SaveAct provides financial services and supports sustainable livelihoods for the poor in South Africa through a stepped approach. It forms savings and credit groups that provide savings, loans, and a platform for training and enterprise development support. Members participate in life skills training, and some start commodity interest groups for activities like bulk purchasing of supplies, production support, and marketing. SaveAct tracks the impact of these interventions through surveys of members, finding that involvement in commodity groups has led to increased incomes, knowledge, and production for many through cheaper inputs, business training, and support for agricultural enterprises like potatoes, vegetables and livestock.
Summary of Budget 2016 presented in slide format for grassroots briefing
View the website version here: http://www.singaporebudget.gov.sg/budget_2016/BudgetMeasures.aspx
Olam has a network of 3.9 million smallholder farmers worldwide that it works with through its Olam Livelihood Charter program. In 2014, Olam reached a milestone of purchasing 1 million tonnes of agricultural products from 350,147 farmers participating in the program across 30 countries. The document provides details on the achievements in 2014, including increasing the number of farmers by 445% since 2010, providing various training programs, financing, and investing in social programs around health, education, and infrastructure.
This document outlines the key components of preparing an agribusiness plan, including an introduction to agribusiness ventures and why business plans are important. It discusses factors to consider for different types of agribusinesses like livestock, horticulture, and agronomy. The major sections of a business plan are summarized, such as the business overview, marketing plan, human resources plan, production plan, and financial plan. Reasons for business failures are also provided. The document provides a comprehensive overview of developing an agribusiness plan.
The document proposes a solution called "Sampoorna" to address hidden hunger and malnutrition in India. It aims to cater to all ages below the poverty line through the distribution of subsidized nutritional snacks and powders. The solution would leverage existing government infrastructure like the Public Distribution System and involve public-private partnerships for product development, manufacturing, and funding. It is implemented in phases starting with trials in five states and expanding nationwide over a decade. Challenges around awareness, acceptance, distribution costs are mitigated through various factors. The solution aims to have long term impact in reducing malnutrition and generating savings for the government.
Unilever in INDIA: Hindustan Lever's Project Shakti-Marketing FMCG to the Rur...ARPUTHA SELVARAJ A
Project Shakti is HUL's initiative to improve rural distribution and provide income opportunities for women. It selects villages and recruits local women to become direct-to-consumer retailers ("Shakti Amma") of HUL products. The women receive business training and credit support. They earn income through door-to-door selling and petty shops. The program aims to reach 600 million consumers across India by improving access to affordable products and generating sustainable livelihoods for rural women.
A short presentation of I&P's ESG & Impact Policy (2017). As an impact investor, I&P endeavors to achieve economic, social and governance impacts through its investments and has developed an extensive ESG and impact methodology, briefly presented in the document.
Este documento contém instruções para a realização de uma prova objetiva para o concurso público de técnico de atividade judiciária do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. As instruções incluem verificar se o caderno corresponde à opção de cargo escolhida, não marcar mais de uma alternativa por questão, e responder todas as questões em até 4 horas e 30 minutos.
Summary of Budget 2016 presented in slide format for grassroots briefing
View the website version here: http://www.singaporebudget.gov.sg/budget_2016/BudgetMeasures.aspx
Olam has a network of 3.9 million smallholder farmers worldwide that it works with through its Olam Livelihood Charter program. In 2014, Olam reached a milestone of purchasing 1 million tonnes of agricultural products from 350,147 farmers participating in the program across 30 countries. The document provides details on the achievements in 2014, including increasing the number of farmers by 445% since 2010, providing various training programs, financing, and investing in social programs around health, education, and infrastructure.
This document outlines the key components of preparing an agribusiness plan, including an introduction to agribusiness ventures and why business plans are important. It discusses factors to consider for different types of agribusinesses like livestock, horticulture, and agronomy. The major sections of a business plan are summarized, such as the business overview, marketing plan, human resources plan, production plan, and financial plan. Reasons for business failures are also provided. The document provides a comprehensive overview of developing an agribusiness plan.
The document proposes a solution called "Sampoorna" to address hidden hunger and malnutrition in India. It aims to cater to all ages below the poverty line through the distribution of subsidized nutritional snacks and powders. The solution would leverage existing government infrastructure like the Public Distribution System and involve public-private partnerships for product development, manufacturing, and funding. It is implemented in phases starting with trials in five states and expanding nationwide over a decade. Challenges around awareness, acceptance, distribution costs are mitigated through various factors. The solution aims to have long term impact in reducing malnutrition and generating savings for the government.
Unilever in INDIA: Hindustan Lever's Project Shakti-Marketing FMCG to the Rur...ARPUTHA SELVARAJ A
Project Shakti is HUL's initiative to improve rural distribution and provide income opportunities for women. It selects villages and recruits local women to become direct-to-consumer retailers ("Shakti Amma") of HUL products. The women receive business training and credit support. They earn income through door-to-door selling and petty shops. The program aims to reach 600 million consumers across India by improving access to affordable products and generating sustainable livelihoods for rural women.
A short presentation of I&P's ESG & Impact Policy (2017). As an impact investor, I&P endeavors to achieve economic, social and governance impacts through its investments and has developed an extensive ESG and impact methodology, briefly presented in the document.
Este documento contém instruções para a realização de uma prova objetiva para o concurso público de técnico de atividade judiciária do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. As instruções incluem verificar se o caderno corresponde à opção de cargo escolhida, não marcar mais de uma alternativa por questão, e responder todas as questões em até 4 horas e 30 minutos.
Este documento lista varios tipos de accesorios y prendas de vestir en español e inglés, incluyendo camisas, playeras, pantalones, faldas, zapatos, sombreros, abrigos, joyería y más. Proporciona traducciones simples de artículos comunes de ropa y accesorios del inglés al español.
El documento presenta una evaluación de nueve categorías relacionadas con una situación actual, mostrando los puntajes actuales y deseados para cada categoría. La mayoría de las categorías tienen un puntaje actual de 3 o 4, indicando que existen oportunidades para mejorar la situación en reuniones, proyectos, acceso a la expertis, relaciones, contexto, cultivo de la comunidad, participación individual y contenido.
A comunicação é a troca de informações entre duas ou mais pessoas através de diferentes elementos como linguagem verbal, gestual, expressões faciais ou outros meios como televisão e telefones. Os elementos mais importantes de um processo de comunicação incluem a linguagem, gestos, expressões e sentimentos compartilhados entre as pessoas.
The Facebook Generation - Boon or Bane for E-Learning at UniversitiesMartin Ebner
This document summarizes the findings of a multi-year study on university students' use of technology. It finds that students are well-equipped with devices and internet access, with a trend toward mobile access. Communication occurs mainly through Facebook, YouTube, and email. Facebook usage has increased dramatically and influenced a decline in other platforms. The researchers conclude that students seamlessly integrate web technologies into daily life and that platforms like Facebook are primarily communication mediums that shape interaction and collaboration.
Este documento discute estratégias para melhorar os resultados de uma editora, focando em melhorar a eficiência da cadeia de distribuição e dos canais de vendas. Ele destaca a importância de: (1) explorar todo o potencial das oportunidades já existentes antes de buscar novos mercados; (2) entender as necessidades de cada tipo de cliente para direcionar de forma estratégica; e (3) garantir infraestrutura e capacidade para atender adequadamente a demanda existente.
El documento presenta un programa Java que implementa un menú con opciones para calcular el área de diferentes figuras geométricas (triángulo, cuadrado, tetraedro y octaedro) utilizando la estructura switch. El usuario ingresa la opción deseada y las dimensiones requeridas para cada figura, y el programa muestra el resultado del cálculo correspondiente.
Este documento lista varios tipos de accesorios y prendas de vestir en español e inglés, incluyendo camisas, playeras, pantalones, faldas, zapatos, sombreros, abrigos, joyería y más. Proporciona traducciones simples de artículos comunes de ropa y accesorios del inglés al español.
El documento presenta una evaluación de nueve categorías relacionadas con una situación actual, mostrando los puntajes actuales y deseados para cada categoría. La mayoría de las categorías tienen un puntaje actual de 3 o 4, indicando que existen oportunidades para mejorar la situación en reuniones, proyectos, acceso a la expertis, relaciones, contexto, cultivo de la comunidad, participación individual y contenido.
A comunicação é a troca de informações entre duas ou mais pessoas através de diferentes elementos como linguagem verbal, gestual, expressões faciais ou outros meios como televisão e telefones. Os elementos mais importantes de um processo de comunicação incluem a linguagem, gestos, expressões e sentimentos compartilhados entre as pessoas.
The Facebook Generation - Boon or Bane for E-Learning at UniversitiesMartin Ebner
This document summarizes the findings of a multi-year study on university students' use of technology. It finds that students are well-equipped with devices and internet access, with a trend toward mobile access. Communication occurs mainly through Facebook, YouTube, and email. Facebook usage has increased dramatically and influenced a decline in other platforms. The researchers conclude that students seamlessly integrate web technologies into daily life and that platforms like Facebook are primarily communication mediums that shape interaction and collaboration.
Este documento discute estratégias para melhorar os resultados de uma editora, focando em melhorar a eficiência da cadeia de distribuição e dos canais de vendas. Ele destaca a importância de: (1) explorar todo o potencial das oportunidades já existentes antes de buscar novos mercados; (2) entender as necessidades de cada tipo de cliente para direcionar de forma estratégica; e (3) garantir infraestrutura e capacidade para atender adequadamente a demanda existente.
El documento presenta un programa Java que implementa un menú con opciones para calcular el área de diferentes figuras geométricas (triángulo, cuadrado, tetraedro y octaedro) utilizando la estructura switch. El usuario ingresa la opción deseada y las dimensiones requeridas para cada figura, y el programa muestra el resultado del cálculo correspondiente.
This document summarizes a two-day workshop held in Juba, South Sudan to discuss European Union-funded projects focused on food security and crisis response. The workshop brought together project managers from the Greater Upper Nile and Greater Bahr el Ghazal regions to share strategies and lessons learned. Presentations were given on various projects focused on building resilience, including village savings and loans associations, seed multiplication, and vocational training. While transitioning from emergency response to resilience building is showing signs of progress, more needs to be done to strengthen communities and change mindsets to rely less on handouts. The village savings groups in particular are demonstrating how communities can pool their own resources to boost livelihoods and food security.
This presentation summarizes the operations of an NGO in Bangladesh called ASA that provides microfinance and other development programs. It has over 7 million clients across Bangladesh and nearly 3000 branches. In addition to microfinance loans, it offers various non-financial programs related to education, health, sanitation, agriculture and more. These programs provide services like primary education for children, health clinics, training on agriculture techniques, and loans to support small businesses. While ASA has achieved significant scale and impact, the presentation notes some ongoing challenges including targeting the poorest groups, political interference, and ensuring clients can repay loans within the repayment period.
The document describes the Marketplace for Nutritious Foods initiative, which has four core initiatives to address malnutrition: large-scale food fortification, interventions to improve micronutrient deficiencies, interventions to improve nutrition of children under 2 and pregnant/lactating women, and interventions to improve the nutritional quality of agriculture. It discusses supporting local food businesses through a Community of Practice, Innovation Accelerator grants and technical assistance, and linking businesses to investors. Examples are provided of businesses in Mozambique, Tanzania and Kenya that received support to produce and sell fortified foods and increase access to nutritious options.
Sustanability and csr-way forward for HNB- SHANEL PERERA -07445.shanel perera
The document discusses corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives of HNB, a large bank in Sri Lanka. It provides details of HNB's CSR programs focused on education, health, environment and entrepreneurship. It also discusses how CSR can increase profits by promoting a company's reputation and enhancing employee loyalty. The document analyzes HNB's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and proposes recommendations to further enhance the bank's sustainability and CSR strategies, such as expanding its microfinance program and investing in environmental management systems.
Securing more income for the marginalized in Tanzania through dairy market hubsILRI
Leah Mwilaki runs a business in Tanzania linking about 1000 smallholder dairy farmers to markets. Through her business, farmers can access inputs like commercial feed and drugs on credit, with their milk deliveries as collateral (check-off system). Currently Leah buys milk from farmers at TSh 550/liter and sells it in Morogoro town at TSh 1000/liter. The MoreMilk project aims to improve incomes for marginalized communities through developing dairy market hubs like Leah's business that improve access to inputs and markets. The project works in 30 villages, facilitating the development of business linkages and providing training. Early results show an increase in the number of farmers organized in groups and engagement in market connections
The meeting discussed livestock activities in Cox's Bazar refugee camps and host communities. Partners provided updates on their livestock programs and 5W reporting. A field visit overview was presented, noting observations from a joint visit to livestock activities implemented by four organizations. Expectations and questions from participants focused on good practices, distribution processes, disease prevention, market opportunities, and collaboration between organizations. Discussion sessions addressed livestock variety selection, distribution methods, farm management practices, and cost-benefit analyses of poultry and goat rearing projects, finding them to be profitable activities. Challenges mentioned included transportation, infrastructure, and disease prevention.
Nestlé views CSR as an integral part of its business strategy to create long-term value for both the business and society. It aims to create shared value across its entire value chain from agricultural sourcing to manufacturing to products and consumers. In Malaysia, Nestlé's CSR initiatives focus on education and improving lives through programs like contract farming for poor farmers, building kindergartens in rural areas, and mentoring small food businesses. Nestlé employees are also actively involved in CSR through the Nestlé REACHING OUT program.
Vsla vs mfi linkage and product design study report by teshale endalamawTeshale Endalamaw
The document summarizes the findings of a study assessing the needs and preferences of PSNP participants and Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) in Dale and Loka Abaya Woredas, Ethiopia for financial products and services. Key findings include:
1) VSLAs expressed a need for larger loan amounts to expand their businesses and a willingness to save with and take loans from microfinance institutions (MFIs) as groups.
2) Common business opportunities identified include grain, cattle, and petty trading, but current VSLA capital is limited.
3) Seasonal analyses showed household income and expenditures fluctuate, as does availability of casual work, indicating a need for savings and
Social protection, agriculture and the From Protection to Production projectFAO
http://www.fao.org/economic/PtoP/en/
Presented during the From Protection to Production project workshop, 24-25 September 2013, FAO HQ.
The From Protection to Production (PtoP) project is a multi-country impact evaluation of cash transfers in sub-Saharan Africa. The project is a collaborative effort between the FAO, the UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office and the governments of Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Project activities are mainly funded by the Regular Fund, the DFID Research and Evidence Division and the EU.
The document summarizes Nestle's approach to corporate social responsibility (CSR). It discusses how CSR is an integral part of Nestle's business strategy and culture, with the goal of creating shared value for both the business and society. Key aspects of Nestle's CSR efforts include partnering with agricultural suppliers to improve yields and incomes, investing in employees and local communities, and ensuring products provide nutrition. CSR programs are tailored for each market and aim to meet UN Millennium Development Goals.
The document discusses Wigan Council's approach to public health transformation since public health functions transferred from the NHS to local authorities in 2013. Key points:
1. Wigan takes an integrated approach to "Start Well, Live Well, Age Well" through programmes like children's services integration and risk-stratified care models for working age adults.
2. Examples show progress in reducing obesity, smoking, and mortality rates faster than England and neighboring areas.
3. Lessons include identifying change agents, tailored training, sharing success stories, and councillor engagement to promote health and wellbeing.
Sacred Heart Savings Cooperative (SHSC) is a multi-service cooperative with 21 branches and over 700 employees. It has grown significantly in recent years with total assets increasing from over 3 billion pesos in 2018 to over 3.6 billion pesos in 2019. In addition to traditional savings and loan programs, SHSC operates various business enterprises including a diagnostic clinic, printing shop, event center, coffee shops, and grocery store. It also runs training programs in partnership with government agencies and foundations. Notable agricultural programs include a crop production program serving over 500 farmers, a seedling production program, and an animal production program involving dispersal of over 1,600 hogs to farmers in 2019.
Presentation by Olu Ajayi (PHD) from the Technical Centre for Agricultural and rural Cooperation (CTA), at the workshop on Gender and Climate-Smart Agriculture in Eastern and Southern Africa Region: Case studies and lessons from 02 to 04 November 2016, Nairobi, Kenya
Youth in agriculture: Entrepreneurial perspectiveAlok Sahoo
Youth in Agriculture : ARYA,, Entrepreneurial perspective in agriculture which can attract youth. Modernity with improved technologies which can attract youth..etc..
Tanzania Smallholder Dairy Value Chain Research for Development: Proposal for...ILRI
This document proposes Phase 2 of the Maziwa Zaidi project in Tanzania, which aims to catalyze the uptake of dairy technologies through agri-entrepreneurship and market systems approaches. Phase 1 tested hub models to increase input and service use with some success, but found it quicker to engage agripreneurs who then link to farmer groups. Phase 2 will package and pilot best technology options, focusing on empowering agri-entrepreneurs through skills training, incubation, and enabling policies to deliver technologies profitably. The goal is an inclusive and sustainable dairy value chain benefitting smallholders and the environment through increased productivity, incomes, and safe milk consumption. Key research questions focus on conditions for market systems to
Similar to Agricultrual enterprise development 2013 2014 Overivew (20)
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
2. What does SaveAct do?
Financial Services & Sustainable Livelihoods for the Poor – Yakha Impilo engcono ngokulondoloza imali!
A stepped-approach, with self-selection ‘filters’:
Channelling human capital
Mobilisation of
Savings & Credit
Groups:
• Savings as a ‘glue’
stimulating social
capital
• Social fund
• Platform for
efficient & effective
support strategies
Savings & Credit
Life skills training
& financial
education
• Enhances
awareness of risks &
opportunities
• Economic literacy
• Improved coping
strategies
• Consumption
smoothing
• Improved capacity
to take risk
Enterprise
development
• Stimulates
formation of
enterprises
• Incubated in
savings groups &
commodity
investment groups
• Fed by savings &
credit, share-outs,
Isiqalo Training
• Improved
capacity for self-
reliant action
People
choose to
participate
in a
structured
process
with
rewards ...
What to do?
Towards more sustainable livelihoods & financial services for the poor
3. How does SaveAct support enterprise
development
Financial Services & Sustainable Livelihoods for the Poor – Yakha Impilo engcono ngokulondoloza imali!
1. Savings Groups express
interest (2-4 )
- More mature
- Finalised financial education
-Specific interest and groups
(FOs, CBPs)
2. CIG Initiaton process:
- Introduction
-PVCA
- Prioritization of
commodities
(FOs, CBPs EDOs)
3. Commodity Interest Groups
(CIGs) formed
- registration of members- Action
plan developed
-Chronology of intervnetions per
commodity of interest defined
(FOs, CBPs EDOs)
4. Isiqalo (enterprise)
training
Business plans developed
(factoring in share-outs/ loan
capital & collective
opportunity, eg bulk buying)
(EDOs, businses trainers)
5. CIG Activities :
-Input supply, bulk buying
-production support , training
and farmer innovation
-Marketing support; joint
initaitves, innovative ideas,
agribusiness inolvement and
negotiation.
(EDOs , agric trainers)
6. CIGs mentored
- Including bulk buying
- Further business plan mentoring
- Monitoring of individual
pariticipants
-Special interest meetings
-Support for local facilitators
(EDOs research staff, interns, FOs)
4. PVCA: participatory value chain
assessment
• Helps to prioritize commodities of interest for the area based on criteria developed
by participants. Includes local ‘’market assessment”
• People interested in business start up training chosen from these groups –
members belong to a number of local SCGS
Financial Services & Sustainable Livelihoods for the Poor – Yakha Impilo engcono ngokulondoloza imali!
5. Commodity Interest Groups (CIGs)
• CIGS set up in Matatiele for potatoes, vegetables, maize,
sheep, cattle and pigs
•
Financial Services & Sustainable
Livelihoods for the Poor – Yakha Impilo
engcono ngokulondoloza imali!
Sthathi.
Khubetsoana,
Mpharane,
Moyaneng
Thinana/Ghobo
Khubetsonana,
Mpharane,
Moyaneng
Thafa,
Mehloloaneng,
Nchodu,
Hebron
Lubisini
Conservation
Agriculture
CIGs
6. Scaling out with CIGs
Farmer Centre
– Pontsheng;
inputs, advice,
access to tolos for
sharing, hiring etc
Sekhutlong
-CIG
-CA learning group
-5 new farmer based trials
Mapheng
-CIG
-CA learning group
- 2-3 farmer based trials
Pontsheng
-CIG
-CA learning group
-7 CA farmer mentors 2ndary level
experimentation
- 35 Farmer participants linked to farmer
mentors
Nkau
-CIG
-CA learning group
-CA farmer mentor with 5
farmer volunteers
Financial Services & Sustainable Livelihoods for the Poor – Yakha Impilo engcono ngokulondoloza imali!
8. Business start up training; Isiqalo
• Linked to the CIGs and commodities
of interest.
• 4 day training leading into CIG process
of mentoring and production support.
Financial Services & Sustainable Livelihoods for the Poor – Yakha Impilo engcono
ngokulondoloza imali!
Isiqalo training summary (2013) Matatiele Bergville TOTAL
Isiqalo trainee days 102 52 154
Improvement of current business (acc to business
plans submitted)
40 (n=69) 30 70
New businesses (Acc to new business plans
submitted)
16 (n=69) 31 47
Isiqalo themes per training group: Maize 1
Poultry; broiler production 1
Sheep; meat and wool 1
Vegetable production and sheep management 1
Vegetable production and poultry 2
9. Production support
• Training through local and other
specialists e.g pig production
• Mentoring; short and practical
sessions on issues of concern in a
commodity e.g. Grading of wool
for sheep production
• Farmer innovation; tackle a whole
production system and issues of
efficiency ,e.g. Conservation
Agriculture
• Include stakeholders in market
chain e.g. Seed suppliers,
agribusiness (Grain Sa and
Poultry SA)
Financial Services & Sustainable Livelihoods for the Poor – Yakha Impilo engcono
ngokulondoloza imali!
10. Financial Services & Sustainable
Livelihoods for the Poor – Yakha Impilo
engcono ngokulondoloza imali!
11. Marketing
• Local marketing mainly; Joint discussions around the issues – oversupply
at certain times, developing niches, different types of crop (e.g. different
varieties of potato seed or planting different times,),joint activities such as
joining together for pension days.
• New ideas – e.g. Local milling, production and supply of animal fodder –
different types- teff, lucerne
• Some individual marketing in town, or buyers coming to them.
• Still the best option – becomes more of an issue as production increases
Financial Services & Sustainable
Livelihoods for the Poor – Yakha Impilo
engcono ngokulondoloza imali!
12. Involvement in CIGs; improvements
and issues
Has not
improved
16%
Income
improved
5%
Inputs
cheaper
29%Inputs
easier
to
access
2%
Knowledg
e gained
14%
Markets
found
3%
Other
7%
Productio
n better
19%
Working
together
with
communit
y
members
5%
Business improvement through
involvement in CIGs; Matatiele
N=85
Financial Services & Sustainable Livelihoods for the Poor – Yakha Impilo engcono ngokulondoloza imali!
Credit
3%
Inputs
25%
Knowledge
1%
Market
4%
No issues
18%
Other
12%
Production
factors
18%
Weather
19%
Present business issues; Matatiele,
N=85
13. Livelihood concerns
• Track the complex
interactions between
multiple and diverse
livelihood activities and
their contribution towards
overall livelihoods
• Track increase in
production, enterprise
activities and income
through involvement in
CIGS
Financial Services & Sustainable Livelihoods for the Poor – Yakha Impilo engcono
ngokulondoloza imali!
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
NumberofPeople
Average Monthly Income
Income Distribution of Respondents ; Bergville N=40
CIG Member
Non-Member
>R6 000
2%
Don't know
2%
R1001-R2000
55%
R1-R500
5%
R2 001-
R3000
17%
R3001-R4000
4%
R4001-R6000
1% R501-
R1000
14%
Income distribution of CIG members in Matatiele
N=100
14. Livelihoods tracking
• E surveys (Dooblo) – for
tracking CIGs, isiqalo and
livelihoods outcomes
• Uploaded and analysed in
Excel
• Individual reports with
photos and GPS points
possible.
• Building up over time –
interview the same people
over time, increase
number of people included
in monitoring, provide
baselines through those
involved in SCGs but not in
CIGS
Financial Services & Sustainable
Livelihoods for the Poor – Yakha Impilo
Maize None Potato Poultry Sheep
Vegetable
s
member 16 1 40 13 2 13
non member 14 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Noofpeopleinvolved Agricultural enterprise involvement; main enterprise
Matatiele N=100
Agricultural
enterprise
CIG member;
Main enterprise
Non
member Total
Single
enterprise
Total no Cig
members involved
in enterprise
Maize 16 16 1 47
None 1 14 15 15
Potato 40 1 41 3 41
Poultry 13 13 11 42
Sheep 2 2 2 12
Vegetables 13 13 8 53
Pigs - - - - 15
Total 85 15 100 25
15. Use of SCG loans for enterprise
development
Agric Enterprise Basic Needs Education
House
Improvements
Non-agricultural
enterprise
Other: start
enterprise
Other: Pay off
debt
Other
Loan 1 17 15 14 16 3 2 2 6
Loan 2 16 17 10 32 2 0 0 3
Loan 3 7 13 5 6 1 0 0 2
Loan 4 1 6 0 1 0 0 0 1
Loan 5 1 4 0 1 0 0 0 0
Total 42 55 29 56 6 2 2 12
% 21% 27% 14% 27% 3% 1% 1% 6%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Noofpeople
Use of SCG loans in 2013 cycle; Matatiele
Financial Services & Sustainable
Livelihoods for the Poor – Yakha Impilo
engcono ngokulondoloza imali!
16. Livelihoods cont.: E survey example
Financial Services & Sustainable Livelihoods for the Poor
Question
ID
Question: CIG involvement Answer
50 What activities have you been involved with in your CIG Meetings,Learning
sessions,Implementation,Joint action
51 Describe any new activities you have been involved in CA trial
52 How has your business improved since you have been
involved with the CIGs?
Inputs cheaper, Inputs easier to access,
Production better, Knowledge gained
53 What are your present business issues? Weather, Knowledge, Moles on potatoes
and insect pests
54 What further support would you like to receive? Training on production as well as home
remedies in dealing with pests as chemicals
are expensive and difficult to follow
properly.
17. Livelihoods cont.
Financial Services & Sustainable
Livelihoods for the Poor – Yakha Impilo
engcono ngokulondoloza imali!
Ques
tion
ID
ISIQALO: Question Answer
55 Have you received Isiqalo business
training from SaveAct?
Yes
56 Do you want to receive Isiqalo business
training from SaveAct?
57 In what year did you receive this training? 2012
58 What was the theme of your Isiqalo
training?
Vegetables
59 Would you be interested in repeating the
training or have additional similar training?
Yes
60 Did you fill in a business plan? Yes
61 Why have you decided not to fill in a
business plan?
62 What was the enterprise you filled out the
business plan for?
Vegetables
63 Have you implemented your business
plan?
No
64 Why have you not implemented your
business plan?
She decided not to follow
through vegetables as an
enterprise. Doesn’t see viable
enterprise as yet but thinks
maize may be it, waiting to see
on the performance.
65 What has the income been from THIS
enterprise in the last year?
R 0
66 Please rate the Isiqalo training in terms of
how helpful you found it.
4
18. Income from Agricultural Enterprises -
Matatiele• Incomes a ‘slow’ to increase through involvement in AEs and CIGs due to
larger economic and structural issues of market access
• Participants mainly use production for household consumption but do
contribute around 15% to their overall incomes with these activities.
Financial Services & Sustainable
Livelihoods for the Poor – Yakha Impilo
engcono ngokulondoloza imali!
0 2 4 6 8
Do not participate
in this enterprise
R0
R1001-R1500
R1501-R2000
R201-R500
R3001-R4000
Poultry
Income from Poultry production
Total
0 2 4 6
Do not participate
in this enterprise
I don't know
R0
R1-R200
R201-R500
R501-R1000
Vegetables
Income from Vegetable production
Total
0 10 20 30
Potato member I…
Potato member R0
Potato member…
Potato member…
Potato member…
Potato member…
Potato member…
Potato member R8…
Potato non…
Income from potato production
Total
19. Financial Services & Sustainable Livelihoods for the Poor – Yakha Impilo engcono
ngokulondoloza imali!
info@saveact.org.za
Editor's Notes
There are three main components in SaveAct approach and they are seen by SaveAct as forming a stepped-approach.
The first pillar of the approach is the creation of savings and credit groups. These are seen as platform for building social capital and promote support strategies.
The second component of the approach is the financial education training which is provided to SCG members. This is meant to improve their ability to manage their finance and gain control over them.
As a third step, SaveAct promotes the development of enterprise with its more mature members. This is done in several ways, such as through training and mentorship.
The overall approach is meant to bring poor people towards more sustainable livelihoods and greater choice of financial services.
Even more important is how people can keep their enterprise running and the study found large evidence that SCGs provide access to credit to support existing enterprise.
In the study we asked all SCG members who were involved in enterprise if they had used an SCG loan to support their enterprise activities in the last 12 months. 78% in B and 59% in M used at least one loan to support their enterprises. (showing the relevance of the model for enterprise)
When asked to explain how being a member of an SCG helped them in supporting an enterprise:
Most members said that access to credit meant that they were able to buy stock and inputs when needed
They were able to invest more and increase their profits
In Bergville they said that it provided them with financial stability and access to bigger markets (Bergville)
While in Matatiele, members spoke about the knowledge shared within the group (Matatiele)
SCGs build on a culture of informal savings groups. The last theme we will cover here is building agency and social capital. When asked about the reasons for joining SCGs and the benefits of SCG membership, the sense of increased financial security came out strongly.
Members mentioned that SCG membership:
Improved their confidence in the ability to manage their own finances
Gave them more financial independence and decreased their reliance to loan sharks.
The third way in which SCG membership supports enterprise development is that it enables investment.
Members in both sites were asked about the main purposes of the loans they took out in 2011. From the list of uses we found that about 70% of the loans reported could be categorised as being used for investment purposes.
To explain, here non-investment referred to:
Buying food and groceries
Medical expenses
Expenses for social and cultural events
Or repaying debts
The investment purposes here are divided into four categories, with household investment being the largest in both areas:
This refers to buying building materials to renovate or extend a home or to build a house from scratch; it also refers to buying assets such as fridges or lounge suites.
Therefore many members are investing in meeting their household needs, and in doing so they are likely to be better and to focus on enterprise in the long run.
In the phased approach of SaveAct, it is argued that basic household stability and consumption smoothing needs to be secured before members feel ready to take a risk on enterprise. The above figures show that many members are investing in meeting their household needs; in doing so they are likely to be better able to focus on enterprise in the long run.
As asset bases expand, so aversion to risk tends to decrease, thereby increasing the likelihood of their expanding enterprise activity, including starting new enterprises
In the phased approach of SaveAct, it is argued that basic household stability and consumption smoothing needs to be secured before members feel ready to take a risk on enterprise. The above figures show that many members are investing in meeting their household needs; in doing so they are likely to be better able to focus on enterprise in the long run.
Circularity: In both sites, money from grants was most commonly used to pay back loans (45% in Bergville and 65% in Matatiele). As a regular and predictable source of income, the receipt of grants allows SCG members to plan the repayment of their loans. Earnings from enterprise were also mentioned as a source (45% in Bergville and 34% in Matatiele). This again underlines the importance of the two-way relationship between SCGs and enterprise – not only do savings and loans from the savings group support enterprise, but income from enterprise enables SCG members to pay back the loans they have taken.
The use of share outs also showed a similar pattern.
Household improvements and assets were the top priority followed by buying food or groceries and then paying for educational expenses and the buying of clothes.
We left it as last theme but it is actually a very important one. SCGs build on a culture of informal savings groups. The last theme we will cover here is building agency and social capital. When asked about the reasons for joining SCGs and the benefits of SCG membership, the sense of increased financial security came out strongly.
Members mentioned that SCG membership:
Improved their confidence in the ability to manage their own finances
Gave them more financial independence and decreased their reliance to loan sharks.
Reducing vulnerability is essential before people are willing to take a risk.
As asset bases expand, so aversion to risk tends to decrease, thereby increasing the likelihood of their expanding enterprise activity, including starting new enterprises
There was also a sense of ownership, as the money is kept in the community by the members.
Also under investment we again looked for an indication of trends over time by comparing the levels of savings of newer members with levels of older members. It appears that the longer one is a member, the more one tends to save.
There are several possible reasons for this:
SCG members may tend to save more as they become more familiar and comfortable with the savings group methodology, see the returns on their money and their trust in the model grows
Or because there is increasing involvement in enterprise over time.
Again, this study has given an indication but it would be useful to explore this further in a longitudinal study.
It also came out strongly that being together in an SCG also helps members to build mutual support and trust in each other as well as a new sense of collectivity. Several used words or phrases such as love, unity, friendship and advice in describing the benefits of SCG membership, and one referred to gaining a “spirit of working together”.
Lastly, most members also said that when they take out loans, they are the ones who decide how to use them. This is notable because most of the SCG members are women.