This document discusses Persian migration literature written by Iranian authors living abroad. It provides examples of works by two authors, Goli Taraghi and Shahrnush Parsipur. For Goli Taraghi, it summarizes several of her stories that touch on themes of duality in migrant identity, difficulties of living abroad, and problems migrants face when returning home. For Shahrnush Parsipur, it discusses her novels AGHLE ABI and MARDAN BAR BARABAR-E ZANAN, noting they focus on political causes of migration and fears of staying in one's homeland. The conclusion compares the two authors, finding Goli Taraghi's works draw from childhood memories while Parsipur

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Afsane Hasanzade Dastjerdi
Asssistant Professor in Persian Language and
Literature University of Hazrate Narjes
Rafsanjan/ Iran

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A large body of the contemporary novels of Persian has been
written in abroad. However, not all of the novels created out
of Iran can be truly categorized under the label of migration
literature.
It is possible to say although these writers have been able to
cross the conventional geographical boundaries, they have
not been successful in crossing cultural boundaries.

3. Introduction:
In a general definition, migration literature covers works as
poems, novels, plays, film scripts, and critical works that are
written out of the boundaries of a nation, in another country.
The important point is that only based on the author of a work
living in another country and creating it there, we cannot
categorize a work as migration literature.
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4. Works written by Iranian migrate writers are different,
regarding subjects of these works and purpose of their
writings.
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Some are written to criticize the present political system
 some for providing hidden information
 some are written with erotic contents
but the most important subject is duality in the identity of
migrators and their internal mental tensions.

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6. Some of the works created in the field of Persian
migration literature:
Goli Taraghi
Goli Taraghi stories mostly originate from her childhood and only
in a limited number of them we observe the difficulty of living in
solitude in a foreign country and spiritual confusing situation of
migrators. For these characters home is a secure shelter.
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7. Some works of Goli Taraghi are here:
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 BAZIY-E NATAMAM ‘Unfinished Game’
 SAFAR-E BOZORG-E AMINE ‘Great Trip
of Amine’
 ANARBANU VA PESARHAYASH ‘Anarbanu
and Her Sons’
 DERAKHTE GOLABI ‘The Pear Tree’
 BOZORGBANUY-E RUH-E MAN ‘The Great
Lady of My Soul’, and JAYI DIGAR ‘Another
Place’

8. In BAZIYE NATAMAM, the writer have paid attention to
the differences that exist between native and foreign
culture and migrators criticism of native culture and their
problems when return home.
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The story of ANARBANU VA PESARHAYASH continues
the previous story. Moreover, one of the other main
causes of migration mentioned in this story is political
problems. By mentioning and picturing the kinds of
problems that Anarbanu experiences, the writer tries to
picture the problems of the migrator too.

9. SAFAR-E BOZORG-E AMINE is the story of life of Amine,
a servant from Bangladesh, her wishes and unpleasant
bitter facts of her life. In this story, the writer narrates the
life condition of another woman from the orient.
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In story of FERESHTEHA, the narrator now an adult
who has migrated, during speaking to another migrator
who is the teacher of Persian for her children, returns
back to the sweat world of the past. The last story of this
collection at the same time is the last part of the
narrator story of her past. By writing this story, the
narrator feelings improve and this time sees beauties of
her world.

10. Shahrnush Parsipur
AGHLE ABI: Escaping the reality and intolerable burden of
usuality, making extra use of imagination and to see the
universe in an unusual way is the significant characteristic of
the novel AGHLE ABI.
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MARDAN BAR BARABAR-E ZANAN: In this novel,
the narrator thinks about migrating because of the
political causes and being afraid of staying in her
homeland.
MARDAN BAR BARABAR-E ZANAN: Here, the narrator
thinks about migrating because of the political causes and
being afraid of staying in her homeland.

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Conclusion
The characters of Goli Taraghi stories mostly take shelter
in their time of childhood and express the pleasant
reminiscences of that period.
Parsipur pay attention predominantly to the causes of
migrating. In the two novels studied of Parsipur, also there
is no sign of making use of language to create special
feelings or meanings.

12. “I will send you to the U.S. I like you to continue your
study in economy or become a physician. Do whatever
you like, but do not allow anybody to humiliate you just
for being a woman” .
(FERESHTEHA, 176)
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