Project of Health Management Information System (HMIS)

1. AGE AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN DEPRESSION
(BY USING EPIDATA)
FINAL PROJECT
ON
PRESENTED BY
SYEDA ANUM AHMAD
NIDA NAEEM
ZEBA ANWER

2. INTRODUCTION:
Depression is a serious psychological disorder that affects
mental state of an individual for a long time. This mental
disturbance sometimes occurs due to sadness, the feeling
of past and present experiences in one’s life .It affects
people of all ages, genders and background.
Purpose of study/Objective:
To identify an area for which indicators, entry program
and reporting mechanisms are developed by the
significant use of epidata.

3. Types of depression
Types of
depression
MAJOR
DEPRESSION
BIPOLAR OR
MANIC
DEPRESSION
DYSTHYMIC,
OR
DYSTHYMIA

4. Continuous sad mood
 little or no interest in activities that were
previously enjoyed
significant changes in appetite,
 trouble falling asleep or oversleeping,
 loss of energy,
worthlessness feelings with irrelevant regret,
 difficult in thinking and concentration,
 frequent thoughts of death or suicide
SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION:

5. Uses:
Creating questionnaire
Controlled data entry
Comparing 2 data files
Importing and exporting data
Simple analyses
No limit on the number of
observations
Epidata and its Use:
“Epidata refers to a group of applications used in
combination for creating documented data,
structures and analysis of quantitative data.”

6. Justification:
There are many questions that come in mind
while studying the depression relationship:
which age category is more vulnerable to
depression?
what is the peak age to study depression?
Are women more vulnerable to depression than
men?
So these two indicators were selected.
Selected indicator
AGE & GENDER

7. BACKGROUND
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-
1A, BDI-II), created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-
question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one
of the most widely used instruments for measuring
the severity of depression.

8. The original BDI, first published in 1961 consisted of twenty-one questions about
how the subject has been feeling in the last week. Each question has a set of at
least four possible answer choices, ranging in intensity. For example:
(0) I do not feel sad.
(1) I feel sad.
(2) I am sad all the time and I can't snap out of it.
(3) I am so sad or unhappy that I can't stand it.
When the test is scored, a value of 0 to 3 is assigned for each answer and then
the total score is compared to a key to determine the depression's severity. The
standard cut-offs are as follows
0–9: indicates minimal depression
10–18: indicates mild depression
19–29: indicates moderate depression
30–63: indicates severe depression.
Higher total scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms.

9. Method:
Method

10. SAMPLE:
The questionnaire was distributed involving
participants from Aga khan hospital ,Darul sahat and
Liaqat national hospital from non medical staff to
nurses and physicians and medical students.
Inclusion criteria were
i) the gender of the participants
ii) their age group.

12. Statistical analysis and discussion:
MINIMAL MILD MODERATE SEVERE
MALE (N=39) 44% 28.20% 23.07% 5%
FEMALE(N=61) 25% 25% 31% 20%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
r Rate Of Depression according to gender difference

13. 50%
13%
25%
13%
31% 32%
22%
15%17%
8%
67%
8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
MINIMAL MILD MODERATE SEVERE
TEENAGERS(12-19YEARS)
YOUNG ADULTS(20-30YEARS)
ADULTS(>30 YEARS)
RATE OF DEPRESSION ACCORODING TO AGE

14. young Adults mostly between the ages (20-30 years) are at greater risk of
developing depression when checked, 15% of the young adults shows a sever
sign of having depression while only 13% teenagers were diagnosed as
depressed and the adults shows the least response and only 8% were diagnosed
as depressed.
women shows increased ratio of depression as compare to men.
31% women were at the risk of developing depression with 25% more likely to
diagnose depression while 20% were being diagnosed as depression while as
compare to male only 5% shows the severity of depression.
The overall observed ratio among and men and women is 3:1 that is every three
women suffers through this disease to every one male sufferer.

15. Conclusion
Adults have shown a different response as the age increases they
show little interest in physiological activities and there severity to
depression decreases.
With the passage of time as they move towards older age they
show hopelessness feelings towards life and their response
towards severity of depression is minimal.
Teenagers are independent and free from any kind of
responsibilities and fewer teens were at clinical or borderline
depression.
According to the gender differences females show greater
response towards the severity of depression than males. This has
also been proven from many past researches that women are
more vulnerable to depression than men and they get upsets
quickly at minor annoyances.
Epidata is the useful software for data entry and analysis
,all possible analysis were done by this software