The document discusses methods for estimating a person's age, including by examining their teeth, ossification of bones, and secondary sexual characteristics. It notes that a doctor's age estimate is not proof but an opinion. It describes analyzing teeth for age estimation, including Gustafson's criteria of attrition, periodontitis, secondary dentine formation, cementum apposition, root resorption, and transparency. Ossification of bones is also examined, noting the centers of bone growth that appear during pregnancy and after birth. The accuracy of age estimation decreases after age 25 when premature aging may occur. The legal process for determining a person's age in cases is also outlined.

1. Age estimation
N.BHARATHI

2. DOCTOR'S ESTIMATE ABOUT AGE IS
NOT PROOF BUT MERELY AN OPTION

3. Age:
Age of an individual can be determined from
1. Teeth
2. Ossification Of bones
3. Secondary sexual characters
4. General development in case of children

4. 1)Teeth:
● They are useful by
i. The state of development
ii. Secondary changes
● Temporary or deciduous teeth:
■ They are 20 in number ;4 incisors, 2 canines,4 molars in each Jaw
● Permanent teeth:
■ They are 32 in number;4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 premolars and 6
molars in each jaw

8. Gustafson’s method:
This method is used for age estimation in adults by studying the progressive
changes in an individual tooth

9. ● Gustafson’s criteria
i. Degree of attrition (wearing off teeth)
ii. Periodontists
iii. Secondary dentine formation
iv. Cementum apposition
v. Root resorption
vi. Transparency of the root

10. ● Miles(1963) suggested that transparency of root is the most accurate
criteria .
● Boyd(1963) devised a age estimation from incremental lines of enamel
■ These lines can be seen on histological sections Of teeth and
represent daily increments of growth.
■ A well marked line known as “neonatal line” ,is formed at birth.

11. 2)Ossification of bones:
● The earliest centers of Ossification appear at the end of second month of
pregnancy .
● At the 11th week of IUL ,there are 806 centers of bone growth;at birth
about 450;while the adult skeleton has 206 bones.
● Generally, Ossification begins centrally in an epiphysis and spreads
peripherally as it gets bigger .
● Fusion of bones occurs one year earlier in females than in males .

13. 3)Secondary sexual characters:

14. ● The estimation of age becomes more uncertain after the age
of 25 yrs .
● Premature aging may be produced due to illness ,malnutrition,
suffering, anxiety or worry.

15. Procedure for determination of age :
● In medicolegal cases,the age of a person is determined by medical officer on
requisition from the police officer or magistrate .
● Written consent of the person should be taken.
● The following particulars must be taken
i. Name,father's name, age alleged by the person,sex,occupation and
address
ii. Date,time and place of examination
iii. Name of the police constable accompanying the person

16. 4)marks of identification
5)name of the nurse or attendant present at the medical
examination
6)height and weight
7)general build and changes of puberty
8)radiological examination of bones

17. MEDICOLEGAL IMPORTANCE OF AGE:

19. Thank you