This document discusses air pollution, its causes, and effects. It defines air pollution as an undesirable change in air quality from harmful substances that can negatively impact life and property. The main sources of air pollution are described as natural (such as volcanoes and forest fires) and anthropogenic (including vehicles, power plants, and industrial activities). Air pollution affects human health, plants, animals, and the environment. It can cause respiratory illnesses in humans and damage forests by inhibiting photosynthesis in trees. The document also outlines some methods for controlling air pollution, such as installing pollution control devices, shifting to cleaner fuels, and increasing green spaces.

1. Name: Risana kalathingal
Application number:

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Swayam online course: Academic writing

3. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

4. WHAT IS POLLUTION?
 When Harmful Substances Contaminate the
environment it is Called Pollution.
 It can be defined as any undesirable change in the
physical, chemical, biological characteristics of any
component of the environment which can cause
harm to life and property.

5. TYPES OF POLLUTION
 Air pollution
 Water pollution
 Soil pollution
 Thermal pollution
 Nuclear pollution …etc

6. ATMOSPHERE
 The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly
known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is
retained by Earth's gravity.
 Atmosphere is divided into layers based on temperature
They are: 1. Troposphere
2. Stratosphere,
3. Mesosphere
4. Thermosphere.

7. WHAT IS AIR?
 Air supplies us with oxygen which is essential for
our bodies to live.
 Air is a mixture of many gases such as nitrogen,
oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide and inert
gases.
 Human activities can release substances into the
air, some of which can cause problems to humans,
plants, and animals.
 Natural Composition of Gases

8. AIR POLLUTION
 Air pollution: An atmospheric condition in which
certain substances (including normal constituents in
excess) are present in concentrations which can
cause undesirable effects on man and his
environment.
 They are in the form of gases (Nox, Sox, CO,VOC);
Particulate matter(dust, smoke, fumes, etc) &
Radioactive (rad-222, Iodine-131, etc)

9. SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION
1. Natural
2. Anthropogenic
Natural :Volcanic Eruptions
Forest Fires
Sea Salt Sprays
Biological Decay
Pollen Grains

10.  Anthropogenic:
Thermal Power Plants,
Vehicular Emissions,
Industrial Units

11. CLASSIFICATION OF AIR POLLUTANTS
On the basis of origin they are divided as:
 Primary pollutants: Are emitted directly from the
point source. e.g. : CO, NO2, SO2
 Secondary pollutants: Formed by interaction of
primary pollutants
e.g. : PAN, Smog, Ozone etc

12. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
Air Pollution affects???
 Human health
 Animals
 Plants
 Materials
 Environment

13. EFFECT ON HUMAN HEALTH
 Main problems are related to Respiratory Track-
Asthma, hay fever, and other allergic diseases.
 Irritation of nose, eyes, throat.
 Prolonged exposure leads to damage of nervous
system, digestive problem and in some cases lung
cancer.
 It lower our resistance to cold and pneumonia

14. EFFECT ON PLANTS
 Pollutants enter through stomata
 Destroy chlorophyll and Affect photosynthesis
 Cuticle( Wax Layer on Leaves) is lost
 Necrosis –Damage to Leaf Structure
 Chlorosis-Loss/ reduction of Chlorophyll
 Abscission -Dropping of leaf
 Epinasty–Downward curling of Leaf
 DEATH

15. EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENT
 Visibility
 Pollutants in the presence of sunlight produce
photochemical Smog
 Emission of Green House Gases tend to Global
Warming
 CFC’s cause Ozone Depletion

16. AIR BORNE DISEASES
 Anthrax
 Chickenpox
 Influenza
 Measles
 Smallpox
 Tuberculosis.

17. CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION
 Proper air pollution control devices in industries
 Using low sulphur coal
 Regular engine tune up, replacement of old more
polluting vehicles
 Using mass transport system, bicycles etc
 Shifting to less polluting fuels
 Planting more trees
 No to FIRE CRACKERS in Diwali and other
occasions

18. THANK YOU