1) Global health diplomacy is needed to tackle AIDS because no single country has enough resources and international cooperation is required, especially for issues like migrant populations. 2) Key international organizations that work on AIDS include UNAIDS, PEPFAR, GFATM, WHO, and various UN agencies. They focus on increasing access to testing, treatment, and prevention programs. 3) COVID-19 has disrupted progress on AIDS goals by reducing access to testing, treatment, and ARV drugs. New global strategies are needed to address this challenge.

1. AIDS VS GLOBAL HEALTH
DIPLOMACY
Nimmy Thomas A
P191514

2. AIDS

3. • New infections-1.7 million
• Old cases- 38 million
• Died- 33 million so far
• India has 3 rd position in AIDS epidemic.

4. Why we need GHD in AIDS?
• No one country can alone prevent AIDS.
• For example, In case of migrants, combined action of both
countries are needed.
• Every country will not have the enough resources to tackle
the problem.
• International relations provide them better funding,
technology, knowledge.
• Brazil was able to provide reduction in cost of ARV drugs
due to the TRIPS agreement. It provides the right to
compulsory license for ARV medication in time of health
crisis.
• TRIPS offers patent rules with consideration to public
health.

5. What we need to do?
• National and international links and communication.
• Increasing community leadership at national and international
level.
• Attention to political and cultural needs in global health
programs.
• Eg: Iraq, Afganisthan, South Sudan-the design, delivery and
development of health services based on peace-keeping,
international relations, mutual support.
• Negotiations to reduce political and military conflicts between
countries
• Encourage research in global level and share the knowledge.
• International health programs based on humanist concept.
• Interdisciplinary approach.

6. International organizations for AIDS
1.PEPFAR
• US President’s Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief.
• Largest commitment for a single disease- 50 countries
• Managed by office of US global AIDS coordinator and
health diplomacy.
• Funding for treatment, prevention and research.
• Provide innovative solutions for the need of people
through data driven policies- control HIV by 2020.
• Focus on vulnerable communities like orphans and
children.

7. 2. GFATM
• Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, Malaria.
• Financing and partnership organization-to control
AIDS, TB, Malaria.
• World’s largest financiers for AIDS, TB and Malaria.
• Finance for 18.9 million people for ARV drugs.
• Act as a financing body, while programs are
implemented by the country, NGOs, private sector,
people with HIV.
• Since 2006 in India.

8. 3. UNAIDS
• It focus to end AIDS by 2030 as part of SDG.
• People with HIV infections are involved in decision
making, designing, delivering and monitoring AIDS
response.
• It provides direction, advocacy, technical support to
connect leadership and deliver services.
• It leads the world’s most extensive data collection on HIV.
• Fast-track strategy (2014)- 90-90-90 goals- 90% of the
people with HIV know their status, 90% of people who
know the status will use ARV, 90% of people using ARV
will have viral suppression by 2020.

9. • Created new 2025 target for better prevention-
1. 10s- better environment-less than 10% of the countries
have policies and laws that deny justice for
marginalized, less than 10% of people face stigma,
discrimination, gender inequality and violence.
2. 95s- 95% of testing, treatment, viral suppression. 95%
access to sexual and reproductive health, 95% coverage
for prevention of mother to child transmission.
3. Service integration-90% of people with HIV and risk will
be linked to essential health services.
• Since 1999 in India.

10. 4. WHO
• It helps to respond to HIV.
• It increases the coverage for ARV treatment, disease
prevention to new born.
• It is the cosponsor of UNAIDS.
• Joint with UNICEF to prevent transmission of HIV from mother
to new born.
• Global health sector strategy on HIV/AIDS 2016-21- renew
political commitment, resource development, innovations in
technology. Against stigma and discrimination.

11. 5.UN AGENCIES
 UNFPA
• Increase the access of HIV related services, It integrates HIV response to sexual
and Reproductive health services.
 ILO
• Code of practice in work place- non-discrimination, screening, confidentiality,
prevention, care and support.
• Focusing on migrants- none of the migrants should be discriminated based on
their place of origin and HIV status.
 UNODC
• UN office in drugs and crime-cosponsor of UNAIDS.
• Focus on 90% of people who injects drugs and 90% people in prisons to
provide access to HIV prevention services.
 UNICEF
• Preventing transmission of HIV from Mother to child.
• Also focusing on children and adolescents.

12. COVID AND AIDS GHD
• COVID-19 has made disruption in achieving
the goals of these GHD practices.
• It reduced testing and treatment.
• People with unknown status can spread the
disease.
• Difficulties in accessing ARV drugs.
• New strategies is needed in global level for
tackling the disease. Eg: based on social media

13. REFERENCES
• Gómez, E., 2012. Understanding Brazilian global health diplomacy: Social health
movements, institutional infiltration, and the geopolitics of accessing HIV/AIDS
medication. Global Health Govern, 6(1).
• Wogart, J.P., Calcagnotto, G., Hein, W. and Von Soest, C., 2008. AIDS, access to
medicines, and the different roles of the Brazilian and South African governments
in global health governance (No. 86). GIGA Working Papers.
• Kevany S. Global Health Diplomacy, "San Francisco Values," and HIV/AIDS: From
the Local to the Global. Ann Glob Health. 2015 Sep-Oct;81(5):611-7. doi:
10.1016/j.aogh.2015.12.004. PMID: 27036717.
• https://www.hiv.gov.in
• https://www.who.int
• https://www.unicef.org