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1. AMINO ACIDS
WASIM AHMED
DEPT OF BIO-TECH
UST, BANNU

2. BIRD’S EYE OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION OF AMINO ACIDS
HISTORY OF AMINO ACIDS
STRUCTURE OF AMINO ACIDS
CLASSIFICATION
ROLE OTHER THEN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS

3. “When you understand the
amino acids, you understand
everything”
Dr. Richard Barnardshah

4. Amino Acids Are The Building
Blocks Of Proteins Which Are
Range Of Substances Holding
First Place In Architecture Of All
Living Things

5. HISTORY OF AMINO ACIDS

6. The f i r st f ew ami no aci ds wer e di scover ed i n t he
ear l y 19t h cent ur y. I n 1806, Fr ench chemi st s Loui s-
Ni col as and Pi er r e Jean i sol at ed a compound
i n aspar agus t hat was subsequent l y named Aspar agi ne
t he f i r st ami no aci d t o be di scover ed. Cyst i ne was
di scover ed i n 1810,al t hough i t s monomer , cyst ei ne,
r emai ned undi scover ed unt i l 1884.Gl yci ne
and l euci ne wer e di scover ed i n 1820.Usage of t he
t er m ami no aci d i n t he Engl i sh l anguage i s f r om
1898. Pr ot ei ns wer e f ound t o yi el d ami no aci ds af t er
enzymat i c di gest i on or aci d hydr ol ysi s. I n
1902, Emi l Fi scher and Fr anz Hof mei st er pr oposed
t hat pr ot ei ns ar e t he r esul t of t he f or mat i on of
bonds bet ween t he ami no gr oup of one ami no aci d
wi t h t he car boxyl gr oup of anot her , i n a l i near
st r uct ur e whi ch Fi scher t er med pept i de.

7. Structure of an amino acid

8. STERIOISOMERS
DEXTRO ROTATORY AMINO ACIDS
LEVO ROTATORY AMINO ACIDS

9. REMEMBER
Three hundred to five hundred kinds of
amino acids have been discovered in
nature. However, only 20 of them are
usually found as compounds of human
peptides and proteins.

10. CLASSIFICATION OF AMINO ACIDS
AMINO ACIDS DON’T FALL NEATLY
INTO CLASSES--THEY ARE DIFFERENT
COMBINATIONS OF SMALL/LARGE,
CHARGED/UNCHARGED,
POLAR/NONPOLAR PROPERTIES

11. HYDROPHOBIC AMINO ACIDS
ALIPHATIC AMINO ACIDS

12. GLACIERS IN ALASKA
VICTORIOUSLY LOCATE
ISOLATED PROWLERS

14. HYDROPHOBIC AMINO ACIDS
AROMATIC AMINO ACIDS

15. YET THE AROMA OF PINE (WHICH
HAVE FINE NEEDLES), TIMBER (
WHICH IS YELLOW AND OTHER
TREES ( WHICH HAVE WIDE
TRUNKS) IS GOOD TO MISS!

17. HYDROPHILIC AMINO ACIDS
ALCOHOLIC AMINO ACIDS
BASIC AMINO ACIDS
ACIDIC AMINO ACIDS

18. Health Care Professionals Think
That Alcohol Is A Serious Treat

19. Serious Treat
E H
R R
I E
N O
E N
I
N
E

20. BASIC AMINO ACIDS
HUMANITY BELIEVES IN LOVE,
KINDNESS & RECTITUDE

21. HUMANITY (HISTIDINE)
KINDNESS (LYSINE)
RECTITUDE (ARGENINE)

22. Acids, As Per Knowledge
That Can't Be Doubted, Are
Component Of GluE
ACIDIC AMINO ACIDS
Aspartate (D)
Glutamate (E)

23. AMIDE AMINO ACIDS

24. Normally People Don't Apologies For
Their Gaffee & Quarrels
Asparagine N
Glutamine Q

25. Acids, Aspartate & Glutamate
Amide, Asparagine & Glutamine
Remember Amide Loves Amine

26. In Between, Sulphur Containing
Amino Acids are Methionine
and Cysteine

27. Cysteines Are Extra Special

28. PROPERTIES OF AA
Amino acids are crystalline solids able to dissolve
in water. Meanwhile, they only dissolve sparingly
in organic solvents, and the extent of their
solubility depends on the size and nature of the
side chain. Amino acids have very high melting
points - up to 200-300°C, and other properties
vary for each particular amino acid.

29. ROLE OF AMINO ACIDS OTHER
THAN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

30. Aside from playing an important role in protein and enzyme
synthesis, amino acids are considered very crucial for your good
health, since they contribute considerably to the health of the
human nervous system, hormone production, and muscular
structure. In addition, they are needed for vital organs and
cellular structure. If a person experiences low levels of the
essential amino acids, this may cause hormonal imbalances,
lack of concentration, irritability, and even depression.

31. THE ABC'S OF AMINO ACIDS
Al ani ne ai ds i n t he met abol i sm of gl ucose,
a si mpl e car bohydr at e t hat t he body uses
f or ener gy. Chr oni c f at i gue have been
associ at ed wi t h excessi ve al ani ne l evel s
and l ow l evel s of t yr osi ne and
phenyl al ani ne. One f or m of al ani ne, bet a-
al ani ne, i s a const i t uent of pant ot heni c
aci d and coenzyme A, a vi t al cat al yst i n
t he body

32. Ar gi ni ne r et ar ds t he gr owt h of t umor s and cancer by
enhanci ng i mmune f unct i on. I t i ncr eases t he si ze and
act i vi t y of t he t hymus gl and, whi ch manuf act ur es T
l ymphocyt es (T cel l s). Ar gi ni ne may t her ef or e benef i t
t hose suf f er i ng f r om AI DS and mal i gnant di seases t hat
suppr ess t he i mmune syst em. I t i s al so good f or l i ver
di sor der s such as ci r r hosi s of t he l i ver and f at t y
l i ver ; Semi nal f l ui d cont ai ns ar gi ni ne. St udi es suggest
t hat sexual mat ur i t y may be del ayed by ar gi ni ne
def i ci ency; conver sel y, ar gi ni ne i s usef ul i n t r eat i ng
st er i l i t y i n men. I t i s f ound i n hi gh concent r at i ons i n
t he ski n and connect i ve t i ssues, maki ng i t hel pf ul f or
heal i ng and r epai r of damaged t i ssue.

33. Aspar agi ne i s needed t o mai nt ai n bal ance i n t he
cent r al ner vous syst em; i t pr event s you f r om
bei ng ei t her over l y ner vous or over l y cal m. I t
pr omot es t he pr ocess by whi ch one ami no aci d i s
t r ansf or med i nt o anot her i n t he l i ver . Thi s
ami no aci d i s f ound most l y i n meat sour ces.

34. Aspar t i c Aci d Because aspar t i c aci d i ncr eases st ami na,
i t i s good f or f at i gue and pl ays a vi t al r ol e i n
met abol i sm. Chr oni c f at i gue may r esul t f r om l ow l evel s
of aspar t i c aci d, because t hi s l eads t o l ower ed cel l ul ar
ener gy. I t i s benef i ci al f or neur al and br ai n di sor der s.
I t i s good f or at hl et es. Aspar t i c aci d combi nes wi t h
ot her ami no aci ds t o f or m mol ecul es t hat absor b t oxi ns
and r emove t hem f r om t he bl oodst r eam.

35. Gl ut ami c aci d i s an exci t at or y neur ot r ansmi t t er t hat
i ncr eases t he f i r i ng of neur ons i n t he cent r al ner vous
syst em. I t i s a maj or exci t at or y neur ot r ansmi t t er i n
t he br ai n and spi nal cor d and i s t he pr ecur sor of GABA.
Thi s ami no aci d i s i mpor t ant i n t he met abol i sm of
sugar s and f at s The br ai n can use gl ut ami c aci d as
f uel . Gl ut ami c aci d can det oxi f y ammoni a by pi cki ng up
ni t r ogen at oms, i n t he pr ocess cr eat i ng anot her ami no
aci d, gl ut ami ne. The conver si on of gl ut ami c aci d i nt o
gl ut ami ne i s t he onl y means by whi ch ammoni a i n t he
br ai n can be det oxi f i ed.

36. Gl ut ami ne i s t he most abundant f r ee ami no aci d
f ound i n t he muscl es of t he body. I t al so
i ncr eases t he amount of GABA, whi ch i s needed
t o sust ai n pr oper br ai n f unct i on and ment al
act i vi t y. I t assi st s i n mai nt ai ni ng t he pr oper
aci d/al kal i ne bal ance i n t he body GABA has
been used i n t he t r eat ment of epi l epsy and
hyper t ensi on. I t i s good f or depr essed sex
dr i ve because of i t s abi l i t y as a r el axant . I t
i s al so usef ul f or enl ar ged pr ost at e, pr obabl y
because i t pl ays a r ol e i n t he mechani sm
r egul at i ng t he r el ease of sex hor mones.

37. Amino acids in pharmaceuticals