time and success rate as efficiency indicator to comparatively evaluated our
approach in comparison with standard location-based AR. From the scenario testing, the following measures
were captured: 1) Required time: defined as the time between the POI being displayed on the AR screen until
the participant indicating their arrival on POI location. 2) Success rate: defined as the number of correct road
selections for the entire route, expressed as a percentage. 3) Degree of usability: defined as the value of each
usability factors effectiveness, learnability, and satisfaction. Captured using a questionnaire that completed
after all conditions had been experienced and presented as a mean ranking. 4) General comments: Captured
using a bespoke questionnaire at the end of the scenario testing, within the discussion and interview section.
The usability testing is done with the questionnaire on participant assessment of our prototype
application. We performed a survey based on [31] to get some feedbacks and user experiences about our
prototype. The questionnaires cover three factors of usability, i.e. effectiveness, learnability, and satisfaction.
Testing result of each scenario and summary of participant’s questionnaire about usability factors degree that
ranged from 0 to 100 are summed up in Table 4.
Table 4. Average value of descriptive statistics testing result
Variables
Test Conditions
Standard
Location AR
(Mean) / (SD)
Proposed
Location AR
(Mean) / (SD)
Time (minutes) :
- Blind Search 14.9 / 2.13 5.40 / 1.40
- Directed Search 7.86 / 1.10 5.12 / 0.86
Success Rate :
- Blind Search 100% 100%
- Directed Search 100% 100%
Questionnaires :
Q1 : This system prototype will allow me to find a location faster 73.6 / 5.08 94 / 9.66
Q2: The information that overlaid on camera screen is helpful. 79.1 / 5.36 90 / 10.54
Q3: Learning to operate the application prototype is easy for me 68.1 / 3.28 91 / 9.94
Q4: I think that using the prototype fits well with the way I like to use a mobile device. 83.3 / 8.03 87 / 11.60
Q5: Whenever I make a mistake inside the prototype, I could recover easily and quickly 75.1 / 4.72 93 / 9.49
Q6: Overall, I’m satisfied and I think this system complete task is helpful. 79.3 / 1.64 95 / 7.07
The results indicate that the general pattern is similar, meaning items were scored significantly
better in the prototype of location-based AR that developed based on UJM insights. Although both of the
apps could help user to find the destination with same level of success rate, considering the total time for
performing each scenario condition, participants completed the experiment task faster with proposed
location-based AR system, for blind search scenario (Mean=5.4, Min= 4, and Max= 8.83) while the standard
location-based AR is (Mean=14.9, Min=12, and Max=20). Directed search scenario reveals the same result
that proposed location-based AR also have better time (Mean=5.12, Min=4, and Max=7) than standard
location-based AR (Mean=7.86, Min=6.6, and Max=10). This data proves that presenting POI as a step by
step navigation can be better understandable to user rather than display many augmented POI information on
screen at the same time. Participants also made similar comments in favor of our AR approach and against
the standard location-based AR, supporting the result of time and success rate. “[Standard location-based
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AR] could lead to lots of errors easily. It was confusing, hard to follow, and time consuming.” One
participant who fails to complete the scenario noted that “it was not easy to find the POI object location
because it was placed behind another building especially in blind search scenario”. Although our proposed
location-based AR system was rated more highly than the standard one, the majority of participants made
several comments about drift problem. One participant stated, “The proposed system prototype is very
intuitive to use but sometime there is a mismatch between the objects and the augmentations so need precise
GPS coordinate,” and another noted that “even the POI augmentations were not exactly matching (on the
right object), but with information on the screen, I could easily guess the right location.”
4. CONCLUSION
This paper proposes user journey mapping method to gather software requirements of a location-
based augmented reality application for pedestrian usage. The main objective of user journey mapping is
considering user-centered perspective while investigating the real user’s experience and their personal
requirements. To prove our concept, both standard location-based AR and the prototype of our approach had
been tested and compared in an uncontrolled environment and a real-time environment as well. Overall, the
two applications tied with respect to success rate criteria. Nevertheless, standard location-based AR interface
still need to resolve usability issues. The results also revealed strong preferences to the similar application
developer that the key to make location-based AR can efficiently support its user was how the POIs are
presented in the smart phone screen. The amount of POIs in the augmented reality can be confusing, users are
easier to learn the step by step POI scenario. Additionally, the overall functional requirement that gathered
from user journey map could significantly enhance the user action (in terms of reducing travel time) when
using our proposed location-based AR presentation, compared to standard location-based AR system. This
result also proves that user journey map is an effective tool for communication and collaboration in early
phase of software development process. Insight form user journey could help developer team to build rapid
software requirements that consider human factors to develop a more robust and reliable system that have
good usability level as well.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Komang Candra Brata is a Lecturer in the Department of Computer Science, Universitas
Brawijaya. He received the MSc degree in Department of Computer Science and Information
Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan in 2014 as an International Dual Degree
Master student between University of Brawijaya, Indonesia and National Central University,
Taiwan. He completed his Bachelor degree in Department of Informatics Engineering,
University of Brawijaya, Indonesia in 2012. His research interest are in the areas of software
engineering and information technology, distributed systems, mobile application development,
deep learning and augmented reality.
Deron Liang is a Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Information
Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan. He received a BS degree in electrical
engineering from National Taiwan University in 1983, a MS and a PhD in computer science
from the University of Maryland at College Park, USA in 1991 and 1992 respectively. He also
holds joint appointment with the Institute of Information Science (IIS), Academia Sinica, Taipei,
Taiwan, Republic of China. He was with IIS from 1993 till 2001. Dr. Liang’s current research
interests are in the areas of software fault-tolerance, system security, distributed systems, object
oriented and system reliability analysis. Dr. Liang is a member of ACM and IEEE.