Sudipta Deb successfully completed an online course through Coursera titled "Algorithms: Design and Analysis, Part 1" provided by Stanford University. The course covered topics related to the design and analysis of algorithms including asymptotic analysis, sorting and searching algorithms, graph search, shortest paths, and data structures like heaps, search trees, and hash tables. The course was taught by Tim Roughgarden, a professor of computer science at Stanford University, but was an online course and not equivalent to an on-campus course at Stanford.