This document discusses various factors that affect work allowances and time standards including: - Constant factors like personal needs and basic fatigue - Variable factors such as abnormal body position, muscular strength, environmental conditions, noise level, lighting level, and visual/mental effort - Special delays that may be avoidable or non-avoidable - Guidelines and formulas from organizations like ILO and OSHA for calculating allowances based on these factors - Examples of calculating relaxation allowances based on noise dose and visual detection allowances based on contrast, luminance, viewing time, and visual angle