This document discusses the conceptual links between agriculture, cities/land use, and climate change. It focuses on ensuring human and ecological security through resilience and adaptation at multiple scales. Issues addressed include food security, migration towards cities due to climate change, the food vs fuel debate around biofuels, unequal impacts and responses to climate change between developed and developing areas, and the dialectic relationship between what we eat, where we live, and their combined impact on and challenge from climate change. Examples of case studies exploring these relationships are provided.
Lecture "Agricultural Revolutions. Future Development of the Agricultural Sec...Sergiy Bulavin, MBA, PhD
Lecture "Agricultural Revolutions. Future Development of the Agricultural Sector" at the Round Table "Managing the Future. Problems and prospects of global civilization and Ukraine.". 09 Feb 2017.
One of the challenges of ecological intensification is to move agricultural research out of a focus on singular focal areas – e.g., improved seed, pest control, water management – to solutions that integrate all components of the farming system. As such, the canon of knowledge supporting ecological intensification is transdisciplinary, focusing on the biological components of farming systems and agroecological practices but extending as well to considerations of policy and farmer
and societal benefits. As the biodiversity benefits of ecological intensification, along with the negative externalities of conventional agriculture are an important motivation for ecological intensification, we have included literature on these topic, as well as references that relate climate change to ecosystem services in agriculture.
The annotated bibliography presented here is compiled on this basis, to identify the literature relevant to ecological intensification, with respect to the following categories:
1. Ecosystem services
2. Agroecology and agroecological practices
3. Farmer and societal benefits from enhancing ecosystem services
4. Biodiversity benefits of ecological intensification
5. Agriculture-induced impacts
6. Climate change
7. Policy
Within the category of ecosystem services, it has been noted in the keywords if the relevant study addresses one or several of the key ecosystem services underpinning ecological intensification in agriculture: pollination, pest regulation or soil nutrients/cycling. (Bommarco et al. 2013)
Sustainability Reading: Natural Capital and Ecosystem RightsSam Bleiberg
A short powerpoint on the carbon cycle, natural capital, and rights for ecosystems based on readings for the Pratt Sustainable Design Foundations Course.
Agriculture sustainability and food security is our insurance policy for futu...Howard Barmil
This is an academic lecture and discussion which was done at the University of Jordan in college of agriculture; this lecture was made for the PHD candidates.
Sustainable agriculture is the system of farming (cultivating land, harvesting and selling farm products), while enhancing wise rural land development in concert with community interests and environmental protection. We must meet the needs of the present without jeopardizing or compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Understanding sustainability.
We must envision the broadest sense; it starts at the individual farm, and ends at the consumer’s table going through the full cycle of the ecosystem (farmers, farmworkers, consumers, policymakers and others). An emphasis on this ecosystem circle allows a larger and more thorough view of the consequences of farming practices on both human communities and the environment. A systematic approach gives us the tools to explore the interconnections between all agents in this ecosystem cycle.
Food Security and Sustainable Resource Use: Comments, by Sara Scherr, Preside...EcoAgriculture Partners
Scherr presented a commentary on the draft document “Food Security and Sustainable Resource Use - What are the Resource Challenges to Food Security?" prepared for the conference by Frank Place (CGIAR) and Alexandre Meybeck (FAO). She offered suggestions for advancing research, and proposed key priorities for action by FAO and the CGIAR: to encourage the adoption of known best practices, to support initiatives advancing multi-objective farms and landscapes, and to focus advanced science on multi-functional landscape systems.
Lecture "Agricultural Revolutions. Future Development of the Agricultural Sec...Sergiy Bulavin, MBA, PhD
Lecture "Agricultural Revolutions. Future Development of the Agricultural Sector" at the Round Table "Managing the Future. Problems and prospects of global civilization and Ukraine.". 09 Feb 2017.
One of the challenges of ecological intensification is to move agricultural research out of a focus on singular focal areas – e.g., improved seed, pest control, water management – to solutions that integrate all components of the farming system. As such, the canon of knowledge supporting ecological intensification is transdisciplinary, focusing on the biological components of farming systems and agroecological practices but extending as well to considerations of policy and farmer
and societal benefits. As the biodiversity benefits of ecological intensification, along with the negative externalities of conventional agriculture are an important motivation for ecological intensification, we have included literature on these topic, as well as references that relate climate change to ecosystem services in agriculture.
The annotated bibliography presented here is compiled on this basis, to identify the literature relevant to ecological intensification, with respect to the following categories:
1. Ecosystem services
2. Agroecology and agroecological practices
3. Farmer and societal benefits from enhancing ecosystem services
4. Biodiversity benefits of ecological intensification
5. Agriculture-induced impacts
6. Climate change
7. Policy
Within the category of ecosystem services, it has been noted in the keywords if the relevant study addresses one or several of the key ecosystem services underpinning ecological intensification in agriculture: pollination, pest regulation or soil nutrients/cycling. (Bommarco et al. 2013)
Sustainability Reading: Natural Capital and Ecosystem RightsSam Bleiberg
A short powerpoint on the carbon cycle, natural capital, and rights for ecosystems based on readings for the Pratt Sustainable Design Foundations Course.
Agriculture sustainability and food security is our insurance policy for futu...Howard Barmil
This is an academic lecture and discussion which was done at the University of Jordan in college of agriculture; this lecture was made for the PHD candidates.
Sustainable agriculture is the system of farming (cultivating land, harvesting and selling farm products), while enhancing wise rural land development in concert with community interests and environmental protection. We must meet the needs of the present without jeopardizing or compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Understanding sustainability.
We must envision the broadest sense; it starts at the individual farm, and ends at the consumer’s table going through the full cycle of the ecosystem (farmers, farmworkers, consumers, policymakers and others). An emphasis on this ecosystem circle allows a larger and more thorough view of the consequences of farming practices on both human communities and the environment. A systematic approach gives us the tools to explore the interconnections between all agents in this ecosystem cycle.
Food Security and Sustainable Resource Use: Comments, by Sara Scherr, Preside...EcoAgriculture Partners
Scherr presented a commentary on the draft document “Food Security and Sustainable Resource Use - What are the Resource Challenges to Food Security?" prepared for the conference by Frank Place (CGIAR) and Alexandre Meybeck (FAO). She offered suggestions for advancing research, and proposed key priorities for action by FAO and the CGIAR: to encourage the adoption of known best practices, to support initiatives advancing multi-objective farms and landscapes, and to focus advanced science on multi-functional landscape systems.
“Diversify & minimize”: Agroecological approaches for greenhouse gases mitiga...Vassilis Gkisakis
Presentation in the International Conference “Climate Changing Agriculture”, Chania, Greece, 29/8-2/9/2017 (http://www.climate2017.eu)
Abstract:
“Diversify & minimize”: Agroecological approaches for greenhouse gases mitigation and increasing resilience of Mediterranean agroecosystems and rural societies
Climate change is expected to have a pronounced effect on food production systems of the Mediterranean region, due to combination of adverse agroclimatic and socio-economic conditions. Without an adaptation strategy to be implemented soon, the performance of modern, high input, cropping systems is estimated to be at stake, while rural communities appear as highly vulnerable. On the other hand, agroecological approaches can serve as the basis to increase resilience of Mediterranean agriculture and rural society. Agroecology is defined as a multidisciplinary science, as well as practice and movement, which provides a holistic approach for the design and management of truly sustainable food production systems. It incorporates integrated and robust paths to increase climate resilience and performance, with successful international examples. This is mostly achieved through high field diversity and landscape heterogeneity (Diversify) to resist extreme climate effects and low-input management (Minimize) for greenhouse gases mitigation purposes. The agroecological concept incorporates also traditional agricultural knowledge, as developed in conditions of scarce resources of the Greek islands and for cropping systems like olive, vine and vegetables, combining several agroecological methods; adjusted and diversified farming techniques, use of locally adapted, stress-tolerant crops, sustainable management of resources and soil. Eventually, a paradigm shift towards agroecological strategies requires gradual transition procedures, addressing additional social and economic issues; localized production & consumption networks, community supported agriculture and diffused agricultural knowledge by facilitating innovative research & extension services, both institutional and among farmers. The above can set the conceptual framework to achieve climate mitigation and resiliency of the Mediterranean agroecosystems, as well as food sovereignty and security for rural societies. Therefore, policies and actions which address and support the development and adaptation of such agroecological mechanisms should be pursued.
This is the slideshow i am using now (2013) to open design courses. This part goes over a bit of my background, a bit of history and inspiration for permaculture and its development, and the state of the world. It also begins to explore how permaculture is manifested in the world which is a reflection of the 14 chapters of the Designers manual which acts as a framework for how the course is structured.
The relevance of a food systems approach based on Agroecology elements for in...Francois Stepman
Presentation of Emile Frison, International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems (IPES-Food) at the Online Forum on Building climate resilient food systems based on the 10 Agroecology elements 27 October 2020. Organized jointly by the Secretariat of the Thematic Working Group (TWG) on Agriculture, Food Security and Land Use at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Biovision Foundation and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), this online forum was the second of a series that addressesed the adaptation and mitigation potential of agroecology in the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
Sustainable agriculture and its effectiveness - Capstone research project MatthewBelanger10
This research paper was for the Environmental Studies 400 capstone class at Central Michigan University. In this paper, I strive to understand why industrial agriculture is so unsustainable, what is being done to reach a more sustainable system, and whether or not these strives in sustainability are effective. This research project allowed me to develop my interest in the agriculture industry and learn more about this field. Coupled with a presentation to faculty members and students of the Environmental Studies program, this project allowed me to practice my research and communication skills through a topic that deeply interested me.
Andrew Noble presents on how we need to change the way we do agriculture so that it builds resilience into our food systems. Sustainable governance and management of ecosystems, natural resources and Earth system processes at large, provides the basis for practical solutions towards a sustainable resilient agriculture.
Find out more about what WLE is doing: wle.cgiar.org
Rising to the challenge of establishing a climate smart agriculture - a global context presented as keynote in the Workshop on Climate Smart Agriculture Technologies in Asia workshop, organised by CCAFS, UNEP and IRRI.
Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Development: The scientific support for a new paradigm
A presentation by Prof. Johan Rockström from Stockholm Resilience Centre
Water Land Ecosystem
High level dialogue
New Delhi
3rd May 2013
How to feed the world and preserve the environmentHaulTail
Farmers bear much of the burden for growing the food to feed billions of people as the world's population continually trends upward.
But to do so, those farmers have to keep crops healthy and high-yielding. That necessitates using fertilizers and pesticides, which help crops but can have an inadvertent, negative impact on the environment.
Pollinators can be harmed. Waterways can become infiltrated with nutrient loads, killing aquatic life. Atmospheric greenhouse gases that cause climate change are increased.
On one hand, feed the world. On the other, preserve the environment.
Sylvie Brouder, a professor in the Purdue Department of Agronomy, knows it's possible to do both.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Prevailing Theories of Change(ToC) on ASB Partnership timeline:
ToC -1: Shifting cultivation is a major driver of deforestation, modernizing agriculture saves forests.- before 1993. Intensifying agriculture to obtain higher yields per ha reduces land pressure on forest & deforestation (‘Borlaug hypothesis’) 1993-1995
ToC 2A: Tradeoffs between private and public benefits of land use can be quantified; knowing opportunity costs of environmental services frames policy;
ToC 2B: Landscape mosaics (varying on segregated versus integrated axis) shape multi-scale outcomes; require Negotiation Support for change
ToC 2C: Landscape mosaics require fair + efficient reward mechanisms and/or coinvestment in ES
TOC 3A: Landscape-scale coinvestment in ES supports Reducing Emissions from All Land Uses (REALU as REDD++ alternative)
ToC 3B: Multi-scale, multi-paradigm combi-nation of national com-modification and local coinvestment for land-based NAMA’s/LAAMA’s
ToC 3C:
Idem for Sustainable Development Goals;
“Diversify & minimize”: Agroecological approaches for greenhouse gases mitiga...Vassilis Gkisakis
Presentation in the International Conference “Climate Changing Agriculture”, Chania, Greece, 29/8-2/9/2017 (http://www.climate2017.eu)
Abstract:
“Diversify & minimize”: Agroecological approaches for greenhouse gases mitigation and increasing resilience of Mediterranean agroecosystems and rural societies
Climate change is expected to have a pronounced effect on food production systems of the Mediterranean region, due to combination of adverse agroclimatic and socio-economic conditions. Without an adaptation strategy to be implemented soon, the performance of modern, high input, cropping systems is estimated to be at stake, while rural communities appear as highly vulnerable. On the other hand, agroecological approaches can serve as the basis to increase resilience of Mediterranean agriculture and rural society. Agroecology is defined as a multidisciplinary science, as well as practice and movement, which provides a holistic approach for the design and management of truly sustainable food production systems. It incorporates integrated and robust paths to increase climate resilience and performance, with successful international examples. This is mostly achieved through high field diversity and landscape heterogeneity (Diversify) to resist extreme climate effects and low-input management (Minimize) for greenhouse gases mitigation purposes. The agroecological concept incorporates also traditional agricultural knowledge, as developed in conditions of scarce resources of the Greek islands and for cropping systems like olive, vine and vegetables, combining several agroecological methods; adjusted and diversified farming techniques, use of locally adapted, stress-tolerant crops, sustainable management of resources and soil. Eventually, a paradigm shift towards agroecological strategies requires gradual transition procedures, addressing additional social and economic issues; localized production & consumption networks, community supported agriculture and diffused agricultural knowledge by facilitating innovative research & extension services, both institutional and among farmers. The above can set the conceptual framework to achieve climate mitigation and resiliency of the Mediterranean agroecosystems, as well as food sovereignty and security for rural societies. Therefore, policies and actions which address and support the development and adaptation of such agroecological mechanisms should be pursued.
This is the slideshow i am using now (2013) to open design courses. This part goes over a bit of my background, a bit of history and inspiration for permaculture and its development, and the state of the world. It also begins to explore how permaculture is manifested in the world which is a reflection of the 14 chapters of the Designers manual which acts as a framework for how the course is structured.
The relevance of a food systems approach based on Agroecology elements for in...Francois Stepman
Presentation of Emile Frison, International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems (IPES-Food) at the Online Forum on Building climate resilient food systems based on the 10 Agroecology elements 27 October 2020. Organized jointly by the Secretariat of the Thematic Working Group (TWG) on Agriculture, Food Security and Land Use at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Biovision Foundation and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), this online forum was the second of a series that addressesed the adaptation and mitigation potential of agroecology in the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
Sustainable agriculture and its effectiveness - Capstone research project MatthewBelanger10
This research paper was for the Environmental Studies 400 capstone class at Central Michigan University. In this paper, I strive to understand why industrial agriculture is so unsustainable, what is being done to reach a more sustainable system, and whether or not these strives in sustainability are effective. This research project allowed me to develop my interest in the agriculture industry and learn more about this field. Coupled with a presentation to faculty members and students of the Environmental Studies program, this project allowed me to practice my research and communication skills through a topic that deeply interested me.
Andrew Noble presents on how we need to change the way we do agriculture so that it builds resilience into our food systems. Sustainable governance and management of ecosystems, natural resources and Earth system processes at large, provides the basis for practical solutions towards a sustainable resilient agriculture.
Find out more about what WLE is doing: wle.cgiar.org
Rising to the challenge of establishing a climate smart agriculture - a global context presented as keynote in the Workshop on Climate Smart Agriculture Technologies in Asia workshop, organised by CCAFS, UNEP and IRRI.
Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Development: The scientific support for a new paradigm
A presentation by Prof. Johan Rockström from Stockholm Resilience Centre
Water Land Ecosystem
High level dialogue
New Delhi
3rd May 2013
How to feed the world and preserve the environmentHaulTail
Farmers bear much of the burden for growing the food to feed billions of people as the world's population continually trends upward.
But to do so, those farmers have to keep crops healthy and high-yielding. That necessitates using fertilizers and pesticides, which help crops but can have an inadvertent, negative impact on the environment.
Pollinators can be harmed. Waterways can become infiltrated with nutrient loads, killing aquatic life. Atmospheric greenhouse gases that cause climate change are increased.
On one hand, feed the world. On the other, preserve the environment.
Sylvie Brouder, a professor in the Purdue Department of Agronomy, knows it's possible to do both.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Prevailing Theories of Change(ToC) on ASB Partnership timeline:
ToC -1: Shifting cultivation is a major driver of deforestation, modernizing agriculture saves forests.- before 1993. Intensifying agriculture to obtain higher yields per ha reduces land pressure on forest & deforestation (‘Borlaug hypothesis’) 1993-1995
ToC 2A: Tradeoffs between private and public benefits of land use can be quantified; knowing opportunity costs of environmental services frames policy;
ToC 2B: Landscape mosaics (varying on segregated versus integrated axis) shape multi-scale outcomes; require Negotiation Support for change
ToC 2C: Landscape mosaics require fair + efficient reward mechanisms and/or coinvestment in ES
TOC 3A: Landscape-scale coinvestment in ES supports Reducing Emissions from All Land Uses (REALU as REDD++ alternative)
ToC 3B: Multi-scale, multi-paradigm combi-nation of national com-modification and local coinvestment for land-based NAMA’s/LAAMA’s
ToC 3C:
Idem for Sustainable Development Goals;
Presentation by Sonja Vermeulen, Head of Research, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) at University of Copenhagen, 13 June 2012. Visit www.ccafs.cgiar.org for more.
02 07-Joan Martinez-Alier The alliance between the Environmental Justice move...environmentalconflicts
Joan Martinez-Alier Summer School Env Justice ICTA UAB 2012
The alliance between the Environmental Justice movements of the South,
and the small Degrowth movement in the North
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Knowledge engineering: from people to machines and back
Agriculture, cities land use, climate change-1
1. Agriculture, Cities/land use, Climate change(yellow group) 1.Case studies: real world situations which embody the three words. 2. Conceptual links between agriculture, cities-land use, climate change
2. Agriculture, Cities/land use, Climate change Resilience and adaptation at multiple scales involving human and ecological security An issue of resilience and adaptation focuses on human dependence on ecosystem and the interaction of socio ecological systems. Justice: what should the land be used for? Migration: climate change migration towards cities; urban population grows more rapidly then rural population (not enough agricultural produce) Biofuels: food vs fuel
3. Agriculture, Cities/land use, Climate change Food security, Exploitation At what scales the interaction between the three should be changed: or community action an individual action? Feasibility – an issue of planning Unequal impact-higher biodiversity in colder countries; in some parts of the world agricultural land will increase while in others will decrease. Unequal ability to respond and adapt (developed vs developing) Industrial agriculture vs local urban agriculture Community supported agriculture – peri-urban suburban areas converted to farms for local communities. BUT urban gardens could also be argued as a technical solution to a political issue
4. Agriculture, Cities/land use, Climate change Dialectic link between the three: agriculture (what we eat) and cities (where we live) are challenged by climate change, while at the same time, agriculture and urban living is what contributes to climate change Transportation cost and structure accommodates the way the three concepts interact and is also an area for key change Case studies: UK expansion of agricultural land, Barcelona (community gardens), USA and Manchester community agricultural plots. Giacomo_dalisa@yahoo.it
