Professors Isaac Kelson and Yona Keisari at Tel Aviv University developed a novel cancer therapy using alpha particles, which were previously considered ineffective for cancer treatment due to their very short range. Through experiments with over 6,000 animals, they showed alpha particle therapy could successfully treat tumors by taking advantage of the recoil effect of the radioactive emitters. This pre-clinical work led to the founding of Alpha Tau Medical to conduct human clinical trials, which have so far shown the therapy to be safe and highly effective against head and neck cancer without any side effects. The therapy works by inserting radioactive sources directly into tumors to destroy them from the inside out within days.

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ISRAELIS DOING THEIMPOSSIBLE: RESULTS:
SUCCESSFUL CANCER THERAPY
Its 1903: Mme. Marie Curie justwon her firstNobel Prizefor discovering
radioactive alpha particles, the helium nucleus, two protons and two neutrons.
We see her obsessed with using her alpha particles for effective cancer therapy---
with no success.
1903-2003: Scientists realizewhy alpha particles should work as effective cancer
therapy---they areemitted with great power fromradioactivemolecules such as
Radium 224 and havea billion-billion times the mass of electrons used in beta
radiation, used in prostate cancer beta radiation brachytherapy seeds and
infinitely heavier than photons, X-ray gamma radiation, emitted in conventional
linear accelerator. The scientists also saw why alpha particles could not be
effective cancer therapy; the alpha particles only traveled a micron or two, (1-2
millionths of a centimeter) fromtheir emitters, not enough to causeeffective
damage to cancerous tumors. Scientists gave up on alpha particles for cancer. It
was considered impossible.
Its 2003: Two eminent scientists at Tel Aviv University, ProfessorIsaac Kelson, a
basic physicistand Professor Yona Keisari, a biologist in the medical schooltook
on the impossibility of alpha particles and made them work successfully as cancer
therapies, first in animals then in humans. They did the impossible.
How Did They Do the Impossible? ProfessorsKelson and Keisarirealized that,
although the alpha particles could only travel a micron or two as a fact of nature,
the emitters, such as radium 224, moved backward by recoil millimeters, about
10,000 times as far, enough to do heavy damage to tumors. What is recoil?
Imagineshooting a small bullet (the equivalent of the alpha particles) froma big
rifle (the equivalent of the alpha emitters), the rifle will powerfully move
backwards and hit your shoulder hard. Their theory worked in practice. They did
what every cancer scientist, every medical physicist, of their generation would say
is impossible. They did the impossible.
2003-2015: TheResults in Animals: At Tel Aviv University, Professors Kelson and
Keisari did pre-clinical trials in 6000 animals with many times of animal tumors

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and over 12 different types of human tumors such as breast, prostate and head &
neck. The tumors weretreated under every conceivable condition, with and
without chemotherapy, with and without immuno-therapy. Someanimals had
only primary tumors; someweremetastasized, with cancer spread to distant
organs. In every case, the primary tumors weredissolved in days with no side
effects in the animals. In the metastasized animals, many experienced the positive
abscopaleffect, when the primary tumor (which keeps down the immune system)
was destroyed, the immune systemself-invigorated and destroyed the
metastases, and the cure was complete. Again, they did the impossible, being
successfulin every solid tumor.
How Was the Treatment Done?: The doctors inserted into the tumors a grid of
wires with 36 seeds, one every six millimeters, containing radioactiveradium 224,
a strong alpha particle emitter.
2015-2016: TheAmazing Deep Insight and its Aftermath: By 2015, the animal
trials werelargely done so it was time for human clinical trials. However, the great
work that had been done by the predecessor of ATM, Althera, under the CEO,
Leonard Gordon, had run out of money and steam. Howard Sterling was brought
in as advisor. Howard had a long-term friend, Uzi Sofer, who had justleft a long
term position as founder and CEO of Brainsway in Jerusalem, a pioneering leader
in trans-cranialmagnetic stimulation (TMS) which had received FDA approvalfor
treating depression. Uzihad at Brainsway doneover 100 human clinical trials and
set up a major sales force in the United States. Howard explained the alpha
particle technology to Uzi. Uzi then had a deep, amazing and moving insight. Uzi
explained that when he went to Brainsway every medical physicistknew that TMS
could only penetrate 1.5 centimeters in the brain no matter how powerfulthe
magnet, but his medical physicists showed how they could do the impossible,
magnetically penetrate 5-7 centimeters in the brain. Uzi said that Howard was
telling him that every medical physicistwould be surethat an alpha particle
would only travel 1-2 microns from its emitters and ProfessorsKelson and Keisari
could do the impossible, make an alpha particle effectively travel millimeters.
Howard affirmed that proposition. Uzi said he was in as CEO and fully committed.
Since then working tirelessly 24/6 Uzi has financed the company and broughton

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board a great complement of management. His initial object was to begin human
clinical trials.
2017: The Results in Patients: In 2017, Alpha Tau Medical (ATM), an Israel
corporation under the leadership of Uzi Sofer as CEO, began very cautious Phase
1, safety-as-the-goal, clinical trials in patients at the Rabin Medical Center in
Israel. Thefirst three patients, done one at a time to make sureof safety, had
intractable squamous cellcarcinoma (SCC), head and neck cancer. Intractable
means neither conventional radiation nor chemotherapy could stop the growth of
the tumors which grew back quickly after surgery. SCCwas chosen as a model
systembecauseit is easy accessible. The therapy was entirely easy and safe. It
was done under local anesthesia. The patients wereawake. There were no side
effects and an immaterial, non-dangerous, amountof radiation escaped fromthe
tumor. The impossibleunique goal of safety, no side effects in a cancer therapy,
was reached. Unexpectedly, the doctors could see tumor shrinkageby 15 hours
after treatment, the tumors werecompletely gone in less than 10 days and the
surrounding tissuereturned to normal, no scars or inflammation.
Summary Achievements: ATM’s alpha particle therapy achieved a multitude of
impossibles. For the firsttime in cancer therapy, ATM attained a combination of:
Tumors dissolving in days;
· No side effects (there cannot be, sincethe alpha particles remain primarily
encapsulated in the tumor);
· Because of the rapid necrosis, therewas strong infiltration of a large number
of immune cells in the tumor beforeit was dissolved.
· No capital cost
· Very low costof goods;
· Easy to administer;
· Works with one administration;

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· Regulates as device so expect CE mark, enabling marketing in Europe and
other countries that regulate devices by the CE mark, by end of year.
The Future: The next set of clinical trials are meant to assess efficacy and safety.
These trials are to be carried out in Israeland 12 renowned institutions in Europe
and 12 institutions in the United States, led by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center. The cancers to be trialed include SCC, recurrent prostatecancer,
inoperable breastcancer, colorectal cancer, recurrentgynecological cancer,
pancreatic cancer and recurrentcervical cancer. As compared to the usual
therapies, ATM’s alpha particles rely on physicsnot physiology. Thus wecan
hope/trustthat ATMs therapy will be efficacious in all solid tumors with a bonus
of no side effects, as they have been since2003.