Affordable Care Act on North Carolina.docx
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The Affordable Care Act had a significant impact on North Carolina's uninsured population. It expanded insurance coverage to many residents, helping to increase access to healthcare. However, providing this coverage came at a large cost to healthcare organizations. Treating newly insured patients affected the organizations' finances and ability to control costs. The act also impacted patients, both positively and negatively. It improved access and quality of care for some, while potential increases in costs were a concern for others. The expansion of coverage presented ethical challenges for balancing organizational finances with patients' healthcare needs.
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Health Care SpendingNo one is immune to the rising costs of heal.docx
Health Care Spending
No one is immune to the rising costs of health care. Consider the following news stories:
“In 2008, the average premium for a family plan purchased through an employer was $12,680, nearly the annual earnings of a full-time minimum wage job” (Halle & Seshamani, 2009, Introduction, para. 1).
“President Obama’s health care law is putting new strains on some of the nation’s most hard-pressed hospitals, by cutting aid they use to pay for emergency care for illegal immigrants, which they have long been required to provide” (Bernstein, 2012, para. 1).
“Doctors in America are harboring an embarrassing secret: Many of them are going broke. This quiet reality, which is spreading nationwide, is claiming a wide range of casualties, including family physicians, cardiologists and oncologists…Doctors list shrinking insurance reimbursements, changing regulations, rising business and drug costs among the factors preventing them from keeping their practices afloat” (Kavilanz, 2012, para. 1, 2, 5).
In this Discussion, you examine the overall state of health care costs in America, the different factors impacting the finances of health care organizations, and the effect of rising costs on all stakeholders.
To prepare:
Review the Learning Resources on the level of health care spending in the United States.
Consider the ramifications of continuing at this level of spending as well as issues involved with reducing spending.
Reflect on which stakeholders (payers, providers, and the general population) should be responsible for making decisions on health care spending.
I need to Post an assessment of the consequences (on payers, providers, and the general population) of continuing current levels of health care spending in the United States as well as the potential consequences of reducing the level of spending. Explain which stakeholders should make health care spending decisions and why.
And
Read a selection of my colleagues’ responses and Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days using one or more of the following approaches:
Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, and evidence.
Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own review of the literature in the Walden Library. (I will send the responses soon)
Validate an idea with your own experience and additional sources.
Required Readings
Baker, J., & Baker, R. W. (2014). Health care finance: Basic tools for nonfinancial managers (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning.
Chapter 1, “Introduction to Health Care Finance” (pp. 3–10)
In this chapter, you are introduced to the four key elements of financial management as well as the two types of accounting. These help set the stage for the weeks to come.
Chapter 4, “Revenues (Inflow)” (pp. 31–40)
This chapter focuses on how health organizations receive revenue for services and highlights the different sources of revenu.
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11 minutes agoJessica Dunne RE Discussion - Week 3COLLAPS.docx
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Top of Form
NURS 6050C: Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health
INITIAL POST
Economic Challenges of Healthcare Policy
The economics of the healthcare system in the United States is complex and fragmented. Costs associated with care and the prices healthcare consumers pay are determined by a wide variety of factors making it extremely difficult to find a one size fits all solution. Knickman and Kovner (2015) argue that healthcare is neither a commodity or a service, because of the high variabilities in need, cost, and consumption. The United States spends 80% of all healthcare revenue on just 20% of the population. Health insurance can be provided by the government, the private sector, or an employer. Some citizens do not have any form of healthcare coverage. Regardless of type, insurance coverage generally only pays a portion of the total healthcare cost leaving the consumer to pay the remaining balance. Moreover, reimbursement standards differ for facilities and providers. The government reimburses healthcare facilities, such as hospitals a fixed amount per patient, which creates a higher incentive to work efficiently. Healthcare providers, on the other hand, are reimbursed based on a fee for service model, meaning the more services they provide, the more money they are reimbursed (Knickman & Kovner, 2015).
Reindart (2010) maintains the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) created more strain on the system by adding approximately 30 million uninsured Americans to the market. The projected cost to provide such coverage is around 8 billion to 1 trillion dollars over the next decade. However, the estimated expense of healthcare with no legislative intervention is 35 trillion dollars over the next decade (Reindart, 2010). Laureate Education (2012) contends that the human resources required to provide healthcare to an additional 30 million people is another consideration the ACA does not address. The United States is already experiencing staff shortages for key healthcare jobs like nurses and physicians. Additionally, with baby boomers retiring from the workforce and simultaneously needing more healthcare resources as they age will inevitably exacerbate the shortage of providers (Laureate Education, 2012).
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Instructions: Using the term that you have selected from the list provided in the classroom, please complete the following three-paragraph essay. Write a minimum of 5 to 7 well-crafted, original sentences per paragraph. In your response, you are expected to cite and reference, in APA format, at least two outside sources in addition to the class text. The sources must be credible (from experts in the field of study); at least one scholarly source (published in a peer-reviewed academic journal) is strongly encouraged. Delete all instructions before submitting your work to Waypoint.
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[First Paragraph: Thoroughly define your term, using your own words to do so. In your definition, be sure explain why the term is important to know. Be as specific as possible and provide examples as necessary to support your ideas.]
[Second Paragraph:Discuss how the term affects living beings (including humans) and/or the physical environment. Provide examples as needed.]
[Third Paragraph: Suggest two clear, specific actions that you and the other students might take to promote environmental sustainability in relation to this term. Be creative and concrete with your suggestions. For example, you might recommend supporting a particular organization that is active in the field of your term. Explain exactly how those actions will aid in safeguarding our environment in relation to your chosen term.]
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The Pricing Of U.S. Hospital
Services: Chaos Behind A Veil
Of Secrecy
An economist’s insights into what causes the variation in pricing, and
what to do about it.
by Uwe E. Reinhardt
ABSTRACT: Although Americans and foreigners alike tend to think of the U.S. health care
system as being a “market-driven” system, the prices actually paid for health care goods
and services in that system have remained remarkably opaque. This paper describes how
U.S. hospitals now price their services to the various third-party payers and self-paying pa-
tients, and how that system would have to be changed to accommodate the increasingly
popular concept of “consumer-directed health care.” [Health Affairs 25, no. 1 (2006): 57–
69]
A
s k e d b y a wa l l s t r e e t j o u r n a l r e p o r t e r to explain how U.S. hos-
pitals price their services, William McGowan, chief financial officer of the
University of California, Davis, Health System and thirty-year veteran of
hospital financing, responded: “There is no method to this madness. As we went
through the years, we had these cockamamie formulas. We multiplied our costs to
set our charges.”1
Exhibit 1 illustrates his point. Although the list prices reflected in Exhibit 1
vary by only a factor of sli ...
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Health Care SpendingNo one is immune to the rising costs of heal.docx
Health Care Spending
No one is immune to the rising costs of health care. Consider the following news stories:
“In 2008, the average premium for a family plan purchased through an employer was $12,680, nearly the annual earnings of a full-time minimum wage job” (Halle & Seshamani, 2009, Introduction, para. 1).
“President Obama’s health care law is putting new strains on some of the nation’s most hard-pressed hospitals, by cutting aid they use to pay for emergency care for illegal immigrants, which they have long been required to provide” (Bernstein, 2012, para. 1).
“Doctors in America are harboring an embarrassing secret: Many of them are going broke. This quiet reality, which is spreading nationwide, is claiming a wide range of casualties, including family physicians, cardiologists and oncologists…Doctors list shrinking insurance reimbursements, changing regulations, rising business and drug costs among the factors preventing them from keeping their practices afloat” (Kavilanz, 2012, para. 1, 2, 5).
In this Discussion, you examine the overall state of health care costs in America, the different factors impacting the finances of health care organizations, and the effect of rising costs on all stakeholders.
To prepare:
Review the Learning Resources on the level of health care spending in the United States.
Consider the ramifications of continuing at this level of spending as well as issues involved with reducing spending.
Reflect on which stakeholders (payers, providers, and the general population) should be responsible for making decisions on health care spending.
I need to Post an assessment of the consequences (on payers, providers, and the general population) of continuing current levels of health care spending in the United States as well as the potential consequences of reducing the level of spending. Explain which stakeholders should make health care spending decisions and why.
And
Read a selection of my colleagues’ responses and Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days using one or more of the following approaches:
Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, and evidence.
Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own review of the literature in the Walden Library. (I will send the responses soon)
Validate an idea with your own experience and additional sources.
Required Readings
Baker, J., & Baker, R. W. (2014). Health care finance: Basic tools for nonfinancial managers (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning.
Chapter 1, “Introduction to Health Care Finance” (pp. 3–10)
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Chapter 4, “Revenues (Inflow)” (pp. 31–40)
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Medicare Spending Report
The document discusses Medicare spending in the United States. It reports that Medicare spending was reduced to 0.2% in 2013 compared to 1.8% between 2009-2012. This decrease may have resulted from the recession limiting spending, delivery system reforms to improve quality while reducing local costs, or a focus on patient-centered care. Statistical data from Medicare budget reports is cited to support the claims around reduced spending.
Hca 305 week 5 discussion questions
This document contains discussion questions and assignments for an HCA 305 healthcare administration course. It includes questions about factors that impact healthcare expenditures in the US and how US healthcare spending compares to other countries. It also addresses healthcare reform, quality improvement in hospitals, choosing healthcare providers, and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Students are asked to discuss, analyze, and provide opinions on these healthcare administration topics.
Population health.docx
This document discusses population health and strategies for addressing behavioral risk factors through policy interventions. It provides examples of how smoking bans led more people to quit smoking by making it less socially acceptable. The document advocates for prevention-focused policies and programs to address risky behaviors at a population level in order to reduce healthcare costs. Effective programs require considering how to influence behaviors at both individual and societal levels. Interventions could target behaviors at downstream, midstream, and upstream levels using a population-based model to have the best chance of success.
11 minutes agoJessica Dunne RE Discussion - Week 3COLLAPS.docx
11 minutes ago
Jessica Dunne
RE: Discussion - Week 3
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
NURS 6050C: Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health
INITIAL POST
Economic Challenges of Healthcare Policy
The economics of the healthcare system in the United States is complex and fragmented. Costs associated with care and the prices healthcare consumers pay are determined by a wide variety of factors making it extremely difficult to find a one size fits all solution. Knickman and Kovner (2015) argue that healthcare is neither a commodity or a service, because of the high variabilities in need, cost, and consumption. The United States spends 80% of all healthcare revenue on just 20% of the population. Health insurance can be provided by the government, the private sector, or an employer. Some citizens do not have any form of healthcare coverage. Regardless of type, insurance coverage generally only pays a portion of the total healthcare cost leaving the consumer to pay the remaining balance. Moreover, reimbursement standards differ for facilities and providers. The government reimburses healthcare facilities, such as hospitals a fixed amount per patient, which creates a higher incentive to work efficiently. Healthcare providers, on the other hand, are reimbursed based on a fee for service model, meaning the more services they provide, the more money they are reimbursed (Knickman & Kovner, 2015).
Reindart (2010) maintains the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) created more strain on the system by adding approximately 30 million uninsured Americans to the market. The projected cost to provide such coverage is around 8 billion to 1 trillion dollars over the next decade. However, the estimated expense of healthcare with no legislative intervention is 35 trillion dollars over the next decade (Reindart, 2010). Laureate Education (2012) contends that the human resources required to provide healthcare to an additional 30 million people is another consideration the ACA does not address. The United States is already experiencing staff shortages for key healthcare jobs like nurses and physicians. Additionally, with baby boomers retiring from the workforce and simultaneously needing more healthcare resources as they age will inevitably exacerbate the shortage of providers (Laureate Education, 2012).
Ethical Considerations
It is important to recognize that the private sector often follows the public sector when deciding what services will be covered (Knickman & Kovner, 2015). Therefore, the implications of Medicare deciding not to pay for a drug or service will likely affect the entire population. Stein (2010) asserts that cost should not be a consideration in determining if medications or services will be paid for by Medicare. Nonetheless, that is what happened with Provenge, a vaccine indicated for late stage prostate cancer patients. The drug prolonged the lifespan of patients by about four months. Provenge costs around 93,000 dollars per p.
Lederman_JuniorPaper
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Week 3 Assignment Template Sustainable Living Guide Contribut.docx
Week 3 Assignment Template
Sustainable Living Guide Contributions, Part Three of Four:
Sustaining our Water Resources
Instructions: Using the term that you have selected from the list provided in the classroom, please complete the following three-paragraph essay. Write a minimum of 5 to 7 well-crafted, original sentences per paragraph. In your response, you are expected to cite and reference, in APA format, at least two outside sources in addition to the class text. The sources must be credible (from experts in the field of study); at least one scholarly source (published in a peer-reviewed academic journal) is strongly encouraged. Delete all instructions before submitting your work to Waypoint.
Your Term: [type your term here]
[First Paragraph: Thoroughly define your term, using your own words to do so. In your definition, be sure explain why the term is important to know. Be as specific as possible and provide examples as necessary to support your ideas.]
[Second Paragraph:Discuss how the term affects living beings (including humans) and/or the physical environment. Provide examples as needed.]
[Third Paragraph: Suggest two clear, specific actions that you and the other students might take to promote environmental sustainability in relation to this term. Be creative and concrete with your suggestions. For example, you might recommend supporting a particular organization that is active in the field of your term. Explain exactly how those actions will aid in safeguarding our environment in relation to your chosen term.]
References: Following your essay, list all references you cited, in APA format.
After proofreading your assignment carefully, please submit your work to Waypoint for evaluation.
The Pricing Of U.S. Hospital
Services: Chaos Behind A Veil
Of Secrecy
An economist’s insights into what causes the variation in pricing, and
what to do about it.
by Uwe E. Reinhardt
ABSTRACT: Although Americans and foreigners alike tend to think of the U.S. health care
system as being a “market-driven” system, the prices actually paid for health care goods
and services in that system have remained remarkably opaque. This paper describes how
U.S. hospitals now price their services to the various third-party payers and self-paying pa-
tients, and how that system would have to be changed to accommodate the increasingly
popular concept of “consumer-directed health care.” [Health Affairs 25, no. 1 (2006): 57–
69]
A
s k e d b y a wa l l s t r e e t j o u r n a l r e p o r t e r to explain how U.S. hos-
pitals price their services, William McGowan, chief financial officer of the
University of California, Davis, Health System and thirty-year veteran of
hospital financing, responded: “There is no method to this madness. As we went
through the years, we had these cockamamie formulas. We multiplied our costs to
set our charges.”1
Exhibit 1 illustrates his point. Although the list prices reflected in Exhibit 1
vary by only a factor of sli ...
Advocating Through Policy Empire Essays.pdf
Nurses should engage in advocacy efforts to improve health and nursing practice through involvement in the policy process at various levels of government. There are opportunities for nurses to get involved regardless of time constraints. Successful policymaking requires collaboration between stakeholders. Nurses can become leaders and respected members of interprofessional healthcare teams by participating in the policy process.
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Literarture Review Map
The document summarizes key sources related to the impacts and effects of the Affordable Care Act across two disciplines: medicine and economics. For medicine, sources discuss how the ACA's regulations have caused physicians to leave independent practice for hospitals to avoid accountability under new organizations like ACOs. In economics, sources estimate the ACA could reduce the federal deficit by insuring 34 million more people, but that costs are hard to predict and small businesses may struggle with higher premiums. Overall, the resources present different views on the ACA's actual and projected impacts on health care and the economy.
HeadnoteGovernments with universal healthcare systems are increa.docx
Headnote
Governments with universal healthcare systems are increasingly bemoaning the costs of their systems and the need to contain these costs if affordable healthcare services are to be sustained into the future. In a bid to reduce the costs of healthcare, politicians and bureaucrats have championed the need for reform. Although avoiding the language of rationing, the kinds of 'reforms' being championed (eg. greater government regulation of universal health coverage, reducing reimbursement for medical costs, cutting funding to public hospitals) seem however, to be more concerned with restricting universal healthcare coverage, rather than reforming it.
The rhetoric of healthcare reforms has also had a political ideological objective shifting the provision of and accountability for public healthcare services to private sector providers. This objective has been pursued despite experts warning that such a shift will ultimately lead (and in some cases has already led) to inequities and unjust disparities in access to healthcare and related health outcomes, especially in vulnerable populations who cannot afford private health insurance.
Australia has not been immune from ideologically driven machinations about the sustainability of its universal healthcare scheme, ie. Medicare. Despite health expenditure in Australia reportedly reaching a record low for the period 2012-2013, there has been a political campaign of spreading false and misleading information about Medicare's sustainability (Keast 2015).This misinformation has included 'blaming' vulnerable populations (eg. an ageing demographic, the 'undeserving poor') for their allegedly disproportionate over-utilisation of public healthcare services and the need to curb this costly 'wanton' demand. What has been overlooked in this situation, however, is that a key driver of the spiraling costs of healthcare is not the over-utilisation of services by people in need, but rather 'the use of wasteful tests and treatments' prescribed by doctors (Tilburt & Cassel, 2013) together with the rising costs of drugs (driven by the business behaviours of the pharmaceutical industry) and medical technology, particularly in hospitals. Also overlooked is the problem of language and the tendency to treat the terms 'healthcare', 'hospital care', and 'medical care' as being synonymous, when they are not. Failure to distinguish what each of these terms refers to unnecessarily muddles debate about what healthcare reforms are needed as well as where and how these should occur.
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This document provides a research proposal examining whether the US government has contributed to rising healthcare costs. The proposal includes an introduction outlining rising premium costs and relevance of the research question. A literature review discusses various theories for increasing costs and analyses linking the Affordable Care Act to rising premiums, though noting limitations in scope. The proposed research will use a methodology to determine a correlation between government involvement through the ACA and increasing insurance costs nationally. Expected results are not stated to remain open-ended.
Advocating Through PolicyAs noted by Dr. Stanley and Dr. W
Advocating Through Policy
As noted by Dr. Stanley and Dr. White in this week’s media presentation, professional nurses should be engaging in advocacy efforts to improve health and nursing practice through involvement in the policy process at the institutional, local, state, or federal levels. This array of possibilities for involvement provides opportunities for all nurses, regardless of time, or other possible constraints. Successful policy making is a collaborative effort, and one that commands mutual respect from all involved. Your involvement in policy making can lead to expanded opportunities as both a nurse leader and as a respected member of an interprofessional health care team.
Note
: This Discussion provides a forum for discussing advocacy opportunities and honing your presentation skills in a small group setting.
To prepare:
Reflect on the insights offered by Dr. Stanley and Dr. White on engaging in advocacy through the policy process.
Identify a practice issue that is of interest to you and that could benefit from advocacy efforts through the policy process.
Consider the stakeholders and any special interest or professional organizations that would support your issue.
Develop a short, yet persuasive PowerPoint (up to 3 slides IN APA FORMAT) as follows:
1) Identify the practice issue that would benefit from being addressed through the policy process
2) Represent the key stakeholders (i.e. use graphical images when possible)
3) Propose one strategy for how a nurse could advocate for this issue
The PowerPoint should be succinct, visually appealing, and effective.
By Tuesday 5/8/18 6pm
Post
your PowerPoint presentation.
Required Readings
Bodenheimer, T., & Grumbach, K. (2016).
Understanding health policy: A clinical approach
(7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical.
Chapter 17, “Conclusion: Tensions and Challenges”
This chapter concludes with final thoughts on the challenge of providing quality health care and controlling health care costs. The solution is likely to be resolved only by a collaborative approach, involving all health care stakeholders, and by health professionals taking the lead.
Howard, J., Levy, F., Mareiniss, D. P., Craven, C. K., McCarthy, M., Epstein-Peterson, Z. D., & et al. (2010). New legal protections for reporting patient errors under the Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act: A review of the medical literature and analysis.
Journal of Patient Safety, 6
(3), 147-152
.
The authors studied the dissemination of information on the Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act (PSQIA), a federal act that affords protection to those reporting medical errors. They found medical literature to be inadequate in this regard, and as a result, medical personnel were uninformed on their legal protections. This lack of information has become a barrier to policy implementation.
Jacobson, N., Butterill, D., & Goering, P. ...
Running Head THE NEED FOR APPROACHES TO IMPROVE CAUSE ADMINISTRA.docx
Running Head: THE NEED FOR APPROACHES TO IMPROVE CAUSE ADMINISTRATION AND REPAYMENT IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
1
THE NEED FOR APPROACHES TO IMPROVE CAUSE ADMINISTRATION AND REPAYMENT IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
10
Title: The Need for Approaches to Improve Case Administration and Repayment in the Healthcare System
Abstract
The medical care system of the United States of America for the past years has been considered to be the most expensive in the world. The government of the United States has to spend huge amounts of money for medical care in relation to the gross domestic product and these sums are systematically increasing. Now many scholars came to the conclusion that it is the government programs, which held the responsibility for the growth of uncontrolled spending on medical care, with which such growth is a threat to the financial stability of the United States. The issue is worth-discussing, thus, the given work is devoted to the overview of the structure and the main issues of the US healthcare system to find the effective solution.
Unlike other developed countries the medical care system in the United States of America demands more and more funds while its quality remains the same. 1/3 of the US citizens are still uninsured and there is no future hope for improving the situation. People suffer from rapidly growing prices of medical services and slow growth of salaries inclement. Furthermore, the department of insurance loses its integrity and honesty; since they use such an opportunity to fraud money as well as not paying the workers. The risk of becoming bankrupt is very high in medical care system because of unplanned budget. The insurance programs, financed by the state, are also becoming more expensive, and the government is forced to pay more and more money, which later brings about increase in state financial expenditure that immensely contribute to the poor economy. Employees do not have the free will to change their job due to the high cost of insurance and the monopolization (Stone, et al., 2008,p.2-57). This paper will provide evidences by giving the most effective solution to control this problem and also encouraging people make decisive market decisions by finding new approaches.
There are many ways of handling this subject issue of “The Need for Approaches to Improve Case Administration and Repayment in the Healthcare System,” but this research paper primarily will focus on the five articles that represent scholarly articles concerning the subject issue on this topic. The five scholarly articles are: Nolin, (2015) in his study about “Jail overcrowding a perennial issue for many counties; (Stone, P., Hughes, R., & Dailey, M. 2008)about “Creating a safe and high-quality health care environment: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (2014). New HHS Data Shows Major Strides Made in Patient Safety, Leading to Improved Care and Savings; Unit ...
Issues In Health Care Reform.docx
This document provides information and guidance for an assignment requiring students to interview a state or national politician regarding current issues in health care reform. It instructs students to identify a politician to interview, develop questions on important health policy issues, and write a 3-4 page paper summarizing and analyzing the interview. The paper must include at least 5 scholarly references and follow APA guidelines. Several required readings are also provided on topics like accountable care organizations, the Affordable Care Act, and the role of nursing in health reform.
1 Literature Review Assignment STUDENT
1
Literature Review Assignment
STUDENT NAME
Class
Date
2
Part A: Annotated Bibliography
Article 1: Immigration as a Social Determinant of Health
Castañeda, H., Holmes, S. M., Madrigal, D. S., Young, M.-E. D., Beyeler, N., & Quesada, J.
(2015). Immigration as a Social Determinant of Health. Annual Review of Public
Health, 36(1), 375–392. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182419
Abstract
Although immigration and immigrant populations have become increasingly important foci in
public health research and practice, a social determinants of health approach has seldom been
applied in this area. Global patterns of morbidity and mortality follow inequities rooted in
societal, political, and economic conditions produced and reproduced by social structures,
policies, and institutions. The lack of dialogue between these two profoundly related
phenomena—social determinants of health and immigration—has resulted in missed
opportunities for public health research, practice, and policy work. In this article, we discuss
primary frameworks used in recent public health literature on the health of immigrant
populations, note gaps in this literature, and argue for a broader examination of immigration as
both socially determined and a social determinant of health. We discuss priorities for future
research and policy to understand more fully and respond appropriately to the health of the
populations affected by this global phenomenon.
Annotated Bibliography
The article reports on the importance of identifying social determinants and the effects of
socially determined structures among immigrant populations in the United States. The study
identifies ways in which immigrants health outcomes are based on biases due to using
3
information based on group behaviors instead of on an induvial case. The impact of migrant and
immigrant individuals, physical and mental health in these communities’ changes as social,
economic, and political policies take place. This article is helpful in that broadens the
immigration experience including more central factors than just language, income, or education
as the cause of all health related problems in this community. But to show factors of power
structures and the ability to put in place effective health interventions that respond to direct
causes of poor or declining health in these populations.
Article 2: Fear by Association: Perceptions of Anti-Immigrant Policy and Health Outcomes
Vargas, Edward & Sanchez, Gabriel & Juárez, Melina. (2017). Fear by Association: Perceptions
of Anti-Immigrant Policy and Health Outcomes. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and
Law. 42. 3802940. 10.1215/03616878-3802940.
Abstract
The United States is experiencing a renewed period of immigration and immigrant policy
activity as well as heightened enforcement of such policies. This intensified activity can affect
various aspects of im ...
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Literarture Review Map
The document summarizes key sources related to the impacts and effects of the Affordable Care Act across two disciplines: medicine and economics. For medicine, sources discuss how the ACA's regulations have caused physicians to leave independent practice for hospitals to avoid accountability under new organizations like ACOs. In economics, sources estimate the ACA could reduce the federal deficit by insuring 34 million more people, but that costs are hard to predict and small businesses may struggle with higher premiums. Overall, the resources present different views on the ACA's actual and projected impacts on health care and the economy.
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Headnote
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The rhetoric of healthcare reforms has also had a political ideological objective shifting the provision of and accountability for public healthcare services to private sector providers. This objective has been pursued despite experts warning that such a shift will ultimately lead (and in some cases has already led) to inequities and unjust disparities in access to healthcare and related health outcomes, especially in vulnerable populations who cannot afford private health insurance.
Australia has not been immune from ideologically driven machinations about the sustainability of its universal healthcare scheme, ie. Medicare. Despite health expenditure in Australia reportedly reaching a record low for the period 2012-2013, there has been a political campaign of spreading false and misleading information about Medicare's sustainability (Keast 2015).This misinformation has included 'blaming' vulnerable populations (eg. an ageing demographic, the 'undeserving poor') for their allegedly disproportionate over-utilisation of public healthcare services and the need to curb this costly 'wanton' demand. What has been overlooked in this situation, however, is that a key driver of the spiraling costs of healthcare is not the over-utilisation of services by people in need, but rather 'the use of wasteful tests and treatments' prescribed by doctors (Tilburt & Cassel, 2013) together with the rising costs of drugs (driven by the business behaviours of the pharmaceutical industry) and medical technology, particularly in hospitals. Also overlooked is the problem of language and the tendency to treat the terms 'healthcare', 'hospital care', and 'medical care' as being synonymous, when they are not. Failure to distinguish what each of these terms refers to unnecessarily muddles debate about what healthcare reforms are needed as well as where and how these should occur.
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Advocating Through PolicyAs noted by Dr. Stanley and Dr. W
Advocating Through Policy
As noted by Dr. Stanley and Dr. White in this week’s media presentation, professional nurses should be engaging in advocacy efforts to improve health and nursing practice through involvement in the policy process at the institutional, local, state, or federal levels. This array of possibilities for involvement provides opportunities for all nurses, regardless of time, or other possible constraints. Successful policy making is a collaborative effort, and one that commands mutual respect from all involved. Your involvement in policy making can lead to expanded opportunities as both a nurse leader and as a respected member of an interprofessional health care team.
Note
: This Discussion provides a forum for discussing advocacy opportunities and honing your presentation skills in a small group setting.
To prepare:
Reflect on the insights offered by Dr. Stanley and Dr. White on engaging in advocacy through the policy process.
Identify a practice issue that is of interest to you and that could benefit from advocacy efforts through the policy process.
Consider the stakeholders and any special interest or professional organizations that would support your issue.
Develop a short, yet persuasive PowerPoint (up to 3 slides IN APA FORMAT) as follows:
1) Identify the practice issue that would benefit from being addressed through the policy process
2) Represent the key stakeholders (i.e. use graphical images when possible)
3) Propose one strategy for how a nurse could advocate for this issue
The PowerPoint should be succinct, visually appealing, and effective.
By Tuesday 5/8/18 6pm
Post
your PowerPoint presentation.
Required Readings
Bodenheimer, T., & Grumbach, K. (2016).
Understanding health policy: A clinical approach
(7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical.
Chapter 17, “Conclusion: Tensions and Challenges”
This chapter concludes with final thoughts on the challenge of providing quality health care and controlling health care costs. The solution is likely to be resolved only by a collaborative approach, involving all health care stakeholders, and by health professionals taking the lead.
Howard, J., Levy, F., Mareiniss, D. P., Craven, C. K., McCarthy, M., Epstein-Peterson, Z. D., & et al. (2010). New legal protections for reporting patient errors under the Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act: A review of the medical literature and analysis.
Journal of Patient Safety, 6
(3), 147-152
.
The authors studied the dissemination of information on the Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act (PSQIA), a federal act that affords protection to those reporting medical errors. They found medical literature to be inadequate in this regard, and as a result, medical personnel were uninformed on their legal protections. This lack of information has become a barrier to policy implementation.
Jacobson, N., Butterill, D., & Goering, P. ...
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Running Head: THE NEED FOR APPROACHES TO IMPROVE CAUSE ADMINISTRATION AND REPAYMENT IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
1
THE NEED FOR APPROACHES TO IMPROVE CAUSE ADMINISTRATION AND REPAYMENT IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
10
Title: The Need for Approaches to Improve Case Administration and Repayment in the Healthcare System
Abstract
The medical care system of the United States of America for the past years has been considered to be the most expensive in the world. The government of the United States has to spend huge amounts of money for medical care in relation to the gross domestic product and these sums are systematically increasing. Now many scholars came to the conclusion that it is the government programs, which held the responsibility for the growth of uncontrolled spending on medical care, with which such growth is a threat to the financial stability of the United States. The issue is worth-discussing, thus, the given work is devoted to the overview of the structure and the main issues of the US healthcare system to find the effective solution.
Unlike other developed countries the medical care system in the United States of America demands more and more funds while its quality remains the same. 1/3 of the US citizens are still uninsured and there is no future hope for improving the situation. People suffer from rapidly growing prices of medical services and slow growth of salaries inclement. Furthermore, the department of insurance loses its integrity and honesty; since they use such an opportunity to fraud money as well as not paying the workers. The risk of becoming bankrupt is very high in medical care system because of unplanned budget. The insurance programs, financed by the state, are also becoming more expensive, and the government is forced to pay more and more money, which later brings about increase in state financial expenditure that immensely contribute to the poor economy. Employees do not have the free will to change their job due to the high cost of insurance and the monopolization (Stone, et al., 2008,p.2-57). This paper will provide evidences by giving the most effective solution to control this problem and also encouraging people make decisive market decisions by finding new approaches.
There are many ways of handling this subject issue of “The Need for Approaches to Improve Case Administration and Repayment in the Healthcare System,” but this research paper primarily will focus on the five articles that represent scholarly articles concerning the subject issue on this topic. The five scholarly articles are: Nolin, (2015) in his study about “Jail overcrowding a perennial issue for many counties; (Stone, P., Hughes, R., & Dailey, M. 2008)about “Creating a safe and high-quality health care environment: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (2014). New HHS Data Shows Major Strides Made in Patient Safety, Leading to Improved Care and Savings; Unit ...
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1 Literature Review Assignment STUDENT
1
Literature Review Assignment
STUDENT NAME
Class
Date
2
Part A: Annotated Bibliography
Article 1: Immigration as a Social Determinant of Health
Castañeda, H., Holmes, S. M., Madrigal, D. S., Young, M.-E. D., Beyeler, N., & Quesada, J.
(2015). Immigration as a Social Determinant of Health. Annual Review of Public
Health, 36(1), 375–392. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182419
Abstract
Although immigration and immigrant populations have become increasingly important foci in
public health research and practice, a social determinants of health approach has seldom been
applied in this area. Global patterns of morbidity and mortality follow inequities rooted in
societal, political, and economic conditions produced and reproduced by social structures,
policies, and institutions. The lack of dialogue between these two profoundly related
phenomena—social determinants of health and immigration—has resulted in missed
opportunities for public health research, practice, and policy work. In this article, we discuss
primary frameworks used in recent public health literature on the health of immigrant
populations, note gaps in this literature, and argue for a broader examination of immigration as
both socially determined and a social determinant of health. We discuss priorities for future
research and policy to understand more fully and respond appropriately to the health of the
populations affected by this global phenomenon.
Annotated Bibliography
The article reports on the importance of identifying social determinants and the effects of
socially determined structures among immigrant populations in the United States. The study
identifies ways in which immigrants health outcomes are based on biases due to using
3
information based on group behaviors instead of on an induvial case. The impact of migrant and
immigrant individuals, physical and mental health in these communities’ changes as social,
economic, and political policies take place. This article is helpful in that broadens the
immigration experience including more central factors than just language, income, or education
as the cause of all health related problems in this community. But to show factors of power
structures and the ability to put in place effective health interventions that respond to direct
causes of poor or declining health in these populations.
Article 2: Fear by Association: Perceptions of Anti-Immigrant Policy and Health Outcomes
Vargas, Edward & Sanchez, Gabriel & Juárez, Melina. (2017). Fear by Association: Perceptions
of Anti-Immigrant Policy and Health Outcomes. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and
Law. 42. 3802940. 10.1215/03616878-3802940.
Abstract
The United States is experiencing a renewed period of immigration and immigrant policy
activity as well as heightened enforcement of such policies. This intensified activity can affect
various aspects of im ...
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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