Afghanistan is a landlocked country located in Central Asia with a population of around 30 million. It has a mountainous terrain with the Hindu Kush mountains and borders 6 countries. Afghanistan has a presidential government with an elected president serving as head of state and commander-in-chief. The country has close bilateral relations with India, with India funding several infrastructure and development projects in Afghanistan. The economy relies on agriculture and natural resources like natural gas and coal. Key environmental issues include limited fresh water and degradation of soil and forests.

1. AFGHANISTAN
A. J. NIAZI
En.aj.niazi@gmail.com

2. Geographic Features:
• Continent: Asia
• Region: Central Asia
• Area: 647,500 km2 (250,000 sq mi)
• Climate: Arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers
• Natural Resources:
Natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, chromite,
talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt,
precious and semiprecious stone…
• Natural Hazards: Earthquakes, flooding, avalanches
• Environmental Issues: Limited fresh water,
soil degradation, overgrazing, deforestation, desertification,
• Borders: With 6 Countries
• Has 34 provinces,
• 30 Million population,
• Afghanistan is a Mountain country, (2/3 )
• The Second high Mountain of the World is located in Afghanistan.

3. Afghanistan in pictures

10. Relation with countries
• Afghanistan has good relations with countries…

11. Relation with India
Bilateral relations between the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and
the Republic of India have traditionally been strong and friendly.
The relation has been tighten up with friendly help of Indian
government to Afghanistan including infrastructures education, health
care, social welfare, training, military supports and economical
development.
Salma dam and Afghanistan Parliament house projects are the course
examples of India cooperation and commitment to Afghanistan
government.

14. Government Structure and Function
Executive Branch
• Afghanistan’s president is the head of state.
• The president is directly elected to a five-year term.
• There is a two term limit on the president.
• The president of Afghanistan also has the power to appoint cabinet ministers,
• The president is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces,
• All laws in Afghanistan must be approved by the National Assembly and endorsed by the president, and the president has
the power to veto any laws approved by the legislature.
Legislative Branch (National Assembly)
• The National Assembly is divided into two chambers: the Wolesi Jirga or "House of the People" and the Meshrano Jirga or
"House of Elders."
• Wolesi Jirga: Lok sabh
• 250 members
• Each member is directly elected to five-year terms.
• Representatives are allocated to each of Afghanistan’s 34 provinces in proportion to their population
• According to the Constitution, there must be 68 female - each province must have at least one female representative.
• Meshrano Jirga: Raj sabh
• 102 members
Judicial Branch
• The Supreme Court consists of nine members appointed by the president and approved by the Wolesi Jirga for a single
period of ten years.

15. COUNCIL OF MINISTERS,
• Ministry of Water and Energy
• Ministry of Public Works
• Ministry of Information & Culture
• Ministry of Public Health
• Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation & Livestock
• Ministry of Economy
• Ministry of Communication & Information Technology
• Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation & Development
• Ministry of Transport & Civil Aviation
• Ministry of Women
• Ministry of Urban Development Affairs
• Ministry of Justice
• And …..

16. How it works? Province
• President – Governor in provinces
• Departments of ministries ….
• SLC in Province –
• Elected directly by people
• 5 year term
• Seats depend on pop. (10-50)
• PDP – province development plan
• PAP – Province Action Plan

19. • Delhi –NCR area = 46208 km 2
• Ahmadabad area = 464 km 2
• Vadodara area = 225 km 2
• Kabul area = 275 km 2

20. Policies …. ( city planning)
• Municipal Governance Support Programme (MGSP)
• Future of Afghan Cities Programme (FoAC)
• Afghanistan Urban Peacebuilding Programme (AUPP)
• Community-Led Urban Infrastructure Programme
• National Solidarity Programme (NSP)
• Kabul Solidarity Programme (KSP)
• And many more ….

21. Kabul Solidarity Programme (KSP)
• Upgrading and Management with community participation
• Need identified and prioritizing by people
• Citizens are willing to contribute in improvement
• Implemented in more than 3 districts of KM
• KM leads KSP for total city-wide coverage

26. Daniwat!