Text in Fernández-Pello, Fresneda, Hurtado, De Miguel, R. Montesinos, Sandoval (Eds.), “Montañaislaglaciar. Correspondence from Eyjafjallajökull”. Broken Dimanche Press, Berlin 2011.
With Contribributions from: Pavla Ascher, Santiago Eraso, Juan Freire, Emanuele Guidi, John Holten, Nicolas Malevé, Markus Miessen, Laurence Rassel, Alan Pauls, Maria Ptqk, Urzsula Wozniak.
Text in Fernández-Pello, Fresneda, Hurtado, De Miguel, R. Montesinos, Sandoval (Eds.), “Montañaislaglaciar. Correspondence from Eyjafjallajökull”. Broken Dimanche Press, Berlin 2011.
With Contribributions from: Pavla Ascher, Santiago Eraso, Juan Freire, Emanuele Guidi, John Holten, Nicolas Malevé, Markus Miessen, Laurence Rassel, Alan Pauls, Maria Ptqk, Urzsula Wozniak.
QA.pngfirst QAs reading.pdfT A L A L A S A D J O H N.docxamrit47
QA.png
first QAs reading.pdf
T A L A L A S A D / J O H N S H O P K I N S U N I V E R S I T Y
J A M E S W . F E R N A N D E Z / U N I V E R S I T Y OF C H I C A G O
M I C H A E L H E R Z F E L D / H A R V A R D U N I V E R S I T Y
A N D R E W L A S S / M O U N T H O L Y O K E C O L L E G E
S U S A N C A R O L R O G E R S / N E W Y O R K U N I V E R S I T Y
J A N E S C H N E I D E R / G R A D U A T E C E N T E R , C U N Y
K A T H E R I N E V E R D E R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y OF M I C H I G A N
Provocations of European Ethnology
AT A SPECIAL WORKSHOP held in the fall of 1994, we
gathered to discuss the rapid growth of interest in Euro-
pean ethnography and ethnology, especially since the
foundation of the Society for the Anthropology of
Europe in 1986, and its implications for the larger devel-
opment of anthropological theory.1 After the delibera-
tions, each of us developed the position paper originally
formulated for that initial encounter. The texts that fol-
low are the result. They claim neither thematic nor theo-
retical unity, but they do suggest that the refocusing of
anthropological interest on one of the discipline's cul-
tural contexts of emergence, coupled with the geopoliti-
cal shifts of the past decade, may have contributed to a
reconsideration of the role of social and cultural anthro-
pology in the formulation of a social theory. In one
sense the "anthropologizing" of Europe was a necessary
methodological counterpart to the dethronement of
Europe as the fount of all wisdom. But what, for those
who still (or for the first time) claim it as their identity
and home, is Europe? We offer these brief ruminations
TALAL ASAD is a professor in the Department of Anthropology, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218.
JAMES W. FERNANDEZ is a professor in the Department of Anthropology,
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.
MICHAEL HERZFELD is a professor in the Department of Anthropology,
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
ANDREW LASS is an associate professor in the Department of Sociology
and Anthropology, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075.
SUSAN CAROL ROGERS is an associate professor in the Department of
Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY 10003.
JANE SCHNEIDER is a professor in the Ph.D. Program in Anthropology,
Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY 10036.
KATHERINE VERDERY is a professor in the Department of Anthropology,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml 48109.
as, we hope, a productive provocation to our colleagues
working in a world that has rarely been able to adopt a
stand of indifference toward the idea of Europe and to-
ward all that this idea has entailed
Theorizing Europe: Persuasive Paradoxes
Michael Herzfeld
In these comments we examine the question of
"Europe," both its presence in anthropology as an ob-
ject of study and its relatively slow appearance in the
canon of major ethnographic sites, in order to ask what
the recent "turn to Europe" portends for anthropology.
Unti ...
"The Idea of Europe, an open dialogue"Montecarlo -
"The Idea of Europe, an open dialogue" is a transmedia non-fiction project composed of a book, a theatre play, a feature-length documentary, a TV documentary, a webseries, a collaborative webdoc and various SM.
This is the English version. If you want the Spanish one, you can go to http://www.slideshare.net/Imastranger/la-idea-de-europa-34375927
Text in Fernández-Pello, Fresneda, Hurtado, De Miguel, R. Montesinos, Sandoval (Eds.), “Montañaislaglaciar. Correspondence from Eyjafjallajökull”. Broken Dimanche Press, Berlin 2011.
With Contribributions from: Pavla Ascher, Santiago Eraso, Juan Freire, Emanuele Guidi, John Holten, Nicolas Malevé, Markus Miessen, Laurence Rassel, Alan Pauls, Maria Ptqk, Urzsula Wozniak.
QA.pngfirst QAs reading.pdfT A L A L A S A D J O H N.docxamrit47
QA.png
first QAs reading.pdf
T A L A L A S A D / J O H N S H O P K I N S U N I V E R S I T Y
J A M E S W . F E R N A N D E Z / U N I V E R S I T Y OF C H I C A G O
M I C H A E L H E R Z F E L D / H A R V A R D U N I V E R S I T Y
A N D R E W L A S S / M O U N T H O L Y O K E C O L L E G E
S U S A N C A R O L R O G E R S / N E W Y O R K U N I V E R S I T Y
J A N E S C H N E I D E R / G R A D U A T E C E N T E R , C U N Y
K A T H E R I N E V E R D E R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y OF M I C H I G A N
Provocations of European Ethnology
AT A SPECIAL WORKSHOP held in the fall of 1994, we
gathered to discuss the rapid growth of interest in Euro-
pean ethnography and ethnology, especially since the
foundation of the Society for the Anthropology of
Europe in 1986, and its implications for the larger devel-
opment of anthropological theory.1 After the delibera-
tions, each of us developed the position paper originally
formulated for that initial encounter. The texts that fol-
low are the result. They claim neither thematic nor theo-
retical unity, but they do suggest that the refocusing of
anthropological interest on one of the discipline's cul-
tural contexts of emergence, coupled with the geopoliti-
cal shifts of the past decade, may have contributed to a
reconsideration of the role of social and cultural anthro-
pology in the formulation of a social theory. In one
sense the "anthropologizing" of Europe was a necessary
methodological counterpart to the dethronement of
Europe as the fount of all wisdom. But what, for those
who still (or for the first time) claim it as their identity
and home, is Europe? We offer these brief ruminations
TALAL ASAD is a professor in the Department of Anthropology, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218.
JAMES W. FERNANDEZ is a professor in the Department of Anthropology,
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.
MICHAEL HERZFELD is a professor in the Department of Anthropology,
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
ANDREW LASS is an associate professor in the Department of Sociology
and Anthropology, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075.
SUSAN CAROL ROGERS is an associate professor in the Department of
Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY 10003.
JANE SCHNEIDER is a professor in the Ph.D. Program in Anthropology,
Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY 10036.
KATHERINE VERDERY is a professor in the Department of Anthropology,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml 48109.
as, we hope, a productive provocation to our colleagues
working in a world that has rarely been able to adopt a
stand of indifference toward the idea of Europe and to-
ward all that this idea has entailed
Theorizing Europe: Persuasive Paradoxes
Michael Herzfeld
In these comments we examine the question of
"Europe," both its presence in anthropology as an ob-
ject of study and its relatively slow appearance in the
canon of major ethnographic sites, in order to ask what
the recent "turn to Europe" portends for anthropology.
Unti ...
"The Idea of Europe, an open dialogue"Montecarlo -
"The Idea of Europe, an open dialogue" is a transmedia non-fiction project composed of a book, a theatre play, a feature-length documentary, a TV documentary, a webseries, a collaborative webdoc and various SM.
This is the English version. If you want the Spanish one, you can go to http://www.slideshare.net/Imastranger/la-idea-de-europa-34375927
Genocide In Rwanda Essay. Rwandan Genocide Free Essay Sample on Samploon.comCrystal Adams
≫ Rwandan Genocide Free Essay Sample on Samploon.com. Rwandan Genocide Essay - 1320 Words | Free Essay Example on GraduateWay. ≫ Three Lessons of the Rwandan Genocide Free Essay Sample on Samploon.com. Rwanda Genocide - International Baccalaureate History - Marked by .... The Rwandan genocide. - GCSE Politics - Marked by Teachers.com. ≫ The U.S. Response to the Rwandan Genocide Free Essay Sample on .... 9781476670720: The Rwandan Genocide on Film: Critical Essays and .... Rwandan Genocide by villajen000. The Rwandan Genocide | Teaching Resources. ≫ Should the United States Have Intervened in the Rwandan Genocide .... Rwandan Genocide by Leslie Silva. Rwandan Genocide - Who was Responsible? - A-Level History - Marked by .... Rwanda Genocide | Teaching Resources. Rwanda Genocide by Charles Guzman. Rwanda Marks 25 Years Since the Genocide. The Country Is Still .... The Unanswered Question: Attempting to Explain the Rwandan Genocide .... The Rwandan Genocide by Mariz Isabella Bolano. Rwanda Project by Michael Dupont. Rwanda vs Holocaust - GCSE History - Marked by Teachers.com. A Reporter Reflects On Rwanda: 'It's Like A Madness Took Over .... Case Study: Rwanda Genocide Essay Example | StudyHippo.com. History of The Rwandan Genocide - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. the rwandan genocide | Hutu | Rwanda. Rwandan Genocide Essay - 24/25 | Modern History - Year 11 HSC | Thinkswap. Essay about genocide in rwanda true. The History of the Genocide in the Rwandan - 1184 Words | Essay Example. A Summary Of The Rwandan Genocide Pdf - bbpiratebay. Free essay on genocide. Buy Essays Online from Successful Essay - literature review on the .... Josias semujanga origins of the rwandan genocide essay. Help writing my paper Rwanda and darfur genocides essay Genocide In Rwanda Essay
· Coronel & Morris Chapter 7, Problems 1, 2 and 3
· Coronel & Morris Chapter 8, Problems 1 and 2
A People’s History of Modern Europe
“A fascinating journey across centuries towards the world as we experience it today. ... It is
the voice of the ordinary people, and women in particular, their ideas and actions, protests
and sufferings that have gone into the making of this alternative narrative.”
——Sobhanlal Datta Gupta, former Surendra Nath Banerjee
Professor of Political Science, University of Calcutta
“A history of Europe that doesn’t remove the Europeans. Here there are not only kings,
presidents and institutions but the pulse of the people and social organizations that shaped
Europe. A must-read.”
——Raquel Varela, Universidade Nova de Lisboa
“Lively and engaging. William A Pelz takes the reader through a thousand years of
European history from below. This is the not the story of lords, kings and rulers. It is the
story of the ordinary people of Europe and their struggles against those lords, kings and
rulers, from the Middle Ages to the present day. A fine introduction.”
——Francis King, editor, Socialist History
“This book is an exception to the rule that the winner takes all. It highlights the importance
of the commoners which often is only shown in the dark corners of mainstream history
books. From Hussites, Levellers and sans-culottes to the women who defended the Paris
Commune and the workers who occupied the shipyards during the Carnation revolution in
Portugal. The author gives them their deserved place in history just like Howard Zinn did
for the American people.”
——Sjaak van der Velden, International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam
“The author puts his focus on the lives and historical impact of those excluded from
power and wealth: peasants and serfs of the Middle Ages, workers during the Industrial
Revolution, women in a patriarchic order that transcended different eras. This focus not
only makes history relevant for contemporary debates on social justice, it also urges the
reader to develop a critical approach.”
——Ralf Hoffrogge, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
“An exciting story of generations of people struggling for better living conditions, and for
social and political rights. ... This story has to be considered now, when the very notions of
enlightenment, progress and social change are being questioned.”
——Boris Kagarlitsky, director of Institute for globalization studies and social
movements, Moscow, and author of From Empires to Imperialism
“A splendid antidote to the many European histories dominated by kings, businessmen
and generals. It should be on the shelves of both academics and activists ... A lively and
informative intellectual tour-de-force.”
——Marcel van der Linden, International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam
A People’s History
of Modern Europe
William A. Pelz
First published 2016 by Pluto Press
345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA
www.pluto.
The Impact Of Postmodernism
The Pros And Cons Of Postmodernism
post modernism Essay examples
An Overview of Postmodernism Essay
Postmodern World, By Jean-François Lyotard
Essay on Modern and Post-Modernism Architecture
Postmodernism in Literature
Essay On Postmodernism
Postmodernism : A Consensus On Postmodernism
Postmodernism Essay
Postmodernism And Its Impact On Society
Modernism And Postmodernism
Differences Between Modern And Postmodernism
Postmodernism: The Movement in Life Essay
The Transition to Postmodernism Essay
Postmodernism Essay
Postmodernism : Modernism And Postmodernism
Postmodernism: Christian Worldview
Modernism vs Postmodernism Essay
The Anna Lindh Report 2014 : Intercultural Trends and Social Changes in the E...Jamaity
The Euro-Mediterranean region is experiencing the
most challenging and hazardous situation of the last two
decades. Twenty years ago, in the aftermath of the Oslo
Peace Accord, which was intended to solve the most
FRPSOH[FRQÀLFWRIWKHUHJLRQWKH(XURSHDQ8QLRQPRVW
of the Mediterranean Arab countries, Turkey and Israel
jointly launched the Barcelona Process. It was the most
ambitious multilateral project of cooperation the region
had ever known, ultimately aimed at creating a shared
space of peace, stability and prosperity.
None of the three goals have been attained. There have
of course been positive developments. Among them,
the most important is probably the awakening of the
civil society in the last years and its renewed capacity
to become a player for social change in the region.
Since 2010, we have observed converging demands
of freedom, dignity and social justice that constitute a
powerful and exciting reality. As a matter of fact, there
are new and stimulating reasons for hope, but there are
also perturbing causes for concern. On both shores of
the Mediterranean.
Imagining Futures, a Postcolonial Critique to Teleology.Marco Crosa
The lecture is meant to show how Teleological fallacy is quite widespread and embedded in our common language especially in a context of social referring to the Others. It is underlined how its conception drives the shaping of the inter-cultural relations and the policy making.
Its emerging is analysed in relation to the construction of the identity with a particular emphasis on "Modernity" as a western constructed self-consciousness. Hegel's philosophy is considered as a major reference.
Some efforts are finally dedicated to an alternative paradigm of Temporality based on the post-colonial deconstruction of the universal Historicism and toward a bottom up and constructed arrow of time by trajectories and fluctuations. Studies on complexity are taken in consideration.
Balkan history and anthropological studies serve as main examples
Autobiography Essay Example For College. 012 Best Photos Of Personal Autobiog...Brandy Rose
40 Autobiography Examples ( + Autobiographical Essay Templates). Best Tips on How to Write an Autobiography Essay - The Best Way to .... 013 Student Autobiography Template College Example Essential Likeness .... 12+ Sample Autobiography Of A College Student | DocTemplates. Pin by Ariel Canillo on image | Autobiography template, Essay format .... 005 Educational Autobiography Template College Sample Essayss 87431 .... Free Autobiography Essay Examples: Topics, Outline, Samples. Autobiography Essay Format. Autobiography Essay About Yourself Example – Telegraph.
Intellectual crisis of thought in contemporary era and how to overcome itFernando Alcoforado
The world faces in the contemporary era with several crises, economic, political, social and environmental. Every day that goes by, these crises deepen, whether in the national plans, whether on a planetary scale. But the biggest crisis facing humanity today is, without doubt, the intellectual crisis of thought that is the main obstacle to overcome other crises and the construction of a new society and a new world order centered on real economic progress, political, social and environmental. The intellectual crisis of thought of the contemporary era is that makes the world we live in works chaotically like a ship drifting towards disaster.
Unit 6Top of FormBottom of FormOverviewThe Birth of Europe .docxrajahchelsey
Unit 6
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Overview
The Birth of Europe: The Middle Ages and Italian Renaissance
In Unit 6, we will be focusing on the birth of a distinct European culture and its development during the Middle Ages and Italian Renaissance. After the fall of the Roman Empire and the invasion of Germanic tribes, the early Middle Ages witnessed the rise of a patchwork of dynasties in Britain, France, Italy, and Germany, with much of Spain under the control of an Islamic Empire. A unifying force within the diverse European kingdoms was the Catholic Church. In 800 CE, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, ruler of the Franks, as the Holy Roman Emperor, creating not only a new political entity, but reinforcing the ties between holy and secular authority in Western Europe.
During the High Middle Ages (1000 -1300 CE), local dynasties continued to form, with developing nation states in Britain and France, and smaller political entities in Italy and Germany. The economic system that prevailed during the Middle Ages was feudalism, which gave authority to lords, who in turn acted as patrons for vassal knights. The lords and knights provided protection for the peasants and farmers whose labors fueled the feudal system. During these centuries, the papacy became increasingly powerful, leading to the Crusades to retake the Holy Land from the Islamic Empire.
The Late Middle Ages (1300-1450) witnessed one of the great crises of world history: the Black Death (1346–53), a plague that swept through Europe, killing over thirty percent of the continent’s population. The Hundred Years War (1337 - 1453) between France and England further changed the political landscape of Europe. Peasant uprisings reshaped the feudal system as did the growth of towns and ultimately urban environments. The fifteenth century Renaissance symbolized Europe’s transition from the Middle Ages to the early modern world, beginning in the city-states of Italy. The Renaissance was a literal rebirth of classical learning, the rediscovery of Greek and Latin texts and ancient art. New philosophical movements, such as humanism, placed mankind, rather than the divine or supernatural, as the central focus of rational thought. The painting and sculpture of the Renaissance embodied these new beliefs as well as the revival of ancient art forms.
By the end of this unit, you will be able to:
1. Compare and contrast the political, economic, and social characteristics that define the Middle Ages.
2. Analyze the changing role and relationship between the church and various European states throughout the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance Era.
3. Describe how politics, culture, and art of the Italian Renaissance differed from that of the Middle Ages.
The image to the left is linked to an interactive map where you can see the approximate geographical location and learn more information about the civilizations discussed in this unit. If you are accessing this course from the Blackboard mobile application ...
The Open Society and Its Enemies- K. PopperJoão Soares
Written in political exile in New Zealand during the Second World War and published in two volumes in 1945, The Open Society and its Enemies was hailed by Bertrand Russell as a 'vigorous and profound defence of democracy'. This legendary attack on the philosophies of Plato, Hegel and Marx prophesied the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and exposed the fatal flaws of socially engineered political systems. It remains highly readable, erudite and lucid and as essential reading today as on publication in 1945. It is available here in a special centenary single-volume edition.
Publicación en el marco de la exposición "jpg imagen o naturaleza" de Diego Vites. Con la colaboración de Pablo de Soto. Participan La Piscina Editorial, Federico López Silvestre, María Ptqk, Pablo Jarauta y Horacio González. Dirección Ania González | Zona C, Santiago de Comopostela. Con textos de Ania González, Federico López Silvestre, María Ptqk, Pablo Jarauta, Pablo de Soto. Editado por La Piscina, 2015.
Genocide In Rwanda Essay. Rwandan Genocide Free Essay Sample on Samploon.comCrystal Adams
≫ Rwandan Genocide Free Essay Sample on Samploon.com. Rwandan Genocide Essay - 1320 Words | Free Essay Example on GraduateWay. ≫ Three Lessons of the Rwandan Genocide Free Essay Sample on Samploon.com. Rwanda Genocide - International Baccalaureate History - Marked by .... The Rwandan genocide. - GCSE Politics - Marked by Teachers.com. ≫ The U.S. Response to the Rwandan Genocide Free Essay Sample on .... 9781476670720: The Rwandan Genocide on Film: Critical Essays and .... Rwandan Genocide by villajen000. The Rwandan Genocide | Teaching Resources. ≫ Should the United States Have Intervened in the Rwandan Genocide .... Rwandan Genocide by Leslie Silva. Rwandan Genocide - Who was Responsible? - A-Level History - Marked by .... Rwanda Genocide | Teaching Resources. Rwanda Genocide by Charles Guzman. Rwanda Marks 25 Years Since the Genocide. The Country Is Still .... The Unanswered Question: Attempting to Explain the Rwandan Genocide .... The Rwandan Genocide by Mariz Isabella Bolano. Rwanda Project by Michael Dupont. Rwanda vs Holocaust - GCSE History - Marked by Teachers.com. A Reporter Reflects On Rwanda: 'It's Like A Madness Took Over .... Case Study: Rwanda Genocide Essay Example | StudyHippo.com. History of The Rwandan Genocide - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. the rwandan genocide | Hutu | Rwanda. Rwandan Genocide Essay - 24/25 | Modern History - Year 11 HSC | Thinkswap. Essay about genocide in rwanda true. The History of the Genocide in the Rwandan - 1184 Words | Essay Example. A Summary Of The Rwandan Genocide Pdf - bbpiratebay. Free essay on genocide. Buy Essays Online from Successful Essay - literature review on the .... Josias semujanga origins of the rwandan genocide essay. Help writing my paper Rwanda and darfur genocides essay Genocide In Rwanda Essay
· Coronel & Morris Chapter 7, Problems 1, 2 and 3
· Coronel & Morris Chapter 8, Problems 1 and 2
A People’s History of Modern Europe
“A fascinating journey across centuries towards the world as we experience it today. ... It is
the voice of the ordinary people, and women in particular, their ideas and actions, protests
and sufferings that have gone into the making of this alternative narrative.”
——Sobhanlal Datta Gupta, former Surendra Nath Banerjee
Professor of Political Science, University of Calcutta
“A history of Europe that doesn’t remove the Europeans. Here there are not only kings,
presidents and institutions but the pulse of the people and social organizations that shaped
Europe. A must-read.”
——Raquel Varela, Universidade Nova de Lisboa
“Lively and engaging. William A Pelz takes the reader through a thousand years of
European history from below. This is the not the story of lords, kings and rulers. It is the
story of the ordinary people of Europe and their struggles against those lords, kings and
rulers, from the Middle Ages to the present day. A fine introduction.”
——Francis King, editor, Socialist History
“This book is an exception to the rule that the winner takes all. It highlights the importance
of the commoners which often is only shown in the dark corners of mainstream history
books. From Hussites, Levellers and sans-culottes to the women who defended the Paris
Commune and the workers who occupied the shipyards during the Carnation revolution in
Portugal. The author gives them their deserved place in history just like Howard Zinn did
for the American people.”
——Sjaak van der Velden, International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam
“The author puts his focus on the lives and historical impact of those excluded from
power and wealth: peasants and serfs of the Middle Ages, workers during the Industrial
Revolution, women in a patriarchic order that transcended different eras. This focus not
only makes history relevant for contemporary debates on social justice, it also urges the
reader to develop a critical approach.”
——Ralf Hoffrogge, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
“An exciting story of generations of people struggling for better living conditions, and for
social and political rights. ... This story has to be considered now, when the very notions of
enlightenment, progress and social change are being questioned.”
——Boris Kagarlitsky, director of Institute for globalization studies and social
movements, Moscow, and author of From Empires to Imperialism
“A splendid antidote to the many European histories dominated by kings, businessmen
and generals. It should be on the shelves of both academics and activists ... A lively and
informative intellectual tour-de-force.”
——Marcel van der Linden, International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam
A People’s History
of Modern Europe
William A. Pelz
First published 2016 by Pluto Press
345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA
www.pluto.
The Impact Of Postmodernism
The Pros And Cons Of Postmodernism
post modernism Essay examples
An Overview of Postmodernism Essay
Postmodern World, By Jean-François Lyotard
Essay on Modern and Post-Modernism Architecture
Postmodernism in Literature
Essay On Postmodernism
Postmodernism : A Consensus On Postmodernism
Postmodernism Essay
Postmodernism And Its Impact On Society
Modernism And Postmodernism
Differences Between Modern And Postmodernism
Postmodernism: The Movement in Life Essay
The Transition to Postmodernism Essay
Postmodernism Essay
Postmodernism : Modernism And Postmodernism
Postmodernism: Christian Worldview
Modernism vs Postmodernism Essay
The Anna Lindh Report 2014 : Intercultural Trends and Social Changes in the E...Jamaity
The Euro-Mediterranean region is experiencing the
most challenging and hazardous situation of the last two
decades. Twenty years ago, in the aftermath of the Oslo
Peace Accord, which was intended to solve the most
FRPSOH[FRQÀLFWRIWKHUHJLRQWKH(XURSHDQ8QLRQPRVW
of the Mediterranean Arab countries, Turkey and Israel
jointly launched the Barcelona Process. It was the most
ambitious multilateral project of cooperation the region
had ever known, ultimately aimed at creating a shared
space of peace, stability and prosperity.
None of the three goals have been attained. There have
of course been positive developments. Among them,
the most important is probably the awakening of the
civil society in the last years and its renewed capacity
to become a player for social change in the region.
Since 2010, we have observed converging demands
of freedom, dignity and social justice that constitute a
powerful and exciting reality. As a matter of fact, there
are new and stimulating reasons for hope, but there are
also perturbing causes for concern. On both shores of
the Mediterranean.
Imagining Futures, a Postcolonial Critique to Teleology.Marco Crosa
The lecture is meant to show how Teleological fallacy is quite widespread and embedded in our common language especially in a context of social referring to the Others. It is underlined how its conception drives the shaping of the inter-cultural relations and the policy making.
Its emerging is analysed in relation to the construction of the identity with a particular emphasis on "Modernity" as a western constructed self-consciousness. Hegel's philosophy is considered as a major reference.
Some efforts are finally dedicated to an alternative paradigm of Temporality based on the post-colonial deconstruction of the universal Historicism and toward a bottom up and constructed arrow of time by trajectories and fluctuations. Studies on complexity are taken in consideration.
Balkan history and anthropological studies serve as main examples
Autobiography Essay Example For College. 012 Best Photos Of Personal Autobiog...Brandy Rose
40 Autobiography Examples ( + Autobiographical Essay Templates). Best Tips on How to Write an Autobiography Essay - The Best Way to .... 013 Student Autobiography Template College Example Essential Likeness .... 12+ Sample Autobiography Of A College Student | DocTemplates. Pin by Ariel Canillo on image | Autobiography template, Essay format .... 005 Educational Autobiography Template College Sample Essayss 87431 .... Free Autobiography Essay Examples: Topics, Outline, Samples. Autobiography Essay Format. Autobiography Essay About Yourself Example – Telegraph.
Intellectual crisis of thought in contemporary era and how to overcome itFernando Alcoforado
The world faces in the contemporary era with several crises, economic, political, social and environmental. Every day that goes by, these crises deepen, whether in the national plans, whether on a planetary scale. But the biggest crisis facing humanity today is, without doubt, the intellectual crisis of thought that is the main obstacle to overcome other crises and the construction of a new society and a new world order centered on real economic progress, political, social and environmental. The intellectual crisis of thought of the contemporary era is that makes the world we live in works chaotically like a ship drifting towards disaster.
Unit 6Top of FormBottom of FormOverviewThe Birth of Europe .docxrajahchelsey
Unit 6
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Overview
The Birth of Europe: The Middle Ages and Italian Renaissance
In Unit 6, we will be focusing on the birth of a distinct European culture and its development during the Middle Ages and Italian Renaissance. After the fall of the Roman Empire and the invasion of Germanic tribes, the early Middle Ages witnessed the rise of a patchwork of dynasties in Britain, France, Italy, and Germany, with much of Spain under the control of an Islamic Empire. A unifying force within the diverse European kingdoms was the Catholic Church. In 800 CE, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, ruler of the Franks, as the Holy Roman Emperor, creating not only a new political entity, but reinforcing the ties between holy and secular authority in Western Europe.
During the High Middle Ages (1000 -1300 CE), local dynasties continued to form, with developing nation states in Britain and France, and smaller political entities in Italy and Germany. The economic system that prevailed during the Middle Ages was feudalism, which gave authority to lords, who in turn acted as patrons for vassal knights. The lords and knights provided protection for the peasants and farmers whose labors fueled the feudal system. During these centuries, the papacy became increasingly powerful, leading to the Crusades to retake the Holy Land from the Islamic Empire.
The Late Middle Ages (1300-1450) witnessed one of the great crises of world history: the Black Death (1346–53), a plague that swept through Europe, killing over thirty percent of the continent’s population. The Hundred Years War (1337 - 1453) between France and England further changed the political landscape of Europe. Peasant uprisings reshaped the feudal system as did the growth of towns and ultimately urban environments. The fifteenth century Renaissance symbolized Europe’s transition from the Middle Ages to the early modern world, beginning in the city-states of Italy. The Renaissance was a literal rebirth of classical learning, the rediscovery of Greek and Latin texts and ancient art. New philosophical movements, such as humanism, placed mankind, rather than the divine or supernatural, as the central focus of rational thought. The painting and sculpture of the Renaissance embodied these new beliefs as well as the revival of ancient art forms.
By the end of this unit, you will be able to:
1. Compare and contrast the political, economic, and social characteristics that define the Middle Ages.
2. Analyze the changing role and relationship between the church and various European states throughout the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance Era.
3. Describe how politics, culture, and art of the Italian Renaissance differed from that of the Middle Ages.
The image to the left is linked to an interactive map where you can see the approximate geographical location and learn more information about the civilizations discussed in this unit. If you are accessing this course from the Blackboard mobile application ...
The Open Society and Its Enemies- K. PopperJoão Soares
Written in political exile in New Zealand during the Second World War and published in two volumes in 1945, The Open Society and its Enemies was hailed by Bertrand Russell as a 'vigorous and profound defence of democracy'. This legendary attack on the philosophies of Plato, Hegel and Marx prophesied the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and exposed the fatal flaws of socially engineered political systems. It remains highly readable, erudite and lucid and as essential reading today as on publication in 1945. It is available here in a special centenary single-volume edition.
Publicación en el marco de la exposición "jpg imagen o naturaleza" de Diego Vites. Con la colaboración de Pablo de Soto. Participan La Piscina Editorial, Federico López Silvestre, María Ptqk, Pablo Jarauta y Horacio González. Dirección Ania González | Zona C, Santiago de Comopostela. Con textos de Ania González, Federico López Silvestre, María Ptqk, Pablo Jarauta, Pablo de Soto. Editado por La Piscina, 2015.
Publicado en Ciencia Diáspora: http://cienciadiaspora.wordpress.com/2014/05/28/la-academia-en-los-matorrales/. El manifiesto recoge fragmentos de “La cháchara y la cátedra. Prácticas de conocimiento feminista”, publicado en Zilbeti, Maider (Ed.) “Arte ekoizpen feministak: ezagutza
prozesuak, bisualiteak eta ibilbideak. Producciones de arte feminista: procesos de conocimiento, visualidades y recorridos”, consonni, colección Beste, Bilbao 2013.
Más información: http://www.mariaptqk.net/la-chachara/
Be Creative Underclass! Myths, Strategies and Paradoxes of the Talent EconomyPtqk
Paper in Hagoort, Thomassen, Kooyman, Eds. "Pioneering Minds Worldwide. On the Entrepreneurial Principles of the Cultural and Creative Industries", Eburon Academic Press, Utrecht 2012. Originally commissioned and published by YProductions, Barcelona 2009. TAGS: CREATIVE CLASS, WORKING CONDITIONS, POST-FORDIST ECONOMY.
La cháchara y la cátedra. Prácticas de conocimiento feminista.Ptqk
Texto en el libro colectivo "ARTE EKOIZPEN FEMINISTAK - PRODUCCIONES DE ARTE FEMINISTA" editado por Maider Zilbeti y publicado por consonni. Maider Zilbeti, Saioa Olmo, María Mur Dean, Ainhoa Güemes Moreno y Enkarni Gómez Genua, Maria Ptqk, Itziar Okariz, Kontxa Elorza, Bulegoa Z/B (Beatriz Cavia y Leire Vergara), Erreakzioa-Reacción (Azucena Vieites-Estíbaliz Sádaba), María José Belbel.
The tie tieds. Capitalism and the artist critique.Ptqk
This text was produced for Offce Party: Multidimensional Spectrum of Voices, a curatorial project by Lorenzo Sandoval with writing by John Holten, María Ptqk, Eirik Sørdal, and Anna-Sophie Springer. Kinderhook-Caracas gallery, Berlin; galería Rosa Santos, Valencia, 2013.
Revista Teknokultura, (2013), Vol. 10 Núm. 1: 177-193, http://teknokultura.net.
El régimen de biopatentes, que contribuye a la privatización de la materia viva y a su ex- clusión del patrimonio común, reproduce y actualiza los mecanismos del proyecto colonial en la gestión de los recursos de la naturaleza. Se analizan dos alternativas al sistema de biopatentes: la que corresponde con la lógica del acceso libre y abierto a los recursos y la que desmboca en el concepto de medio ambiente como patrimonio común de la Humanidad.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Biopatentes, propiedad intelectual, acceso abierto, ingeniería genética, biotecnología, procomún, medio ambiente, biopiratería.
Web social y úteros de alquiler. Notas sobre la división sexual del trabajo e...Ptqk
Web social y úteros de alquiler.
Notas sobre la división sexual del trabajo en los circuitos integrados.
Sección del fanzine editado por Erreakzioa-Reacción con motivo de la propuesta "Erreakzioa-Reacción. Imágenes de un proyecto entre el arte y el feminismo" en MUSAC, Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Castilla y León, del 23 de junio de 2012 al 6 de enero de 2013.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
4. Correspondence from Eyjafjallajökull
MOUNTAINISLANDGLACIER
www.montañaislaglaciar.es
A Broken Dimanche Press publication
in collaboration with Ortomática Berlín, Madrid 2011
www.brokendimanche.eu
ISBN: 978-3-943196-01-6
Team: Carlos Fdez-Pello, Javier Fresneda,
Eduardo Hurtado, Regina de Miguel,Antonio R.
Montesinos and Lorenzo Sandoval.
Contributors: Pavla Ascher, Santiago Eraso, Juan Freire,
Emanuele Guidi, John Holten, Nicolas Maleve, Roberto
Meira, Markus Miessen,Alan Pauls, María Ptqk, Laurence
Rassel and Urszula Wozniak.
Editorial: Regina de Miguel andv Lorenzo Sandoval
Book Design: Carlos Fernández-Pello
Illustrations: Kim-Vásquez
Project: Eduardo Hurtado
Management: Antonio R. Montesinos
Contributors: Lorenzo Sandoval
Translation spa/eng: Keith Richard Payne
Traducción eng/spa: Mijo Miquel
Traducción spa/german: Mario Gómez
Proof-reading: Juan Burdiel, Carlos Fernández-Pello,
Javier Fresneda, John Holten, Nicholas Fox Ricciardi,
Regina de Miguel, Lorenzo Sandoval.
Unless stated otherwise. contents included in the book are
published under a CC BY-SA Creative Commons license.
Pavla Ascher’s “ A ClimateWithin” is published under the
public domain regulation.
The work “Zukunft” in John Holten’s “Introduction to Djordje
Boji ” (p. 157) and its copyright belong to
artist Darko Dragi evi .
Printer: Gráficas Luengo, Navalmoral de la Mata
This book is possible thanks to the Iniciarte Art
& Creation Grants of Junta de Andalucía an
the Artistic Creation and Cultural Production
Grants Frontera Sur of Diputación de Cádiz and
Fundación Provincial de Cultura.
With the kind support of Altes Finanzamt,
Espacio Abisal y Proyecto Rampa.
We would like to thank Eventos Paralelos Manifesta
8, In-transit Plataforma Complutense de
Creadores Universitarios and Residencia de
Estudiantes for believeing in the project, to Dr. Román
Piña Chan for his outspoken patronage and very
specially to María Sandoval and Ángel Guardiola for
their huge help at Murcia.
Typesetting in Larish Alte and Gill Sans
5. Introduction
5 · Regina de Miguel & Lorenzo Sandoval
Avrupalılaştırabildi-
klerimizdenmisiniz?
7 · Urszula Wozniak
The New Land
17 · Antonio R. Montesinos
Alfa Male
and beta c@mps
23 · María Ptqk
Europe as Symptom
41 · Regina de Miguel
Comunities
under Variable
Weather Conditions
53 · Emanuele Guidi
Interview to
Professor Roberto Meira
63 · Javier Fresneda
The (Im)possible Border:
where is ‘East’ East from?
73 · Markus Miessen
A Climate Within
83 · Pavla Ascher
Nantes — Barcelona
Barcelona — Nantes
95 · Nicolas Malevé & Laurence Rassel
A Storm Cloud over Europe
107 · Santiago Eraso
Unité d’organization.
Cité Raieuse.
115 · Lorenzo Sandoval
¿Rebuild Europe
from the Periphery?
129 · Juan Freire
Berliner Olympiastadion
141 · Eduardo Hurtado
Introduction to Djordje
Bojić’s “To Warmann”
151 · John Holten
Oiropa
161 · Alan Pauls
An Incomplete Dictionary
of the Future of Europe
177 · Markus Miessen (Appendix)
Biographies
187 · Authors and Collaborators
6.
7. 7
The project Correspondence from Eyjafjallajökull,
which comprises part of this publication, had as its
starting point the eruption of what is now known
as the Icelandic volcano. The eruption of the ash
cloud that paralyzed air traffic and that exploded
onto the communal geographic imagination, helped
us to begin an open process of reflection viewing the
unease inscribed in the idea of Europe through a
variety of lenses.
This temporary suspension of air travel within
Europe returned us to a time in which the idea of travel
in Europe was made possible only by land. The continent
was discovered in a panic reaction because it seemed
we were returning to another time, an unthinkable and
obsolete cost within the current organization of time, a
product of late capitalism. This cloud moreover appea-
red like an imperfect shape with undefined margins that
clearly reflected the way in which European identity had
been constructed: smoke, that in its beginnings left no
room for transparency, while spreading invisibly.
The elusive identity of the EU has been constituted
by a forced boundary. No doubt based on the tradition
of cartographically placing the Old World at the centre,
in opposition to the other, defining, among other things,
the Eurocentric differentiation characteristic of colonia-
lity, thereby shaping its profile in the face of the cultural
identities at the periphery. Appealing to an intellectual
tradition that does not correspond to its geopolitical
borders, the EU has inherited the unresolved conflict of
having to define itself from the outside and not from the
inside. It has failed to synchronize either economically
or culturally the countries that form or that want to
Introduction
8. M O U N TA I N I S L A N D G L A C I E R
8
join the Union. In addition to the internal conflicts that
remain, there are others to solve. The most obvious
and clear example being the integration of Islam. The
solution to these problems has been permanently post-
poned and their magnitude has not been comprehended
until now, they have shown once again with extreme
clarity the marked difference between the centre and the
undefined periphery; essentially a real zone of economic
friction.
Recent ultra-liberal policies have only served to
exacerbate the unease. The measures that keep appea-
ring day after day, taken by governments at the behest
of a dictatorial market, point to a failure of a system of
values that was considered inviolable, a blurring of the
idea of state and a welfare project that seems consumed
by the same energy that should be motivating it. Howe-
ver, we should not forget to consult history in order to
re-think the future. Perhaps we could see that things
must not be thus, simply from a glance at the alternati-
ves they suggest.
The publication Mountain Island Glacier is not
intended to be a general study of the current situation in
Europe. This is a book in which members of the project
have collaborated with a number of partners to create a
polyphonic discourse. Although each of the proposals
are articulated in different registers and from multiple
perspectives, all share the intention of questioning the
paradigm of Europeanism as it is currently offered.
October 2011
11. A L FA M A L E A N D B E TA C @ M P S — M A R Í A P T Q K
2 7
I am writing this text in Berlin at the end of May 2011,
while about me resound the echoes of what is happe-
ning in the Plaza del Sol. It is impossible that my
thoughts do not wander in that direction; impossible
not to see in these events a sign – yet another – of
something that the analysts from various disciplines
have been saying for years. I don’t refer (only) to the
breaking up of the idea of Europe as an historical,
political and social project, nor to the inability to
sustain the European Union as a transnational institu-
tion, but to something broader and more diffuse: the
crisis of power of certain models of political thought
encompassed in what we might call The European
Intellectual Tradition.
The question that inspires this text is to what extent the ex-
periences of 15M teach us about the decadence of this intellectual
tradition. And, to answer, I propose to begin by stating the obvious:
the manner in which this movement has been understood and
communicated by the mass media, (that, whether we like it or not,
is the place where the production of ideas is more visible and mo-
reover, more powerful). We are aware of the theory that, with few
exceptions, inspires much of the well-versed criticism from these
domains of power. The “movement of the outraged” is not bad – it
is colorful, friendly, enthusiastic, youthful – but half-baked: there
are no spokespersons, there are no programmes, no clear propo-
sals, no organization, and as a result, there are no serious politics.
And I wonder why not. From whose idea of politics and from
which intellectual tradition is this judgement formulated? I wonder
what forms of other-politics are at stake in these networks, assem-
blies and camps, and what coordinates we need to orient ourselves
and move forward.
My view is that these demonstrations indicate a certain shift in
the idea of what it means to be political, and a good place to think
about this shift is in the critique of the alpha male, understood as
the set of dominant paradigms that determine which models of
political action and thought are valid, and which not; paradigms
that, to put it simply, are derived the Eurocentric court; enlighte-
ned and rationalist, that is: civilizing and colonial. So that I am
fully understood: I do not wish to say that 15M is a non-Eurocen-
tric movement, but yes, I do believe that the modes of functioning
12. M O U N TA I N I S L A N D G L A C I E R
2 8
in play here question a certain intellectual tradition that, taking
into account the influence of the idea of Europe on the formation
of Western culture, we can consider as European; and taking into
account the weight of Western culture on the history of the world,
we can consider it as hegemonic.
I use the expressions 15M, camps, outraged, etc. for practical
reasons, but without forgetting that the movement to which I refer
does not have one, but many names, and neither was it born or will
it die in the Plaza del Sol. Furthermore, I say it here; it is not im-
portant for me to know how it will end or if it has served any purpose
because I understand that these criteria of finality and purpose
form part precisely of the idea of politics that this movement brings
into question.
The alpha male as a world project
The alpha male is not male, nor is he white, nor middle-aged,
nor heterosexual (although it is true that the individuals who enjoy
being recognized as such almost always meet at least three of these
characteristics). The alpha male is a paradigm, i.e. that which the
philosopher Thomas Kuhn defined as the set of modes of thought
that prevails as valid during a certain historical period, firstly
because they correspond with accepted social values, and secondly
because it proves useful to explain and resolve the problems of their
time. Alpha male stands, then, as a synonym for the norms that –
explicitly and implicitly – govern the world.
The intellectual tradition of the alpha male is not itself defined
by geographical or jurisdictional elements, but by the structures of
power within which it operates, presided over mainly by the idea
of modernity: “a philosophical, historiographical and sociological
concept that can be defined as a project to impose reason as the
transcendental norm of society”.1
The rhetoric of modernity – and
all its ramifications: the Cartesian principal of reason, the myth of
progress, the incessant search for novelty, the lineal temporality pro-
jected toward an always better future, domination over technology,
(of certain technologies), as a proof of moral superiority, etc – is a
colonial character to the extent in which it naturalizes and normalizes
these models of thought and exports them – or imposes them – as
the Model of Reference.2
It is the strategy of the nuetral masculine.
Thinkers, in what in English is known as decoloniality, dis-
tinguish between colonialism – which is the presence of colonial
administrations in a territory – and coloniality – which are the
13. A L FA M A L E A N D B E TA C @ M P S — M A R Í A P T Q K
2 9
cultural, linguisitc, ethinc, epistemlogical, spiritual or symbolic
power structures that survive when the colonial adminsitrations
have been dismantled. According to civilizing European thought,
along the same lines that the male-white-Judeo-Christian-hetero-
sexual is the model of reference for the human, western philosophy
is the philosophy, western science is the science and western thought
models, of whatever kind, are the models of thought. The rest are
beliefs, traditions, myth or folklore.3
The idea of a paradigm appears to contain two paradoxes at
its root. On one side, although it is situated in a specific histo-
rical context – hence, relative – to be formulated as a model, it
aspires to a decontextualized position, that is, universal. On the
other side, because although formally based on values both nuetral
and objective, in order to be effective, the paradigm must become
fiction: myth, narrative, history, historiography. Its strength comes
precisely from this capacity to consider itself in a way that hides its
circumstantial character and to propose itself in absolute terms.
In this sense, there’s poetic justice in the fact that 15M began
in the old Al Andalus a few months after the uprisings in North
Africa, and in tune with the demonstrations in Greece, (a country
whose consecration as the official birthplace of Western civilisation
was made at the expense of the influence of the Phoenicians and
the Egyptians in the formation of Hellenic culture);4
or that the
references for the assemblies in Spanish neighbourhoods are the
selfsame experiences of Latin America, and in particular, of Argen-
tina post corralito; or that all of this occurs at the same time that
some of the countries in the Union are calling for the dismantling
of the Schengen zone and a return to the old national borders, and
are questioning the viability of the common currency, (borders and
money that are, precisely, symbols of the European construction for
the people who simply live there). It’s as if suddenly in Europe, this
invention based on a linear and natural evolution, was being torn
apart at the seams.
Our models of political thought are also characterized by civili-
zational paradigms. Proof of this is in the fact that to be taken se-
riously, from the point of view of the alpha male, the practices that
aspire to be considered as political must overcome something akin
to the cotton test of the philosophy of western politics. This test of
legitimacy is inspired by the ideal of abstract knowledge and struc-
tured with a beginning, a development and an end. It manifests
itself as programmes, organizations and the accomplishements of
goals. Coming from the European intellectual tradition; colonialist
14. M O U N TA I N I S L A N D G L A C I E R
3 0
and enlightened, only the political practices that are geared toward
a project of progress – in the sense of a project with purpose – are
considered political practices. The rest are funny, something other:
performance, disturbance and utopia.
We, the ones who think
But let’s return to the mass media. As we know, one of the most
interesting phenomena of the 15M movement has been the reaction
of writers, columnists and left-wing thinkers. They have, almost
unanimously, responded as if this were a kind of generational cons-
cription and they are intent on making the most of their VIP passes,
putting all their argumentative arsenal to the service of the delegi-
timization of the movement.5
Although they are dragging their feet,
treading carefully and in most cases appearing utterly confused. It
is as if they did not need to explain why they are against the move-
ment exactly, or as if they were a little ashamed in finding so much
fault. In part, this can be explained by the unconcious impulse to
attack when the territory which they consider their own, is threa-
tened; an apparently rational impluse – rationalized – but at root,
animal. They feel disorientated, obsolete and undermined; and they
understand why. But these reactions illustrate a wider shift: the
struggle between an established pattern of thought and conforming
with the norm and a new, nameless and formless pattern, (or with
Madrid, 2011
15. A L FA M A L E A N D B E TA C @ M P S — M A R Í A P T Q K
3 1
many names and many forms), that, from the perspective of the
political rationale of the alpha male, is incomprehensible. Everyone
rushed to the plazas, is sleeping in the streets, making improvised
banners by hand, chanting slogans that we don’t know where they
came from, naming the revolution with messages of four or five
words (with abbreviations!). Face it: it seems a bit primitive.7
In the opinion of Irit Rogoff, there is a difference between
critical thinking – the capacity to analyze a problem from the inte-
llectual toolbox that we learn to use in school – and what she calls
criticality.6
While critical thinking gives to the subjects a series of
signs and messages with which to interpret reality and influence it,
criticality puts the subjects in the center of the problem, inviting
them, not to think about it, but to live it. Therein lies the key to
15-M: it does not invite you to join an effectuated debate, nor just to
think collectively about something, but to inhabit it and from there,
make it your own. As Amador Fernández-Savater has it:
“A less abstract manifesto, a more coherent political programme, less ambitious
claims, these would not have led to this successfull level of participation.
It was the inexact nature of the call that made it appealing to so many
individuals, social groups and disparate ages. It was the absence of a superior
hierarchical entity to act as convener that had encouraged so many people
to join and actively participate, to feel that the protests and the occupation
of Puerta del Sol was something their own.” 8
The peculiarity of this movement, therefore, is not in what it
demands, but in how the protestors shape and inhabit these physical
spaces or symbols of demand. It is not a difference in respect to the
what: it is a difference in the how. For this reason, when I say that
what is occuring here is a challenge to the thought patterns of “con-
forming to the norm”, I don’t refer to the actual content of the de-
mands but the modes of thinking and action that they make possible.
An example: we could say that to defend the immediate and
unconditional dismantling of global capitalism is an idea that
doesn’t conform to the norm. But to do so from a stage presided
over by just one banner or under one slogan, is to do so with a lan-
guage that conforms to the norm. What a named individual does,
and through this gesture becomes a referent to the masses coated in
a glorious identity, is also a model of subjective conforming. A norm
that, I repeat, is linked to a determined political tradition: white,
masculine, rationalist and heroic. Another example: Respondents
in the Puerta del Sol to the journalist Daniel Mermet,8
two repre-
16. M O U N TA I N I S L A N D G L A C I E R
3 2
sentatives of Attac Spain recall that the demands made from the
camps are the same that their organization have been demanding for
years, centred on criticism of financial deregulation. “We are happy
that at last the message has arrived.” Yes, but then, why did Attac
never achieve such mobilization? Perhaps because their proposals,
like those of many other groups of the traditional left, are taken, are
rejected or debated, but never invite the citizen to inhabit them.
15M modernizes political mobilization tactics that, as end-
lessly repeated across the networks, did not appear out of nowhe-
re. This is the history of digital activism, with its conception
of the free circulation of knowledge and its experience of the
network’s powers of distribution. This is the heritage of the cyber-
feminists and queer theorists, with their defence of disidentifica-
tion – or the play of fluid identities – as a tactic of the subversion
of the language and resistance against power codes. And these are
the philosophies of the south, that insist upon wresting the posi-
tion that the global economy is the axis of the power relations – as
if only within the global economy are manifest the structures of
power, regardless of the multiple dimensions of power relations:
gender, race, sexuality, epistemological paradigms, the symbolic
realm, spirituality – from a typically eurocentric point of view.
From all these fronts – and many others, found on the margins
of hegemonic culture – have sprung different means of thinking
about politics and of being political: forms that exceed the level
of rational argument, collective identities and structured organi-
zations, and that reclaim and inhabit the political as a space in
which there are possibilities (or impossibilities) of agency.
With 15M, these possibilities of agency have appeared preci-
sely in the two points toward which the authorized thinkers have
directed the major part of their criticism: on the one hand, the
predominant role of distributed communication; and on the other
hand, the experience of the camps and the assemblies. Across the
networks and in the plazas, we debate propositions, of course, but
above all we share practices of how to be political. And I say how to
be in the most humble and artisan sense of the word.
Online and from below
The European intellectual tradition, as we have said, presents
itself as knowledge without body and without conditions, that ob-
serves the world from a zenith position, typically Renaissance, (the
eye of God). Against this, the Chicano and black feminists, but also
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Cyborg theorists like Dona Hathaway say: no, knowledge is always
a knowledge that is situated. It is not that ideas are the children
of their time; it is that the ideas are the time[s], the space, subject,
the community, the language and the bodies that formulate them.
Everything is always thought from some place. Walter de Mignolo,
referring to scientific knowledge, affirms:
“The decolonial project begins precisely there (…). He wonders in which distribu-
tion networks of scientific work and knowledge classification he will find who
is the observer and who the announcer. He asks himself what body does the
announcing body inhabit.” 10
Decolonial feminism uses the concept of intersectionality to
analyze the power relations that traverse the classifications of power
in the world designed by the alpha male. There are the factors of
gender, race, class and sexuality, but also others such as pedagogi-
cal models – how is what one knows aquired and transmitted – and
the epistemelogical paradigms – “the historical, psychological and
Madrid, 2011
18. M O U N TA I N I S L A N D G L A C I E R
3 4
sociological circumstances that lead to the obtaining of knowledge
and the criteria by which such is justified or validated”.11
Another example. I am not a writer, I’m a blogger. It is a man-
ner of writing, yes, but it is a lesser form: marginal, incomplete,
fragmentary and conversational. It is a form of writing that requi-
res a handle to distinguish yourself from the normal writer, iden-
tified by the essay or literature as major genres: central, unilateral,
complete and with a vocation for totality. If the essay or literature
are the masculine nuetral, the blogger would be the female, what is
assumed to be there, but by default is not considered. A week after
the camps began, I wrote in my blog:
“Everyone has their story. Mine, with regards to 15M, is directly connected to the
years of social life spent via the internet. For social life, I understand ma-
king friends, falling in love, sharing, reading, impressions, songs and pictures,
creating a public space and experimenting with its limits and its potentials,
making networks of affection, opening up niches of trust, starting distribution
families and real solidarities. For via the internet, I want to say with the digital
networks as channels of communication and as territory that always – and I
say always – has its impact on the tangible.They call it devirtualized, but it is
something more: it is growing together, it is inventing a possibility of life to-
gether, it is, in the words of another generation, we have read the same books,
that has nothing to do with books, clearly. It has to do with language: with the
shared language that constitutes a shared point of view on reality.” 12
Enrique Vila-Matas said in an article published in the throes
of passion that: “tweets are an attack on the complexity of a world
that is trying to read”.13
The complexity – I replied from the blog
– is not in the tweet but in the conversation that weaves in real time
between millions of users. We write short sentences, but they are
short sentences that answer one to the other and that are forwarded
to much longer sentences, to blogs, to videos, radio programmes,
playlists, films and documentaries, press articles and digital multi-
media. And if this happens on the streets as well, as said in another
tweet, it is because we are potentially a permanent assembly. Days
later, Kamen Nedev published, also online, the following:
“In reality, what we have around us is something very distinct from the politi-
cal demonstrations of the past.We are witnessing the moment in which
the Network-Society is realizing its ability to articulate political will.With
the result that, nothing, neither the declarations, nor the agency, nor the
demands reflect anything we have seen before.Thus, the organizational
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structure of this leaderless movement is heir to the culture of free software:
maximum access, multiple channels of participation and dialogue, and a
pragmatic and efficient organization. Hence the shock, and hence, in part,
the fascination it provokes.” 14
The artist and critic Fito Rodríguez notes two other aspects,
typically complex, that in his opinion demonstrate to a high degree
the self-consciousness of these movements:
“One is its capacity to generate maps, to create outlines of their own evolution,
and to be able to visualize themselves as a living and fighting organism.
Another is its capacity to generate an archive. If anything differentiates this
revolution from others, is its incorporation from the first moment as a cen-
tral mechanism.The movement is not only broadcaster, but also archivist, as
it is understood in a more creative, more generative sense.The pregnancy of
the image of the camps, of the banners and the assemblies, is of such a force
that all of its power can begin to freeze or melt at any moment.Working
with living images in order not to fall into monumentality is also to create
the conditions to generate resilient thought.” 15
In short: we also think, but we do it together, online, as we
go along and from below. And from this common ground that is
online – physical and virtual, physical although virtual, physical
because virtual – we defend the value of our labyrinthine vision and
our right to think politically as autonomous and liberated subjects,
outside the norms of preeminent intellectualism characterized by
the alpha male.
Take the Streets. Create the Plazas
The emotional, the vitality, the artisitc dimension, the perfor-
mativity, the immediacy…All of these that the serious thinkers con-
sider to be elements of weakness are, conversely, the source of our
power. They reproach us for not proposing an “alternative of social
transformation or emancipation”,16
without understanding that the
alternative is, precisely, in this other means of being political.
“The key is in Sol,” they said on twitter. Indeed. Because to
take the global economy as an exclusive domain is reductionist, it
is also to forget the experience of the bodies: the bodies that camp,
that give away fruit, that share sun block so they don’t get burned
during the assemblies; the bodies that in place of applauding, twirl
their hands with their arms raised so as not to drown out the voice
20. M O U N TA I N I S L A N D G L A C I E R
3 6
of the speaker. Ariane Berthoin Antal warns about the lack of atten-
tion paid to bodies in the process of acquiring knowledge. She calls
it bodily knowing:
“Antonio Strati has repeatedly warned that researchers continue making ´the
cognitive and rational error of ignoring the bodies of the people involved
in the decision process and only considering their minds´.Throughout the
literature on organizational learning, knowing is usually reduced to what
takes place in and is retained by the brain. But organizational learning occurs
throughout the individuals who participate in experiences and these indivi-
duals have bodies: undeniable but overlooked.” 17
Some of this is captured in the anonymous phrase that spread
like wildfire through the social networks: “this is not about taking
the streets, but about creating the plazas”.18
Continuing with the
metaphor, taking the streets, (this central and rectilinear element
of urban planning that is so phallic), is like taking the power: from
one delegation, it would pass to the next. The idea of taking the
plazas is more spectacular, because more people fit – like the womb,
the plazas are containers – and because they contain a more totali-
tarian impulse, to capture the collective identity, (the plazas have
always been the place of the multitude). But to create the plazas
is another thing altogether. It is not to change one authority for
another and it is not to make a spectacle of the masses. To create the
Madrid, 2011
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plazas is to re-found the space for the community: it is laying the
foundation so that this diversity can express itself, mature, polinate
and mutate. It is to construct multiple territories, overlapping and,
if necessary, contradictory, in which there is speaking, listening,
touching, smelling, seeing, sleeping, eating and sharing sun block,
and where they can evolve as individuals and as a collective.
Rogoff, once more, developing the concept of criticality, stres-
ses that in human groups those that are most important, do not
produce in isolation, but within intricate networks of connections
in which the physical presence – the sharing of certain determined
factual conditions of time and place: we are together, here, now – is
fundamental. From her point of view, the people who participate
in a given situation make more sense because in this situation, they
project their respecitve subjectivities, but above all because they
share some common conditions of space and time. These situations
are meaningless in and of themselves but make sense as means
through which they function as realms of possibility for the partici-
pants to develop their own meanings.
This, says Rogoff, ultimately assumes the acceptance that there
doesn’t exist inherent meanings that must be unraveled from ana-
lysis or intelectual knowledge, but that the meanings are in what
is occuring.19
Silvia Nanclares voices a similar opinion, in her own
words: “Yes, the assemblies are mind-numbingly boring, but they are
constructive. I did not say productive. They don’t necessarily produ-
ce fruits, they produce meaning and they produce experience”.20
The plazas that we want, then, are those symbolic places; jo-
yous, uninhibited, non-hierarchical, temporarily autonomous and
constructive – although not necessarily nor immediately produc-
tive – in which many singularities join together with their bodies
and their histories, without anyone giving an order, to tackle the
territory that is fundamentally the politic of the community. And
I repeat, there is the potentially transformative pulse of this move-
ment: the side of what in Europe they would call wild.
Conclusiones en Beta
The viral banner “The revolution will be feminist or it will not
be” was found torn up across many of the camps, probably because it
was understood that included in the common agenda are the claims
of single groups. Mistake. What this banner says is that to make re-
volution is always and inevitably to reinvent politics, and to reinvent
politics assumes demasculinizing it and decolonizing it from the
22. M O U N TA I N I S L A N D G L A C I E R
3 8
constructed territory of the conqueror. As noted by Isabel Galcerán:
“One of the first requirements of the new politics will have to be to care for and
protect the communal character and the shared power, understood now
not as power to govern the rest, but as relations of mutual dependency in a
shared space.”21
This is to displace the alpha male: to place at the forefront the
diversity of the subjects that speak without hiding the place from
where they speak, to prioritize the care of this common territory
ahead of predetermined goals, and develop “categories and prac-
tices that achieve a non-standardized agency, not some absolute
truth or infallible actions”.22
What Rogoff calls: access to another
mode of habitation.
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—Notes
1. See entry “modernity” in Wikipedia http://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernity. All links
for this text were last consulted in June,
2011.
2. The following ideas about decolonial
theory come from notes taken at a
seminar given by Ramón Grosfoguel in
May, 2011, in the Institut für Europäische
Ethnologie / Humboldt-Universität,
Berlin.
3. Mignolo, Walter, “Regeneración y reciclaje:
descolonizar la ciencia y la biotecnología
para liberar la vida” in Mendiola, Ignacio
(Ed.), “Rastos y rostros de la biopolítica”,
Anthropos, Barcelona 2009.
4. For more on Hellenic culture, see Martin
Bernal, “Black Athena: Afroasiatic Roots
of Classical Civilization, Volume I: The
Fabrication of Ancient Greece, 1785-1985”
Rutgers University Press, 1987.
5. For example: Delgado, Manuel “15m: el
peligro ciudadanista”, published in his
blog http://manueldelgadoruiz.blogspot.
com/2011/05/el-peligro-ciudadanista-
intervencion-en.html ; Serra, Màrius,
“Campiña electoral”, published in the
newspaper La Vanguardia: http://
www.lavanguardia.com/opinion/
articulos/20110520/54156975205/campina-
electoral.html ; Monzó, Quim, “He
aquí la Spanish Revolution” published in
the newspaper La Vanguardia: http://
www.lavanguardia.com/opinion/
articulos/20110519/54156645763/he-aqui-
la-spanish-revolution.html ; Vila-Matas,
Enrique, “Empobrecimiento”, published
in El País: http://www.elpais.com/
articulo/cultura/Empobrecimiento/
elpepicul/20110524elpepicul_4/Tes
6. Translator’s note: I have chosen here not
to translate the word ‘plaza’ to it’s literal
equivalent ‘square,’ as the Mediterranean,
Southern French and South American plaza
is so much more than the Anglophone
‘square.’ It is, as the author points out,
a public space that is used for informal
assembly on a daily basis by the inhabitants.
The Anglo equivalent of this, might perhaps
be the park, but that’s only weather
permitting. Every Spanish settlement, from
the large urban centres to villages of less
than 100 inhabitants, has a plaza that is
used regularly as a public space.
7. Rogoff, Irit, “Smuggling – An Embodied
Criticality” in http://transform.eipcp.net
2006.
8. Nedev, Kamen, in “La voz del bosque.
A partir de Acampada sol, los efectos del
15M y el deseo de un cambio institucional”
published in A*Magazine nº 80: http://
www.a-desk.org/spip/spip.php?article968
2011
9. “Là-bas si j´y suis”, radio transmission by
FranceInter, 26 May, 2011 http://www.la-
bas.org/article.php3?id_article=2190
10. De Mignolo, Walter, op. cit.
11. See entry “epistemology” in
Wikipedia: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Epistemolog%C3%ADa
12. Ptqk, Maria “El #15M desde un router
DSL-Easybox A601 WLAN sito en Neukölln”
in Ptqk_blogzine: http://ptqkblogzine.
blogspot.com/2011/05/el-15m-desde-un-
router-dsl-easybox-a601.html
13. Vila-Matas, Enrique, op. cit.
14. Nedev, Kamen, op. cit.
15. Rodríguez, Fito, “Guardar como...”
ublished in the newspaper Gara, June 1,
2011.
16. Delgado, Manuel, op. cit.
17. Berthoin Antal, Ariane, “When Arts Enter
Organizational Spaces: Implications for
Organizational Learning”, unedited, for
24. 4 0
M O U N TA I N I S L A N D G L A C I E R
publication in: Meusburger P., Berthoin
Antal, A., Ries, M., (Eds.), Learning
Organizations: The Importance of Place
for Organizational Learning, Dordrecht,
Springer.
18. Fernández-Savater, Amador, “Apuntes
de acampadasol (1), published in his
blog “Fuera de lugar” in the newspaper
Publico, May 20, 2011: http://blogs.
publico.es/fueradelugar/376/apuntes-de-
acampadasol-1
19. Rogoff, op. cit.
20. Nanclares, Silvia, “Acampar por streaming.
O de cómo no perder tu plaza en la
rebelión de las almohadillas” published
on the webpage of Periodismo Humano,
23 May, 2011: http://tomalapalabra.
periodismohumano.com/2011/05/23/
acampar-por-streaming-o-de-como-no-
perder-tu-plaza-en-la-rebelion-de-las-
almohadillas/
21. Isabel Galcerán, in Valencia, Sayak,
“Capitalismo Gore”, Melusina 2010.
22. Valencia, Sayak, op. cit.