Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that destroys memory and mental functions. It is the most common cause of dementia. The disease is caused by the buildup of beta amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles in the brain, which interfere with cell-to-cell communication and lead to the loss of connections between neurons. This neuronal loss results in the symptoms of Alzheimer's such as memory loss, problems with thinking and reasoning, and behavioral changes. Current drug treatments for Alzheimer's aim to boost acetylcholine levels or block NMDA receptors to help mitigate cognitive decline.

1. Presented by :-
MERAJ KHAN

2. INTRODUCTION-
It was not until 1901 that German ALOIS ALZHEIMER identify
the first case of what become as Alzheimer’s disease.
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disease that destroys
memory and other important mental functions.
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia
and a group of brain disorders that cause the loss of
intellectual and social skills.
The brain cells degenerate and die, causing a steady decline
in memory and mental function.

3. CAUSES OF ALZHEIMER:-
NORMAL NEURON ABNORMAL NEURON

4. Altered amyloid protein precursor
Then excess production of Beta amyloid
protein(BAP)
BAP has tendency to clump each other and form
plaque
Plaque cause neurodegeneration & disturb
impulse transmission.
Finally neuron cell loss and block cell to cell
signal & result in Alzheimer..
Abnormal Hyper phosphorylation
Twist formation of Tau protein (which
provide structural support to microtubules &
transportation of (neutrients)
Microtubules get collapse
Stop neutrient supply & may cell death
Neuronal loss result in Alzheimer
AMYLOID HYPOTHESIS:- NEUROFIBRILARY TANGLES:-

5. CHOLINERGIC HYPOTHESIS:-
Abnormal release of Ach from cholinergic neuron
Which donot bind with M1 receptor of brain at Hippocampus
Inhibit the regulation of learning and memory
Which result in Alzheimer
CHOLINERGIC REGULATION:-

6. Who am I ?
Where am I ?
Amnesia
Inability to Express
oneself through
Speech
Aphasia
Anomia
Missuse of object
because of failure
of identify
them……..
MEMORY LOSS
Concentration
Attention
Judgement
Inability to
recognize familiar
object
Apraxia
Agnosia
DIOGONOSIS OF ALZHEIMER

7. TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER:-
1.C holinergic Activator:-
Gallantamine
Rivastigmine
Donepenzil
2.NMDA-Antagonist:-
Memantine
3.Miscellaneous:-
Dihydro ergotoxin
Gingko biloba
MECHANISM OF ACTION OF DRUG:-
PAF Antagonist:-
Gingko biloba
Alpha Antagonist:-
Dihydro ergotoxin