This document is a bibliography on cross-border higher education containing references from 2000-2005. It summarizes four sections: 1) general issues and trends in cross-border higher education, 2) evaluation, quality assurance and accreditation, 3) policies and regulation, and 4) the relationship between cross-border education, globalization, and trade agreements. The references cover topics like the expansion of cross-border education, student and academic mobility, quality assurance, and the role of cross-border education in capacity building.
Alex. bd higher education across borders a select bibliography french-wIAU_Past_Conferences
This document is a bibliography on cross-border higher education with four sections. It includes publications from 2000-2005 focusing on issues like the expansion of higher education across borders, quality assurance, and the relationship between cross-border education and globalization/trade agreements. The bibliography provides references to works from organizations like UNESCO and the Observatory on Borderless Higher Education on topics such as capacity building, student mobility trends, and future scenarios for cross-border education.
Alex. bd higher education across borders a select bibliographyIAU_Past_Conferences
This document provides a summary of references related to cross-border higher education. It begins with an introduction describing the IAU International Bibliographic Database on Higher Education (HEDBIB) that was used to compile the references. The bibliography then presents references organized into four sections: 1) Cross-Border Higher Education: General Issues and Trends, 2) Quality Assessment, Assurance, Enhancement and Accreditation, 3) Policy Frameworks and Regulation, and 4) Globalization, Trade in Education and GATS. The references were selected based on relevance to the conference theme of cross-border higher education and cover publications from 2000-2005, with some earlier influential references also included.
Alex. bd higher education across borders a select bibliography wIAU_Past_Conferences
This document provides a selective bibliography on the topic of higher education across borders. It is divided into 4 sections that cover general issues and trends in cross-border higher education, quality assessment and accreditation, policy frameworks and regulation, and the relationship between cross-border education and globalization/trade agreements. The bibliography includes over 30 references from 2000-2005 that represent publications from universities, organizations, and databases in the field of international higher education.
Alex. bd iau aucc-ace-chea statement on sharing quality higher education acro...IAU_Past_Conferences
This document outlines principles to guide cross-border higher education. It was created by several international higher education associations to address the challenges of increasing cross-border education. It lays out principles such as contributing to economic/social/cultural well-being, strengthening developing countries' education, being accountable and transparent, and expanding faculty/student mobility. It recommends higher education institutions and providers implement these principles and work with governments and organizations on related policies and research.
This document summarizes a presentation given at the 14th General Conference of the International Association of Universities in San Juan, Puerto Rico on November 28, 2012. The presentation discusses trends in global higher education enrollment growth, diversification of higher education providers, and ensuring quality as higher education expands globally. It calls for strategic approaches and international collaboration to help universities strengthen their role in educational development in the 21st century.
This document provides a checklist for institutions to evaluate their cross-border education programs and practices. The checklist is based on principles outlined in a 2004 joint statement by several higher education associations. It contains questions in several areas: contributing to the public good; building host country capacity; ensuring program quality, accessibility, and recognition; providing transparency; and committing to high-quality cross-border education. The checklist is intended to help institutions design, assess, and improve their cross-border initiatives according to standards of good practice.
International higher education across borders provides opportunities for both academic institutions and students through cultural exchange and globalization. However, it also faces challenges such as high costs, quality assurance between countries, and security issues. The document discusses how international education can be stimulated through various modes like distance learning or satellite campuses. While opportunities exist, issues around regulations, policies, and host country acceptance must be addressed to realize the benefits of international higher education.
Alex. bd higher education across borders a select bibliography french-wIAU_Past_Conferences
This document is a bibliography on cross-border higher education with four sections. It includes publications from 2000-2005 focusing on issues like the expansion of higher education across borders, quality assurance, and the relationship between cross-border education and globalization/trade agreements. The bibliography provides references to works from organizations like UNESCO and the Observatory on Borderless Higher Education on topics such as capacity building, student mobility trends, and future scenarios for cross-border education.
Alex. bd higher education across borders a select bibliographyIAU_Past_Conferences
This document provides a summary of references related to cross-border higher education. It begins with an introduction describing the IAU International Bibliographic Database on Higher Education (HEDBIB) that was used to compile the references. The bibliography then presents references organized into four sections: 1) Cross-Border Higher Education: General Issues and Trends, 2) Quality Assessment, Assurance, Enhancement and Accreditation, 3) Policy Frameworks and Regulation, and 4) Globalization, Trade in Education and GATS. The references were selected based on relevance to the conference theme of cross-border higher education and cover publications from 2000-2005, with some earlier influential references also included.
Alex. bd higher education across borders a select bibliography wIAU_Past_Conferences
This document provides a selective bibliography on the topic of higher education across borders. It is divided into 4 sections that cover general issues and trends in cross-border higher education, quality assessment and accreditation, policy frameworks and regulation, and the relationship between cross-border education and globalization/trade agreements. The bibliography includes over 30 references from 2000-2005 that represent publications from universities, organizations, and databases in the field of international higher education.
Alex. bd iau aucc-ace-chea statement on sharing quality higher education acro...IAU_Past_Conferences
This document outlines principles to guide cross-border higher education. It was created by several international higher education associations to address the challenges of increasing cross-border education. It lays out principles such as contributing to economic/social/cultural well-being, strengthening developing countries' education, being accountable and transparent, and expanding faculty/student mobility. It recommends higher education institutions and providers implement these principles and work with governments and organizations on related policies and research.
This document summarizes a presentation given at the 14th General Conference of the International Association of Universities in San Juan, Puerto Rico on November 28, 2012. The presentation discusses trends in global higher education enrollment growth, diversification of higher education providers, and ensuring quality as higher education expands globally. It calls for strategic approaches and international collaboration to help universities strengthen their role in educational development in the 21st century.
This document provides a checklist for institutions to evaluate their cross-border education programs and practices. The checklist is based on principles outlined in a 2004 joint statement by several higher education associations. It contains questions in several areas: contributing to the public good; building host country capacity; ensuring program quality, accessibility, and recognition; providing transparency; and committing to high-quality cross-border education. The checklist is intended to help institutions design, assess, and improve their cross-border initiatives according to standards of good practice.
International higher education across borders provides opportunities for both academic institutions and students through cultural exchange and globalization. However, it also faces challenges such as high costs, quality assurance between countries, and security issues. The document discusses how international education can be stimulated through various modes like distance learning or satellite campuses. While opportunities exist, issues around regulations, policies, and host country acceptance must be addressed to realize the benefits of international higher education.
The document discusses various aspects of curriculum development including research on local and international curriculum development, contextualization, indigenization, and localization of curriculum. It provides definitions and examples for each topic. Research on local curriculum development includes studies on the Basic Education Curriculum 2002 in the Philippines and factors affecting the quality of education. Research on international curriculum examines programs between countries/schools and frameworks for internationalizing curriculum. Contextualization involves linking teaching to students' interests and environment. Indigenization develops curriculum internally using indigenous knowledge as the primary source. Localization relates curriculum content and teaching to the local community context.
Durban wg the requirements of internationalization of higher educationIAU_Past_Conferences
The document discusses internationalization in higher education at a conference of the International Association of Universities. It addresses key issues around distinguishing internationalization from homogenizing globalization. Recommendations include universities taking initiative in internationalization rather than reacting to market forces, developing clear internationalization policies, ensuring quality of internationalization processes, and promoting partnership and intercultural competence among global citizens. There was debate around whether internationalization curriculum should prepare experts in fields or not prescribe details, and whether having the same curriculum abroad is internationalization or globalization.
This document provides information on 6 parallel workshops being held on July 17th from 11:00 to 12:30 as part of Series B.
1. The first workshop will discuss lessons learned from an OECD study on how higher education institutions contribute to regional development, focusing on rapidly developing economies and city regions.
2. The second workshop will analyze how existing or new institutional governance structures and management practices respond to accountability and risk management requirements in the context of increased institutional autonomy.
3. The third workshop will introduce the newly launched UNESCO-World Bank Initiative for Quality Assurance Capacity and allow participants to discuss its objectives and achievements.
4. The fourth workshop will examine key characteristics of universities
This document provides information about 8 parallel workshops that will take place on Thursday July 17 from 11:00 to 12:30 as part of a series.
The workshops will cover the following topics:
1) The role of universities in regional development.
2) Accountability and risk management with increased institutional autonomy.
3) International cooperation for quality assurance capacity building.
4) Emerging opportunities and challenges in cross-border higher education.
5) The impact of open education resources based on research.
6) Teaching and learning for cultural diversity locally and globally.
7) National strategies and international trends in global student mobility.
8) The future of research in higher education.
This document discusses migration, globalization, and contemporary education. It provides definitions and concepts related to migration, including that migration can be permanent, temporary, or seasonal, and may be due to economic, social, political, or environmental factors. Migrants often leave their home country to improve their productive skills. Migration can indirectly impact education through remittances funding education or success stories creating incentives for further education. Globalization is defined as the increasing interaction and integration between people, companies, and governments globally. Global education aims to help students see themselves as global citizens and participants in a single global system. It emphasizes understanding other cultures, history, geography, and global issues. Comparative examples discuss international education policies and initiatives in countries like the
MA International Education University of Bath assignment (Education in and International Context).
In this assignment I have tried to propose an original idea for helping schools define and measure the degree to which they demonstrate the values of international education.
This document discusses the origins and evolution of the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme. It began in the 1960s as a way to provide internationally mobile students with a globally recognized university entrance qualification. The IB was influenced by early visionaries who sought to develop critical thinking skills and foster international mindedness through an international education. The IB Diploma Programme focuses on three core components - an extended essay, theory of knowledge course, and creativity, action, and service - in addition to its academic rigor, to prepare students for success in higher education and beyond.
AEC 3180: Global Governance and Educational ChangeArif Anwar
This document provides an overview of a doctoral seminar course on global governance and educational change. The course has five primary goals: to orient students to theoretical perspectives on globalization and changes to world order; to introduce key international organizations and actors involved in education; to look at the influence of international actors on educational policies and practices; to familiarize students with research methods for studying international education politics; and to stimulate debate about reforming global institutions in education. The course requirements include weekly readings, leading class discussions, a reflection paper, poster presentation, and 20-25 page research paper.
The document summarizes discussions from three symposia on the global dimensions of higher education held at Brandeis University between 2008-2010. The key topics discussed include: 1) The changing nature of academic traditions and research in the global age; 2) The growth of higher education systems worldwide and increasing competition for American universities; 3) Developing curricula and study abroad programs that foster intercultural competence in students. The symposia aimed to examine how globalization is impacting universities and explore new models of internationalization.
ArticleConceptualizing internationaleducation From inte.docxdavezstarr61655
Article
Conceptualizing international
education: From international
student to international study
Clare Madge
University of Leicester, UK
Parvati Raghuram
The Open University, UK
Pat Noxolo
The University of Sheffield, UK
Abstract
In a rapidly changing transnational eduscape, it is timely to consider how best to conceptualize international
education. Here we argue for a conceptual relocation from international student to international study as a
means to bridge the diverse literatures on international education. International study also enables recog-
nition of the multiple contributions (and resistances) of international students as agents of knowledge for-
mation; it facilitates consideration of the mobility of students in terms of circulations of knowledge; and it is a
means to acknowledge the complex spatialities of international education, in which students and educators
are emotionally and politically networked together through knowledge contributions.
Keywords
International study, mobile agents, circulations of knowledge, geographies of international education,
emotions
I Introduction: thinking beyond
‘international student’
as a category
Recent decades have seen a considerable
increase in the volume of ‘international’ stu-
dents worldwide;
1
the number of students
enrolled outside their country of citizenship
has seen a five-fold increase from 0.8 million
in 1975 to 4.1 million in 2010 (OECD, 2012).
This is a global phenomenon – UNESCO sta-
tistics suggest that virtually every country in
the world has experienced an expansion in the
number of international students in the first
decade of the 21st century (http://stats.uis.unes-
co.org/unesco). For instance, from 2003 to
2010 the number of international students in
Egypt grew from 27,158 to 49,011; in the
Czech Republic from 10,338 to 34,992; and in
the Republic of Korea from 7,843 to 59,194
Corresponding author:
Clare Madge, Department of Geography, University of
Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Progress in Human Geography
2015, Vol. 39(6) 681–701
ª The Author(s) 2014
Reprints and permission:
sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav
DOI: 10.1177/0309132514526442
phg.sagepub.com
http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco
http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco
http://www.sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav
http://phg.sagepub.com
(http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco, latest statis-
tics). However, it is the growth of international
students in the so-called major receiving coun-
tries (US, UK, Australia, New Zealand and
some European countries) that so far has
spurred most interest from the research commu-
nity – from scholars (Findlay et al., 2012; Waters
and Brooks, 2011), educational institutions (King
et al., 2010), think-tanks (Mulley and Sachrajda,
2011) and educational providers and policy-
makers (British Council, 2012; UKCISA, 2008).
This increase in international student num-
bers is part of a wider ‘transn.
Education reduces poverty in three main ways:
1. More educated people are more likely to get jobs and earn higher wages, making them less vulnerable to poverty.
2. While education alone does not directly cause economic growth, quality education improves a country's long-term growth prospects by generating human capital. This leads to more jobs and higher incomes.
3. Education, especially for girls, brings social benefits like lower fertility rates, better child health, and increased female labor force participation - all of which help to improve living standards for the poor.
Cecilia Tsui 2008 Higher Education Development: Quality, Relevance and ImpactCeciliaTsui42
The report summarizes a conference held by the OECD and IMHE in Paris on outcomes of higher education. Over 65 countries were represented at the conference. Sessions discussed topics like quality assurance measures, rankings, learning outcomes, societal needs, efficiency, and policy responses. The conference achieved its goals of information sharing, identifying best practices, and facilitating international cooperation. It provided a platform for reflection on issues in higher education. The changing global context is driving greater accountability and transparency in higher education outcomes. Globalization, technology, the knowledge economy, and massification of higher education have increased demands for outcome measures and quality assurance.
Examining the Curriculum Options in Dubai Schools.moeenali5423
Dubai's vibrant education sector offers a wide range of curriculum options for students, reflecting the city's diverse and multicultural population. Three prominent curriculum choices in Dubai Schools are the British, American, and International curricula.
The document summarizes details about the Conference of the Americas on International Education (CAIE). CAIE is an event that promotes international cooperation and best practices in higher education across the Americas. The summary discusses past CAIE events in Canada and Brazil, upcoming events in Mexico, and memorandums of understanding to formalize partnerships between higher education organizations across the Americas through CAIE.
The Impact of World University Rankings on Research and Curriculum Developmen...Leslie Chan
The talk identifies the impact of “world university rankings” on research and curriculum development, particularly for universities in the global South. It is argued that relevance of local research and community engagement are better indicators of ‘excellence’ in the university and we need to rethink assumptions behind "objective" indicators that are underlying most of the major world rankings. These rankings have the effect of rendering research from the developing world invisible and dictating curriculum development oriented towards market needs of the global North. Such rankings thus represent a form of social and cognitive exclusion and institution of higher education should strongly resist this agenda, and formulate other forms of "excellence" based on social inclusion and community engagement.
This document provides an overview of comparative education. It defines comparative education as a field of study that focuses on organized learning across international boundaries and utilizes comparative methods. Comparative education examines the education systems of one country using insights from other countries. It is offered as a course of study in many universities worldwide. The objectives of comparative education include describing education systems and processes, assisting education development, highlighting relationships between education and society, and establishing generalized statements about education. Key terms discussed include educational systems, international education, comparative analysis, comparative method, and investigator (comparative analyst).
The document summarizes eight parallel workshops that will take place on July 16th. Workshop 1 will discuss the role of higher education institutions in sustainable development. Workshop 2 will focus on strategies for internationalization that maximize benefits and minimize risks. Workshop 3 will examine policies and practices that promote equitable access and student retention. Workshop 4 will discuss public-private partnerships to increase higher education capacity. Workshop 5 will address changing models of institutional governance. Workshop 6 will look at the impact and future of the Bologna Process in Europe and beyond. Workshop 7 will explore the involvement of higher education in initiatives like Education for All and the Millennium Development Goals. Workshop 8 will debate how to create a higher education area built on solidarity between institutions globally
The document is a speech given by Christine Scholz of ESIB - The National Unions of Students in Europe at the International Association of Universities Conference on cross-border higher education.
The speech discusses [1] ESIB's role in representing over 10 million students across Europe, [2] the rationale for ESIB drafting a policy paper on transnational education in 2002 due to changes in higher education, and [3] the challenges of quality assurance, recognition and ensuring access when providing higher education across borders.
The document discusses cross-border higher education and an upcoming conference on the topic. The conference aims to: 1) examine trends in cross-border education; 2) discuss challenges it poses for universities and associations; and 3) determine concrete steps stakeholders can take to maximize benefits and minimize risks. The conference will explore how cross-border education impacts universities' work and raises new expectations, and what policies, strategies or actions are needed to manage it.
This document discusses cross-border higher education and an upcoming conference on the topic. [1] The conference aims to examine trends in cross-border education, discuss challenges it poses for universities and students, and determine concrete steps to maximize benefits and minimize risks. [2] It will focus on how cross-border education impacts university associations' work and raises new expectations. [3] The conference will also consider under what conditions cross-border education can optimally offer solutions while reconciling academic excellence, cost, and competition between stakeholders.
This document contains a single word - "GMA6PhotoAlbum" - which appears to be the title of an album or collection. In a very concise form, it relates to photos organized into an album potentially related to GMA6.
The Secretary General concludes the meeting by thanking the participants for their rich and productive conversation. She notes they focused on challenges and solutions for higher education to increase social innovation, including recognition in academia and interdisciplinarity. While some viewed universities negatively, discussions highlighted positive examples like supportive research funders in Canada and universities creating innovation labs. The diversity of participants enriched the discussions by providing contextual insights. All agreed new problems require new solutions and a paradigm shift is needed in learning, research and community engagement to better address social issues through social innovation. The Secretary General thanks all involved in organizing the successful meeting.
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This document provides information on 6 parallel workshops being held on July 17th from 11:00 to 12:30 as part of Series B.
1. The first workshop will discuss lessons learned from an OECD study on how higher education institutions contribute to regional development, focusing on rapidly developing economies and city regions.
2. The second workshop will analyze how existing or new institutional governance structures and management practices respond to accountability and risk management requirements in the context of increased institutional autonomy.
3. The third workshop will introduce the newly launched UNESCO-World Bank Initiative for Quality Assurance Capacity and allow participants to discuss its objectives and achievements.
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2) Accountability and risk management with increased institutional autonomy.
3) International cooperation for quality assurance capacity building.
4) Emerging opportunities and challenges in cross-border higher education.
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ArticleConceptualizing internationaleducation From inte.docxdavezstarr61655
Article
Conceptualizing international
education: From international
student to international study
Clare Madge
University of Leicester, UK
Parvati Raghuram
The Open University, UK
Pat Noxolo
The University of Sheffield, UK
Abstract
In a rapidly changing transnational eduscape, it is timely to consider how best to conceptualize international
education. Here we argue for a conceptual relocation from international student to international study as a
means to bridge the diverse literatures on international education. International study also enables recog-
nition of the multiple contributions (and resistances) of international students as agents of knowledge for-
mation; it facilitates consideration of the mobility of students in terms of circulations of knowledge; and it is a
means to acknowledge the complex spatialities of international education, in which students and educators
are emotionally and politically networked together through knowledge contributions.
Keywords
International study, mobile agents, circulations of knowledge, geographies of international education,
emotions
I Introduction: thinking beyond
‘international student’
as a category
Recent decades have seen a considerable
increase in the volume of ‘international’ stu-
dents worldwide;
1
the number of students
enrolled outside their country of citizenship
has seen a five-fold increase from 0.8 million
in 1975 to 4.1 million in 2010 (OECD, 2012).
This is a global phenomenon – UNESCO sta-
tistics suggest that virtually every country in
the world has experienced an expansion in the
number of international students in the first
decade of the 21st century (http://stats.uis.unes-
co.org/unesco). For instance, from 2003 to
2010 the number of international students in
Egypt grew from 27,158 to 49,011; in the
Czech Republic from 10,338 to 34,992; and in
the Republic of Korea from 7,843 to 59,194
Corresponding author:
Clare Madge, Department of Geography, University of
Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Progress in Human Geography
2015, Vol. 39(6) 681–701
ª The Author(s) 2014
Reprints and permission:
sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav
DOI: 10.1177/0309132514526442
phg.sagepub.com
http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco
http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco
http://www.sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav
http://phg.sagepub.com
(http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco, latest statis-
tics). However, it is the growth of international
students in the so-called major receiving coun-
tries (US, UK, Australia, New Zealand and
some European countries) that so far has
spurred most interest from the research commu-
nity – from scholars (Findlay et al., 2012; Waters
and Brooks, 2011), educational institutions (King
et al., 2010), think-tanks (Mulley and Sachrajda,
2011) and educational providers and policy-
makers (British Council, 2012; UKCISA, 2008).
This increase in international student num-
bers is part of a wider ‘transn.
Education reduces poverty in three main ways:
1. More educated people are more likely to get jobs and earn higher wages, making them less vulnerable to poverty.
2. While education alone does not directly cause economic growth, quality education improves a country's long-term growth prospects by generating human capital. This leads to more jobs and higher incomes.
3. Education, especially for girls, brings social benefits like lower fertility rates, better child health, and increased female labor force participation - all of which help to improve living standards for the poor.
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The document summarizes eight parallel workshops that will take place on July 16th. Workshop 1 will discuss the role of higher education institutions in sustainable development. Workshop 2 will focus on strategies for internationalization that maximize benefits and minimize risks. Workshop 3 will examine policies and practices that promote equitable access and student retention. Workshop 4 will discuss public-private partnerships to increase higher education capacity. Workshop 5 will address changing models of institutional governance. Workshop 6 will look at the impact and future of the Bologna Process in Europe and beyond. Workshop 7 will explore the involvement of higher education in initiatives like Education for All and the Millennium Development Goals. Workshop 8 will debate how to create a higher education area built on solidarity between institutions globally
The document is a speech given by Christine Scholz of ESIB - The National Unions of Students in Europe at the International Association of Universities Conference on cross-border higher education.
The speech discusses [1] ESIB's role in representing over 10 million students across Europe, [2] the rationale for ESIB drafting a policy paper on transnational education in 2002 due to changes in higher education, and [3] the challenges of quality assurance, recognition and ensuring access when providing higher education across borders.
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Similar to Alex. bd higher education across borders a select bibliography french (20)
This document contains a single word - "GMA6PhotoAlbum" - which appears to be the title of an album or collection. In a very concise form, it relates to photos organized into an album potentially related to GMA6.
The Secretary General concludes the meeting by thanking the participants for their rich and productive conversation. She notes they focused on challenges and solutions for higher education to increase social innovation, including recognition in academia and interdisciplinarity. While some viewed universities negatively, discussions highlighted positive examples like supportive research funders in Canada and universities creating innovation labs. The diversity of participants enriched the discussions by providing contextual insights. All agreed new problems require new solutions and a paradigm shift is needed in learning, research and community engagement to better address social issues through social innovation. The Secretary General thanks all involved in organizing the successful meeting.
This document summarizes the findings of a global study on organizational structures that support community-university research partnerships (CURPs). The study included a global survey of 336 respondents from 53 countries as well as 12 case studies. Key findings include that most higher education institutions have created structures to support CURPs in the last 10 years, but there is still a large variation in how CURPs are conceptualized and practiced globally. National policies that explicitly include community engagement and research in higher education tend to encourage the institutionalization of CURPs. Specific funding programs and knowledge-sharing platforms at the national level also help strengthen CURPs. While many countries have made progress, true co-creation of knowledge and accountability to communities is still lacking in most partnerships.
This document contains the opening remarks from the Secretary General of the International Association of Universities (IAU) at the 6th Global Meeting of Associations. The Secretary General welcomed participants and thanked partners for hosting the event in Montreal. Originally planned for Accra, Ghana, the meeting was relocated due to Ebola and the theme was changed to "Social Innovation". Over the two-day event, participants will discuss the role of universities and associations in social innovation through case studies and panels on defining social innovation, measuring impact, and engaging stakeholders. The Secretary General emphasized that while technology is important, social problems require social solutions and universities are well-positioned to contribute through learning, research, and outreach.
Rémi Quirion, Chief Scientist of Québec, discusses social innovation and the future of higher education. As Chief Scientist, he advises the government on research strategy and chairs boards that fund intersectoral research on major societal challenges. The three Fonds de recherche du Québec support research, training, and knowledge mobilization. Examples of knowledge mobilization centers focus on social issues. The FRQ also supports innovative social practices through strategic clusters, research teams, and Actions concertées programs that foster co-creation with partners. Looking ahead, Quirion suggests increasing social innovation training and focusing research on challenges like demographic changes, the labor market, sustainability, and measuring social impact. Key will be
This document discusses measuring the impact of higher education on social innovation. It notes that while impact has become a popular concept, universities have always aimed to serve society. Measuring impact is challenging as it involves both qualitative and quantitative factors. The workshop will discuss how higher education contributes to social innovation and how this is currently being measured and monitored within universities and their effects on society. The impact of universities is complex and involves things like research, teaching, culture, projects and generating trust.
The document summarizes a citizens' agenda for science, technology and innovation organized by UDUAL and various Mexican universities and government institutions. It describes a national consultation process held in Mexico from 2012-2013 that allowed citizens to vote on and discuss 10 proposed challenges. The top 3 voted challenges were to modernize education, ensure clean drinking water, and improve environmental protection. Over 70 organizations participated in the initiative. Following the consultation, 10 volumes of analysis and solutions were published. A university contest was also held asking students to propose innovative projects addressing the 10 challenges. The overall goals were to increase citizen participation in science policy and promote social innovation.
The document discusses social innovation at Kenyatta University in Kenya. It defines social innovation as novel solutions to socio-economic challenges. The benefits of social innovation include social outcomes like inclusion, education, and health, as well as workplace benefits like productivity and improved services. Universities can promote social innovation through programs, labs, and developing leaders to solve challenges. Kenyatta University engages in several social innovation initiatives including a business incubation center, funeral home, legal aid clinic, supporting orphans, student work programs, and building a teaching hospital. It emphasizes the importance of partnerships, leadership, and institutionalizing creativity to promote social innovation.
The document discusses social innovation and transformative change in higher education. It argues that social innovation often ignores power imbalances and fails to build community capacity for change. True social change requires higher education to challenge injustice, environmental degradation, and inequality through transformative knowledge that values multiple ways of knowing. It calls for universities to form equal partnerships with communities and social movements to co-create knowledge aimed at sustainable, inclusive development. The document recommends that higher education educate citizens committed to ethical values and social responsibility by linking teaching, research, and engagement to real-world problems through participatory learning.
The document discusses the establishment of the Inter-American Network of Co-Laboratories in Social Innovation (REDICIS) by the Inter-American Organization for Higher Education (IOHE). REDICIS aims to encourage knowledge sharing and partnerships between higher education institutions working in social innovation. It currently includes 14 universities and 5 organizations across 9 countries in the Americas. The network seeks to consolidate reference centers for social innovation, develop training in the field, and support decision-making around measuring, evaluating, and funding social innovation initiatives.
The document discusses social innovation at the University of Gothenburg. It notes that global challenges require new solutions and universities are well-positioned partners. The University of Gothenburg has strong interdisciplinary research and education, a focus on sustainable development, and a history of stakeholder collaboration. It provides support for social innovation projects that address societal problems through knowledge and are sustainable over time. An example success story is the University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-centred Care, which improved patient care while reducing costs through interdisciplinary research. Challenges include understanding societal problems and increasing investment in certain fields of study.
This document discusses social innovation and its relationship to social impact. It explores how social innovation can drive systemic change through four elements: being purpose driven, viewed as a new phenomenon, led by communities, and through developing equipped ecosystems. The document also examines challenges and perspectives for social innovation in higher education, including the need for theoretical and practical knowledge, motivation, transdisciplinary work, and strategic development. Finally, it poses questions about how institutions can transition towards new collaborations and whether they are currently part of the problem or solution regarding social innovation.
The document discusses measuring the impact of social innovation. It makes three key points:
1. Measuring the impact of social innovation is challenging due to its complex, long-term nature and dependence on social contexts.
2. Universities should better support the evaluation of social innovation through monitoring inputs/outputs, using relevant indicators, and developing new evaluation models like developmental evaluation.
3. Networks like OLTIS, CLT, and RQIS in Quebec help catalyze social innovation and support its evaluation through knowledge transfer between researchers and communities.
The document summarizes the 6th Global Meeting of Associations held in Montreal from 6-8 May 2015. It discusses GUNi's membership network and projects focusing on analyzing the dual responsibilities of universities at local and global scales. Key areas of focus include identifying best practices for universities to improve social, cultural, and economic impact locally and globally while addressing conflicts between local/global demands. International expert working groups will be formed among UNESCO chairs and city-university partnerships to test frameworks in Catalonia and make recommendations.
The document discusses social innovation, specifically regarding drone technology. It notes that drones have promising economic and social applications, and their use could create significant economic opportunities. However, several challenges around regulation, safety, privacy, and public acceptance must be overcome to realize the benefits of drone technology. Social innovation requires collaboration between government, academia, the private sector, and communities. Government can play various roles in supporting social innovation from regulating to enabling to endorsing.
The document discusses social innovation and its place in higher education for sustainability. It defines sustainability as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. Social innovation moves from an unsustainable model of separate disciplines to a transdisciplinary approach that provides a more comprehensive understanding. Higher education needs to become more future-oriented, challenge existing approaches, and focus on community through practices like social innovation to work toward a more balanced and sustainable model.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Alex. bd higher education across borders a select bibliography french
1. D. Enseignement supérieur au-delà des frontières :
une bibliographie
Intoduction
Cette bibliographie a été préparée à partir de la Base de données bibliographique internationale de
l’AIU sur l’Enseignement supérieur (HEDBIB). HEDBIB est une base de données intégrée qui
comprend plus de 30 000 ouvrages sur les tendances et les développements mondiaux dans
l’enseignement supérieur. L’AIU gère la base de données mais le contenu est le fruit de coopé-
ration et d’échanges de publications entre l’AIU et les centres de documentation internatio-
naux et régionaux de l’UNESCO ainsi que plusieurs organisations nationales et régionales
d’enseignement supérieur. HEDBIB couvre la période allant de 1988 à nos jours.
En préparant la bibliographie, nous avons mis l’accent sur les publications des établissements
et des associations membres de l’AIU, du réseau croissant des Affiliés de l’AIU et de nos
PARTIE II. DOCUMENTS DE REFERENCE
partenaires HEDBIB.
Les ouvrages inclus dans la bibliographie correspondent aux thèmes et aux sujets de la confé-
rence. Ils servent aussi à structurer la bibliographie autour de quatre Sections. 1ère Section
Enseignement supérieur au-delà des frontières : problèmes généraux et tendances. Cette section
couvre la logique de l’expansion de l’enseignement supérieur au-delà des frontières, ses formes
multiples, les risques et les opportunités. 2ème Section met l’accent sur les problèmes d’évaluation,
de l’assurance, de l’amélioration de la qualité et de l’accréditation, alors que la 3ème Section
traite davantage des cadres et de la régulation des politiques – la nécessité de cette régulation,
les manières de gérer l’éducation au-delà des frontières ; la discussion des différents cadres poli-
tiques et l’implication des partenaires. Enfin, la 4ème Section relie l’enseignement supérieur au-
delà des frontières au thème général de la Mondialisation d’une part et du commerce de l’éduca-
tion et l’AGCS de l’autre. Elle comprend quelques-uns des nombreux ouvrages qui analysent le
développement du marché comme force motrice de l’enseignement supérieur au-delà des frontiè-
res et le problème connexe des règles commerciales dans les services de l’éducation.
Cette bibliographie comprend principalement les ouvrages de la période 2000-2005 bien que
d’autres ouvrages de la période précédente soient également inclus. Seuls des ouvrages en langue
anglaise ont été choisis. Les ouvrages dans d’autres langues se trouvent dans la Base de
données HEDBIB.
I. Cross-border higher education – General Issues and Trends
African Universities in the Twenty-first Century: Liberalisation and Internationalisation
[v1]; Knowledge and Society [v2]
Tiyambe Zeleza; Ed.; Olukoshi, Adebayo; Ed. / Council for the Development of Social Science
Research in Africa [CODESRIA][Senegal].-- Dakar, 2004. 2 vol. [332p.+ 350p.].
ISBN: 2-86978-124-5; 2-86978-125-3
CONTENTS: Part I: Liberalization and privatization; Part II: Technology and Academic Exchanges; Part III:
Knowledge production and dissemination; Part IV: State, society and struggles.
Atlas of Student Mobility
Davis, Todd M. / Institute of International Education [USA].-- New York, NY, 2003. 104 p. ISBN:0-87206-272-4
ABSTRACT: The Atlas of Student Mobility contains national flow data for 21 leading global destination countries for
international students, as well as data tables on the 75 most important places of origin for internationally mobile
students.
Building capacity through cross-border tertiary education
Vincent-Lancrin, Stéphan / Observatory on Borderless Higher Education [UK].-- London, 2005. 23 p. (Report)
70
ABSTRACT: While several OECD countries compete to attract foreign students, some pioneering emerging economies
2. show that an innovative strategy for the import of cross-border education can form part of a national strategy for capacity
building. Could this be a suitable model for developing countries to build capacity intertiary education, and more generally,
to enhance economic development? This paper argues that this is the case: using cross-border education to build capacity
could be an effective strategy, especially when it is accompanied by appropriate policies and regulatory frameworks. Once
an overall strategy for capacity building in education is in place as part of a national capacity building strategy, countries
should examine how tertiary (and more broadly post-secondary) education fits into this. A subsequent question concerns
whether cross-border tertiary education could play a role in achieving the objectives of this strategy, and, if so, which. This
paper does not offer definitive answers, as these issues are closely connected to the local context of each country. However,
possible answers are explored and an attempt to illustrate the mechanisms that may link cross-border education to capacity
building are made.
The changing face of transnational education: moving education-not learners [Theme issue]
(Le Visage changeant de l'enseignement transnational: délocalisation de l'enseignement et
non pas des apprenants)
UNESCO European Centre for Higher Education [CEPES][Romania].-- In: Higher Education in Europe, vol. 24,
no. 2, 1999. ISSN: 0379-7724
CONTENTS: I. Crisis and Opportunity in Transnational Education -- The disintegration of industry (L.Chipman);
Diverting a crisis in global human and economic development: a new transnational model for lifelong continuous lear-
ning and personal knowledge management (L.R.Alley); The accelerating speed of change and its impact on education
(G.R.Jones); Changes in the Singapore University student demand since the currency crash (M.A.Patton); Assuring qua-
lity distance learning programmes: the emergence of a new faculty (A.R.Savage); Transnational factors influencing the
establishment of educational standards for professional licensure (J.A.Mirone); Transnational education - competition or
complementary: the case of Hong Kong (N.J.French) II. Economics, Culture, Politics, and Transnational Education --
PARTIE II. DOCUMENTS DE REFERENCE
Culture and politics (H.M.Fulbright); Distance education for indigenous minorities in developing communities
(M.Valadian); The value of a Core Business in Vietnam: 1993-1998 (J.Pidgeon and P. Di Virgilio); III. Innovation and
Transnational Education -- Global education: thinking creatively (D.G.Oblinger); Academic integrity in electronic uni-
versities of the new millennium: a practitioner's perspective (C.Gray and G.Salmon); Embarking on an educational jour-
ney - the establishment of the first foreign full university campus in Malaysia under the 1996 education acts: a
Malaysian-Australian case study (M.Banks and G.McBurnie); Compulsory schooling - the critical dimension to work
and learning in the new millennium (D.Mannix); A new model for the new media-international university: the univer-
sity of the Web (P.Pease); Marketing theory and practice on-line: a development towards international collaboration
(F.Farrelly, S.Joy and S.Luxton); IV Transnational Education and the Quality Imperative -- Managing quality assurance
.
in higher education: a Scottish example (G.Gordon); Graduate capabilities: a framework for assessing course quality
(G.Hart, J.Bowden and J.Watters); Quality faculty: the key to ensuring successful transnational education offerings in
Southeast Asia (H.L.Patton).
Cross-border higher education: an analysis of current trends, policy strategies and future
scenarios
Larsen, Kurt; Momii, Keiko; Vincent-Lancrin, Stéphan / Observatory on Borderless Higher Education [UK].--
London, 2004. 20 p. (Report)
ABSTRACT: Cross-border higher education has increased over the last two decades. What might the area of cross-bor-
der higher education look like 10 to 20 years from now? This paper analyses trends in different forms of cross-border
higher education: student mobility and programme and institution mobility. It describes four policy approaches to cross-
border higher education: mutual understanding; skilled migration; revenue-generating; and capacity building. It also dis-
cusses the policy instruments that countries use to implement these approaches. Finally, it presents three future scenarios
for cross-border higher education: the Status quo scenario; the Competition scenario; and the Emerging economies sce-
nario. These scenarios could stimulate debates within the higher education community about the preferred direction on
cross-border higher education.
The Frontiers of Borderless Education [Theme issue]
Middlehurst, Robin; Ed..-- In: Minerva, vol. 39, no. 1, 2001. ISSN: 0026-4695
CONTENTS: University challenges: borderless higher education, today and tomorrow (R.Middlehurst); Borderless
higher education in continental Europe (J.L.Davies); Markets for ‘Borderless education’ (J.Fielden); Borderless higher
education: challenges to regulation, accreditation and intellectual property rights (D.J.Farrington); Managing the chan-
ging nature of teaching and learning (S.Bjarnason); The Coming challenge: private competition in English higher edu-
cation (R.Garret); Higher education as a business: lessons from the corporate world (Y.Ryan).
Global Student Mobility 2025: Forecasts of the global demand for international higher education
Böhm, A.; Davis, D.; Meares, D.; Pearce, D. / IDP Education Australia.-- Sydney, 2002.
115 p. – ISBN: 0-86403-044-4
ABSTRACT: IDP predicts a four-fold increase in the demand for international higher education worldwide by 2025.
The key source markets will change - five of the current leading markets will no longer be in the top ten by 2025. How
will destination countries and institutions respond to a massive surge in demand? To what extent is higher education pre-
pared for the opportunities and implications of this?
Global Student Mobility: Analysis of global competition and market share
Böhm, Anthony; Meares, Denis; Pearce, David; Follari, Marcelo; Hewett, Andrew / IDP Education Australia.--
71
3. Sydney, 2003. 131 p. ISBN: 0-86403-053-3
ABSTRACT: If the perception of the quality of US education increases in Asia, what will be the impact on Australia's
share of the global demand for international higher education? How do affordability, lifestyle and education accessibi-
lity impact on Australia's market share? To answer these questions, IDP Education Australia has developed the world's
first discrete choice model for forecasting the market share of the major English speaking destination countries for inter-
national students.
Higher education and the Nation-State: the international dimension of higher education
Huisman, Jeroen; Ed.; Maassen, Peter; Ed.; Neave, Guy; Ed. / International Association of Universities.-- Oxford,
Pergamon. IAU Press, 2001. 237 p. (Issues in Higher Education) - ISBN: 0080427901
CONTENTS: Europe: the pioneer or the exception. (J.Huisman,P.Maassen and G.Neave); The European dimension in
higher education: an excursion into the modern use of historical analogues (G.Neave); The Changing context of coor-
dination in higher education: the Federal-state experience in the United States (D.D.Dill); The Role and position of
research and doctoral training in the European Union (A.Ruberti); Higher education in the process of European inte-
gration, globalizing economies and mobility of students and staff (A.Amaral); 'Our' Colleges of Post-compulsory
Education: observations on a Subdued debate (F.van Wieringen); The Higher education policy of the European Union:
with or against the Member States? (K.De Wit and J.Verhoeven).
Higher Education in a Changing Environment: Internationalisation of higher education
policy in Europe
Wächter, Bernd; Ed. / Academic Cooperation Association [ACA].-- Bonn, Lemmens, 2004. 111 p. (ACA Papers on
International Cooperation in Education) ISBN: 3-932306-55-4
PARTIE II. DOCUMENTS DE REFERENCE
CONTENTS: From regional integration to global outreach. The education policies of the European Commission
(D.Coyne); Internationalisation in the age of globalisation: competition or cooperation? (P.Scott); Outlooks for the inter-
national higher education community in constructing the global knowledge society (D.Van Damme); The many faces of
knowledge transfer and mobility (U.Teichler); Internationalisation at home (H.Teekens); Development cooperation: yes-
terday's paradigm? (U.Lie); The love of quality assurance: academic masochism as a way of life? (T.Kälvemark); Lifelong
learning: old wine in new bottles? (B.Dylander); Transnational education - an overrated phenomenon? (A.Szucs); It is
not a pond (A.E Goodman); Internationalisation as seen from "downunder" (L.Hyam).
Internationalisation and Trade in Higher Education: Opportunities and challenges
OECD.-- Paris, 2004. 317 p. ISBN: 92-64-01504-3
ABSTRACT: This book provides an fairly comprehensive overview of what cross-border higher education stands for
and of the challenges and dangers that it can entail. It presents Cross-border post-secondary education in North
America, Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. Key developments and policy rationales in cross-border post-secondary
education are described and implications of recent developments for access and equity, cost and funding, quality and
capacity building are further analysed.
Internationalisation of Indian Higher Education
Powar, K.B.; Ed. / Association of Indian Universities.-- New Delhi, 2001. 200 p. ISBN: 81-7520-066-9
MEETING: Roundtable. Mysore, 2001.
ABSTRACT: An important development of the nineties of the last century has been the large-scale internationaliza-
tion of higher education. This has taken three forms: the incoming of foreign students, the development of institutional
linkages, and the ‘export of education’ through franchise or distance education programmes. India, unfortunately, has
been slow to respond to the challenges of internationalization. The Association of Indian Universities organised a
Roundtable to discuss the different issues related to the Internationalisation of Indian Higher Education. The papers
are presented in this publication. The recommendations of the Roundtable are given in the form of a ‘Mysore
Statement’.
Internationalisation policies: about new trends and contrasting paradigms
Van der Wende, Marijk C. / International Association of Universities [IAU].-- IN: Higher Education Policy, vol. 14,
no. 3, pp. 249-259, 2001 - ISSN: 0952-8733
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this publication is to analyze the contrast between the two main paradigms that gear
internationalization processes in higher education internationalization, competition and cooperation, and to address
questions related to the role and position of continental European higher education as compared to that of some Anglo-
Saxon countries that are leading in the global higher education market.
Internationalization of Higher Education in the United States of America and Europe: A
historical, comparative, and conceptual analysis
De Wit, Hans / Westport, CT and London, Greenwood Press, 2002. 270 p. (Greenwood Studies in Higher
Education) ISBN: 0-313-32075-6
ABSTRACT: Internationalization of higher education can be defined as the process of integrating an
international/intercultural dimension into the teaching, research, and service functions of the institution. This compre-
hensive analysis describes and compares the historical development of the internationalization of higher education in
the United States and Europe, as well as providing a comparative and conceptual analysis of the current situation in the
field. The increasingly international focus of higher education is dialectically related to the present globalization and
72
4. regionalization of our societies and markets. As a result, the importance of quality assessment of internationalization
strategies has grown, international academic consortia and networks have emerged, and English has been firmly esta-
blished as the language of communication in higher education.The combination of historical, comparative, and concep-
tual analysis of internationalization of higher education provides a framework for further research and practice of this
important trend in higher education. First, the book describes and compares the historical development of internatio-
nalization in higher education in both the United States and Europe. In part two, the political, economic, social/cultu-
ral and academic rationales for the internationalization of higher education are described and a critical analysis of the
different meanings and definitions, as well as organization models and strategies are provided. In the last section, inter-
nationalization of higher education is placed in the context of recent globalization.
Internationalization of Higher Education Practices and Priorities: 2003 IAU survey report
Knight, Jane / International Association of Universities [IAU].-- Paris, 2003. 25 p. ISBN: 92-9002-171-3
ABSTRACT: This report presents the findings of the 2003 IAU Survey on Internationalization. The survey generated
an enormous amount of useful information on practices, priorities, issues and trends related to the international dimen-
sion of higher education in institutions in 66 countries in every region of the world. Issues and questions raised by res-
pondents having important implications for policy and program development at national, regional and international
levels are further analysed in the IAU 2005 Survey, which will be published in early 2006.
Internationalization of higher education in an era of globalization: a question of balance
Egron-Polak, Eva / Asociación Mexicana para la Educación Internacional [AMPEI].-- In: Educación Global, no. 7,
pp. 157-169, 2003.
ABSTRACT: The paper examines some of the current issues surrounding internationalization of higher education star-
ting with a brief discussion of definitions. It highlights the various ways in which the International Association of
PARTIE II. DOCUMENTS DE REFERENCE
Universities has addressed the issue of internationalization, and underlines the changing context in which HEIs develop
their approaches to internationalization. This context and the importance of internationalization provide the framework
within which strategies are being designed and the difficult balancing act that this may entail is also discussed. A num-
ber of key challenges and some of the long-term risks facing HEIs are set out.
Internationalization of Higher Learning: Concepts, Opportunities, Challenges, Benefits and
Issues
Association of Universities of Asia and the Pacific [AUAP].-- 2002. 159pp.
MEETING: AUAP Learning and Sharing Forum. 9th. Kai Feng, China [Henan U.], 2002.
Internationalization remodeled: definition, approaches, and rationales
Knight, Jane / Association for Studies in International Education [USA].-- In: Journal of Studies in International
Education, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 5-31, 2004.
ABSTRACT: The world of higher education and the world in which higher education plays a significant role is chan-
ging. The international dimension of higher education is becoming increasingly important, complex, and confusing. It
is therefore timely to reexamine and update the conceptual frameworks underpinning the notion of internationalization
in light of today’s changes and challenges. The purpose of this article is to study internationalization at both the insti-
tutional and national/sector level. Both levels are important. The national/sector level has an important influence on
the international dimension through policy, funding, programs, and regulatory frameworks. Yet it is usually at the insti-
tutional level that the real process of internationalization is taking place. This article analyses the meaning, definition,
rationales, and approaches of internationalization using a bottom-up (institutional) approach and a top-down (natio-
nal/sector) approach and examines the dynamic relationship between these two levels. Key policy issues and questions
for the future direction of internationalization are identified.
Key Trends and Issues in Cross-border Post-Secondary Education
OECD.-- Paris, 2004. 250 p. ISBN: 9264015043
The Multinational University
Van Rooijen; Jones, David R.; Adam, Stephen / European Association for International Education [EAIE].--
Amsterdam, 2003. 50p. (EAIE Occasional Paper) ISBN: 90-74721-19-2
CONTENTS: The emergence of global and multinational universities; The multinational university; Multinational uni-
versities and the provision of transnational education in Europe.
OECD/US Forum on Trade in Educational Services
OECD; World Bank; Center for Quality Assurance in International Education [USA].-- Washington DC, 2002.
ISBN: 0970007205
On Cooperation and Competition: National and European policies for the internationalisation
of higher education
Huisman, Jeroen; Ed.; Van der Wende, Marijk; Ed. / Academic Cooperation Association [ACA].-- Bonn, Lemmens,
2004. 280 p. (ACA Papers on International Cooperation in Education) ISBN: 3-932306-54-6
ABSTRACT: This is the second report of the study on Higher Education Institutions' Responses to Europeanisation,
Internationalisation and Globalisation. Developing International Activities in a Multi-level Policy Context. "HEIGLO"
is a research project funded by the European Union and coordinated by the Centre for Higher Education Policy Studies,
University of Twente. It aims to analyse the dynamic interaction between changing international, European and global
73
5. contexts of higher education. More in particular, it aims to identify and analyse higher education institutions' responses
to the challenges of Europeanisation, internationalisation and globalisation and the (supra)national contexts, the orga-
nisational settings, and the policies and activities aimed to support these responses.
Open doors 2004: report on international educational exchange
Institute of International Education [IEE][USA].-- New York, 2004. 96 p. - ISBN: 0-87206-281-3
ABSTRACT: This report provides a comprehensive statistical analysis of academic mobility between the United States
and the nations of the world. Open Doors features graphic displays, especially data maps, tables, figures and to-the-point
policy-oriented analysis. A complete set of tables in this book is the essential resource for those concerned with the explo-
sive growth in the worldwide movement of students around the globe.
Opening Up to the Wider World: The External dimension of the Bologna process
Muche, Franziska; Ed. / Academic Cooperation Association [ACA][Belgium].-- Bonn, Lemmens, 2005. 135 p.
(ACA Papers on International Cooperation in Education) - ISBN: 3-932306-67-8
ABSTRACT: The Bologna Process stands for the European integration process in the field of higher education. The
progress achieved so far within the Bologna member states is admirable, however, a concentration on internal processes
can only be a first step towards becoming a global actor. The Bologna declaration formulates the objective of enhan-
cing the attractiveness of European higher education on a global scale, and this statement has been repeated and refi-
ned since 1999. But is the implementation of Bologna really making Europe more attractive and transparent, and if so,
how? The present volume addresses these issues. The papers in this publication are based on the presentations delive-
red at an ACA conference held in Hamburg, Germany, in 2004.
The Virtual Challenge to International Cooperation in Higher Education
PARTIE II. DOCUMENTS DE REFERENCE
Wächter, Bernd; Ed. / Academic Cooperation Association [ACA][Belgium].-- Bonn, Lemmens, 2002. 119 p. ISBN:
3-932306-40-6
ABSTRACT: The IT revolution is reshaping higher education. Already, there are predictions of the death of the "brick-
and-mortar" university, soon to be replaced by online "click" or "virtual" institutions. Even if this expectation should turn
out to be exaggerated, the IT drive will eventually bring about major changes. One affected area could be the interna-
tionalisation of higher education. Will online learning replace traditional international activities in the future, such as
study or teaching in another country? And will it be necessary to internationalise the content and format of curricula in
the future if students can tap into programmes from all over the globe via the Internet? International experts explored
these and related questions in a seminar the Academic Cooperation Association (ACA) and the Norwegian Centre for
International University Cooperation (SIU) held in the summer of 2001. This publication presents the seminar's major
outcomes.
II. Quality Assessment, Assurance, Enhancement and Accreditation
The international dimension in quality assessment and quality assurance
Vroeijenstijn, A. I..-- In: Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 237-248, 1999. ISSN:
9260-2938
ABSTRACT: Many countries are working on the design of an external quality assessment agency for higher education.
Such an agency has to fulfill national needs and expectations. However, higher education is as such international in
scope. This paper draws attention to the need for internationalization of quality assessment. The national frontiers are
too narrow for validating our standards. Looking at the situation in Europe, the author discusses the need for a European
dimension and makes a proposal for a European Centre for Substantial Equivalence. In the future a European or inter-
national quality hallmark will play an important role in student, staff and employees mobility.
International Quality Assurance, Accreditation and the Recognition of Qualifications in
Higher Education "Widening Access to Quality Higher Education"
UNESCO.-- Paris, 2004.
MEETING: UNESCO Global Forum. 2nd. Paris, 2004.
ABSTRACT: Capacity building in quality assurance, accreditation and the recognition of qualifications: regional inputs
towards a UNESCO strategy; Accra Declaration on GATS and the internationalization of higher education in Africa;
A Survey on quality assurance systems in Mega-Universities and selected distance teaching institutions; Student quality,
literacy and empowerment (P.Naidoo); Final report First Global Forum on Quality Assurance, Accreditation and the
Recognition of Qualifications: Recommendations and conclusions; Trade in higher education and GATS basics
(Z.Varoglu); Strengthening World Bank support for quality assurance and accreditation in higher education in East Asia
and the Pacific (M.Peace Lenn); "Higher education in a globalized society". UNESCO Education Sector position paper
2003.
International quality review: values, opportunities, and issues
Van Damme, Dirk; Marginson, Simon; Singh, Mala / Council for Higher Education Accreditation [CHEA][USA].--
Washington,DC, 2002. 52 p. (CHEA Occasional Paper)
ABSTACT: This Occasional Paper brings together the three major papers presented at the Council for Higher
Education Accreditation’s 2002 International Seminar. These papers explore some of the key issues in international qua-
74 lity review: Quality Assurance in an International Environment: National and International Interests and Tensions (Dirk
6. Van Damme, VLIR-Flemish Interuniversity Council, Belgium); Quality Assurance for Distance Learning: Issues for
International Discussion and Action (Simon Marginson, Monash Centre for Research in International Education,
Australia); International Quality Assurance, Ethics, and the Market: A View from a Developing Country (Mala Singh,
Council on Higher Education, South Africa).
Internationalisation and Quality in South African Universities
Smout, Michael / South African Universities Vice Chancellors Association [SAUVCA].-- Pretoria, 2004. 92 p.
ISBN: 0-620-31578-4
ABSTRACT: The main debate within South African higher education over the past few years has focused on transfor-
mation and restructuring. However, the sector needs to look beyond mergers and ask what kind of higher education is
best suited to the needs of South Africans over the next decade. Central to this question is the process of internationa-
lisation – the integration of an international, intercultural or global dimension into the purposes, functions and delivery
of higher education. This report, which has its origins in a workshop of the SAUVCA National Quality Assurance
Forum, does not advocate a case in favour of internationalisation per se, but it does recommend that higher education
institutions and sectoral bodies such as SAUVCA be fully informed of the nature of the process and its likely impact on
South African institutions.
A National Quality Strategy for Australian Transnational Education and Training. A
Discussion paper
Australia. Dept of Education, Science and Training.-- Canberra, 2005. 50 p. - ISBN: 1-920911-138
ABSTRACT: The major focus of this discussion paper is courses leading to qualifications on the Australian
Qualifications Framework, rather than non-award courses. It discusses the transnational quality strategy that is to be
developed in close consultation with States and Territories, providers, industry associations, staff and student represen-
PARTIE II. DOCUMENTS DE REFERENCE
tative organisations, and other stakeholders and in particular what national quality strategy or transnational education
will be developed by Australian Government.
Quality and Recognition in Higher Education: the Cross-border challenge
OECD.-- Paris, 2004. 203 p. ISBN: 92-64-01508-6
CONTENTS: Quality provision in Cross-border higher education: key issues related to quality assurance, accreditation
and recognition of qualifications; Quality assurance and recognition of qualifications in post-secondary education in
Canada (J. Knight); Accreditation and recognition of qualifications in higher education: the United States ((J.S. Eaton);
International quality assurance and recognition of qualifications in higher education: Europe (D. van Damme, P. van
der Heijden, C. Campbell); Quality assurance and recognition of qualifications in higher education in Australia (Dept
of Education and Training, Australia); Quality assurance and recognition of qualifications in higher education: Japan
(T. Kimura, A. Yonezawa and F. Ohmori); Quality assurance and accreditation in higher education in non-member eco-
nomies; UNESCO Conventions on the Recognitions of Qualifications: Regional frameworks in a global context (S.
Uvalic-Trumbic); Trade agreements and recognition (J. Nielson).
Quality assurance and borderless higher education: finding pathways through the maze
Middlehurst, Robin; Campbell, Carolyn / Observatory on Borderless Higher Education [UK].-- London, 2003. 36
p. (Report)
ABSTRACT: Assuring the quality of education provision is a fundamental aspect of gaining and maintaining credibi-
lity for programmes, institutions and national systems of higher education worldwide. A lack of clarity in terminology
creates further complexity and confusion. Serious concerns are voiced about disreputable providers and educational mis-
conduct – but where does the authority lie to identify international standards and regulate such standards? This report
provides an authoritative overview of the often-overlapping international developments in quality assurance in border-
less higher education. The authors provide a mapping of many of the most recent developments in quality assurance
and identify and address some of the tensions inherent in applying quality assurance nationally and internationally.
Emerging trends and issues are explored in an effort to draw out key lessons for institutions and policy makers.
Quality assurance in transnational education
Coleman, David / Association for Studies in International Education [USA].-- In: Journal of Studies in International
Education, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 354-378, 2003.
ABSTRACT: This article discusses the evolution of the branch campus in Southeast Asia, with an emphasis on
Australian institutional expansion in the region. Drawing on an empirical study, the article culminates in a discussion of
the British Quality Assurance Agency and the Australian Universities Quality Agency, bodies that represent indepen-
dent and governmental efforts to extend quality assurance oversight to transnational educational activities.
Quality issues in the internationalisation of higher education
Van Damme, Dirk / In: Higher Education, vol.41, no.4, pp. 415-441, 2001.
ABSTRACT: Provides an overview of developments in higher education internationalization, from traditional forms
such as student/staff mobility to exporting via branch campuses, transnational university networks, and virtual delivery.
Discusses quality challenges, particularly recognition.
Quality Transnational Education: A Shared Commitment for Sustainable Development
[Theme issue]
UNESCO European Centre for Higher Education [CEPES][Romania].-- In: Higher Education in Europe, vol. 27,
no. 3, 2002. ISSN: 0379-7724 75
7. CONTENTS: The Impact of globalization on the Ibero-American virtual university ( M.Casas Armengol); Developing
a sustainable educational process in Indonesia: a project of the Global Dialogue Institute (L.Marion); The Implications
of e-learning (F.F.Kelly); The National accreditation system for higher education institutions in Russia (Y.P.Pokholkov,
A.I.Chuchalin and S.B.Mogilnitsky); The "Millennium Intent": A case study in assuring quality international standards
for educating healthcare professionals (S.M.Goldsmith); Accreditation and quality assurance in Europe (H.Sebkova);
Educating leaders in developing nations (R.Henderson); Quality measures in distance learning (W.J.Husson and
E.K.Waterman); Planning for the internationalization of a postgraduate professional degree programme in Library and
information science (V .L.Gregory and S.R.Wohlmuth); Articulating the Guidelines for Distance Learning Library
Services of the Association of Colleges and Research Libraries outside the library profession (H.R.Gover); Pitfalls, chal-
lenges, and triumphs: issues in an international capacity development project (A.Erasmus); The Global forces affecting
the education sector today - the universities in Europe as an example (B.Brock-Ume); A comparative overview of some
fundamental aspects of university management as practiced in several European countries (S.Zaharia); How the public
views the Swiss higher institutes (J-P.Antonietti,F.Crettaz von Roten and J-P.Leresche); Changes in Slovenian higher edu-
cation: governance, autonomy, admission, and quality (P.Zgaga).
Trade in Educational Services: Managing the internationalisation of post-secondary
education
OECD. Centre for Educational Research and Innovation [CERI].-- Paris, 2003
MEETING: OECD/Norway Forum. Trondheim, 2003.
CONTENTS: Background Documents: Cross-border post-secondary education: an overview (OECD Secretariat);
Cross-border post-secondary education in North America (M.Green and J.Knight); Cross-border post-secondary edu-
cation in Europe (M.van der Wende and R.Middlehurst); Cross-border post-secondary education in the Asia-Pacific
PARTIE II. DOCUMENTS DE REFERENCE
Region (S.Marginson and G.McBurnie); Key developments and policy rationales in cross-border post-secondary educa-
tion (OECD Secretariat); Enhancing consumer protection in cross-border higher education: key issues related to quality
assurance, accreditation and recognition of qualifications (OECD Secretariat); Recent developments in national, regio-
nal and international quality assurance systems (R.Lewis); Quality assurance and recognition of qualifications in post-
secondary education in Australia (M.James); Report on quality assurance and recognition of qualifications in post-secon-
dary education in Canada (J.Knight); International quality assurance and recognition of qualifications in tertiary edu-
cation in Europe (D.van Damme, P.van der Heijden, C.Campbell); Quality assurance in higher/post-secondary educa-
tion from Japan's viewpoint (T.Kimura, A.Yonezawa, F.Ohmori); Accreditation and recognition in the United States
(J.S.Eaton); Review of quality assurance and accreditation systems in UNESCO member states (UNESCO Secretariat);
UNESCO's conventions on the recognition of qualifications: regional frameworks in a global context (UNESCO
Secretariat); Trade agreements and recognition (J.Nielson).
Distributed Education: Summary of a Six-part Series
American Council on Education [ACE].-- Washington, DC, 2003. 23 p. (Distributed Education: Challenges,
Choices, and a New Environment. Series summary)
ABSTRACT: Barriers to distance learning exist both inside and outside the higher education community, but some obs-
tacles serve to create standards and ensure high quality, while others often act unintentionally to bar change. The chal-
lenge for higher education is to preserve the former and eliminate the latter. Determining and enforcing quality stan-
dards is as controversial and elusive for distributed education as it is for higher education in general. Most existing defi-
nitions of quality are based on an environment in which institutions have a physical presence. Both academic and stu-
dent services may need new metrics to assess the quality of distributed learning programs. The needs of students enrol-
led in distance learning programs carry implications for existing library, academic advising, career counseling, financial
aid, registration, and other operations. Although it is unclear whether distributed learning students need the same servi-
ces as on-campus students, what is clear is that institutions must give online students the level and quality of services
necessary to meet their needs.
Globally, Nationally, and Locally Patterned Changes in Higher Education [Theme issue]
Rhodes, Gary; Ed..-- In: Higher Education, vol. 43, no. 3, 2002. ISSN: 0018-1560
CONTENTS: Beyond national states, markets, and systems of higher education: a ‘glonacal’ agency heuristic
(S.Marginson and G.Rhoadas); The assessment of universities in Argentina and Australia: between autonomy and hete-
ronomy (M.Mollis and S.Marginson); The global politics of education: Brazil and the World Bank (K.Kempner and
A.Loureiro Jurema); Quality assurance in Europe and the U.S.: professional and political economic framing of higher
education policy (G.Rhoades and B.Sporn); Quality assurance in Australian higher education: globalization and ‘stee-
ring at a distance” (L.Vidovich); Nation-building universities in a global environment: the case of Australia
(S.Marginson).
Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area
European Network for Quality Assurance in Higher Education [ENQA][Finland]; European Commission.-- Helsinki,
2005. 41 p. - ISBN: 952-5539-04-0
ABSTRACT: In the Berlin communiqué in 2003 the Ministers of the Bologna Process signatory states invited the
European Network for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (ENQA) ‘through its members, in cooperation with the
EUA, EURASHE, and ESIB’, to develop ‘an agreed set of standards, procedures and guidelines on quality assurance’
and to ‘explore ways of ensuring an adequate peer review system for quality assurance and/or accreditation agencies or
bodies, and to report back through the Bologna Follow-Up Group to Ministers in 2005’. The Ministers also asked
76 ENQA to take due account ‘of the expertise of other quality assurance associations and networks’. The main conclu-
8. sions of the present report are: There will be European standards for internal and external quality assurance, and for
external quality assurance agencies; European quality assurance agencies will be expected to submit themselves to a
cyclical review within five years; There will be an emphasis on subsidiary, with reviews being undertaken nationally
where possible; A European register of quality assurance agencies will be produced; A European Register Committee
will act as a gatekeeper for inclusion of agencies in the register; A European Consultative Forum for Quality Assurance
in Higher Education will be established.
III. Policy Frameworks and Regulation
The Admission of International Students into Higher Education: Policies and instruments
Muche, Franziska; Kelo, Maria; Wächter, Bernd / Academic Cooperation Association [ACA].-- Bonn, Lemmens
Verlags-Mediengesellschaft, 2004. 175 p. (ACA Papers on International Cooperation in Education) ISBN: 3-932306-62-7
ABSTRACT: Universities and other higher education institutions operate in an increasingly international environment.
Many of them run international marketing campaigns and recruit students on a global scale. Even those, which do not
engage in such activities, are sometimes flooded with student applications from all over the world. Therefore, policies
and instruments for the admission of international students are rapidly gaining in importance. In this situation, institu-
tions are looking for admission models, which will both help them, get the “right” students and rationalize their admi-
nistrative procedures. The study examines admissions policies and tools in different countries, in order to identify a range
of models and procedures for the effective and efficient handling of international student admissions and selection.
Borderless higher education: challenges to regulations, accreditation and intellectual
PARTIE II. DOCUMENTS DE REFERENCE
property rights
Farrington, Dennis J. / In: Minerva, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 63-84, 2001. ISSN: 0026-4695
ABSTRACT: By its nature, borderless higher education does not respect national boundaries. This essay draws upon
the work of the World Trade Organization and the Council of Europe to propose the creation of an international data-
base of recognized and accredited higher education providers. The essay also considers consumer protection by natio-
nal agencies and accreditation, and the use of distinctive Internet domain names. Finally, it tackles the controversial
issues of ownership of commercially valuable copyright work generated by academics.
The Brave New [and Smaller] World of Higher Education: A Transatlantic view
Green, Madeleine; Eckel, Peter; Barblan, Andris / American Council on Education; European University
Association.-- Washington, DC, 2002. 32 p.
ABSTRACT: This essay emerged from the rich conversation of the Transatlantic Dialogue held in July 2001 at the
Université Laval in Quebec, Canada. This paper is the first in a series associated with a new ACE initiative, the
Changing Enterprise Project, that seeks to chart and understand the new directions colleges and universities are pur-
suing to respond to increased competition and changing fiscal realities.
Global Opportunities and Institutional Embeddedness: Higher education consortia in
Europe and Southeast Asia
Beerkens, H.J.J.G. / Centre for Higher Education Policy Studies [CHEPS][Netherlands].-- Enschede, 2004. 323 p.
ISBN: 90-365-2041-X
ABSTRACT: This study closely follows the five research questions: How can we conceptualise processes of globalization
and regionalisation?; How can processes of globalization and regionalisation explain the increase and change of inter-
national inter-organizational arrangements in higher education?; What dimensions differentiate International education
consortia from other inter-organizational arrangements in higher education?; What features of International higher
education consortia can explain the performance of these consortia?; What type of mechanisms can be adopted by
International higher education consortia in order to increase performance?
An innovation perspective on internationalisation of higher education institutionalisation:
the critical phase
Van der Wende, Marijk / Council on International Educational Exchange [USA].-- In: Journal of Studies in
International Education, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 3-13, 1999. ISSN: 1028-3153
ABSTRACT: This article focuses on the change processes that are related to the internationalization of higher educa-
tion. On the basis of innovation theory, the internationalization process is analysed with respect to its various features
and stages. An overview of the different types of innovation that occur in the context of internationalization is given. In
particular the last stage of the innovation process, the institutionalization of internationalization is emphasized. The suc-
cess and failure factors influencing this stage is highlighted, thus contributing to a further insight into the sustainability
of internationalization strategies, models, and efforts.
Internationalization of higher education: an institutional perspective
UNESCO European Centre for Higher Education [CEPES].-- Bucharest, 2000. 91 p. (Papers on Higher Education)
ISBN: 92-9069-158-1
CONTENTS: Changing rationales for the internationalization of higher education (H.de Wit); Missing in action: lea-
dership for international and global education for the Twenty-first century (J.A.Mestenhauser); "The show is not the
show/but they that go": the Janus-face of the internationalized university at the turn of the century (D.Steiner);
77
Transnational education and recognition of qualifications (L.A.Wilson and L.Vlasceanu).
9. The recognition, treatment, experience and implications of transnational education in
Central and Eastern Europe 2002-2003
Adam, Stephen / National Agency for Higher Education [Sweden]; European Commission.- Stockholm, 2003. 86 p.
ABSTRACT: The study of transnational education is clearly linked to a number of related agenda including: globali-
zation, education as a public responsibility, lifelong learning, consumer protection, ‘recognition’ and ‘transparency’,
‘virtual universities’, ‘corporate universities’, quality assurance and the development of the European Education Area.
The report explores, by country, the situation in Central and Eastern Europe, including the rise of new providers, the
regional approach to quality assurance and how developments link to the Bologna process. It also explores: the GATS
dimension and transnational education (examining transnational education in terms of the four GATS modes of
supply); the general results of the mapping exercise; the emerging pattern of transnational education on sectors and
cycles and types of education; determinants of the supply of, and demand for, transnational education; current
approaches adopted towards transnational education in Central and Eastern Europe and good practice.
The regulation of transnational higher education in Southeast Asia: case studies of Hong
Kong, Malaysia and Australia
McBurnie, Grant; Ziguras, Christopher / In: Higher Education, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 85-105, 2001. ISSN: 0018-1560
ABSTRACT: The millennium round of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) underlines issues relating
to the regulation of education as an internationally traded service. Transnational education is a key component of such
trade. Southeast Asia is something of a laboratory in the development and regulation of transnational education. The
region combines high demand, keen competition among providers, and host country regulatory regimes ranging from
relatively laissez faire to strongly interventionist. This paper examines the approaches of three Southeast Asian govern-
ments – Hong Kong, Malaysia and Australia – to the regulation of transnational education within their borders. In each
PARTIE II. DOCUMENTS DE REFERENCE
case the authors provide background on the higher education system, describe the regulatory approaches to transnatio-
nal education, and analyse the motivations behind regulation. Both the neoliberal approach of the WTO to trade in
educational services, and critiques of this approach, are outlined. The authors conclude that any attempts to promote
global standards or quality principles for transnational education must address the myriad concerns of governments,
including consumer protection, advancing national goals and protecting the local system.
The Rise and regulation of for-profit higher education
King, Roger / Observatory on Borderless Higher Education [UK].-- London, 2003. 22p. (Report)
ABSTRACT: In recent years we have witnessed, in addition to more ‘privatized’ arrangements for conventional uni-
versities, the growth of for-profit higher education around the world. As demand for higher education increases, fuelled
by population growth and expanding access and qualifications at lower educational levels, and with inadequate public
funding to satisfy it, private and foreign provision may be the only means for some countries of building national capa-
city. Governments may also view a growing private sector as a useful spur for what some may regard as complacent
state-funded domestic institutions, and as a source of innovative and international good practice. While this growth
may be seen to confer advantages for state decision-makers, it also confronts with them policy and regulatory dilemmas.
For-profit higher education is increasingly diverse, ranging from large publicly listed corporations in the United States,
Malaysia and elsewhere, to ‘shop-front’ operators across the developing world. There are a number of models, but they
all have advantages and disadvantages and work best in particular circumstances. These are examined and it is suggested
that the regulatory ‘fit’ between model and policy is especially important but that to date little research has been under-
taken to help policy-makers in this area.
The Role of transnational, private, and for-profit provision in meeting global demand for
tertiary education: mapping, regulation and impact
Middlehurst, Robin; Woodfield, Steve / Commonwealth of Learning; UNESCO.-- 2004. 57p.
ABSTRACT: This is a report of a first-stage project sponsored by UNESCO and the Commonwealth of Learning to
map the extent, range, and impact of transnational, private, and for-profit tertiary education provision in a sample of
countries. The data, collected from readily available public sources and verified by in-country experts, was first used to
create country case studies for Jamaica, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and Bulgaria. A summary report was then produced that
drew comparisons across countries in relation to five topics: overviews of each country; national education systems and
policies; regulatory frameworks, accreditation, and quality assurance; transnational, private, and for-profit provision; and
local perceptions of impact. The summary report also provides a comparative analysis across countries, with reference
to the wider literature, and draws out a series of policy implications from the study for governments, institutions, and
agencies, both national and international.
IV. Globalization, the Market and Trade in Education
The Changing debate on internationalisation of higher education
Teichler, Ulrich / In: Higher Education, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 5-26, 2004
ABSTRACT: “Internationalisation”, the growing border-crossing activities between national systems of higher education
is losing ground to “globalization”, increasing border-crossing activities of blurred national systems which is often
employed to depict world-wide trends and growing global competition. This article addresses recent issues of knowledge
transfer. It points out tensions between increasing diversity in higher education and efforts to facilitate recognition of
78 prior studies on student mobility. It shows the diversity of steering and management policies with respect to internatio-
10. nalization and globalization. Finally, it asks whether globalization of higher education has to be viewed as a manifestation
of “turbo-capitalism” or could be viewed instead as a move towards “global understanding”.
Cross-border Provision and the Future of Higher Education in Africa
Association of African Universities [AAU].-- Accra, 2005. 375 p. ISBN: 9988-589-28-X
MEETING: AAU General Conference: Papers and Program. 11th. Cape Town, 2005.
CONTENTS: Transnational education and African universities (P.Tiyambe Zeleza); How can Africa maximise the
developmental impact of cross-border higher education (R.Garrett); Transnational education and trade: towards a pro-
gressive response by (South) African Higher Education (T.Mthembu, F.Coughlan and L.Murray); Colonialism reborn:
an onslaught on our autonomy (H.Redelinghuys); Le Commerce des services et l'avenir de l'enseignement superior en
Afrique: Les Briques du Logo pour la Guinée (S.F.Doumbouya); Cross border provision of higher education in Africa:
a case study of a South Africa-Rwanda initiative (L.R.Uys); Occupational health and distance learning program in
Francophone Africa: an original experience (E.B.Fayomi and J.S.Bonny); Case studies: three African regional collabora-
tion programmes based at the University of Pretoria (Ch.Heyns); Privatization, internationalization and the implication
of GATS for higher education in Africa: the case of Uganda (M.K.Mayanja); Cross-border provision and the future of
higher education in Africa: a case study of Ghana (A.D.Oduro and B.Senadza); Quality assurance monitoring of trans-
national on-line teaching and learning in higher education: a constructivist perspective (S.Yeo, P.Taylor and M.Kulski);
The higher education quality management initiative for Southern Africa; Quality assurance in transnational education:
implications for higher education in Africa (E.Rwamasirabo and M.Beebe); Responding to the challenges for quality
assurance in transnational education (J.Weir, F.Wright, M.Kulski, B.Oliver); Access, efficiency, and equity considerations
of the World Bank's African Virtual University Project: a case study of Kenya (F.Muyia Nafukho).
The Global Market for Higher Education: Sustainable competetive strategies for new millennium
PARTIE II. DOCUMENTS DE REFERENCE
Mazzarol, Tim; Soutar, Geoffrey N / Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2002.
208 p. ISBN: 1-84064-329-3
CONTENTS: Education as a marketable service; Facing the next millennium; What brings success? A Student's pers-
pective; Developing a sustainable competitive advantage; Global marketing of education services; A model of competi-
tive advantage for education services; Implications of the model; Developing sustainable strategies; Policy prescriptions
for a global education.
Globalization and Higher Education: Implications for North - South Dialogue
UNESCO; Norway. Ministry of Education and Research.-- 2003.
MEETING: UNESCO Meeting. Oslo, 2003.
CONTENTS: Trading to learn, learning to trade: where is the public good? (J.Daniel); Quality assurance and accredi-
tation as a mechanism to empower academics in developing countries: the case of Iran (A.Bazargan); Education and
trade agreements: how we look at it in India (A.Nigavekar); Higher education, business and society: responsible partner-
ship (C.Campbell); Higher education as a means of development (K.F.Seddoh); Bridging quality assurance and recogni-
tion frameworks: the role of UNESCO regional conventions and challenges (K.Larsen); Intention, opportunity, choice:
the transition from school to higher education (M.Cosser);Partnership programs between the Hi-Tech industry and
higher education - an HP perspective (M.Benard); The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS);
Transnational, private, for profit provision & global demand for tertiary education: mapping, regulation & impact
(R.Middlehurst and S.Woodfield); Providing standards for higher education: international education conventions as
alternatives to trade agreements (S.Bergan); Globalization and higher education: building bridges (S.Uvalic-Trumbic);
The Virtual University: Models and messages: lessons from case studies (S.D'Antoni); Building bridges, breaking down
walls (T.Moja and P.Maassen).
Globalization, Trade Liberalisation, and Higher Education in North America: The
Emergence of a new market under NAFTA
Barrow, C.W.; Didou-Aupetit, S.; Mallea, J..-- The Hague, London, Boston, Kluwer Akademic Publishers, 2004. 272 p.
(Higher Education Dynamics) ISBN: 1-4020-1862-2
ABSTRACT: This volume analyzes the emerging relationship between trade liberalisation, post-industrialisation, and
higher education policy in Canada, Mexico, and the USA. In separate case studies, the authors analyzes higher educa-
tion policy in Canada, Mexico, and the USA using a common theoretical framework that identifies economic globali-
sation, international trade liberalisation, and post-industrialisation as common structural factors exerting a significant, if
often indirect, influence on higher education in the three countries. This study - the result of trilateral co-operation bet-
ween three scholars in Canada, Mexico, and the USA - is the first effort to document the extent of NAFTA's impact on
higher education.
Globalization and the Market in Higher Education: Quality, accreditation and qualifications
(Education on the Move)
Uvalic-Trumbic, S. / International Association of Universities [IAU].-- Paris, UNESCO Publishing. London, Paris,
Genève, Economica, 2002. 212 p. ISBN: 92-3-103870-2
ABSTRACT: As higher education opens up to world markets and the World Trade Organization turns its attention to
higher education, quality, accreditation, and qualifications are becoming issues of major concern to university leaders,
governments, students, and parents. Can these issues be dealt with in a concerted way? What are national and regional
authorities doing to address what promises to be the most important issue since the development of mass higher educa-
tion? Drawing on contributions from scholars, leaders, and practitioners from major multilateral organizations, along 79
with non-governmental organizations active in higher education, this book examines the possible scope of an interna-
11. tional framework in quality assurance and accreditation and its potential limitations. The authors also discuss the ways
governments and universities are responding to the challenge of a global market in higher education.
Going Global: the Internationalisation of Higher Education in the Asian Region [Theme
issue]
James, Richard; Ed.; Mok, Ka-Ho; Ed. / Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia.-- In:
Higher Education Research and Development, vol. 22, no. 2, 2003. ISSN: 0729-4360
CONTENTS: Globalisation and higher education restructuring in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Mainland China (Ka-Ho
Mok); Going global with assessment: what to do when the dominant culture's literacy drives assessment (D.MacKinnon
and C.Manathunga); The Impact of globalisation on higher education governance in Japan (A.Yonezawa); Academic
standards, internationalisation, and the discursive construction of "The International Student" (A.Devos); Reforming
university education in Hong kong and Singapore (M.H.Lee and S.Gopinathan); Internationalisation of business edu-
cation: meaning and implementation (R.Edwards, G.Crosling, S.Petrovic-Lazarovic and P.O'Neill); Transnational higher
education: a perspective from China (F.Huang); Learning to teach offshore: pre-departure training for lecturers in trans-
national programs (K.Gribble and Ch.Ziguras); Going global: the implications for students with a disability (P.McLean,
M.Heagney and K.Gardner).
The Implications of WTO/GATS for Higher Education in Africa
Association of African Universities [AAU].-- Accra, 2004. 272 p. ISBN: 9988-589-25-5
MEETING: Workshop: Proceeding. Accra, Ghana, 2004.
CONTENTS: GATS and Higher Education – Cross-border education in a trade environment: complexities and policy
implications (J.Knight); Higher education in Africa: international co-operation and GATS (M.Singh); GATS and higher
education in Africa: conceptual issues and development perspectives (P.B.Mihyo); Privatization, internationalization and
PARTIE II. DOCUMENTS DE REFERENCE
GATS in the perspective of the African universities (M.K.Mayanja); Towards a strategic African engagement: concep-
tual, logistics and structural issues about GATS (T.Mthemba and T.Yeowart). Quality Assurance, Accreditation and
Recognition – Regional convention on recognition of studies and degrees of higher education in Africa (J.Shabani);
Quality assurance, accreditation and recognition of Qualifications in Africa: Tanzania’s experience and the Arusha
Convention (W.Sabaya); Regional convention on the recognition of studies and degrees of higher education (W.Sabaya);
Response to Shabani and Sabaya (P.Naidoo); Contribution of recognition and equivalence of foreign qualifications by
the African and Malagasy Council of Higher Education (CAMES) (R.M.Ouiminga). Country Briefs – Cameroon,
Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, Zimbabwe. Annexes: Accra Declaration.
The international provision of higher education: Do universities need GATS?
Barblan, A. / OECD. Institutional Management in Higher Education – In: Higher Education Management and Policy,
vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 81-99, 2002
ABSTRACT: The provision of higher education in the world is governed by two approaches represented by the
UNESCO, on one side, by the WTO, on the other. The members of both organisations are the same governments but
the two work on divergent assumptions as far as the development of a world system of higher education is concerned.
At UNESCO, actors join a system of common references in order to set up a series of co-operative agreements and ven-
tures - which can be reversible, as participants remain very much in control of their level of commitment to a wider global
community. At WTO, on the contrary, actors merge their references by accepting an automatic development of inter-
nationalisation that becomes irreversible as the countries accept multilateral concessions from each other. Governments
agreed to enter the field of service deregulation in the Millennium Round by signing the General Agreement on Trade
in Services, the GATS, in 1995. This represented a totally new area for all people concerned, be they in the Ministries
of Trade, Tourism, and in Health Education. Indeed, can the rules developed for goods apply to services - as if services
were equal to goods? Can value be defined along the same lines for a material product and a virtual good like a service,
in education for instance? Is not a service market much more supply-driven than a market of goods - thus requiring dif-
ferent modalities of international co-operation? That is the whole point of the debate concerning the commitment to
GATS made by several countries exporting education and it explains the claim for caution made last year by higher edu-
cation associations of the United States, Canada and Europe. This paper states the use of UNESCO conventions to
reach similar results, or to use convention to move on to agreements at a later stage, when trust and confidence are sha-
red by all partners should not be hindered.
Transnational Education and the New Economy: Delivery and Quality
UNESCO European Centre for Higher Education [CEPES][Romania].-- Bucharest, 2001.
169 p. (Studies on Higher Education) ISBN: 92-9069-164-0
CONTENTS: Challenges for the New Economy – Reskilling and Retraining a Global Workforce; The Various Modes
of Transnational Education from On-line to On-the-ground; The Future of Borderless Education in a Third Wave
World; Transnational GATE Principles and Models for Transnational Educational Partnerships; Standards for Quality
Assurance in Distance Education.
Universities and Globalization: Private linkages, public trust (Globalisation et universités:
nouvel espace, nouveaux acteurs)
Breton, Gilles; Ed.; Lambert, Michel; Ed. / Université Laval [Canada]; UNESCO.-- Paris, UNESCO Publishing.
Economica, 2003. 244 p. ISBN: 92-3-103890-7
ABSTRACT: To understand the dynamics of the globalization process and its implications for universities in countries
of both the North and the South, Gilles Breton and Michel Lambert have asked fifteen international experts to consi-
80
12. der how universities can meet these new global challenges. Authors, actors or both, these prominent observers of higher
education depict a universe characterized by discontinuity and uncertainty in a rapidly changing environment in which
the state is not anymore the exclusive focus. Henceforth, knowledge is not merely a public good but is also a service
bought and sold within an emerging regulatory framework (GATS). It is no longer produced only in universities, but is
now socially distributed. John Daniel, representing UNESCO, suggests that knowledge should remain a public good and
be made freely available on the Web. The World Bank, represented by Jamil Salmi, places higher education and univer-
sities at the very centre of its priorities for the developing world. How will universities in the North avoid “colonizing”
universities in emerging countries by attracting their best students? How can emerging countries be protected against
the abuses of the new providers of knowledge that they so vitally need? Who will be the new actors on the higher edu-
cation world scene? Will the universities - through a dynamic and salutary hybridization - be able to meet these challen-
ges, as Peter Scott suggests, or will they be marginalized by the arrival of new, more effective actors? These are the ques-
tions that the authors of Universities and Globalization: Private Linkages, Public Trust attempt to answer. The result is
a fundamental questioning of the institution: both of the place of universities on the world scene and their social rele-
vance in a knowledge-based society henceforth driven by innovation.
PARTIE II. DOCUMENTS DE REFERENCE
Outre la publication d’ouvrages, de répertoires et d’une revue sur l’ensei-
gnement supérieur, l’AIU gère différentes sources d’information sur
l’Enseignement supérieur destinées aux universitaires, aux responsables
d’universités et aux autres spécialistes de l’enseignement supérieur.
Depuis sa création, l’AIU, a toujours eu un Centre de documentation. En 1989,
suite à la signature d’un accord formel entre l’UNESCO et l’AIU, celui-ci est
devenu un Centre conjoint d’Information sur l’enseignement supérieur, géré
par l’AIU. Son fond documentaire se compose d’ouvrages de référence, de cata-
logues d’universités, de périodiques et de littérature grise. Le Centre dispose de
40 000 références sur l’enseignement supérieur dans le monde entier.
Depuis 1988, l’AIU et son Centre coordonnent la Base de données bibliographi-
que internationale sur l’enseignement supérieur (HEDBIB), qui peut être
consultée gratuitement en ligne sur le site Internet www.unesco.org
Si vous souhaitez ajouter des références à HEDBIB et avoir vos publications
présentées dans les différents outils d’information de l’AIU, veuillez nous
adresser un exemplaire de l’ouvrage ou de l’article. Pour plus d’information,
contactez-nous à : karwat.iau@unesco.org
Vous pouvez obtenir des bibliographies thématiques et autres ressources docu-
mentaires sur demande.
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