This document discusses air conditioning and refrigeration. It covers the definitions and differences between refrigeration and air conditioning. Refrigeration is the process of achieving and maintaining a temperature lower than the surroundings, while air conditioning simultaneously controls temperature, moisture, and air quality for human comfort or process needs. The document outlines the history of refrigeration from natural to artificial methods like vapor compression cycles. It also covers applications of refrigeration and air conditioning in areas like food processing, chemical industries, and industrial/comfort air conditioning.
Heat emitters - Expansion facilities of heating system - Energy management system - Factors affecting fuels-Oil sand properties of natural gas - Air conditioning, principles and applications - Refrigerant and system characteristics – Heat recovery devices.
Heat emitters – Expansion facilities of heating system – Energy management system – Factors affecting fuels – Oil sand properties of natural gas – Air conditioning, principles and applications – Refrigerant and system characteristics – Heat recovery devices.
Ice has been used for hundreds of years for short time preservation of food and still it is used to preserve cool drinks and food for short period. There are many types of ice manufacturing plants. They are divided by thickness and shape of ice. The ice plant consists of four main components condenser, compressor, evaporator and freezing tank containing sodium chloride brine, bring agitator and can with water. In this paper 2000lb per day block ice manufacturing plant is designed. The temperature of water is 27oC and to reduce it to 7.2oC. Based on this requirement, the design consideration and calculation have done. Khaing Zar Nyunt | Hnin Yu Yu Kyaw | Ei Cho Cho Theik ""Design of Ice Manufacturing Plant (2000 lb)"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25115.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/25115/design-of-ice-manufacturing-plant-2000-lb/khaing-zar-nyunt
This slide is about some new green cooling system (refrigeration system) and green refrigerant. For the Ozone layer depletion and green house effect, it is high time to find new refrigerant and refrigeration system.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Heat emitters - Expansion facilities of heating system - Energy management system - Factors affecting fuels-Oil sand properties of natural gas - Air conditioning, principles and applications - Refrigerant and system characteristics – Heat recovery devices.
Heat emitters – Expansion facilities of heating system – Energy management system – Factors affecting fuels – Oil sand properties of natural gas – Air conditioning, principles and applications – Refrigerant and system characteristics – Heat recovery devices.
Ice has been used for hundreds of years for short time preservation of food and still it is used to preserve cool drinks and food for short period. There are many types of ice manufacturing plants. They are divided by thickness and shape of ice. The ice plant consists of four main components condenser, compressor, evaporator and freezing tank containing sodium chloride brine, bring agitator and can with water. In this paper 2000lb per day block ice manufacturing plant is designed. The temperature of water is 27oC and to reduce it to 7.2oC. Based on this requirement, the design consideration and calculation have done. Khaing Zar Nyunt | Hnin Yu Yu Kyaw | Ei Cho Cho Theik ""Design of Ice Manufacturing Plant (2000 lb)"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25115.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/25115/design-of-ice-manufacturing-plant-2000-lb/khaing-zar-nyunt
This slide is about some new green cooling system (refrigeration system) and green refrigerant. For the Ozone layer depletion and green house effect, it is high time to find new refrigerant and refrigeration system.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
3. Refrigeration
The process of achieving and maintaining a
temperature lower than the surroundings at the
required level
Refrigeration is a cooling process but a cooling
process is not necessarily a refrigeration process
Examples:
4. Air Conditioning
Air Conditioning is the treatment of air so as to
simultaneously control.
Temperature of air
Moisture content of air
Air quality
• Why we need to control these attributes of air?
Thermal comfort
Process control
Product requirements
5. Relation Between Refrigeration and Air
conditioning
REFRIGERATION AIR CONDITIONING
1. Only cooling is done in it
2. Only summer comfort is done in it in
addition to other applications
3. Refrigerator can be used for heating if
we operate it as a heat pump
1. In addition to cooling , heating
humidification, dehumidification etc is
done in it.
2. Human comfort for any season can be
done in it addition to other applications.
3. Air conditioner can also be used for
heating purposes in heat pump mode
6. Development in REFRIGERATION AND
AIR CONDITIONING
Development in Refrigeration can be divided
into groups
a) Natural Refrigeration
b) Artificial Refrigeration
7. Natural Refrigeration Methods
Refrigeration through Natural resources is known
as Natural Refrigeration.
A. Use of Natural Ice
1. Transported from colder regions
2. Stored the ice formed in winter season in ice
houses for summer use
9. Limitation of Natural Refrigeration
1. Not user friendly
2. Do not provide reliable and continuous
refrigeration
3. Depend on local Condition
4. Uncertain due to dependence on
environment
5. Not available every where
10. Artificial Refrigeration
Refrigeration obtained through artificial ways is
known as artificial refrigeration.
William Cullen in 1775 demonstrated
experimentally that ice can be formed
artificially
To overcome the shortcoming of william
demonstration several studies were done to find
the way of recycling the refrigerant and different
cycles were developed
11. Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle
Oliver Evan in 1805 described the cycling of
vapor compression
In 1835 Jackob Perkins made the first vapor
compression Based Refrigeration setup
Limitations
12. Domestic Refrigerator
Domestic Refrigerator has its own history
First natural ice base domestic Ice box was
used in 1803 for refrigeration purposes
Mechanical compressor based refrigerators
were developed in 1911 and nowadays we
used advanced version of it
13. Vapour Absorption Refrigeration
Systems
• In 1810 John Leslie demonstrated vapour
absorption experimentally
• Ferdinand card in 1860 develop first aqua
ammonia base vapour absorption system
• In 1878 Windhausan develop water H2SO4
vapour absorption system later on it was
replaced by LiBr
16. Thermoelectric Refrigeration Systems
• In 1821 the German physicist T.J. Seebeck
invented a phenomenon and named it Seebeck
• In 1834, J. Peltier invented the reverse
phenomenon of Seebeck and named it Peltier
and freeze the water drop with it. He used
Antimony and Bismith for this purpose
18. Applications of Refrigeration and Air
Conditioning
APPLICATIONS OF REFRIGERATION:
a) Food processing, preservation and
distribution
b) Chemical and process industries
c) Special Applications such as medical,
construction, ice skating etc
d) Comfort air-conditioning
19. Food processing, preservation and distribution
• Food preservation is one the most important application of
refrigeration
• Food can be preserved at low temperature for longer period
of time
Reason:
21. 2. Applications Refrigeration in
chemical and process industries
• Separation of gases
• Condensation of Gases
• Dehumidification of Air
• Storage as liquid at low pressure
• Removal of Heat of Reaction
• Cooling for preservation
22. Special Applications of Refrigeration
• Construction
• Desalination of Water
• Ice Manufacture
• Medical
23. Application of air conditioning
Air conditioning application can be divided
(a)Industrial air- conditioning and (b)comfort air-conditioning
Comfort air conditioning is already explained
(a)INDUSTRIAL AIR- CONDITIONING Applications:
Objective
Provide favorable conditions for the process to be done in
efficient way
Provide favorable conditions for the employees working in the
industry
1. Textile industry
2. Printing Presses
24. Industrial air conditioning applications
3. Pharmaceutical industries
4. Photographic Material
5. Farm Animals
6. Computer rooms
7. Power plants
8. Vehicular Air-conditioning