Basics of Air pollution

1. Air pollution
Mr. Manoj H Mota
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPT.
SITCOE, YADRAV, ICHALKARANJI

2. Air pollution
Definition:-
• Air pollution is the presence in the outdoor
atmosphere of one or more air contaminants
in sufficient quantities, of such characteristics,
and of such duration as to be or to threaten to
be injurious to human, plant or animal life or
to property, or which reasonably interferes
with the comfortable enjoyment of life or
property.

3. Composition and structure of
atmosphere

5. Some facts…..should be known
• Ozone layer in stratosphere is being depleted.
• The amount of tropospheric CO2 is increasing at
the rate of 1.8mg/m3 (the process is not
reversible)
• There is an equivalent decrease in atmospheric
O2.
• There are more than 700 billions tones of carbon
in the form CO2 of in the atmosphere.
• Each year the fig. is increases by 2.3 billions
tones.(@3% increase per decade.)
• Temperature of earth is increasing.

6. Units of measurement
• Particulate fallouts or dustfall……..
Milligram per square centimeter per unit time.
i.e. mg/cm2/year.
• In particulate counting……
No of particle per cubic meter of gas i.e. 106/m3.
• Measurement of suspended particulate and
the gaseous pollutants……
Microgram per cubic meter. i.e. µg/m3.
• Most popular unit to express concentration is
parts per million(ppm)

7. • For gases the ppm can be converted in to
µg/m3 by following formula……
• The (L/mol) designation is influenced by the
temperature and pressure.
• One mole of any one gas occupies the same
volume as one mole of any other gas at the
same temperature and the pressure.
• (V1.P1/T1)=(V2.P2/T2)
µg/m3 = ppm X g mol mass X 103
(L/mol)

8. • The V, P, T relate to condition of 22.4lit/mol at
273oK and 760mm of Hg.
Determine volume occupied by 2 mol of gas at
25oc and 820 mm of Hg.
A sample of air analyzer at 0oc and 1 atm.
pressure is reported to contain 9ppm of CO.
determine the equivalent CO concentration in
micrograms per cubic meter.

9. Sources of pollutants
Transportation
Fuel combustion from stationary sources
(power, heating)
Industrial processes
Solid waste disposal
Miscellaneous (forest fire, agriculture burning)

10. Classification of pollutants
Primary classification……
Natural contaminants
Anthropogenic contaminants
According to origin……
Primary pollutants….SOx, NOx, HC
Secondary pollutants…O3, PAN(paroxyacetyl nitrate)
According to chemical composition……
Organic …… HC, alcohols, ethers
Inorganic……CO, CO2, SOx, NOx
According to State of matter……
Particulate pollutants
Gaseous pollutants

11. Thank you !!!!!!!