Alton Terry Respond with 150 words and 2 references with.docx
•Download as DOCX, PDF•
0 likes•2 views
* Alton Terry * Respond with 150 words and 2 references with 1 being the textbook and a biblical reference Cullen, F. T., & Jonson, C. L. (2017). Correctional theory: Context and consequences (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. ISBN: 9781506306520. According to Athula Pathinayake (2018), courts use incarceration to accomplish several objectives, including community protection, retribution, and specific and general deterrence. This primary purpose of incarceration is to ensure that offenders are not able to make future offenses in the community so that the community is spared form continuous criminal activity. According to the text, incapacitation is the use of a criminal sanction to physically prevent or make impossible the omission of a crime by an offender (Cullen & Jonson, 2017). Cullen and Jonson (2017) added that the United States incarcerates more than 2.2 million offenders. Cullen and Jonson came up with three observations about the use of imprisonment in America. First, other countries do not use prisons as much as the United States. Blumstein et al. (2005) added that the United States was the most punitive country for nearly all types of crime, primarily when punitiveness is defined narrowly as expected time served per conviction. Torny (2007) also added that the rise in the United States’ prison population over the past 40 years has been remarkable. The United States is not the only nation to have an increase in incarceration rates. However, they are known for their length in the enormity of their prison expansion. Second, the incarceration rate in the United States is high because it is meant to be that way. This is due to inputs made by politicians to be tougher on crime. This input resulted in higher prison populations. Third, because the size of the prison population is a choice, Americans can decide to use incarceration more judiciously. The incapacitation effect is the amount of crime saved as a result of an offender being physically unable to commit a crime (Cullen & Jonson, 2017). Athula Pathinayake (2018) pointed out two explanations for America’s high incarceration rate. The first explanation is that crime rates are higher and faster rising than in other countries. The second explanation is that public opinion shows that crime and drugs come first as America’s pressing problem. The impact of having a high incarceration rate is a huge one but not so much in the right way. While offenders are serving time for their offenses, new offenders are committing new crimes, which would cause them to be incarcerated also. This has led to the overcrowding problem in many of America’s prisons. Placing offenders in an environment that is overcrowded with fewer tools for rehabilitation will only create an environment filled with drugs and violence. Isaiah 24:22 says, “They will be herded together like prisoners bound in a dungeon; they will be shut up in prison and be punished after many days” (New International Ver.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
ReferencesBarrenger, S., Draine, J., Angell, B., & Herman, D. (2.docx
References
Barrenger, S., Draine, J., Angell, B., & Herman, D. (2017). Reincarceration Risk Among Men with Mental Illnesses Leaving Prison: A Risk Environment Analysis. Community Mental Health Journal, 53(8), 883–892. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1007/s10597-017-0113-z
Garot, R. (2019). Rehabilitation Is Reentry. Prisoner Reentry in the 21st Century: Critical Perspectives of Returning Home.
Hlavka, H., Wheelock, D., & Jones, R. (2015). Exoffender Accounts of Successful Reentry from Prison. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 54(6), 406–428. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/10509674.2015.1057630
Ho, D. (2011). Intervention-A New Way-Out to Solve the Chronic Offenders. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 6(2), 167–172.
Mobley, A. (2014). Prison reentry as a rite of passage for the formerly incarcerated. Contemporary Justice Review, 17(4), 465–477. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/10282580.2014.980968
Reisdorf, B. C., & Rikard, R. V. (2018). Digital Rehabilitation: A Model of Reentry Into the Digital Age. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(9), 1273–1290. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1177/0002764218773817
Serowik, K. L., & Yanos, P. (2013). The relationship between services and outcomes for a prison reentry population of those with severe mental illness. Mental Health & Substance Use: Dual Diagnosis, 6(1), 4–14. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/17523281.2012.660979
SHUFORD, J. A. (2018). The missing link in reentry: Changing prison culture. Corrections Today, 80(2), 42–102.
Thompkins, D. E., Curtis, R., & Wendel, T. (2010). Forum: the prison reentry industry. Dialectical Anthropology, 34(4), 427–429. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1007/s10624-010-9164-z
Woods, L. N., Lanza, A. S., Dyson, W., & Gordon, D. M. (2013). The Role of Prevention in Promoting Continuity of Health Care in Prisoner Reentry Initiatives. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5), 830–838. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300961
Prison Reentry and Rehabilitation
Recommendations
Evidence based developed systems; since at the moment there is adequate research in this area it is important that systems that will be developed in future should look at previous research and how it was successful or not.
Secondly Re-entry should be digitized, every aspect in our society therefore it makes sense where by re-entry programs are also digitized it will help to make the policy much more effective.
Thirdly religion implementation in the re-entry programs should be intensified, as through evidence; religion has proven to be effective, rehabilitation and re-entry of the clients back to the society (Morag & Teman, 2018).
Conclusion
Re-entry has not been digitized whereby in this day an era every functioning aspect of our lives/society is on the internet.
The re-entry programs seem to be a product of financial implications of the states rather than the greater good of reducing the incarceration numbers.
One as ...
ReferencesBarrenger, S., Draine, J., Angell, B., & Herman, D. (2.docx
References
Barrenger, S., Draine, J., Angell, B., & Herman, D. (2017). Reincarceration Risk Among Men with Mental Illnesses Leaving Prison: A Risk Environment Analysis. Community Mental Health Journal, 53(8), 883–892. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1007/s10597-017-0113-z
Garot, R. (2019). Rehabilitation Is Reentry. Prisoner Reentry in the 21st Century: Critical Perspectives of Returning Home.
Hlavka, H., Wheelock, D., & Jones, R. (2015). Exoffender Accounts of Successful Reentry from Prison. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 54(6), 406–428. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/10509674.2015.1057630
Ho, D. (2011). Intervention-A New Way-Out to Solve the Chronic Offenders. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 6(2), 167–172.
Mobley, A. (2014). Prison reentry as a rite of passage for the formerly incarcerated. Contemporary Justice Review, 17(4), 465–477. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/10282580.2014.980968
Reisdorf, B. C., & Rikard, R. V. (2018). Digital Rehabilitation: A Model of Reentry Into the Digital Age. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(9), 1273–1290. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1177/0002764218773817
Serowik, K. L., & Yanos, P. (2013). The relationship between services and outcomes for a prison reentry population of those with severe mental illness. Mental Health & Substance Use: Dual Diagnosis, 6(1), 4–14. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/17523281.2012.660979
SHUFORD, J. A. (2018). The missing link in reentry: Changing prison culture. Corrections Today, 80(2), 42–102.
Thompkins, D. E., Curtis, R., & Wendel, T. (2010). Forum: the prison reentry industry. Dialectical Anthropology, 34(4), 427–429. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1007/s10624-010-9164-z
Woods, L. N., Lanza, A. S., Dyson, W., & Gordon, D. M. (2013). The Role of Prevention in Promoting Continuity of Health Care in Prisoner Reentry Initiatives. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5), 830–838. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300961
Prison Reentry and Rehabilitation
Recommendations
Evidence based developed systems; since at the moment there is adequate research in this area it is important that systems that will be developed in future should look at previous research and how it was successful or not.
Secondly Re-entry should be digitized, every aspect in our society therefore it makes sense where by re-entry programs are also digitized it will help to make the policy much more effective.
Thirdly religion implementation in the re-entry programs should be intensified, as through evidence; religion has proven to be effective, rehabilitation and re-entry of the clients back to the society (Morag & Teman, 2018).
Conclusion
Re-entry has not been digitized whereby in this day an era every functioning aspect of our lives/society is on the internet.
The re-entry programs seem to be a product of financial implications of the states rather than the greater good of reducing the incarceration numbers.
One as.
American Prison SystemsAmerican Prison SystemsAmy .docx
American Prison Systems
American Prison Systems
Amy Hoekwater
GCU JUS250
Mar 18 2018
The fact that American Prison Systems are high over capacity is as a result of the phenomenon of overcrowding. Overcrowded. This is a situation whereby the demand for space in American prisons exceeds the capacity for incarcerated prisoners that have been incarcerated in the place (Pitts, Griffin & Johnson, 2013). One solution might be for sentencing of offenders to better utilize alternatives to incarceration. The main argument which has been on debate concerns the issue that the American courts are sentencing offenders to prison imprisonment rather than effectively making use of other programs like rehabilitation centres, probation and parole.
Research carried out in 2010, revealed overcrowding in American Prison Systems is a reality and at the end of that year the prison’s correctional facilities were housing over 1.6 million inmates. More research indicates that at least 25 percent of the states are over capacity. Examples of Alabama and Illinois which have 196 percent and 144 percent respectively above the maximum capacity (Pitts, Griffin & Johnson, 2013). Comment by Stephanie Hunziker: Fix grammar: sentence structure is redundant.
Operating overcrowded prisons of the United States experiencing overcrowding are IS expensive, inconvenient as well as dangerous to both those incarcerated and the corrections staff. employees. There are quite a number of problems that comes with overcrowding. in this prisons. First is that the conditions worsens the state of the prisons in terms of sanitation and the inadequacy of basic amenities including health care. This means that those within the environments of the prisons will suffer from lack of enough facilities. Comment by Stephanie Hunziker: ??
Also, spread of diseases is more likely. to happen. This has been witnessed before. Poor sanitation will invites diseases associated with lack of cleanliness like cholera, typhoid, among othersetc. This makes running of the prisons more expensive. They also becomes difficult to control. Comment by Stephanie Hunziker: They? Who are you talking about here?
Moreover, inmates and staff serving in the prisons becomes stressed. Congestion makes them uncomfortable at all. For example, staff finds it very difficult to manage and control many inmates. Finally, you find that the prisons will; be susceptible to violence and riots. Inmates or even staff will have to riot in protest of better services. With inadequate facilities, competition is likely to happen among the inmates which can end up in fights among themselves.
The US government should, therefore, come up with measures to curb this menace which is to torn the American Prison Systems in parts. There are some ways which the government can do this. First is increasing the space in prisons. This is done by building new prison rooms with increased capacity and putting the required facilities. Secondly, the gov.
The field of corrections, which will be the topic in this next set.docx
The field of corrections, which will be the topic in this next set of three chapters, encompasses county and state jails, prisons, community corrections, including probation and parole, and various correctional programs. Correctional professionals, like law enforcement and legal professionals, have a great deal of discretion and power over the lives of offenders.
As you may know, the United States has about 2.1 million people in jails and prisons. We incarcerate many more people per capita than other western, industrialized countries. At a rate of about 700 per 100,000, the United States incarcerates about seven times more people than Norway (72), France (98), or Canada (118) and a little less than five times more people than the United Kingdom (147) (Wagner and Walsh, 2016).
The reason our imprisonment rate is so much higher is not because of higher crime, but, because of our inclination to punish with incarceration rather than any other sentencing alternative (Raphael and Stoll, 2008). A careful analysis of sentencing patterns by Pfaff (2011) shows that the dramatic increase in
incarceration rates that began in the 1980s was largely due to the decision of prosecutors to seek prison terms for convicted individuals, and, to a lesser extent, increased sentence length and changes in parole release and revocation.
Further, we were roughly comparable to other countries in our punishment practices until the 1980s, at which time the incarceration rates increased dramatically every year. Recently, the rate and numbers in prison have plateaued, and many states, have even showed decreases in the number incarcerated (Kaeble and Glaze, 2016; Pollock, 2016). The number incarcerated in jail or prison decreased by 2.3 percent from 2014 and was its lowest level since 2004 (Kaeble and Glaze, 2016). Some states have created double-digit declines since 1999, including New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and California. Interestingly, states’ decrease or increase in the number of people imprisoned does not seem to show any correlation with whether the state’s crime rate has increased or decreased (Pew Research Center, 2016).
While the incarceration rate per 100,000 is 466 for white men, it is 1,130 for Hispanic men and an amazing 2,791 for black men. Women are incarcerated at a much lower rate: 51 per 100,000 white women are incarcerated, compared to 65 for Hispanic women and 113 per 100,000 for black women (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2015). At year-end 2015 an estimated 6,741,400 persons were supervised by U.S. adult correctional systems (prison, jail, probation, or parole). This is a decrease of about 115,600 persons from year-end 2014 and represents almost 3 percent of the total adult population. The interested reader can go to the Bureau of Justice Statistics (https://bjs.gov/) to see how imprisonment patterns have changed over the years.
It is important to emphasize that the imprisonment patterns we see are a function of individual discretion on the par.
Running Header CRITICAL ISSUES TO CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS I.docx
Running Header: CRITICAL ISSUES TO CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE U.S. 1
Critical Issues To Correctional Institutions in the U.S.
Name
CRJ 465
Instructor’s Name
Date
CRITICAL ISSUES TO CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE U.S. 2
There are many contemporary issues that are found within the American penal system.
Perhaps we are not fully aware of these issues and just how much they affect the American penal
system. Though we are aware that there are issues, we may not be completely aware of just how
much they affect the everyday functioning of the correctional systems. We are not fully aware of
the funding problems, or the overcrowding problems, or just how much violence takes place in
prisons. These three issues seem to be the worst of all the issues that these facilities face.
Funding
Correctional facilities, just like any other business, do not operate for free. Total state
expenditures on prisons and related activities were about $9.6 billion in the mid-1980’s, where
about 40 percent of all state prison construction was financed by a pay-as-you-go method, and 50
percent was paid by general obligation bonds, and the remaining 10 percent was financed using
lease revenue bonds and other revenue streams. By 1996, total state expenditures for prisons
were estimated to be $22 billion, and more than half of all the debt issued to finance prisons was
carried out through a specific variant of lease-revenue bonds which were called certificates of
participation (Public Bonds, 2004). According to the staff at Vera’s Center on Sentencing and
Corrections and Cost-Benefit Analysis Unit, after surveying 40 states in an effort to calculate the
taxpayer’s cost of prisons, the cost of prisons was $39 billion in 2010, which was $5.4 billion
more than what their corrections budgets reflected (VERA Institute of Justice, 2013). Over the
past 40 years, the U.S. has seen a dramatic increase in prison population, and as a result, the
country’s state prison population has grown by more than 700 percent since the 1970’s. This has
come at great cost to taxpayers (VERA Institute of Justice, 2013). At the end of 2012, the United
States prison population was 1,571,013, which is actually a decline for the third straight
CRITICAL ISSUES TO CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE U.S. 3
consecutive year. More plans are under way in an effort to lower the number of people who are
incarcerated in the U.S., which will help lower the cost of running these facilities as well.
America exceeds every other country in prison inmate population. Attorney General Eric Holder
announced sweeping plans that will be designed to address the issue through drug sentencing
reform and this means that low level drug offenders could be subjected to some type of treatment
or community service programs rather than prison time. There are also plans of implementing
and expanding prison programs that would a.
Erika KytePhotonnicaGet.docx
Er
ik
a
Ky
te
/P
ho
to
nn
ic
a/
G
et
ty
Im
ag
es
Learning Objectives
• Understand desired outcomes for different types of criminal punishment.
• Articulate similarities and differences between philosophies of punishment.
• Explain when the correctional system applies different philosophies of punishment.
• Analyze how criminal punishment affects women, the poor, and racial and ethnic minorities.
• Critically evaluate how race, class, and gender issues come into play in death penalty cases.
Philosophies of Punishment
2
coL82305_02_c02_033-064.indd 33 7/5/13 4:16 PM
Section 2.1 Philosophies of Punishment CHAPTER 2
In 1988, Tina Elliot tried to buy a half kilo of cocaine from an undercover officer in Georgia. She was convicted and was sent to the Georgia state prison for a year. Upon her release, Tina and her five children were reunited, but in 1993 she was indicted
by federal prosecutors for the same offense and sentenced to 20 years in federal prison.
Terry Woodard found himself in the same situation in 1989. After successfully completing
2 years of state parole supervision for possession with intent to distribute methamphet-
amine, he was arrested and convicted for the same offense in federal court and sentenced
to 10 years in prison without the possibility of parole.
The punishment of Tina Elliot and Terry Woodard reflects what some criminologists call
dangerization. Dangerization is a view that assumes that society can be protected by
predicting and controlling the risk and danger of victimization that some individuals
pose to society (Lianos & Douglas, 2000). In this case, the decision to prosecute Elliot
and Woodard twice for the same offense may have been based on the perceived danger
and harm that both offenders continue to pose to society even after having been punished
by serving time in state prisons. Under some circumstances, in cases such as Elliot’s and
Woodard’s, prosecution and punishment by the state and the federal governments for the
same offense do not violate the U.S. constitutional protection known as double jeopardy.
2.1 Philosophies of Punishment
In this chapter we will examine why and how we punish offenders, as well as several philosophies of punishment and various methods employed to try to control crimi-nal behavior. In general, society adopts a philosophy of punishment hoping it will
effectively prevent or reduce crime. Punishment, in short, is the use of a penalty to inflict
consequences on those who violate the criminal law. In his 1968 influential book, The
Limits of the Criminal Sanction, Herbert L. Packer, emphasized two major functions of
punishment: inflicting pain and preventing crime. Traditionally, these forms of penal-
ties have been based on different philosophies of punishment including retribution
(eye-for-an-eye), incapacitation (incarceration), rehabilitation (treatment), reintegration,
and deterrence. The pain inflicted through these penalties c ...
Recommended
ReferencesBarrenger, S., Draine, J., Angell, B., & Herman, D. (2.docx
References
Barrenger, S., Draine, J., Angell, B., & Herman, D. (2017). Reincarceration Risk Among Men with Mental Illnesses Leaving Prison: A Risk Environment Analysis. Community Mental Health Journal, 53(8), 883–892. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1007/s10597-017-0113-z
Garot, R. (2019). Rehabilitation Is Reentry. Prisoner Reentry in the 21st Century: Critical Perspectives of Returning Home.
Hlavka, H., Wheelock, D., & Jones, R. (2015). Exoffender Accounts of Successful Reentry from Prison. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 54(6), 406–428. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/10509674.2015.1057630
Ho, D. (2011). Intervention-A New Way-Out to Solve the Chronic Offenders. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 6(2), 167–172.
Mobley, A. (2014). Prison reentry as a rite of passage for the formerly incarcerated. Contemporary Justice Review, 17(4), 465–477. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/10282580.2014.980968
Reisdorf, B. C., & Rikard, R. V. (2018). Digital Rehabilitation: A Model of Reentry Into the Digital Age. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(9), 1273–1290. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1177/0002764218773817
Serowik, K. L., & Yanos, P. (2013). The relationship between services and outcomes for a prison reentry population of those with severe mental illness. Mental Health & Substance Use: Dual Diagnosis, 6(1), 4–14. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/17523281.2012.660979
SHUFORD, J. A. (2018). The missing link in reentry: Changing prison culture. Corrections Today, 80(2), 42–102.
Thompkins, D. E., Curtis, R., & Wendel, T. (2010). Forum: the prison reentry industry. Dialectical Anthropology, 34(4), 427–429. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1007/s10624-010-9164-z
Woods, L. N., Lanza, A. S., Dyson, W., & Gordon, D. M. (2013). The Role of Prevention in Promoting Continuity of Health Care in Prisoner Reentry Initiatives. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5), 830–838. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300961
Prison Reentry and Rehabilitation
Recommendations
Evidence based developed systems; since at the moment there is adequate research in this area it is important that systems that will be developed in future should look at previous research and how it was successful or not.
Secondly Re-entry should be digitized, every aspect in our society therefore it makes sense where by re-entry programs are also digitized it will help to make the policy much more effective.
Thirdly religion implementation in the re-entry programs should be intensified, as through evidence; religion has proven to be effective, rehabilitation and re-entry of the clients back to the society (Morag & Teman, 2018).
Conclusion
Re-entry has not been digitized whereby in this day an era every functioning aspect of our lives/society is on the internet.
The re-entry programs seem to be a product of financial implications of the states rather than the greater good of reducing the incarceration numbers.
One as ...
ReferencesBarrenger, S., Draine, J., Angell, B., & Herman, D. (2.docx
References
Barrenger, S., Draine, J., Angell, B., & Herman, D. (2017). Reincarceration Risk Among Men with Mental Illnesses Leaving Prison: A Risk Environment Analysis. Community Mental Health Journal, 53(8), 883–892. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1007/s10597-017-0113-z
Garot, R. (2019). Rehabilitation Is Reentry. Prisoner Reentry in the 21st Century: Critical Perspectives of Returning Home.
Hlavka, H., Wheelock, D., & Jones, R. (2015). Exoffender Accounts of Successful Reentry from Prison. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 54(6), 406–428. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/10509674.2015.1057630
Ho, D. (2011). Intervention-A New Way-Out to Solve the Chronic Offenders. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 6(2), 167–172.
Mobley, A. (2014). Prison reentry as a rite of passage for the formerly incarcerated. Contemporary Justice Review, 17(4), 465–477. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/10282580.2014.980968
Reisdorf, B. C., & Rikard, R. V. (2018). Digital Rehabilitation: A Model of Reentry Into the Digital Age. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(9), 1273–1290. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1177/0002764218773817
Serowik, K. L., & Yanos, P. (2013). The relationship between services and outcomes for a prison reentry population of those with severe mental illness. Mental Health & Substance Use: Dual Diagnosis, 6(1), 4–14. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1080/17523281.2012.660979
SHUFORD, J. A. (2018). The missing link in reentry: Changing prison culture. Corrections Today, 80(2), 42–102.
Thompkins, D. E., Curtis, R., & Wendel, T. (2010). Forum: the prison reentry industry. Dialectical Anthropology, 34(4), 427–429. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.1007/s10624-010-9164-z
Woods, L. N., Lanza, A. S., Dyson, W., & Gordon, D. M. (2013). The Role of Prevention in Promoting Continuity of Health Care in Prisoner Reentry Initiatives. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5), 830–838. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300961
Prison Reentry and Rehabilitation
Recommendations
Evidence based developed systems; since at the moment there is adequate research in this area it is important that systems that will be developed in future should look at previous research and how it was successful or not.
Secondly Re-entry should be digitized, every aspect in our society therefore it makes sense where by re-entry programs are also digitized it will help to make the policy much more effective.
Thirdly religion implementation in the re-entry programs should be intensified, as through evidence; religion has proven to be effective, rehabilitation and re-entry of the clients back to the society (Morag & Teman, 2018).
Conclusion
Re-entry has not been digitized whereby in this day an era every functioning aspect of our lives/society is on the internet.
The re-entry programs seem to be a product of financial implications of the states rather than the greater good of reducing the incarceration numbers.
One as.
American Prison SystemsAmerican Prison SystemsAmy .docx
American Prison Systems
American Prison Systems
Amy Hoekwater
GCU JUS250
Mar 18 2018
The fact that American Prison Systems are high over capacity is as a result of the phenomenon of overcrowding. Overcrowded. This is a situation whereby the demand for space in American prisons exceeds the capacity for incarcerated prisoners that have been incarcerated in the place (Pitts, Griffin & Johnson, 2013). One solution might be for sentencing of offenders to better utilize alternatives to incarceration. The main argument which has been on debate concerns the issue that the American courts are sentencing offenders to prison imprisonment rather than effectively making use of other programs like rehabilitation centres, probation and parole.
Research carried out in 2010, revealed overcrowding in American Prison Systems is a reality and at the end of that year the prison’s correctional facilities were housing over 1.6 million inmates. More research indicates that at least 25 percent of the states are over capacity. Examples of Alabama and Illinois which have 196 percent and 144 percent respectively above the maximum capacity (Pitts, Griffin & Johnson, 2013). Comment by Stephanie Hunziker: Fix grammar: sentence structure is redundant.
Operating overcrowded prisons of the United States experiencing overcrowding are IS expensive, inconvenient as well as dangerous to both those incarcerated and the corrections staff. employees. There are quite a number of problems that comes with overcrowding. in this prisons. First is that the conditions worsens the state of the prisons in terms of sanitation and the inadequacy of basic amenities including health care. This means that those within the environments of the prisons will suffer from lack of enough facilities. Comment by Stephanie Hunziker: ??
Also, spread of diseases is more likely. to happen. This has been witnessed before. Poor sanitation will invites diseases associated with lack of cleanliness like cholera, typhoid, among othersetc. This makes running of the prisons more expensive. They also becomes difficult to control. Comment by Stephanie Hunziker: They? Who are you talking about here?
Moreover, inmates and staff serving in the prisons becomes stressed. Congestion makes them uncomfortable at all. For example, staff finds it very difficult to manage and control many inmates. Finally, you find that the prisons will; be susceptible to violence and riots. Inmates or even staff will have to riot in protest of better services. With inadequate facilities, competition is likely to happen among the inmates which can end up in fights among themselves.
The US government should, therefore, come up with measures to curb this menace which is to torn the American Prison Systems in parts. There are some ways which the government can do this. First is increasing the space in prisons. This is done by building new prison rooms with increased capacity and putting the required facilities. Secondly, the gov.
The field of corrections, which will be the topic in this next set.docx
The field of corrections, which will be the topic in this next set of three chapters, encompasses county and state jails, prisons, community corrections, including probation and parole, and various correctional programs. Correctional professionals, like law enforcement and legal professionals, have a great deal of discretion and power over the lives of offenders.
As you may know, the United States has about 2.1 million people in jails and prisons. We incarcerate many more people per capita than other western, industrialized countries. At a rate of about 700 per 100,000, the United States incarcerates about seven times more people than Norway (72), France (98), or Canada (118) and a little less than five times more people than the United Kingdom (147) (Wagner and Walsh, 2016).
The reason our imprisonment rate is so much higher is not because of higher crime, but, because of our inclination to punish with incarceration rather than any other sentencing alternative (Raphael and Stoll, 2008). A careful analysis of sentencing patterns by Pfaff (2011) shows that the dramatic increase in
incarceration rates that began in the 1980s was largely due to the decision of prosecutors to seek prison terms for convicted individuals, and, to a lesser extent, increased sentence length and changes in parole release and revocation.
Further, we were roughly comparable to other countries in our punishment practices until the 1980s, at which time the incarceration rates increased dramatically every year. Recently, the rate and numbers in prison have plateaued, and many states, have even showed decreases in the number incarcerated (Kaeble and Glaze, 2016; Pollock, 2016). The number incarcerated in jail or prison decreased by 2.3 percent from 2014 and was its lowest level since 2004 (Kaeble and Glaze, 2016). Some states have created double-digit declines since 1999, including New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and California. Interestingly, states’ decrease or increase in the number of people imprisoned does not seem to show any correlation with whether the state’s crime rate has increased or decreased (Pew Research Center, 2016).
While the incarceration rate per 100,000 is 466 for white men, it is 1,130 for Hispanic men and an amazing 2,791 for black men. Women are incarcerated at a much lower rate: 51 per 100,000 white women are incarcerated, compared to 65 for Hispanic women and 113 per 100,000 for black women (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2015). At year-end 2015 an estimated 6,741,400 persons were supervised by U.S. adult correctional systems (prison, jail, probation, or parole). This is a decrease of about 115,600 persons from year-end 2014 and represents almost 3 percent of the total adult population. The interested reader can go to the Bureau of Justice Statistics (https://bjs.gov/) to see how imprisonment patterns have changed over the years.
It is important to emphasize that the imprisonment patterns we see are a function of individual discretion on the par.
Running Header CRITICAL ISSUES TO CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS I.docx
Running Header: CRITICAL ISSUES TO CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE U.S. 1
Critical Issues To Correctional Institutions in the U.S.
Name
CRJ 465
Instructor’s Name
Date
CRITICAL ISSUES TO CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE U.S. 2
There are many contemporary issues that are found within the American penal system.
Perhaps we are not fully aware of these issues and just how much they affect the American penal
system. Though we are aware that there are issues, we may not be completely aware of just how
much they affect the everyday functioning of the correctional systems. We are not fully aware of
the funding problems, or the overcrowding problems, or just how much violence takes place in
prisons. These three issues seem to be the worst of all the issues that these facilities face.
Funding
Correctional facilities, just like any other business, do not operate for free. Total state
expenditures on prisons and related activities were about $9.6 billion in the mid-1980’s, where
about 40 percent of all state prison construction was financed by a pay-as-you-go method, and 50
percent was paid by general obligation bonds, and the remaining 10 percent was financed using
lease revenue bonds and other revenue streams. By 1996, total state expenditures for prisons
were estimated to be $22 billion, and more than half of all the debt issued to finance prisons was
carried out through a specific variant of lease-revenue bonds which were called certificates of
participation (Public Bonds, 2004). According to the staff at Vera’s Center on Sentencing and
Corrections and Cost-Benefit Analysis Unit, after surveying 40 states in an effort to calculate the
taxpayer’s cost of prisons, the cost of prisons was $39 billion in 2010, which was $5.4 billion
more than what their corrections budgets reflected (VERA Institute of Justice, 2013). Over the
past 40 years, the U.S. has seen a dramatic increase in prison population, and as a result, the
country’s state prison population has grown by more than 700 percent since the 1970’s. This has
come at great cost to taxpayers (VERA Institute of Justice, 2013). At the end of 2012, the United
States prison population was 1,571,013, which is actually a decline for the third straight
CRITICAL ISSUES TO CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE U.S. 3
consecutive year. More plans are under way in an effort to lower the number of people who are
incarcerated in the U.S., which will help lower the cost of running these facilities as well.
America exceeds every other country in prison inmate population. Attorney General Eric Holder
announced sweeping plans that will be designed to address the issue through drug sentencing
reform and this means that low level drug offenders could be subjected to some type of treatment
or community service programs rather than prison time. There are also plans of implementing
and expanding prison programs that would a.
Erika KytePhotonnicaGet.docx
Er
ik
a
Ky
te
/P
ho
to
nn
ic
a/
G
et
ty
Im
ag
es
Learning Objectives
• Understand desired outcomes for different types of criminal punishment.
• Articulate similarities and differences between philosophies of punishment.
• Explain when the correctional system applies different philosophies of punishment.
• Analyze how criminal punishment affects women, the poor, and racial and ethnic minorities.
• Critically evaluate how race, class, and gender issues come into play in death penalty cases.
Philosophies of Punishment
2
coL82305_02_c02_033-064.indd 33 7/5/13 4:16 PM
Section 2.1 Philosophies of Punishment CHAPTER 2
In 1988, Tina Elliot tried to buy a half kilo of cocaine from an undercover officer in Georgia. She was convicted and was sent to the Georgia state prison for a year. Upon her release, Tina and her five children were reunited, but in 1993 she was indicted
by federal prosecutors for the same offense and sentenced to 20 years in federal prison.
Terry Woodard found himself in the same situation in 1989. After successfully completing
2 years of state parole supervision for possession with intent to distribute methamphet-
amine, he was arrested and convicted for the same offense in federal court and sentenced
to 10 years in prison without the possibility of parole.
The punishment of Tina Elliot and Terry Woodard reflects what some criminologists call
dangerization. Dangerization is a view that assumes that society can be protected by
predicting and controlling the risk and danger of victimization that some individuals
pose to society (Lianos & Douglas, 2000). In this case, the decision to prosecute Elliot
and Woodard twice for the same offense may have been based on the perceived danger
and harm that both offenders continue to pose to society even after having been punished
by serving time in state prisons. Under some circumstances, in cases such as Elliot’s and
Woodard’s, prosecution and punishment by the state and the federal governments for the
same offense do not violate the U.S. constitutional protection known as double jeopardy.
2.1 Philosophies of Punishment
In this chapter we will examine why and how we punish offenders, as well as several philosophies of punishment and various methods employed to try to control crimi-nal behavior. In general, society adopts a philosophy of punishment hoping it will
effectively prevent or reduce crime. Punishment, in short, is the use of a penalty to inflict
consequences on those who violate the criminal law. In his 1968 influential book, The
Limits of the Criminal Sanction, Herbert L. Packer, emphasized two major functions of
punishment: inflicting pain and preventing crime. Traditionally, these forms of penal-
ties have been based on different philosophies of punishment including retribution
(eye-for-an-eye), incapacitation (incarceration), rehabilitation (treatment), reintegration,
and deterrence. The pain inflicted through these penalties c ...
Week 5 CEA ProjectAssignment Task Submit to complete th
Week
5 CEA Project
Assignment
Task: Submit to complete this assignment
Due May 31 at 11:59 PM
MBA5005 Individual Project
Week 5 Deliverables
This week, you will revise the first part of the paper according to your instructor’s comments. You will add additional articles, laws, cases and summary as outlined below. You will then combine all information and submit the final paper using the instructions provided.
Revisions
Revise the paper submitted in Week 3.
Literature Review
For Week 5, locate two additional scholarly articles related to your topic. Summarize the articles in your own words and explain how they are related to your topic. Do not use published cases for this section. You must use scholarly articles from the South University Online Library. Legal journals may provide some of the best sources of information. Westlaw Campus Research is a good option for finding legal information in law journals. When you combine this section with Week 3, you will have a total of at least four articles.
Laws and Regulations
Research and analyze one additional law or regulation related to the topic you selected. The information may require research of federal and/or state laws, as well as administrative agency laws. Summarize the information about the law or regulation you found and explain how it applies to your topic. When you combine this section with Week 3, you will have a minimum of two laws or regulations. Depending on the topic, you may compare the laws of two states For example, if you are writing about gender discrimination, compare the federal law with law from one of the states that also provides protection at the state level. States often provide more protection than the federal law.
Cases
Research at least two additional published cases (lawsuits) related to the topic you selected. Summarize the cases in your own words and explain how they are related to your topic. Provide a summary that includes the name of the case, state or federal court, issue, summary of events and ruling. Explain whether you agree or disagree with the court’s decision. Combine the case from Week 3 with this section for a total of three cases.
Summary/Conclusion
As an ending to your paper, summarize what you have learned. Assess and communicate what you believe the future holds as it relates to your topic.
If applicable, discuss how you might apply what your learned to your personal or professional life.
Add the parts from Week 3 and submit your final paper in accordance with the formatting instructions provided.
Formatting Instructions
Submit a 10 to 14-page paper about the topic selected.
The paper should consist of a cover page, short introduction, explanation of the legal issue, literature review, analysis of related laws or regulations, reviews of cases, summary of information learned and application to your professional life, and a separate reference page.
Use APA format for the paper. Review the APA materials ...
Running head INEFFECTIVENESS OF THE CAPITAL PUNISHMENT SYSTEM1.docx
Running head: INEFFECTIVENESS OF THE CAPITAL PUNISHMENT SYSTEM 1
INEFFECTIVENESS OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT SYSTEM 8
Ineffectiveness of the Capital Punishment System
Name
Introduction
Capital punishment is one of the major social issues affecting the sustenance of peace, democracy and mutual coexistence in the United States. Capital punishment is sometimes referred to as the death penalty and is largely recognized as a lawful sentence in 31 out of 50 states found in the United States. The Eighth Amendment constrains the application to disturbed killings submitted by rationally capable grown-ups. Historical analysis reveal that this mode of punishment began officially in 1776 after being authorized for identical law offences in the greater part of the American provinces preceding the country’s independence. This paper seeks to establish the ineffectiveness of the entire system and conclude by providing alternative solutions.
Problem Statement
According to Melusky and Pesto (2011), capital punishment in America is a broken procedure existing as a major social challenge. Currently, many opponents have risen to criticize and champion for the abolishment of the capital punishment due to its alleged ineffectiveness. These forms of punishments are anticipated not by the grievousness of the wrongdoing but rather by the low quality of the safeguard legal advisors, the race of the blamed or the casualty, and the district and state in which the wrongdoing happened.
On numerous occasions, research has shown that the criminal equity framework neglects to secure the poor and persons with genuine mental inabilities and ailments from execution (Melusky & Pesto, 2011). Indeed, even the organization of executions is totally defective: Every strategy for execution accompanies a heinously high danger of great agony and torment. Today, open backing for capital punishment is falling; the quantities of new capital punishments and executions are both quickly diminishing, it perhaps communicates the message that the time is ripe for America to end this fizzled test. It is, therefore, imperative to discuss the ineffective of capital punishment as a social issue in the United States.
Current Statistical Overview
Previous statistics reveal that thirty-five prisoners were executed last year in the U.S., and over 3,000 were on a death row. From 1976 to 2015, 1,392 executions happened in the United States, and 995 of them occurred in the South. Nonetheless, this deadly infusion has been the most widely recognized technique since the late 1970s. Thirty-four states have had executions since the death penalty was restored in 1976. Some of the states that took a lead role in the implementation of this awful law included Oklahoma, Ohio, Missouri, Texas, Arizona, Florida, Georgia and Virginia. Additionally, these states were accused to have executed the law with relative recurrence. However, Texas and Oklahoma led the charge, with the most executions, and the m ...
HOW ISthe argument built What comes firstDO THEpoi.docx
HOW IS
the argument built?
What comes first?
DO THE
points follow a logical sequence
or timeline?
HOW DID
the author divide the sections?
DID THE
author use a compare and
contrast analysis?
DID THE
author present a problem and
its solution?
STRUCTURE
OF THE
ARGUMENT
WHAT IS
the tone?
DOES THE
word selection reveal
any biases?
IS THE LANGUAGE
clear and vigorous?
LANGUAGE
WHOM IS
the author addressing?
WHAT IS
the author’s purpose?
WHAT EVIDENCE
is used to support the author’s
argument?
WHAT IS
the context of the work?
CONTENT
KNOW WHICH QUESTIONS TO ASK WHEN ANALYZING:
Adapted from the Understanding Arguments page from
the Walden University Writing Center website.
UNDERSTANDING
ARGUMENTS
WEEK
2
© 2015 Laureate Education, Inc.
Running head: OVERCROWDED PRISONS1
OVERCROWDED PRISONS7
Problem Evaluation: Overcrowded Prisons
Alyssa Cunningham
CJA/355
Matthew Kite
March 5, 2018
Problem Evaluation: Overcrowded Prisons
The correctional system plays an important role in the criminal justice system. Imprisonment serves as a method of locking away dangerous people for the purpose of protecting the public and rehabilitating people who have been caught committing various crimes so that they can be ready to be assimilated back into the communities with a lower risk of recidivism. Prisons also serve as a way of punishment, to discourage wrongdoing among the public. Due to these important roles, the criminal justice system has to imprison people. However, the system has experienced a huge problem of overcrowding because of the high rate of incarceration and the low availability of resources.
Problem Identification
Overcrowding of prisons is a huge problem that affects the United States criminal justice system. The United States prison population is growing at a higher rate than the government has been able to control. The number of incarcerated people was grown significantly between 1970 and 1990 during the government’s ‘war on drugs’ when the drug laws were enhanced to include more serious punishments for people involved in drug crimes. Additionally, the high prison population in the United States has been shown to be a result of the poor rehabilitation abilities of the prison system (Williams & Porter, 2016). Studies have shown that a majority of prisoners in the country are recidivists and drug offenders. The issue of prison overcrowding is a problem mainly because of the understaffing and the underfunding, which makes the prison conditions relatively poor. Therefore, it is important that this problem is examined and solutions developed to solve it.
Quantifying the Problem
Imprisonment is the most common form of punishment for criminal activity in the United States. It is estimated that America has the second highest imprisonment rate per capita in the world, only after Seychelles. As at 2014, it was recorded that there are 735 incarcerated people per 100,000 of the population. This value was increased by approximat ...
Contemporary prison overcrowding short-term fixes to aperpe
Contemporary prison overcrowding: short-term fixes to a
perpetual problem
James M.A. Pittsa, O. Hayden Griffin, IIIb* and W. Wesley Johnsona
aUniversity of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA; bUniversity of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
(Received 6 February 2013; accepted 8 June 2013)
Since the United States began using incarceration as its cornerstone of
punishment for those who transgress the law, this method of discipline has been
fraught with problems. One of the most ubiquitous problems found within cor-
rectional institutions are the conditions inmates are forced to live in particularly,
when penal facilities are overcrowded. These conditions have led to extensive
litigation, compelling the judicial system to change. Although overall conditions
have improved, a perpetually increasing inmate population continues to plague
correctional systems as costs continue to rise. As state budgets have become
strained during the economic downturns, many states’ officials view less
punitive measures as possible solutions to the excessive costs of administering
punishment and overcrowded inmate populations. Due to facility overcrowding,
several states have actually been placed under federal court order to reduce their
inmate population in order to protect inmates’ constitutional rights. Although
this has resulted in a change of policies to help alleviate prison overcrowding,
there is little evidence these are anything more than short-term fixes to a
problem with no end in sight.
Keywords: prison overcrowding; inmate population; sentencing; corrections
policy
Introduction
In the United States, like many other affluent nations, law has become the blueprint
by which society is governed. The concept of punishment is typically connected to
or associated with the law, and usually follows as a consequence of non-compliance
with those directives. As such, the means by which a society administers
punishment is often thoroughly scrutinized to insure fairness and efficiency in
obtaining justice. Incarceration has been the dominant form of punishment in
American society for serious crimes (Ross, 2010; Verro, 2010). In fact, some would
argue that incarceration has been overused to such a degree that it constitutes an
inefficient use of resources.
In recent years, many states have become fiscally strained as the practice of
mass incarceration has come under increased criticism (Ekland-Olson, Barrick, &
Cohen, 1983; Harris, 1991; Lucken, 2011; Nagel 1977). As such, many of these
states are beginning to re-evaluate their use of incarceration in an attempt to better
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
© 2014 Taylor & Francis
Contemporary Justice Review, 2014
Vol. 17, No. 1, 124–139, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2014.883844
mailto:[email protected]
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2014.883844
utilize the limited resources at their disposal (Ekland-Olson et al., 1983; Feinstein,
2011; Harriman & Straussman, 1983; Har ...
Contemporary prison overcrowding short-term fixes to aperpe.docx
Contemporary prison overcrowding: short-term fixes to a
perpetual problem
James M.A. Pittsa, O. Hayden Griffin, IIIb* and W. Wesley Johnsona
aUniversity of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA; bUniversity of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
(Received 6 February 2013; accepted 8 June 2013)
Since the United States began using incarceration as its cornerstone of
punishment for those who transgress the law, this method of discipline has been
fraught with problems. One of the most ubiquitous problems found within cor-
rectional institutions are the conditions inmates are forced to live in particularly,
when penal facilities are overcrowded. These conditions have led to extensive
litigation, compelling the judicial system to change. Although overall conditions
have improved, a perpetually increasing inmate population continues to plague
correctional systems as costs continue to rise. As state budgets have become
strained during the economic downturns, many states’ officials view less
punitive measures as possible solutions to the excessive costs of administering
punishment and overcrowded inmate populations. Due to facility overcrowding,
several states have actually been placed under federal court order to reduce their
inmate population in order to protect inmates’ constitutional rights. Although
this has resulted in a change of policies to help alleviate prison overcrowding,
there is little evidence these are anything more than short-term fixes to a
problem with no end in sight.
Keywords: prison overcrowding; inmate population; sentencing; corrections
policy
Introduction
In the United States, like many other affluent nations, law has become the blueprint
by which society is governed. The concept of punishment is typically connected to
or associated with the law, and usually follows as a consequence of non-compliance
with those directives. As such, the means by which a society administers
punishment is often thoroughly scrutinized to insure fairness and efficiency in
obtaining justice. Incarceration has been the dominant form of punishment in
American society for serious crimes (Ross, 2010; Verro, 2010). In fact, some would
argue that incarceration has been overused to such a degree that it constitutes an
inefficient use of resources.
In recent years, many states have become fiscally strained as the practice of
mass incarceration has come under increased criticism (Ekland-Olson, Barrick, &
Cohen, 1983; Harris, 1991; Lucken, 2011; Nagel 1977). As such, many of these
states are beginning to re-evaluate their use of incarceration in an attempt to better
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
© 2014 Taylor & Francis
Contemporary Justice Review, 2014
Vol. 17, No. 1, 124–139, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2014.883844
mailto:[email protected]
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2014.883844
utilize the limited resources at their disposal (Ekland-Olson et al., 1983; Feinstein,
2011; Harriman & Straussman, 1983; Har.
Running head Capital punishment debate Capital punishment deba.docx
Running head: Capital punishment debate
Capital punishment debate
Capital punishment debate
University
Student
Id
Course
Date
Introduction
For a long period of time, capital punishment has been viewed to be part of the human culture. The importance of capital punishment is that it deters people from committing perilous crimes and also the easiest way of liberating the public from the dangerous lawbreakers (Cohen-Cole, et al., 2008). Currently, the majority of the individuals are still confused if capital punishment is appropriate to form part of the criminal justice system. Even though some of the Christians believe that this issue is clarified in the bible, some of them think the Old Testament law was replaced by the New Testament ethic of love. This paper explores capital punishment with both arguments for and against being discussed to support the claim.
Background
For several centuries, the death penalty has been incorporated in the criminal justice system of the United States. Capital punishment has been viewed to be a controversial aspect. In 33 states, the death penalty was legalized but in 19 states it was abolished (Phillips, 2009). The criminal justice system of America is usually based on aspects of fairness, integrity, and equality whereby all the crime offenders are treated equally. For the case of heinous crimes, the criminals deserve capital punishment. However, the death penalty is viewed to violate the 8th amendment because it puts restrictions on excessive fines (Dardis, et al., 2008). Currently, the issue of capital punishment is still being debated. The execution methods included beheading, beating, burning, drowning and hanging. More cruel methods were impalement, boiling, and crucifixion.
Capital punishment is highly supported by numerous verses found in the Old Testament. However, there are several arguments which are against the death penalty. Majority of the Christians do not actually believe that capital punishment was initially witnessed in God`s acts after the Ark was disembarked by Noah. Apart from the creatures which were on the Ark, all other animals and human beings were eradicated by God. As a result of the violence which was witnessed in the entire world, God found it important to start a new human race using Noah`s family. Therefore, God put capital punishment into action by beginning a new civilization (Phillips, 2009). In addition, capital punishment was used by God in dealing with the sins committed by the Israelites. In general, God Himself engaged in capital punishment either directly or indirectly as a way of disciplining those Israelites who endangered Israel.
Arguments against Capital punishment
Capital punishment is a miscarriage of justice
In the case of the wrongful execution, the executed innocent individual cannot be unexecuted. Therefore, through capital punishment, justice can b.
Research proposal final copy
Research proposal on victim impact of wrongful convictions in Texas the criminal justice system
CJ302 Final Exam1. What is your response to the argument t.docx
CJ302 Final Exam
1. What is your response to the argument that the death penalty is disproportionately imposed on minorities and the poor? Consider the following: What was the finding of the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of McCleskey v. Kemp, and how has this case changed the approach used by defense attorneys in capital cases? Finally, state your opinion on the Supreme Courts’ holdings in McCleskey v. Kemp.
The death penalty is the ultimate punishment for a criminal offender but as with other aspects of the criminal justice system there is a potential bias for the minority. In fact critics of the death penalty find the death penalty is disproportionately imposed on minorities and they would be correct. It is a well known fact there are more minorities on death row and in fact in some states the difference in minorities and non minorities on death row is significant. For example in Texas 70% of criminal offenders on death row are minorities (Dieter, 2013). The problem is in Texas minorities make up less than 25% of the entire population.
In the case of McCleskey v. Kemp, McClesky claimed based on a quantitative study conducted by Professor David Baldus of the University of Iowa Law School the Georgia's death penalty is racially biased. The Supreme Court ruled the claim made by McCleksy was too broad and any racial discrimination must apply to his individual case with actors in the criminal justice system violating his constitutional rights. Based on this ruling a criminal defendant cannot claim a system-wide pattern of racial disparity but must instead prove a specific actor involved in their case caused the constitutional violation. This ruling is wrong because it is far more important to recognize a system-wide pattern of racial disparity.
Dieter, R. (2013). The Death Penalty in Black and White: Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Decides. Retrieved June 26, 2013 from http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/death-penalty-black-and-white-who-lives-who-dies-who-decides
2. Name at least three unintended consequences of an ever-increasing prison population? Give concrete examples of each. Discuss the political and social effects of these consequences. Are they acceptable? Explain your reasoning.
America currently has the largest prison population in the world and as a result the prisons are extremely overcrowded. When prisons are overcrowded there is no room for criminal offenders. The prison will have to get creative in housing the criminal offender. In some cases prison inmates are warehoused in the common areas of the prison or they are crammed into two man cells (Howard, 2002). One consequence from the overcrowding is a reduction in safety for both the inmate and prison guard. The overcrowding makes it difficult for prison staff to properly control prisoners making their job more difficult.
The second consequence is poor living conditions. When prisons are overcrowded the correctional system just struggles to house the inmates. Providing med.
Mandatory Minimum Sentencing Policy Review
An academic policy review of the history, implementation, and implications of mandatory minimum sentencing in the U.S. criminal justice system.
At least two paragraphs each explaining the answer1. Pickering.docx
At least two paragraphs each explaining the answer
1. Pickering v. Board of Education (1968): should the freedom of speech be protected even in cases where false statements were made as in Pickering’s letter? Explain
2. Hale v. Walsh (1987): do you agree with the Court in the Hale decision that his firing violated the liberty interest established by joining the union? Explain why or why not.
3. Should property interest only be established after tenure or should the termination without just cause be sufficient for property even during probationary periods?
Insert surname Here
Student name
Course
Professor
Institution
Date
The death Penalty
The death penalty (Also known as capital punishment) has been legalized in 31 states. It has also been legalized in the federal civilian and military legal systems. The application of this law is however limited to the changes committed to the constitution that I can only be passed to individuals who are adults and who have a sane mind in the time of committing a murder crime. The practice of capital punishment has its origin in the English common law for many felonies and was later forced on all British colonies before they attained independence. The methods used to execute the punishments however varied from state to state and were changed by the leaders over time with the most preferred method being the injection by a lethal poison. The executions have been carried out successfully in many states in the USA since then.
A total of 28 inmates were executed in the United States in the states of Florida, Georgia, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas and Virginia. The number of the inmates on death row was estimated to be over 3,000. The leading state in these executions is Alabama with the latest case being in 2011. The other states have however a considerable frequency of the executions. The death penalty is nowadays prevalent only in the USA. All countries in the world have abolished these laws.
History of death penalty
The first case of capital punishment was the execution of a Spanish spy Captain George Kendall by the British in North America in the year 1968. He was executed by the firing squad at the Jamestown colony. The next was the hanging of the British Major Andre by the then continental army. This took place during the American Revolution war at Tappan in New York. The event took place on October 2, 1780. He had been convicted of espionage. There are also various documented cases of capital punishment throughout the US. In one of the files by a writer M. Watt Espy and John Ortiz Smykla, a total of 15,269 people were executed between 1608 and the year 1991. The US also executed 135 soldiers between 1916 and 1955. It is evident that executions were very common in the 19th century in the US.
The history of capital punishment cannot go without the mention of the execution of the 38 American Indians who were accused of rape and murder in the Dakota war of 1862. The executions were simultaneous a ...
Anorexia1-Definition2-Epidemiology in united states2.docx
Anorexia
1-Definition
2-Epidemiology in united states
2-Symptoms and signs
3-Diagnosis Criteria
4-Differential diagnosis
5-Treatment
6-Criteria for hospitalization
7-Other diseases related with inadequate calories intake
8-Underweight and growth failure definition
At least 15 slides. APA format.turtinitin report
.
Annotated BibliographyIn preparation of next weeks final as.docx
Annotated Bibliography
In preparation of next week's final assignment, prepare an annotated bibliography of all resources (required and those you selected) used to date (minimum of 26) at this time.
esources
Required References
Click url to play videos
Beautiful Mind. (2005, October 11). Wal-Mart: The high cost of low price [Video file]. New York, NY: Retail Project L.L.C. Retrieved from
Walmart The High Cost Of Low Price (Links to an external site.)
Fadi-BNZE-HD. (2014, March 14). Full documentary no logo brands, globalization and resistance [Video file]. Retrieved from
No Logo Brands, Globalization and Resistance (Links to an external site.)
*Study guide, http://www.mediaed.org/assets/products/115/studyguide_115.pdf
Ford School. (2011, March 11). @fordschool - Paul Krugman: Reflections on Globalization: Yesteryear and today[Video file]. Retrieved from
[email protected]
- Paul Krugman: Reflections on Globalization: Yesteryear and Today (Links to an external site.)
PBS Newshour. (2014, August 20).
‘Factory Man’ explores human side of how globalization affects U.S. industry
[Video file]. Retrieved from
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/factory-man-explores-human-side-globalization-affects-u-s-industry/ (Links to an external site.)
Walmart. (n.d.). Community giving. http://foundation.walmart.com/
Recommended References
International Monetary Fund. (n.d.).
Key issues: Globalization
. Retrieved from http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/key/global.htm
World Affairs Council: Nor Cal. (2006, October 6).
Making globalization work Joseph Stiglitz
[Video file]. Retrieved from
http://library.fora.tv/2006/10/10/Making_Globalization_Work (Links to an external site.)
Online Writing Lab (n.d.).
Annotated bibliography samples
. Retrieved from https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/614/03/
esources
Required References
Click url to play videos
Beautiful Mind. (2005, October 11). Wal-Mart: The high cost of low price [Video file]. New York, NY: Retail Project L.L.C. Retrieved from
Walmart The High Cost Of Low Price (Links to an external site.)
Fadi-BNZE-HD. (2014, March 14). Full documentary no logo brands, globalization and resistance [Video file]. Retrieved from
No Logo Brands, Globalization and Resistance (Links to an external site.)
*Study guide, http://www.mediaed.org/assets/products/115/studyguide_115.pdf
Ford School. (2011, March 11). @fordschool - Paul Krugman: Reflections on Globalization: Yesteryear and today[Video file]. Retrieved from
[email protected]
- Paul Krugman: Reflections on Globalization: Yesteryear and Today (Links to an external site.)
PBS Newshour. (2014, August 20).
‘Factory Man’ explores human side of how globalization affects U.S. industry
[Video file]. Retrieved from
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/factory-man-explores-human-side-globalization-affects-u-s-industry/ (Links to an external site.)
Walmart. (n.d.). Community giving. http://foundation.walmart.com/
Recommended References
Internation.
Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer,Part I .docx
Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer,
Part I: National Cancer Statistics
Kathleen A. Cronin, PhD, MPH1; Andrew J. Lake, BS2; Susan Scott, MPH 1; Recinda L. Sherman, MPH, PhD, CTR3;
Anne-Michelle Noone, MS1; Nadia Howlader, MS, PhD1; S. Jane Henley, MSPH4; Robert N. Anderson, PhD5;
Albert U. Firth, BS2; Jiemin Ma, PhD, MHS6; Betsy A. Kohler, MPH, CTR3; and Ahmedin Jemal, DVM, PhD 6
BACKGROUND: The American Cancer Society (ACS), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer
Institute (NCI), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate to provide annual updates
on cancer occurrence and trends in the United States. METHODS: Incidence data were obtained from the CDC-funded and NCI-
funded population-based cancer registry programs and compiled by NAACCR. Data on cancer deaths were obtained from the
National Center for Health Statistics National Vital Statistics System. Trends in age-standardized incidence and death rates for all can-
cers combined and for the leading cancer types by sex, race, and ethnicity were estimated by joinpoint analysis and expressed as the
annual percent change. Stage distribution and 5-year survival by stage at diagnosis were calculated for breast cancer, colon and rec-
tum (colorectal) cancer, lung and bronchus cancer, and melanoma of the skin. RESULTS: Overall cancer incidence rates from 2008 to
2014 decreased by 2.2% per year among men but were stable among women. Overall cancer death rates from 1999 to 2015
decreased by 1.8% per year among men and by 1.4% per year among women. Among men, incidence rates during the most recent 5-
year period (2010-2014) decreased for 7 of the 17 most common cancer types, and death rates (2011-2015) decreased for 11 of the 18
most common types. Among women, incidence rates declined for 7 of the 18 most common cancers, and death rates declined for 14
of the 20 most common cancers. Death rates decreased for cancer sites, including lung and bronchus (men and women), colorectal
(men and women), female breast, and prostate. Death rates increased for cancers of the liver (men and women); pancreas (men and
women); brain and other nervous system (men and women); oral cavity and pharynx (men only); soft tissue, including heart (men
only); nonmelanoma skin (men only); and uterus. Incidence and death rates were higher among men than among women for all racial
and ethnic groups. For all cancer sites combined, black men and white women had the highest incidence rates compared with other
racial groups, and black men and black women had the highest death rates compared with other racial groups. Non-Hispanic men
and women had higher incidence and mortality rates than those of Hispanic ethnicity. Five-year survival for cases diagnosed from
2007 through 2013 ranged from 100% (stage I) to 26.5% (stage IV) for female breast cancer, from 88.1% (stage I) to 12.6% (stage IV)
for colorectal cancer, from 55.
Annotated BibliographyDue 1212019 @ 12pm Eastern Time (Unite.docx
Annotated Bibliography
Due 12/1/2019 @ 12pm Eastern Time (United States)
3-5 pages
Must be in APA format
Must use a minimum of 8
scholarly article
Must be submitted through turnitin and submit the report
Instructions are attached
.
Annotated BibliographyFor this assignment, you will create an .docx
Annotated Bibliography
For this assignment, you will create an annotated bibliography on social determinants.
- Select five articles you wish to annotate. Make certain to select different types of disparities, such as race, gender, SES, age, language, liability status, etc.
For more information about the elements of an
Annotated Bibliography
.
Attached, you will find a document that can provide more in-depth information on how to construct an annotated bibliography, including samples.
FREE OF PLAGIARISM (TURNITIN ASSIGNMENT)
.
Annotated bibliography due in 36 hours. MLA format Must incl.docx
Annotated bibliography due in 36 hours.
MLA format
Must include 8 sources
Annotations should be between 4 to 7 sentences.
PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE review ALL attachments because they are very important and are beneficial for the next part (research paper).
The book is Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe.
I also included an attachment for the research paper so you can know what to focus on for the annotated bib.
.
More Related Content
Similar to Alton Terry Respond with 150 words and 2 references with.docx
Week 5 CEA ProjectAssignment Task Submit to complete th
Week
5 CEA Project
Assignment
Task: Submit to complete this assignment
Due May 31 at 11:59 PM
MBA5005 Individual Project
Week 5 Deliverables
This week, you will revise the first part of the paper according to your instructor’s comments. You will add additional articles, laws, cases and summary as outlined below. You will then combine all information and submit the final paper using the instructions provided.
Revisions
Revise the paper submitted in Week 3.
Literature Review
For Week 5, locate two additional scholarly articles related to your topic. Summarize the articles in your own words and explain how they are related to your topic. Do not use published cases for this section. You must use scholarly articles from the South University Online Library. Legal journals may provide some of the best sources of information. Westlaw Campus Research is a good option for finding legal information in law journals. When you combine this section with Week 3, you will have a total of at least four articles.
Laws and Regulations
Research and analyze one additional law or regulation related to the topic you selected. The information may require research of federal and/or state laws, as well as administrative agency laws. Summarize the information about the law or regulation you found and explain how it applies to your topic. When you combine this section with Week 3, you will have a minimum of two laws or regulations. Depending on the topic, you may compare the laws of two states For example, if you are writing about gender discrimination, compare the federal law with law from one of the states that also provides protection at the state level. States often provide more protection than the federal law.
Cases
Research at least two additional published cases (lawsuits) related to the topic you selected. Summarize the cases in your own words and explain how they are related to your topic. Provide a summary that includes the name of the case, state or federal court, issue, summary of events and ruling. Explain whether you agree or disagree with the court’s decision. Combine the case from Week 3 with this section for a total of three cases.
Summary/Conclusion
As an ending to your paper, summarize what you have learned. Assess and communicate what you believe the future holds as it relates to your topic.
If applicable, discuss how you might apply what your learned to your personal or professional life.
Add the parts from Week 3 and submit your final paper in accordance with the formatting instructions provided.
Formatting Instructions
Submit a 10 to 14-page paper about the topic selected.
The paper should consist of a cover page, short introduction, explanation of the legal issue, literature review, analysis of related laws or regulations, reviews of cases, summary of information learned and application to your professional life, and a separate reference page.
Use APA format for the paper. Review the APA materials ...
Running head INEFFECTIVENESS OF THE CAPITAL PUNISHMENT SYSTEM1.docx
Running head: INEFFECTIVENESS OF THE CAPITAL PUNISHMENT SYSTEM 1
INEFFECTIVENESS OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT SYSTEM 8
Ineffectiveness of the Capital Punishment System
Name
Introduction
Capital punishment is one of the major social issues affecting the sustenance of peace, democracy and mutual coexistence in the United States. Capital punishment is sometimes referred to as the death penalty and is largely recognized as a lawful sentence in 31 out of 50 states found in the United States. The Eighth Amendment constrains the application to disturbed killings submitted by rationally capable grown-ups. Historical analysis reveal that this mode of punishment began officially in 1776 after being authorized for identical law offences in the greater part of the American provinces preceding the country’s independence. This paper seeks to establish the ineffectiveness of the entire system and conclude by providing alternative solutions.
Problem Statement
According to Melusky and Pesto (2011), capital punishment in America is a broken procedure existing as a major social challenge. Currently, many opponents have risen to criticize and champion for the abolishment of the capital punishment due to its alleged ineffectiveness. These forms of punishments are anticipated not by the grievousness of the wrongdoing but rather by the low quality of the safeguard legal advisors, the race of the blamed or the casualty, and the district and state in which the wrongdoing happened.
On numerous occasions, research has shown that the criminal equity framework neglects to secure the poor and persons with genuine mental inabilities and ailments from execution (Melusky & Pesto, 2011). Indeed, even the organization of executions is totally defective: Every strategy for execution accompanies a heinously high danger of great agony and torment. Today, open backing for capital punishment is falling; the quantities of new capital punishments and executions are both quickly diminishing, it perhaps communicates the message that the time is ripe for America to end this fizzled test. It is, therefore, imperative to discuss the ineffective of capital punishment as a social issue in the United States.
Current Statistical Overview
Previous statistics reveal that thirty-five prisoners were executed last year in the U.S., and over 3,000 were on a death row. From 1976 to 2015, 1,392 executions happened in the United States, and 995 of them occurred in the South. Nonetheless, this deadly infusion has been the most widely recognized technique since the late 1970s. Thirty-four states have had executions since the death penalty was restored in 1976. Some of the states that took a lead role in the implementation of this awful law included Oklahoma, Ohio, Missouri, Texas, Arizona, Florida, Georgia and Virginia. Additionally, these states were accused to have executed the law with relative recurrence. However, Texas and Oklahoma led the charge, with the most executions, and the m ...
HOW ISthe argument built What comes firstDO THEpoi.docx
HOW IS
the argument built?
What comes first?
DO THE
points follow a logical sequence
or timeline?
HOW DID
the author divide the sections?
DID THE
author use a compare and
contrast analysis?
DID THE
author present a problem and
its solution?
STRUCTURE
OF THE
ARGUMENT
WHAT IS
the tone?
DOES THE
word selection reveal
any biases?
IS THE LANGUAGE
clear and vigorous?
LANGUAGE
WHOM IS
the author addressing?
WHAT IS
the author’s purpose?
WHAT EVIDENCE
is used to support the author’s
argument?
WHAT IS
the context of the work?
CONTENT
KNOW WHICH QUESTIONS TO ASK WHEN ANALYZING:
Adapted from the Understanding Arguments page from
the Walden University Writing Center website.
UNDERSTANDING
ARGUMENTS
WEEK
2
© 2015 Laureate Education, Inc.
Running head: OVERCROWDED PRISONS1
OVERCROWDED PRISONS7
Problem Evaluation: Overcrowded Prisons
Alyssa Cunningham
CJA/355
Matthew Kite
March 5, 2018
Problem Evaluation: Overcrowded Prisons
The correctional system plays an important role in the criminal justice system. Imprisonment serves as a method of locking away dangerous people for the purpose of protecting the public and rehabilitating people who have been caught committing various crimes so that they can be ready to be assimilated back into the communities with a lower risk of recidivism. Prisons also serve as a way of punishment, to discourage wrongdoing among the public. Due to these important roles, the criminal justice system has to imprison people. However, the system has experienced a huge problem of overcrowding because of the high rate of incarceration and the low availability of resources.
Problem Identification
Overcrowding of prisons is a huge problem that affects the United States criminal justice system. The United States prison population is growing at a higher rate than the government has been able to control. The number of incarcerated people was grown significantly between 1970 and 1990 during the government’s ‘war on drugs’ when the drug laws were enhanced to include more serious punishments for people involved in drug crimes. Additionally, the high prison population in the United States has been shown to be a result of the poor rehabilitation abilities of the prison system (Williams & Porter, 2016). Studies have shown that a majority of prisoners in the country are recidivists and drug offenders. The issue of prison overcrowding is a problem mainly because of the understaffing and the underfunding, which makes the prison conditions relatively poor. Therefore, it is important that this problem is examined and solutions developed to solve it.
Quantifying the Problem
Imprisonment is the most common form of punishment for criminal activity in the United States. It is estimated that America has the second highest imprisonment rate per capita in the world, only after Seychelles. As at 2014, it was recorded that there are 735 incarcerated people per 100,000 of the population. This value was increased by approximat ...
Contemporary prison overcrowding short-term fixes to aperpe
Contemporary prison overcrowding: short-term fixes to a
perpetual problem
James M.A. Pittsa, O. Hayden Griffin, IIIb* and W. Wesley Johnsona
aUniversity of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA; bUniversity of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
(Received 6 February 2013; accepted 8 June 2013)
Since the United States began using incarceration as its cornerstone of
punishment for those who transgress the law, this method of discipline has been
fraught with problems. One of the most ubiquitous problems found within cor-
rectional institutions are the conditions inmates are forced to live in particularly,
when penal facilities are overcrowded. These conditions have led to extensive
litigation, compelling the judicial system to change. Although overall conditions
have improved, a perpetually increasing inmate population continues to plague
correctional systems as costs continue to rise. As state budgets have become
strained during the economic downturns, many states’ officials view less
punitive measures as possible solutions to the excessive costs of administering
punishment and overcrowded inmate populations. Due to facility overcrowding,
several states have actually been placed under federal court order to reduce their
inmate population in order to protect inmates’ constitutional rights. Although
this has resulted in a change of policies to help alleviate prison overcrowding,
there is little evidence these are anything more than short-term fixes to a
problem with no end in sight.
Keywords: prison overcrowding; inmate population; sentencing; corrections
policy
Introduction
In the United States, like many other affluent nations, law has become the blueprint
by which society is governed. The concept of punishment is typically connected to
or associated with the law, and usually follows as a consequence of non-compliance
with those directives. As such, the means by which a society administers
punishment is often thoroughly scrutinized to insure fairness and efficiency in
obtaining justice. Incarceration has been the dominant form of punishment in
American society for serious crimes (Ross, 2010; Verro, 2010). In fact, some would
argue that incarceration has been overused to such a degree that it constitutes an
inefficient use of resources.
In recent years, many states have become fiscally strained as the practice of
mass incarceration has come under increased criticism (Ekland-Olson, Barrick, &
Cohen, 1983; Harris, 1991; Lucken, 2011; Nagel 1977). As such, many of these
states are beginning to re-evaluate their use of incarceration in an attempt to better
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
© 2014 Taylor & Francis
Contemporary Justice Review, 2014
Vol. 17, No. 1, 124–139, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2014.883844
mailto:[email protected]
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2014.883844
utilize the limited resources at their disposal (Ekland-Olson et al., 1983; Feinstein,
2011; Harriman & Straussman, 1983; Har ...
Contemporary prison overcrowding short-term fixes to aperpe.docx
Contemporary prison overcrowding: short-term fixes to a
perpetual problem
James M.A. Pittsa, O. Hayden Griffin, IIIb* and W. Wesley Johnsona
aUniversity of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA; bUniversity of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
(Received 6 February 2013; accepted 8 June 2013)
Since the United States began using incarceration as its cornerstone of
punishment for those who transgress the law, this method of discipline has been
fraught with problems. One of the most ubiquitous problems found within cor-
rectional institutions are the conditions inmates are forced to live in particularly,
when penal facilities are overcrowded. These conditions have led to extensive
litigation, compelling the judicial system to change. Although overall conditions
have improved, a perpetually increasing inmate population continues to plague
correctional systems as costs continue to rise. As state budgets have become
strained during the economic downturns, many states’ officials view less
punitive measures as possible solutions to the excessive costs of administering
punishment and overcrowded inmate populations. Due to facility overcrowding,
several states have actually been placed under federal court order to reduce their
inmate population in order to protect inmates’ constitutional rights. Although
this has resulted in a change of policies to help alleviate prison overcrowding,
there is little evidence these are anything more than short-term fixes to a
problem with no end in sight.
Keywords: prison overcrowding; inmate population; sentencing; corrections
policy
Introduction
In the United States, like many other affluent nations, law has become the blueprint
by which society is governed. The concept of punishment is typically connected to
or associated with the law, and usually follows as a consequence of non-compliance
with those directives. As such, the means by which a society administers
punishment is often thoroughly scrutinized to insure fairness and efficiency in
obtaining justice. Incarceration has been the dominant form of punishment in
American society for serious crimes (Ross, 2010; Verro, 2010). In fact, some would
argue that incarceration has been overused to such a degree that it constitutes an
inefficient use of resources.
In recent years, many states have become fiscally strained as the practice of
mass incarceration has come under increased criticism (Ekland-Olson, Barrick, &
Cohen, 1983; Harris, 1991; Lucken, 2011; Nagel 1977). As such, many of these
states are beginning to re-evaluate their use of incarceration in an attempt to better
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
© 2014 Taylor & Francis
Contemporary Justice Review, 2014
Vol. 17, No. 1, 124–139, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2014.883844
mailto:[email protected]
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2014.883844
utilize the limited resources at their disposal (Ekland-Olson et al., 1983; Feinstein,
2011; Harriman & Straussman, 1983; Har.
Running head Capital punishment debate Capital punishment deba.docx
Running head: Capital punishment debate
Capital punishment debate
Capital punishment debate
University
Student
Id
Course
Date
Introduction
For a long period of time, capital punishment has been viewed to be part of the human culture. The importance of capital punishment is that it deters people from committing perilous crimes and also the easiest way of liberating the public from the dangerous lawbreakers (Cohen-Cole, et al., 2008). Currently, the majority of the individuals are still confused if capital punishment is appropriate to form part of the criminal justice system. Even though some of the Christians believe that this issue is clarified in the bible, some of them think the Old Testament law was replaced by the New Testament ethic of love. This paper explores capital punishment with both arguments for and against being discussed to support the claim.
Background
For several centuries, the death penalty has been incorporated in the criminal justice system of the United States. Capital punishment has been viewed to be a controversial aspect. In 33 states, the death penalty was legalized but in 19 states it was abolished (Phillips, 2009). The criminal justice system of America is usually based on aspects of fairness, integrity, and equality whereby all the crime offenders are treated equally. For the case of heinous crimes, the criminals deserve capital punishment. However, the death penalty is viewed to violate the 8th amendment because it puts restrictions on excessive fines (Dardis, et al., 2008). Currently, the issue of capital punishment is still being debated. The execution methods included beheading, beating, burning, drowning and hanging. More cruel methods were impalement, boiling, and crucifixion.
Capital punishment is highly supported by numerous verses found in the Old Testament. However, there are several arguments which are against the death penalty. Majority of the Christians do not actually believe that capital punishment was initially witnessed in God`s acts after the Ark was disembarked by Noah. Apart from the creatures which were on the Ark, all other animals and human beings were eradicated by God. As a result of the violence which was witnessed in the entire world, God found it important to start a new human race using Noah`s family. Therefore, God put capital punishment into action by beginning a new civilization (Phillips, 2009). In addition, capital punishment was used by God in dealing with the sins committed by the Israelites. In general, God Himself engaged in capital punishment either directly or indirectly as a way of disciplining those Israelites who endangered Israel.
Arguments against Capital punishment
Capital punishment is a miscarriage of justice
In the case of the wrongful execution, the executed innocent individual cannot be unexecuted. Therefore, through capital punishment, justice can b.
Research proposal final copy
Research proposal on victim impact of wrongful convictions in Texas the criminal justice system
CJ302 Final Exam1. What is your response to the argument t.docx
CJ302 Final Exam
1. What is your response to the argument that the death penalty is disproportionately imposed on minorities and the poor? Consider the following: What was the finding of the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of McCleskey v. Kemp, and how has this case changed the approach used by defense attorneys in capital cases? Finally, state your opinion on the Supreme Courts’ holdings in McCleskey v. Kemp.
The death penalty is the ultimate punishment for a criminal offender but as with other aspects of the criminal justice system there is a potential bias for the minority. In fact critics of the death penalty find the death penalty is disproportionately imposed on minorities and they would be correct. It is a well known fact there are more minorities on death row and in fact in some states the difference in minorities and non minorities on death row is significant. For example in Texas 70% of criminal offenders on death row are minorities (Dieter, 2013). The problem is in Texas minorities make up less than 25% of the entire population.
In the case of McCleskey v. Kemp, McClesky claimed based on a quantitative study conducted by Professor David Baldus of the University of Iowa Law School the Georgia's death penalty is racially biased. The Supreme Court ruled the claim made by McCleksy was too broad and any racial discrimination must apply to his individual case with actors in the criminal justice system violating his constitutional rights. Based on this ruling a criminal defendant cannot claim a system-wide pattern of racial disparity but must instead prove a specific actor involved in their case caused the constitutional violation. This ruling is wrong because it is far more important to recognize a system-wide pattern of racial disparity.
Dieter, R. (2013). The Death Penalty in Black and White: Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Decides. Retrieved June 26, 2013 from http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/death-penalty-black-and-white-who-lives-who-dies-who-decides
2. Name at least three unintended consequences of an ever-increasing prison population? Give concrete examples of each. Discuss the political and social effects of these consequences. Are they acceptable? Explain your reasoning.
America currently has the largest prison population in the world and as a result the prisons are extremely overcrowded. When prisons are overcrowded there is no room for criminal offenders. The prison will have to get creative in housing the criminal offender. In some cases prison inmates are warehoused in the common areas of the prison or they are crammed into two man cells (Howard, 2002). One consequence from the overcrowding is a reduction in safety for both the inmate and prison guard. The overcrowding makes it difficult for prison staff to properly control prisoners making their job more difficult.
The second consequence is poor living conditions. When prisons are overcrowded the correctional system just struggles to house the inmates. Providing med.
Mandatory Minimum Sentencing Policy Review
An academic policy review of the history, implementation, and implications of mandatory minimum sentencing in the U.S. criminal justice system.
At least two paragraphs each explaining the answer1. Pickering.docx
At least two paragraphs each explaining the answer
1. Pickering v. Board of Education (1968): should the freedom of speech be protected even in cases where false statements were made as in Pickering’s letter? Explain
2. Hale v. Walsh (1987): do you agree with the Court in the Hale decision that his firing violated the liberty interest established by joining the union? Explain why or why not.
3. Should property interest only be established after tenure or should the termination without just cause be sufficient for property even during probationary periods?
Insert surname Here
Student name
Course
Professor
Institution
Date
The death Penalty
The death penalty (Also known as capital punishment) has been legalized in 31 states. It has also been legalized in the federal civilian and military legal systems. The application of this law is however limited to the changes committed to the constitution that I can only be passed to individuals who are adults and who have a sane mind in the time of committing a murder crime. The practice of capital punishment has its origin in the English common law for many felonies and was later forced on all British colonies before they attained independence. The methods used to execute the punishments however varied from state to state and were changed by the leaders over time with the most preferred method being the injection by a lethal poison. The executions have been carried out successfully in many states in the USA since then.
A total of 28 inmates were executed in the United States in the states of Florida, Georgia, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas and Virginia. The number of the inmates on death row was estimated to be over 3,000. The leading state in these executions is Alabama with the latest case being in 2011. The other states have however a considerable frequency of the executions. The death penalty is nowadays prevalent only in the USA. All countries in the world have abolished these laws.
History of death penalty
The first case of capital punishment was the execution of a Spanish spy Captain George Kendall by the British in North America in the year 1968. He was executed by the firing squad at the Jamestown colony. The next was the hanging of the British Major Andre by the then continental army. This took place during the American Revolution war at Tappan in New York. The event took place on October 2, 1780. He had been convicted of espionage. There are also various documented cases of capital punishment throughout the US. In one of the files by a writer M. Watt Espy and John Ortiz Smykla, a total of 15,269 people were executed between 1608 and the year 1991. The US also executed 135 soldiers between 1916 and 1955. It is evident that executions were very common in the 19th century in the US.
The history of capital punishment cannot go without the mention of the execution of the 38 American Indians who were accused of rape and murder in the Dakota war of 1862. The executions were simultaneous a ...
Similar to Alton Terry Respond with 150 words and 2 references with.docx (16)
Week 5 CEA ProjectAssignment Task Submit to complete th
Week 5 CEA ProjectAssignment Task Submit to complete th
Running head INEFFECTIVENESS OF THE CAPITAL PUNISHMENT SYSTEM1.docx
Running head INEFFECTIVENESS OF THE CAPITAL PUNISHMENT SYSTEM1.docx
HOW ISthe argument built What comes firstDO THEpoi.docx
HOW ISthe argument built What comes firstDO THEpoi.docx
Contemporary prison overcrowding short-term fixes to aperpe
Contemporary prison overcrowding short-term fixes to aperpe
Contemporary prison overcrowding short-term fixes to aperpe.docx
Contemporary prison overcrowding short-term fixes to aperpe.docx
Mass inceration within the nation (poli-sci final paper) #2
Mass inceration within the nation (poli-sci final paper) #2
Running head Capital punishment debate Capital punishment deba.docx
Running head Capital punishment debate Capital punishment deba.docx
CJ302 Final Exam1. What is your response to the argument t.docx
CJ302 Final Exam1. What is your response to the argument t.docx
At least two paragraphs each explaining the answer1. Pickering.docx
At least two paragraphs each explaining the answer1. Pickering.docx
More from jack60216
Anorexia1-Definition2-Epidemiology in united states2.docx
Anorexia
1-Definition
2-Epidemiology in united states
2-Symptoms and signs
3-Diagnosis Criteria
4-Differential diagnosis
5-Treatment
6-Criteria for hospitalization
7-Other diseases related with inadequate calories intake
8-Underweight and growth failure definition
At least 15 slides. APA format.turtinitin report
.
Annotated BibliographyIn preparation of next weeks final as.docx
Annotated Bibliography
In preparation of next week's final assignment, prepare an annotated bibliography of all resources (required and those you selected) used to date (minimum of 26) at this time.
esources
Required References
Click url to play videos
Beautiful Mind. (2005, October 11). Wal-Mart: The high cost of low price [Video file]. New York, NY: Retail Project L.L.C. Retrieved from
Walmart The High Cost Of Low Price (Links to an external site.)
Fadi-BNZE-HD. (2014, March 14). Full documentary no logo brands, globalization and resistance [Video file]. Retrieved from
No Logo Brands, Globalization and Resistance (Links to an external site.)
*Study guide, http://www.mediaed.org/assets/products/115/studyguide_115.pdf
Ford School. (2011, March 11). @fordschool - Paul Krugman: Reflections on Globalization: Yesteryear and today[Video file]. Retrieved from
[email protected]
- Paul Krugman: Reflections on Globalization: Yesteryear and Today (Links to an external site.)
PBS Newshour. (2014, August 20).
‘Factory Man’ explores human side of how globalization affects U.S. industry
[Video file]. Retrieved from
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/factory-man-explores-human-side-globalization-affects-u-s-industry/ (Links to an external site.)
Walmart. (n.d.). Community giving. http://foundation.walmart.com/
Recommended References
International Monetary Fund. (n.d.).
Key issues: Globalization
. Retrieved from http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/key/global.htm
World Affairs Council: Nor Cal. (2006, October 6).
Making globalization work Joseph Stiglitz
[Video file]. Retrieved from
http://library.fora.tv/2006/10/10/Making_Globalization_Work (Links to an external site.)
Online Writing Lab (n.d.).
Annotated bibliography samples
. Retrieved from https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/614/03/
esources
Required References
Click url to play videos
Beautiful Mind. (2005, October 11). Wal-Mart: The high cost of low price [Video file]. New York, NY: Retail Project L.L.C. Retrieved from
Walmart The High Cost Of Low Price (Links to an external site.)
Fadi-BNZE-HD. (2014, March 14). Full documentary no logo brands, globalization and resistance [Video file]. Retrieved from
No Logo Brands, Globalization and Resistance (Links to an external site.)
*Study guide, http://www.mediaed.org/assets/products/115/studyguide_115.pdf
Ford School. (2011, March 11). @fordschool - Paul Krugman: Reflections on Globalization: Yesteryear and today[Video file]. Retrieved from
[email protected]
- Paul Krugman: Reflections on Globalization: Yesteryear and Today (Links to an external site.)
PBS Newshour. (2014, August 20).
‘Factory Man’ explores human side of how globalization affects U.S. industry
[Video file]. Retrieved from
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/factory-man-explores-human-side-globalization-affects-u-s-industry/ (Links to an external site.)
Walmart. (n.d.). Community giving. http://foundation.walmart.com/
Recommended References
Internation.
Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer,Part I .docx
Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer,
Part I: National Cancer Statistics
Kathleen A. Cronin, PhD, MPH1; Andrew J. Lake, BS2; Susan Scott, MPH 1; Recinda L. Sherman, MPH, PhD, CTR3;
Anne-Michelle Noone, MS1; Nadia Howlader, MS, PhD1; S. Jane Henley, MSPH4; Robert N. Anderson, PhD5;
Albert U. Firth, BS2; Jiemin Ma, PhD, MHS6; Betsy A. Kohler, MPH, CTR3; and Ahmedin Jemal, DVM, PhD 6
BACKGROUND: The American Cancer Society (ACS), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer
Institute (NCI), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate to provide annual updates
on cancer occurrence and trends in the United States. METHODS: Incidence data were obtained from the CDC-funded and NCI-
funded population-based cancer registry programs and compiled by NAACCR. Data on cancer deaths were obtained from the
National Center for Health Statistics National Vital Statistics System. Trends in age-standardized incidence and death rates for all can-
cers combined and for the leading cancer types by sex, race, and ethnicity were estimated by joinpoint analysis and expressed as the
annual percent change. Stage distribution and 5-year survival by stage at diagnosis were calculated for breast cancer, colon and rec-
tum (colorectal) cancer, lung and bronchus cancer, and melanoma of the skin. RESULTS: Overall cancer incidence rates from 2008 to
2014 decreased by 2.2% per year among men but were stable among women. Overall cancer death rates from 1999 to 2015
decreased by 1.8% per year among men and by 1.4% per year among women. Among men, incidence rates during the most recent 5-
year period (2010-2014) decreased for 7 of the 17 most common cancer types, and death rates (2011-2015) decreased for 11 of the 18
most common types. Among women, incidence rates declined for 7 of the 18 most common cancers, and death rates declined for 14
of the 20 most common cancers. Death rates decreased for cancer sites, including lung and bronchus (men and women), colorectal
(men and women), female breast, and prostate. Death rates increased for cancers of the liver (men and women); pancreas (men and
women); brain and other nervous system (men and women); oral cavity and pharynx (men only); soft tissue, including heart (men
only); nonmelanoma skin (men only); and uterus. Incidence and death rates were higher among men than among women for all racial
and ethnic groups. For all cancer sites combined, black men and white women had the highest incidence rates compared with other
racial groups, and black men and black women had the highest death rates compared with other racial groups. Non-Hispanic men
and women had higher incidence and mortality rates than those of Hispanic ethnicity. Five-year survival for cases diagnosed from
2007 through 2013 ranged from 100% (stage I) to 26.5% (stage IV) for female breast cancer, from 88.1% (stage I) to 12.6% (stage IV)
for colorectal cancer, from 55.
Annotated BibliographyDue 1212019 @ 12pm Eastern Time (Unite.docx
Annotated Bibliography
Due 12/1/2019 @ 12pm Eastern Time (United States)
3-5 pages
Must be in APA format
Must use a minimum of 8
scholarly article
Must be submitted through turnitin and submit the report
Instructions are attached
.
Annotated BibliographyFor this assignment, you will create an .docx
Annotated Bibliography
For this assignment, you will create an annotated bibliography on social determinants.
- Select five articles you wish to annotate. Make certain to select different types of disparities, such as race, gender, SES, age, language, liability status, etc.
For more information about the elements of an
Annotated Bibliography
.
Attached, you will find a document that can provide more in-depth information on how to construct an annotated bibliography, including samples.
FREE OF PLAGIARISM (TURNITIN ASSIGNMENT)
.
Annotated bibliography due in 36 hours. MLA format Must incl.docx
Annotated bibliography due in 36 hours.
MLA format
Must include 8 sources
Annotations should be between 4 to 7 sentences.
PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE review ALL attachments because they are very important and are beneficial for the next part (research paper).
The book is Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe.
I also included an attachment for the research paper so you can know what to focus on for the annotated bib.
.
Analyzing a Short Story- The Necklace by Guy de MaupassantIntro.docx
Analyzing a Short Story- The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant
Intro
- 5 to 8 line and thesis = what you think is the major theme of the story at end of the intro just a one sentence.
Plot
- What is the plot? (2-3 lines summary)
Understandable or too complex?
Tension/conflict?
Too fast/slow? Appropriate?
Characters
- Indentify major character(s)
Descriptions of major characters; must have at least one physical description and one personality description for each major character
Stereotypes and break in stereotypes of major characters
Setting
- Geographical (city/state/country)
Time period (year/time of year/day/time of day)Specific (house/village, etc)
Cultural (any prevailing social/ political /religious conditions that affect/ influence the story )
Narrator
- Is it internal (one of the characters in the story)Or is it external (someone outside the story)Which do you prefer and why?
Images/Symbols- Images or symbols used (must have at least one human and one non-human) Must explain what each one symbolizes.
Theme/Message-
What is the main message of the story? Explain how you arrived at your answer.
Conclusion (1 Para, exactly 10 lines)
Length: 4 pages
(not counting Works Cited)
Length starts with first word of intro para (NOT top of first page)
Make sure on each full page you have 23 lines total; otherwise, you will have to make up those lines on the last page to meet the minimum length requirement.
must be original writing and no plagiarism and cannot use any other website then the short story that is provided.
sample of essay example provided below.
.
Andy Sylvan was the assistant director of the community developm.docx
Andy Sylvan was the assistant director of the community development department of the city of Greenwood. Greenwood was an outer suburb of the capital city, and while most of its citizens were affluent, it did have a pocket of residential poverty near a riverbank across from an urban industrial complex. Sylvan was active in writing grant proposals for both federal and state funding of a redevelopment project. One of his state grant applications was successful, and the state government awarded a block grant of $3 million for renovation of the area. The renovation money would permit the community development department to purchase land and build a park near the area’s elementary school, to pave several streets, and to improve the storm drainage system. Money would also be available to bring plumbing systems in several homes up to code standards. Sylvan’s boss, Rose Almindinger, was a political appointee who was well connected to leaders of the local Republican Party.
While she had had administrative experience with a construction firm, she had never been in charge of financial affairs in any sense beyond balancing her personal checkbook. One has to seriously question if she did that very well. What she seemed not to understand was that the moneys that came from state grants were not to be mixed with her private bank accounts. Almindinger was sort of like George Washington Plunkitt
1
in that she believed in honest graft, that is, when she saw her opportunity, she took it. The grant and its block structure sure looked like an opportunity. After all, just what is community development? Almindinger saw a chance to arrange bids for street construction so that her former company could win the business at a higher price than others would charge. A glaring loophole in the grant system seemed to suggest that she could award contracts without going through the city’s purchasing and bidding systems. She also found leeway to attend a conference on park development in Hawaii on the state’s dollar. A friend of hers ran a travel agency and she was more than anxious to help Rose. In fact, she told Almindinger that she could bill her for travel expenses for both her and her husband in a way that it would appear that all airline costs were for one person. The two enjoyed 7 days on Maui, all expenses paid by the city, while Mrs. Rose Almindinger made brief appearances at the 2-day conference. Almindinger also hired four political friends for temporary jobs on grant projects, paying them $40 an hour. No one managed the four, and only Almindinger received reports of their work. Their employment cost the grant $30,000 in just 2 months.
While there was evidence of some improvements being made in the grant project neighborhood, rumors of waste, fraud, and abuse started to circulate. One of Almindinger’s appointees had a penchant to be verbally abusive to certain assistants in the department office, and the assistants had contacted the city personnel director. Sylvan.
Annotated Bibliography Althaus, F. U.S. Maternal Morta.docx
Annotated Bibliography
Althaus, F. “U.S. Maternal Mortality Has Continued Its Decline, but Risk Remains Higher
among Minority Women.” Family Planning Perspective, vol. 23, no. 3, May 1991, pp.
140–141. EBSCOhost, doi: 10.2307/2135829.
According to the article by F. Althaus, the development in the American health system
has continuously transformed the health sector and the delivery environment among expectant
mothers. When compared to the previous era, expectant White-American mothers are delivering
safely, specifically those who live in states where the quality of health infrastructure and services
are high. Unfortunately, though, the population of people of color’s maternal mortality rate is
increasingly reporting the highest in minority communities due to the low quality of health
infrastructure and services in their living environments. Althaus presents that both maternal and
child mortality rates among Black mothers are three times that of Whites. This author stretches
the discussion to address the long history of birth oppression among Black mothers and the
strategies that have been applied to suppress these oppressions. The author outlines that the
Black, marginalized, population contributes significantly to the American ecosystem. Therefore,
providing quality service, especially for the expectant mothers of color, should be something the
federal government sees as a must do instead of coming up with illegal family planning
approaches with a hidden agendas. It is imperative that equity prevails for all races during
maternity and childbirth.
El Sayed, Abdulrahman M., et al.: Social Environment, Genetics, and Black-White
Disparities in Infant Mortality."Paediatric & Perinatal Epidemiology, Vol.29. no.6.
November.2015.pp.546-551.EBSCOhost.doi:10.1111/ppe.12227
The above article presents information on genetics and one’s surroundings as the factors
that interplay and produce the wellness of the population within a given place. The article
discusses parental race differences and vulnerabilities of infant mortality rates through studying
how genes and a person’s environment could shape these perinatal vulnerabilities. El Sayed
found that the dynamic of child deaths continue to increase among the black community with
said improvement in the health sector impacting only the white population. Instead of genetics
being the main impact on child deaths, it is shown that race-driven prejudice and structural
socio-economic opportunities of social surroundings is a great explanation of why there are
racial differences in infant mortality rates. Despite these factors being proven to be contributing
to the number of deaths among infants, the government does little to address the associated risk
factors. The author recommends that the federal government could mitigate the social factors and
introduce more diverse healthcare providers to promote wellness among Black-American
expectant mothers.
.
Ann, a community nurse, made an afternoon home visit with Susan and .docx
Ann, a community nurse, made an afternoon home visit with Susan and her father. After the death of her mother, Susan had growing concerns about her father living alone. "I worry about my father all the time. He is becoming more forgetful and he has trouble seeing. Mom used to take care of him. I am not sleeping and I am irritable around him. Yesterday I shouted at him because he wouldn't let me help him with his laundry. I felt terrible! I am at my wits' end! My brothers and sisters do not want to put dad in a nursing home but they are not willing to help out. As usual, they have left me with all the responsibility. I work part time and have two small children to care for.” Susan's father, Sam, sat quietly with tears filling his eyes. He was well nourished and well-groomed but would not make eye contact. Nurse Ann noticed that the house was clean and orderly. A tray in front of the TV had the remains of a ham sandwich and glass of ice tea. Mail was piled up, unopened on a small table near the front door. There was only one car in the driveway and the yard was in need of attention.
.
Andrea Walters Week 2 Main Post The key functional area of n.docx
Andrea Walters' Week 2 Main Post: The key functional area of nursing informatics relevant to me is education and consultant. Education is relevant as newly hired nurses need education to be competent with the electronic health records (EHR) used in the specialty. I precept nurses new to oncology and educate them on how informatics is used in oncology, how data is placed into the EHRs and how then used by informaticists. Consultant is relevant when there has been an issue, I have been used as a consultant and a liaison between nursing science and computer science. I have given my knowledge to the EHR developers on how they may better serve other oncology practices. Although I have been used as a consultant, oncology is constantly changing. Technology informatics guiding education reform (TIGER) has core competencies for specific areas. One core competency area under direct patient care is enhance information and knowledge management (Hubner et al., 2018). This competency will aid me to become more proficient in oncology and using a database by engaging in researching upcoming and new evidence-based practice. This competency is necessary to help identify problems and become part of the solution instead of waiting on the organization to develop solutions. The plan for developing this competency is to subscribe to an oncology journal, such as The Oncology Nurse to further my education outside of work, and research evidence-based practice through the organization’s research database, CINHAL. I will set aside 30 minutes twice weekly to research and read to develop this competency. Developing this competency will help refine and improve my skills and move from being a good to an expert nurse consultant and educator. Continuing education concentrating on informatics is necessary for all nurses in order to productively participate with content and dialogue that correlates to the informatics realm as nursing informatics is a rapidly changing field (Yen, Kennedy, Phillips & Collin, 2017). References Hubner, U., Shaw, T., Thye, J., Egbert, N., Marin, H., Chang, P., ... Ball, M. (2018). Technology informatics guiding education -TIGER. Methods of Information in Medicine, 57(S 01), e30-342. doi: 10.3414/ME17-01-0155 Yen, P., Kennedy, M., Phillips, A., & Collins, S. (2017). Nursing informatics competency assessment for the nurse leader. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 47(5), 271-277. doi: 10.1097/NNA.0000000000000478
.
and emergency CPR all changed ways of thinking about risk of death.docx
and emergency CPR all changed ways of thinking about risk of death, so too did the idea of organs moving among family members, friends, or even strangers open up social and familial obligations to being expressed via emerging medical-technical means.” (p. 166)
Using this quote as a point of entry, write about 2-3 pages (double-spaced) about how the practice of medicine in the US has “opened up” new ways of living in a world imbued with social, cultural and political meanings and values. You can use any examples and materials you want (either covered in class or not). Make sure you quote your sources.
Choose a picture that best illustrates for you the social and/or cultural and/or political significance of the Covid-19 public health crisis. It can be a picture taken by you or found somewhere else (mention the sources either way). Write a mini-essay of about 200 words, explaining why that particular image captures, in your opinion, something important about the pandemic. Give a title to your mini-essay. Be as creative as you would like. Upload the picture and the text in one document.
BOTH prompts are mandatory. Upload them on BlueLine by November 24 at 5 pm.
.
analyze, and discuss emerging ICT tools and technologies present.docx
analyze, and discuss emerging ICT tools and technologies presenting the potential to enhance policy making. Visualization tool are discussed in
Visualization tools help users better understand data and provide a more meaningful view in context, especially by presenting data in a graphical form.
Produce a definition of data visualization. Explain how it caters to the perceptual abilities of humans.
Describe three challenges data visualization researchers face when trying to use visualization tools to reinforce the policy-making process. Suggest solutions to conquer these three challenges.
Initial Post:
Create a new thread. As indicated above, (1) Produce a definition of data visualization. Explain how it caters to the perceptual abilities of humans. (2) Describe three challenges data visualization researchers face when trying to use visualization tools to reinforce the policy-making process. Suggest solutions to conquer these three challenges.
In order to receive full credit for the initial discussion post, you must include at least two citations (APA) from academic resources
.
Analyzing a Research ArticleNote Please complete this dis.docx
Analyzing a Research Article
Note
: Please complete this discussion before completing the assignment in this unit.
For this discussion, select one of the peer-reviewed
In your initial post:
Cite the article and provide your own analysis of it. Use the general outline for analyzing a research article from the Analyze Results page (link given in the resources).
State why this specific article is important to your course project.
Post according to the Faculty Expectations Response Guidelines. Be sure to include at least one APA-formatted citation (in-text plus full reference). The citation should be from materials you have read during this unit. It may be from course textbooks, assigned readings, or an outside source.
Overprescribing antiobics
References
Brink, A. J., Messina, A. P., Feldman, C., Richards, G. A., Becker, P. J., Goff, D. A., ... & Alliance, N. A. S. S. (2016). Antimicrobial stewardship across 47 South African hospitals: an implementation study.
The Lancet Infectious Diseases
,
16
(9), 1017-1025.
Dobson, E. L., Klepser, M. E., Pogue, J. M., Labreche, M. J., Adams, A. J., Gauthier, T. P., ... & Task, S. C. P. A. S. (2017). Outpatient antibiotic stewardship: Interventions and opportunities.
Journal of the American Pharmacists Association
,
57
(4), 464-473.
.
Analyze the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. What p.docx
Analyze the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. What progress did the movement make in the U.S. Supreme Court? How did southern segregationists react to the Court’s decisions? Who was Emmett Till, and what happened to him? Explain the Montgomery Bus Boycott and its impact. What style of protest did Martin Luther King, Jr. (MLK) and civil rights activists practice? How did college students become engaged in the movement? Who were the Freedom Riders? How did Civil Rights activists advocate for voting rights and address social and economic inequities in the United States? What is the legacy of the Civil Rights Movement?
.
Analytical Research Project InstructionsINFA 630 – Intrusion.docx
Analytical Research Project Instructions
INFA 630 – Intrusion Detection and Intrusion Prevention
Summary
This is a paper describing the results of an analytical research project, worth 25% of your total grade. Your paper should be 10-12 pages, double-spaced, exclusive of cover, title page, table of contents, endnotes and bibliography. Your paper must use APA formatting with the exception that tables and figures can be inserted at the appropriate location rather than added at the end. Following UMUC policy, all students must upload their papers to Turnitin.com (following instructions provided by your instructor), produce and review an originality report, and submit the final version of the paper to your Assignment Folder prior to the submission deadline.
Paper Topic Selection
Prior to writing your paper, you must submit a short, ungraded, topic proposal. You should submit your intended research paper topic by the end of Session 3. The purpose of this preliminary milestone is to provide your instructor the opportunity to confirm the appropriateness of your proposed topic, sufficiently early in the course to allow for topic revision if necessary. It will be helpful if you include, with your proposed paper topic, the sort of research you intend to do and any specific sources you may have already found or plan to use in researching your topic. Your instructor will provide feedback on the suitability of the proposed topic by the start of Session 5. Students who do not provide a proposed topic will be preparing their research papers "at risk;"
i.e.
, they will run the risk of delivering a paper reflecting research that is not suitable for this course.
Analytical Research Project
The purpose of the Research Project is to develop an in-depth understanding of the intrusion detection and/or prevention technology and the way in which such technology is used to protect specific computing environments against specific threats. To arrive at this understanding, your project may choose to follow either one of two analytical approaches:
1. Analysis of a tool or technique including functional applicability and limitations
2. Analysis of environmental security requirements and technologies to meet those requirements
Tool-centric Research
: Projects of the first type will focus on a specific tool, technique, or method used in intrusion detection or intrusion prevention. Choosing a topic for this type of project will mean selecting the tool you want to research and analyze and developing a research question or thesis statement that your research is intended to answer. The analysis for a tool-centric research project should emphasize the use and application of the tool, technique, or method rather than a simple explanation of its features. If you choose a product or tool with a broad set of capabilities, you may choose to provide an analysis of one or more aspects of the tool. The paper distills fundamental issues, focuses on one available solution, a.
Analyze the performance of the leadership of an organization (Netfli.docx
Analyze the performance of the leadership of an organization (Netflix). The focus of this paper (4-6 pages) will be on the actions taken by the corporate leadership in the face of the global financial crisis since 2007. For the purpose of assurance of learning, one score will be given, based on the articulation of the situation, interaction style, goal-setting process, and leadership behaviour. Figure out exactly what was the reaction to the difficult business environment. Just pick a few things (or even only one and go in detail).
.
Analyze the subjective portion of the note. List additiona.docx
Analyze the subjective portion of the note. List additional information that should be included in the documentation.
Analyze the objective portion of the note. List additional information that should be included in the documentation.
Is the assessment supported by the subjective and objective information? Why or why not?
What diagnostic tests would be appropriate for this case, and how would the results be used to make a diagnosis?
Would you reject/accept the current diagnosis? Why or why not? Identify three possible conditions that may be considered as a differential diagnosis for this patient. Explain your reasoning using at least three different references from current evidence-based literature.
ABDOMINAL ASSESSMENT NOTE
Subjective:
• CC: “My stomach hurts, I have diarrhea and nothing seems to help.”
• HPI: JR, 47 yo WM, complains of having generalized abdominal pain that started 3 days ago. He has not taken any medications because he did not know what to take. He states the pain is a 5/10 today but has been as much as 9/10 when it first started. He has been able to eat, with some nausea afterwards.
• PMH: HTN, Diabetes, hx of GI bleed 4 years ago
• Medications: Lisinopril 10mg, Amlodipine 5 mg, Metformin 1000mg, Lantus 10 units qhs
• Allergies: NKDA
• FH: No hx of colon cancer, Father hx DMT2, HTN, Mother hx HTN, Hyperlipidemia, GERD
• Social: Denies tobacco use; occasional etoh, married, 3 children (1 girl, 2 boys)
Objective:
• VS: Temp 99.8; BP 160/86; RR 16; P 92; HT 5’10”; WT 248lbs
• Heart: RRR, no murmurs
• Lungs: CTA, chest wall symmetrical
• Skin: Intact without lesions, no urticaria
• Abd: soft, hyperactive bowel sounds, pos pain in the LLQ
• Diagnostics: None
Assessment:
• Left lower quadrant pain
• Gastroenteritis
.
Analyze the measures your state and local community have in pl.docx
Analyze the measures your state and local community have in place to prepare hospitals for two (2) different types of threats to public health. Question whether the design of these measures allows for the sufficient protection of the population in the face of an imminent threat. Justify your response.
Examine two to three (2-3) changes to the preparedness policies of your chosen state and federal government agencies. Determine the significant social, political, or environmental factors that have influenced these changes. Provide support for your rationale.
.
Analyze two (2) advantages and two (2) disadvantages of creati.docx
Analyze two (2) advantages and two (2) disadvantages of creating portable learning assets for an LMS.
Research alternatives to Shareable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM). Determine at least one (1) alternative to SCORM and recommend a way for an organization of your choice to package its assets to make them portable. Explain your rationale.
.
More from jack60216 (20)
Anorexia1-Definition2-Epidemiology in united states2.docx
Anorexia1-Definition2-Epidemiology in united states2.docx
Annotated BibliographyIn preparation of next weeks final as.docx
Annotated BibliographyIn preparation of next weeks final as.docx
Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer,Part I .docx
Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer,Part I .docx
Annotated BibliographyDue 1212019 @ 12pm Eastern Time (Unite.docx
Annotated BibliographyDue 1212019 @ 12pm Eastern Time (Unite.docx
Annotated BibliographyFor this assignment, you will create an .docx
Annotated BibliographyFor this assignment, you will create an .docx
Annotated bibliography due in 36 hours. MLA format Must incl.docx
Annotated bibliography due in 36 hours. MLA format Must incl.docx
Analyzing a Short Story- The Necklace by Guy de MaupassantIntro.docx
Analyzing a Short Story- The Necklace by Guy de MaupassantIntro.docx
Andy Sylvan was the assistant director of the community developm.docx
Andy Sylvan was the assistant director of the community developm.docx
Annotated Bibliography Althaus, F. U.S. Maternal Morta.docx
Annotated Bibliography Althaus, F. U.S. Maternal Morta.docx
Ann, a community nurse, made an afternoon home visit with Susan and .docx
Ann, a community nurse, made an afternoon home visit with Susan and .docx
Andrea Walters Week 2 Main Post The key functional area of n.docx
Andrea Walters Week 2 Main Post The key functional area of n.docx
and emergency CPR all changed ways of thinking about risk of death.docx
and emergency CPR all changed ways of thinking about risk of death.docx
analyze, and discuss emerging ICT tools and technologies present.docx
analyze, and discuss emerging ICT tools and technologies present.docx
Analyzing a Research ArticleNote Please complete this dis.docx
Analyzing a Research ArticleNote Please complete this dis.docx
Analyze the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. What p.docx
Analyze the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. What p.docx
Analytical Research Project InstructionsINFA 630 – Intrusion.docx
Analytical Research Project InstructionsINFA 630 – Intrusion.docx
Analyze the performance of the leadership of an organization (Netfli.docx
Analyze the performance of the leadership of an organization (Netfli.docx
Analyze the subjective portion of the note. List additiona.docx
Analyze the subjective portion of the note. List additiona.docx
Analyze the measures your state and local community have in pl.docx
Analyze the measures your state and local community have in pl.docx
Analyze two (2) advantages and two (2) disadvantages of creati.docx
Analyze two (2) advantages and two (2) disadvantages of creati.docx
Recently uploaded
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI funded books
Wednesday 22 May 2024, 14:00-15:00.
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is prepared for master's students (MIFB & MIBS) UUM. May it be useful to all.Operation Blue Star - Saka Neela Tara
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic Imperative
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/hqnndn05v4q5a4k4jd597rkdbda0fniiThe approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI funded books
Wednesday 22 May 2024, 14:00-15:00.
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Event Link:-
https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-exploring-gemini-ai-and-integration-with-mulesoft/
Agenda
● Java 17 Upgrade Overview
● Why and by when do customers need to upgrade to Java 17?
● Is there any immediate impact to upgrading to Mule Runtime 4.6 and beyond?
● Which MuleSoft products are in scope?
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/
YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Shyam Raj Prasad-
https://www.linkedin.com/in/shyam-raj-prasad/
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI funded books
Wednesday 22 May 2024, 14:00-15:00.
Chapter -12, Antibiotics (One Page Notes).pdf
This is a notes for the D.Pharm students and related to the antibiotic drugs.
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
This ppt include the description of the edible vaccine i.e. a new concept over the traditional vaccine administered by injection.
Recently uploaded (20)
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Group Presentation 2 Economics.Ariana Buscigliopptx
Group Presentation 2 Economics.Ariana Buscigliopptx
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Alton Terry Respond with 150 words and 2 references with.docx
- 1. * Alton Terry * Respond with 150 words and 2 references with 1 being the textbook and a biblical reference Cullen, F. T., & Jonson, C. L. (2017). Correctional theory: Context and consequences (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. ISBN: 9781506306520. According to Athula Pathinayake (2018), courts use incarceration to accomplish several objectives, including community protection, retribution, and specific and general deterrence. This primary purpose of incarceration is to ensure that offenders are not able to make future offenses in the community so that the community is spared form continuous criminal activity. According to the text, incapacitation is the use of a criminal sanction to physically prevent or make impossible the omission of a crime by an offender (Cullen & Jonson, 2017). Cullen and Jonson (2017) added that the United States incarcerates more than 2.2 million offenders. Cullen and Jonson came up with three observations about the use of imprisonment in America. First, other countries do not use prisons as much as the United States. Blumstein et al. (2005) added that the United States was the most punitive country for nearly all types of crime, primarily when punitiveness is defined narrowly as expected time served per conviction. Torny (2007) also added that the rise in the United States’ prison population over the past 40 years has been remarkable. The United States is not the only nation to have an increase in incarceration rates. However, they are known for their length in
- 2. the enormity of their prison expansion. Second, the incarceration rate in the United States is high because it is meant to be that way. This is due to inputs made by politicians to be tougher on crime. This input resulted in higher prison populations. Third, because the size of the prison population is a choice, Americans can decide to use incarceration more judiciously. The incapacitation effect is the amount of crime saved as a result of an offender being physically unable to commit a crime (Cullen & Jonson, 2017). Athula Pathinayake (2018) pointed out two explanations for America’s high incarceration rate. The first explanation is that crime rates are higher and faster rising than in other countries. The second explanation is that public opinion shows that crime and drugs come first as America’s pressing problem. The impact of having a high incarceration rate is a huge one but not so much in the right way. While offenders are serving time for their offenses, new offenders are committing new crimes, which would cause them to be incarcerated also. This has led to the overcrowding problem in many of America’s prisons. Placing offenders in an environment that is overcrowded with fewer tools for rehabilitation will only create an environment filled with drugs and violence. Isaiah 24:22 says, “They will be herded together like prisoners bound in a dungeon; they will be shut up in prison and be punished after many days” (New International Version). This message pictures the overcrowding of offenders due to the “get tough on crime” initiative. Prisons should only be used for severe offenders (murder, sex crimes), not for petty crimes that can make room for rehabilitation. References Blumstein, A., Tonry, M., & Van Ness, A. (2005). Cross- National Measures of Punitiveness. Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, 33 , 347-377.
- 3. Cullen, F. T., & Jonson, C. L. (2017). Correctional Theory: Context and Consequences (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications Inc. Pathinayake, A. (2018). The Effectiveness of the Objective of Incapacitation: Is It a Myth? The Journal of Gender, Race & Justice, 21 , 344-366. Torny, M. (2007). Determinants of Penal Policies. Crime and Justice: Review of Research, 36 , 1-48.