Americas Colonization
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The document discusses the settlement patterns and goals of the French, English, and Spanish in North America. The French established settlements along the Mississippi River in the late 17th century such as Kaskaskia to connect Canadian and northern territories to the Gulf of Mexico. They traded supplies via the Mississippi River. The Spanish colonization was less successful due to poor equipment and low immigration. They sought to establish Catholicism and control territory for defense. Both the French and Spanish pushed Catholicism on native populations, while the English were less consistent in establishing religion in their colonies.
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Contact between Native Americans and Europeans resulted in the spread of diseases and the exchange of animals and crops. Europeans unintentionally introduced smallpox, measles, and other deadly diseases to Native Americans, devastating populations. Native Americans introduced diseases like syphilis to Europeans. The Spanish exploited Native Americans by taking their land and gold and making them slaves. While some Native American cultures were conquered and adopted European ways of life, the widespread disease led to massive depopulation of Native American populations.
Impact Of European Exploration And Colonization On Native
European colonization of the Americas significantly impacted native populations from the 15th to 19th centuries. Indigenous groups faced displacement, warfare, enslavement, and diseases brought by Europeans, against which they had no immunity. The Arawak population in Haiti was reduced from 250,000 to just 500 by 1550 due to these factors. Horses introduced by Europeans allowed some tribes to expand their territories but also aided colonizers. Epidemics of diseases like smallpox often immediately followed exploration and destroyed entire villages, with historians estimating up to 80% of some native groups died from European illnesses. The exploration by Europeans marked the beginning of drastic changes to native life in the Americas.
Effects of european settlement in americas
European settlement in the Americas had profound effects on both native peoples and the newcomers. They exchanged knowledge of food items, widening each other's diets. Over time, European weapons proved more powerful than native arms, changing hunting and warfare. As European communities grew and resembled European towns, native villages were often destroyed or displaced. Europeans also tried to impose their Christian religions and languages on native populations, though native spiritual practices and some languages survived. The landscape and culture of the Americas was largely shaped by this encounter between European colonists and the indigenous peoples.
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European Colonization Of The Americas Part 4 (Great Britain)
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Life in colonial spanish america
The document discusses life in colonial Spanish America from the 15th to 19th centuries. It describes how Spain expanded its empire across Central and South America through conquistadors seeking trade and Christian conversion. Over centuries of colonization, the Spanish established missions to convert indigenous populations to Catholicism and instituted a complex caste system based on racial hierarchies to maintain power. Despite Crown policies, intermixing was common between Spaniards, indigenous peoples, and African slaves brought by the Spanish. The rigid social structure broke down over time as mestizo and mixed-race populations grew larger than the Spanish. Independence movements in the early 19th century led former colonies to become independent nations, politically ending Spanish rule in the Americas.
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This document provides an overview of the diversity of colonial societies in North America and Latin America between 1530-1770. It discusses demographic changes from disease, the transfer of plants and animals between hemispheres, the establishment of Spanish, Portuguese, French and English colonies, and their varying social structures. It also summarizes reforms undertaken in the 18th century by Spain, Portugal and Britain to better administer and profit from their colonial holdings.
W7L3European Age of ExplorationA World Map from Alberto Cantin.docx
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European Age of Exploration
A World Map from Alberto Cantino, 1502
When we last left Europe, the Islamic trading influences had sparked a revolution of ideas in Italy that began to spread across the cultural centers of European kingdoms. The Italian Renaissance slowly spread across Europe, bringing new innovations in technology, art, music, scientific understanding, mathematics, and medicine. In turn these ideas had sparked the Reformation. However, by the sixteenth century, as the Reformation picked up steam and began spreading radical religious ideas throughout Christendom, already some European kingdoms had begun applying Renaissance inventions to new economic opportunities: Exploration.
The presence of patronage throughout royal courts had encouraged a stability of economies. This stability was called mercantilism – the economic doctrine that assumes government control of foreign trade is the most important element of ensuring prosperity for a given state. The idea is that trading partners need each other to prosper, so trading states are less likely to war with each other over minor details, lest that diminishes trade. The downside to mercantilism is that it can foster an atmosphere of such extreme competition between two or more states that other states end up falling prey to that intense rivalry. This is exactly what happened with cultures in Africa, North America, the Caribbean, and Mesoamerica. But the immediacy of stability caused by mercantilism contributed to the standing atmosphere of intellectual curiosity and increasing centralized governments to lead expeditions outside of European domains.
Portugal
The Portuguese had regained control over the Kingdom of Portugal in 1415, when conquering Christian forces had expelled the occupying Moors. Spain still had some years of fighting left to regain control over the remaining Iberian Peninsula, but Portugal began to set its affairs in order and set its sights on increased trade. Playing a key role in this development was Prince Henry the Navigator.
Prince Henry the Navigator extended Portuguese trade ports throughout the coasts of Africa and into India
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And so, Portugues.
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This document provides a summary of early European colonization in North America. It discusses how Spain was initially successful in colonizing Mexico, the Caribbean, and South America, gaining wealth from the Aztec and Incan Empires. However, other European powers like Portugal, France, the Netherlands, and England began establishing their own colonies to try to match Spain's gains. The French focused on fur trading in Canada. The Dutch set up the colony of New Netherland in present-day New York and New Jersey and also engaged in the fur trade. Both the French and Dutch generally had more cooperative relationships with Native Americans than the Spanish. The document also discusses the establishment of Spanish colonies in Florida and New Mexico and the introduction of African
AP WH Chapter 17
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American colonies prelude to revolution
1) In the late 17th and early 18th centuries, British officials began cracking down on piracy as the pirates increasingly targeted British vessels for plunder. By 1730, a campaign had virtually wiped out pirates threatening British trade.
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Early Spanish, French, and English settlements adopted different patterns based on their goals and environments:
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Chapter 3 Creating New Social Orders Colonial Societies, 15
Chapter 3 | Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 1500–1700
63
CHAPTER 3
Creating New Social Orders:
Colonial Societies, 1500–1700
Figure 3.1 John Smith’s famous map of Virginia (1622) illustrates many geopolitical
features of early colonization. In
the upper left, Powhatan, who governed a powerful local confederation of Algonquian
communities, sits above other
local chiefs, denoting his authority. Another native figure, Susquehannock, who
appears in the upper right, visually
reinforces the message that the English did not control the land beyond a few
outposts along the Chesapeake.
Chapter Outline
3.1 Spanish Exploration and Colonial Society
3.2 Colonial Rivalries: Dutch and French Colonial Ambitions
3.3 English Settlements in America
3.4 The Impact of Colonization
Introduction
By the mid-seventeenth century, the geopolitical map of North America had become a
patchwork of
imperial designs and ambitions as the Spanish, Dutch, French, and English
reinforced their claims to
parts of the land. Uneasiness, punctuated by violent clashes, prevailed in the
border zones between the
Europeans’ territorial claims. Meanwhile, still-powerful native peoples waged war
to drive the invaders
from the continent. In the Chesapeake Bay and New England colonies, conflicts
erupted as the English
pushed against their native neighbors (Figure 3.1).
The rise of colonial societies in the Americas brought Native Americans, Africans,
and Europeans together
for the first time, highlighting the radical social, cultural, and religious
differences that hampered their
ability to understand each other. European settlement affected every aspect of the
land and its people,
bringing goods, ideas, and diseases that transformed the Americas. Reciprocally,
Native American
practices, such as the use of tobacco, profoundly altered European habits and
tastes.
64
Chapter 3 | Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 1500–1700
3.1 Spanish Exploration and Colonial Society
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Identify the main Spanish American colonial settlements of the 1500s and
1600s
• Discuss economic, political, and demographic similarities and
differences between the
Spanish colonies
During the 1500s, Spain expanded its colonial empire to the Philippines in the Far
East and to areas in
the Americas that later became the United States. The Spanish dreamed of mountains
of gold and silver
and imagined converting thousands of eager Indians to Catholicism. In their vision
of colonial society,
everyone would know his or her place. Patriarchy (the rule of men over family,
society, and government)
shaped t ...
196People of FrenchCanadian HeritageChapter 11GI.docx
196
People of French
Canadian Heritage
Chapter 11
GINETTE COUTU-WAKULCZYK,
DENISE MOREAU, and DIANE ALAIN
Overview, Inhabited Localities,
and Topography
OVERVIEW
Canada, with over 3,800,000 square miles, is larger than
the entire United States but has only one-ninth the popu-
lation. The population is 32,270,507, of which one-quar-
ter have French as their mother tongue and 3 million
speak French as a second language (Statistics Canada,
2006). Canada is surrounded by three oceans; the land
mass covers six time zones and has fertile agricultural
land, vast tundra, dense forests, and mountain ranges.
The country is rich in minerals, coal, oil, and gas.
Canada, a member of the Commonwealth of Nations
and of the G8, is a federation of 10 provinces, the
Northwest and Yukon Territories, and the Nunavut. The
Constitution Act of 1981 transferred the Parliament from
Britain to Canada; the Canadian constitution is now
entirely in the hands of the Canadians. People in each
province elect their own premier and provincial legislative
government. Even though the Queen of England is also the
Queen of Canada, represented by the Governor General, a
lieutenant governor is symbolically appointed by the fed-
eral government in every province. The 10 provinces in
descending order of population are Ontario, Québec,
British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Nova
Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Prince Edward
Island; the Yukon Territories and Northwest Territories,
which have been subdivided to form the Nunavut.
Based on the 2001 census, Canada’s largest cities are
Toronto (5,304,100), Montréal (3,635,700), Vancouver
(2,208,300), and Ottawa Gatineau (1,148,800), the national
capital region (Statistics Canada, 2006). Although more
than 9 million people report being able to converse in
French (Office of the Commissionor of Official Languages,
2006), the Francophone (French-speaking) population
remains stable with over 6.6 million, the vast majority of
them living in the province of Québec (Statistics Canada,
2002). The presence of the French in North America, begin-
ning in Acadia, has celebrated its 400th-anniversary
(1604–2004). Since the early 1980s, Canada has relied on
immigration for its demographic growth, with an average
of 230,000 newcomers per annum. Since the beginning of
the 21st century, the majority come from Asia and Africa
(Statistics Canada, 2006).
Before the latter half of the 18th century, most French
people immigrating to Canada were Catholics, whereas
French Protestants tended to come directly to the United
States. After the French Revolution, an increased number
of Catholics sought shelter in the United States. The bulk
of those coming via Canada settled in the New England
states and later dispersed throughout the United States.
Peaks of emigration occurred from the Acadian deporta-
tion (1755), from the latter part of the 19th century, and
just prior to the Great Depression. Most of this latter
migration was directl.
20.1 spanish conquest in the americas (1st period)
The Spanish conquistadors were able to conquer vast empires in the Americas through military tactics and exploiting divisions between native groups. Hernan Cortes defeated the powerful Aztec Empire with superior weapons, horses, and smallpox, and by allying with other native peoples against the Aztecs. Similarly, Francisco Pizarro captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa and without his leadership, easily took control of the Inca Empire. The Spanish established a pattern of conquest throughout the Americas, imposing their culture and religion while exploiting native peoples through the encomienda system of forced labor. They established vast colonies, though faced resistance from natives and opposition from Spanish priests concerned for native welfare.
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20.1 spanish conquest in the americas (1st period)
20.1 spanish conquest in the americas (1st period)
Americas Colonization
- 1. Differences
- 2. French Geography They were planted along the Mississippi in the late 17th century. In the American Bottoms, settlements such as Kaskaskia, and began a concentration of settlement and flow of goods south to the Gulf. English The French would provide them with supplies through the Mississippi River and Gulf of Mississippi. Because French were trying to connect a Canadian and Northern territory to the gulf. Spanish The colonization of the French did not go as well, bad equipment, and low immigration numbers to the Territory. The Territory for them was a defensive position
- 3. Methods English French Spanish For the english, the establishment of Christianity in the new world seems somewhat contradictory, in this list of goods and services needed to sucessfully establish a colony. The Spanish faired better due to less oppressive slavery and an open door immigration act, this immigration act allowed the spanish to jump into the territory in huge numbers . The French method, at Cahokia into compact villages was both traditional . Traditionally, it conformed to the system of villages within common fields that were transplanted .
- 4. Religion English French Spanish they were christians percepts, they realized that they need to get involved with the Spanish and French with their catholic agendas. were pressing their catholic agendas on the natives of the new world. clearly supported Catholicism, like France.
- 5. Similarities