The document provides guidance for a final paper on developing a health advocacy campaign. It instructs the student to combine their previous two papers on identifying a population health concern and approach to advocacy with an analysis of ethical considerations and applicable laws. This week, the student is asked to research relevant ethics provisions and lobbying laws and consider potential ethical dilemmas for their selected advocacy campaign. They will revise their previous papers and add a section addressing the new requirements to complete their final paper.

1. Week 9 Assignment
Continue on with building your final application due in week
10. You will submit one cogent paper that combines the
previous two applications (Parts One and Two) from weeks 4
and 7, plus the new material mentioned in the week 8
application
Application: Developing a Health Advocacy Campaign
To be an effective advocate and to develop a successful health
advocacy campaign, you must have a clear idea of the goals of
your campaign program and be able to communicate those goals
to others. In addition, it is the nature of nurses to want to help,
but it is important to make sure that the vision you develop is
manageable in size and scope. By researching what others have
done, you will better appreciate what can realistically be
accomplished. It is also wise to determine if others have similar
goals and to work with these people to form strategic
partnerships. If you begin your planning with a strong idea of
your resources, assets, and capabilities, you will be much more
likely to succeed and truly make a difference with those you
hope to help.
You will develop a 10- to 12-page paper that outlines a health
advocacy campaign designed to promote policies to improve the
health of a population of your choice. This week, you will
establish the framework for your campaign by identifying a
population health concern of interest to you. You will then
provide an overview of how you would approach advocating for
this issue.
-In Week 9, you will consider legal and regulatory factors that
have an impact on the issue and finally, in Week 10, you will
identify ethical concerns that you could face as an advocate.
Specific details for each aspect of this paper are provided each

2. week.
This paper will serve as the Portfolio Application for the
course.
Before you begin, review the complete Assignment.
This week, begin developing your health advocacy campaign by
focusing on the following:
Week 10 Application
To prepare for this final portion of your paper:
· Review provisions 7, 8, and 9 of the ANA Code of Ethics in
relation to advocacy for population health.
· Reflect on the ethical considerations you may need to take into
account in your advocacy campaign.
· Research the ethical considerations and lobbying laws relevant
to the location where your advocacy campaign will occur.
· Consider potential ethical dilemmas you might face in your
campaign.
To complete: Revise and combine parts one and two of you
previous papers and add the following:
· Explain any ethical dilemmas that could arise during your
advocacy campaign, and how you would resolve them.
· Describe the ethics and lobbying laws that are applicable to
your advocacy campaign.
· Evaluate the special ethical challenges that are unique to the
population you are addressing.
· Provide a cohesive summary for your paper.
Reminder: You will submit one cogent paper that combines the
previous applications (Parts One and Two) plus the new
material.
Your paper should be about 10 pages of content, not including
the title page and references. Be sure to paste the rubric at the
end of your paper.
The final application builds upon the applications (Parts One

3. and Two) completed in weeks 4 and 7.
To complete the final section of your paper:
· Review provisions 7, 8, and 9 of the ANA Code of Ethics in
relation to advocacy for population health.
· Reflect on the ethical considerations you may need to take into
account in your advocacy campaign.
· Research the ethical considerations and lobbying laws relevant
to the location where your advocacy campaign will occur.
· Consider potential ethical dilemmas you might face in your
campaign.
REFERENCES
Milstead, J. A. (2013). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s
guide (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). Sudbury, MA:
Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
· Chapter 3, “Government Response: Legislation—Politics:
Playing the Game” (pp. 45–71) (review)
This chapter explores the multiple factors that influence the
development of public policy through the legislative branch of
government.
· Chapter 9, “Policy Nurses Advance Policy Agendas in Many
Arenas” (pp. 179–189)
The focus of this chapter is the role of policy nurses within
nurse associations and it highlights specific organization that
specifically deal with policy nurses and advocacy.
Begley, A. (2010). On being a good nurse: Reflections on the
past and preparing for the future. International Journal of
Nursing Practice, 16(6), 525–532.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
In this article, the author reflects on the qualities of a good
nurse in both the past and present. The article presents a 4-point
framework that exemplifies the foundational qualities of modern
professional ethics and conduct.

4. Davis-Alldritt, L. (2011). Presidential inaugural address:
Advocacy, access, and achievement. Journal of School Nursing,
27(4), 249–251.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
This address explicates links between school nursing, school
health services, and student success. The author uses personal
anecdotes to teach lessons in advocacy, access, and
achievement.
Deyton, L., Hess, W. J., & Jackonis, M. J. (2008, Winter). War,
its aftermath, and U.S. health policy: Toward a comprehensive
health program for America’s military personnel, veterans, and
their families. Journal of Law, Medicine, & Ethics, 36(4), 677–
689.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
Karpf, T., Ferguson, J. T., & Swift, R. (2010). Light still shines
in the darkness: Decent care for all. Journal of Holistic Nursing,
28(4), 266–274.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
This article details the challenges of health care crises at the
global, national, and local levels. The text proposes a values-
based approach to health care that takes into account the voices
of the population being served, rather than excluding them.
Paquin, S. O. (2011). Social justice advocacy in nursing: What
is it? How do we get there? Creative Nursing, 17(2), 63–67.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
This text defines social justice advocacy and contrasts it to the
patient-nurse advocacy model. The article also discusses social
justice advocacy’s challenges and their potential solutions.
International Council of Nurses. (2008). Promoting health:
Advocacy guide for health professionals. Retrieved from
http://www.whpa.org/PPE_Advocacy_Guide.pdf

5. This web resource documents the efforts of the International
Council of Nurses to ensure quality nursing care for all, as well
as sound health policies globally through the advancement of
nursing knowledge and presence worldwide.
Vancouver Coastal Health. (n.d.). Vancouver Coastal Health
Population Health: Advocacy guidelines and resources.
Retrieved from http://www.vch.ca/media/Population
Health_Advocacy Guideline and Resources.pdf
This article presents guidelines, parameters, and resources for
conducting population health advocacy.
Required Media
Laureate Education (Producer). (2012g). The needle exchange
program. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Milstead, J. A. (2013). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s
guide (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). Sudbury, MA:
Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
· Chapter 4, “Government Regulation: Parallel and Powerful”
(pp. 73–109)
This chapter explains the major concepts of the regulation of
health professionals, with emphasis on advanced practice nurses
(APN) and the process of licensure and credentialing.
ANA’s Foundation of Nursing Package - (Access this resource
from the Walden Library databases through your NURS 6050
Course Readings List)
· Guide to the Code of Ethics: Interpretation and Application
This guide details the history, purpose and theory, application,
and case studies of this must-have Code of Ethics.
· Nursing Social Policy Statement
The Nursing Social Policy Statement provides an understanding
of the social framework and obligations of the nursing

6. profession.
· Nursing: Scope & Standards of Practice
This book contains several national standards of practice that
can be used to inform the decision-making process,
development, implementation, and evaluation of several
functions and aspects of advanced practice nursing.
Gallagher, T. H. (2009). A 62-year-old woman with skin cancer
who experienced wrong-site surgery: Review of medical error.
JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 302(6),
669–677.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
The article showcases the different sides of medical error, from
a 62-year-old patient who suffered and the components of the
medical error’s impact and aftermath.
Reinhardt, U. E. (2010, Jan 30). Repercussions of simplicity.
New York Times, p. A14.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
This article determines that the government should take low-
income families into account when determining mandatory
health insurance because many Americans choose to go without
insurance despite preexisting conditions presumably no longer
being an issue.
Board on Health Care Services. (2007). Preventing medication
errors: Quality Chasm Series. Washington, DC: The National
Academies Press. Retrieved from
http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11623&page=43
· Part 1, “Understanding the Causes and Costs of Medication
Errors” (pp. 43–49)
This article discusses the multilayered nature of medication
error as a system of failures due to individual behaviors and
conditions.

7. Running Head: NURSING TECHNOLOGY
1
NURSING TECHNOLOGY
6
Using the Data/Information/Knowledge/Wisdom Continuum
Student’s Name:
Instructor:
Course:
Due Date:
Introduction
The libraries and databases offer vast information. The
information is not useful when knowledge and wisdom are not
derived. The data, information, knowledge, and wisdom
continuum is very important in the quest to derive wisdom from
the vast available sources of information (McGonigle, &
Mastrian, 2015). The data should be specific to provide
information which leads to a special knowledge amassing to
wisdom (Hannah, et al., 2015). There is always a possibility
that data does not provide information if it is not understood. If

8. the information derived from the data is not applied, then it
becomes hard to gain knowledge as well as wisdom (Hannah, et
al., 2015). In this paper, I will develop a clinical question to
explore associated with my practice, describe the additional
information required regarding the question, apply data,
information, knowledge, and wisdom continuum in the topic
research, identify databases to use and the search process itself
and lastly describe my progress through the continuum.Clinical
question
I have had a lot of interest in the integration of technology into
the nursing practice. Technology has been in integrated into
healthcare. Electronic medication administration is an area I
consider to have not been widely explored. The clinical
question for this assignment becomes; has the utilization of
electronic medication administration (e-MAR) improved the
safety of medication in the healthcare setting in any way? The
role technology plays in healthcare delivery cannot be
underestimated at any instant. The technology has reduced many
errors in the healthcare delivery which were experienced during
the pre-technology era. Technology, therefore, has taken the
healthcare system by storm by minimizing many of the obvious
errors which were as a result of human error. There is no
enough information regarding the safety of electronic
medication administration. It is important because; it will
ensure that the healthcare givers are well informed on the safety
indexes of administering medication electronically. Similarly,
patients will be informed about their safety.
The data, information, knowledge, and wisdom continuum will
be useful for me to turn raw data into the processes to wisdom
(Matney, et al., 2011 & McGonigle, & Mastrian, 2015).
Forming or developing the topic of concern is always a crucial
step before one starts to move on the continuum. It helps the
individual searching for data to narrow down and be specific.
After the question is developed, then an individual passes
through the DIKW continuum step-wise. Data is the first step.
The data involve the details about an area of concern

9. McGonigle, & Mastrian, 2015). Regarding my clinical
question, identification of data about electronic medication
administration and patient safety levels will be sought. After
identifying relevant data, gleaning it to information will follow.
Information refers to the meaning of data. Information answers
the questions how, what, and when McGonigle, & Mastrian,
2015). I would utilize this step to find meaning include
interrelationships between the data on the safety of electronic
medication administration. I will evaluate and try to understand
all the points from the data. After identifying the information,
then they move to the next step of the continuum which is the
knowledge.
Knowledge is the third step of the continuum. The information
gained is now applied into the practice McGonigle, & Mastrian,
2015). Regarding the clinical question on the safety offered by
e-MAR, knowledge will be gained when the information gained
is applied while utilizing the e-MAR in care delivery. It is in
this step that I will apply the insights gained from the
information. While applying the information, I would evaluate
and reflect the changes in my practice and embrace them as the
knowledge gained. Wisdom is the last step of the continuum.
Gaining a lot of knowledge makes an individual able to
manipulate it to new heights or in different situations to do the
right things. Therefore, the knowledge about e-MAR can be
turned into wisdom by doing the right things McGonigle, &
Mastrian, 2015). It integrates the use of principles and
becoming sophisticated in the area. The wisdom will help me
increase the effectiveness of e-MAR by attending to the
shortcomings and challenges as well.Databases
Regarding my clinical question and topic of interest, the
databases I would use are CINAHL, WebMD, and other nursing
databases. These databases provided health-related information.
Given my clinical question, they are the best placed to provide
valid information. The Walden University Library website will
offer me access to the databases. I would set the types articles I
require. ‘Peer-reviewed’ are the best to provide me with

10. credible and valid information. The search keywords for my
topic would be; ‘electronic medication administration,' ‘patient
safety and e-MAR’ and ‘safety indexes of e-MAR.’ I will set the
advanced search engine to ‘nursing field’ only. This will help
me narrow down my search and make it more specific.
Information to Knowledge
After I access relevant articles, I would then go through the
articles to identify the data provided on e-MAR and patient
safety. I would note down all the data provided by the articles.
Afterward, I would go through my points editing them and
trying to understand them. I would delete those that are not
relevant to my clinical question. With the relevant remaining, I
would figure out what they insinuate in a bigger picture in
matters the practice area. This is through evaluation of the
whole points and reflecting them regarding the clinical
question. This way, I would have extracted information from the
articles. With the available information, I would utilize it in my
practice. This helps me understand better all the aspects of the
information. While using the information to execute my roles, I
would evaluate and reflect how my practice is different from the
previous before the information. By identifying the peculiar
inclusions, then I would have turned the information I have into
knowledge because my new practice would be based on the
information gained.Knowledge to Wisdom
It is true that nursing informatics can be used to gain wisdom
(American Nurses Association, 2015 & McGonigle, & Mastrian,
2015). Wisdom does not exist solely. It is derived from the raw
data in the first step of the continuum. After the data is turned
into information and later to knowledge, then the next step is
wisdom. Wisdom is a step of expertise, and it entails making
informed and crucial decision regarding the knowledge and
information available. Therefore, non-dependent with the
knowledge gained from the articles, the right decisions has to be
made, and this shows wisdom. Decisions about the safety of
patients when it comes to e-MAR are important. Summary
The DIKW continuum is crucial when it comes to nursing

11. practice. Nursing informatics provides data which is eventually
turned into wisdom and then enhances nursing practice
(American Nurses Association, 2015). From the discussion of
the model, data is the first step. The data should be sought
carefully and analyzed carefully to provide relevant
information. The information gained from the data should be
consistent with the clinical question. The information is then
put into practice to brew knowledge. Increased knowledge
provides the ability to make decisions. This ability describes
wisdom. Therefore, the ultimate goal of DIKW model is to
provide wisdom important in nursing practice (Matney, et al.,
2011).
References
American Nurses Association. (2015). Nursing informatics:
Scope & standards of practice (2nd ed.). Silver Springs, MD:
Author.
Hannah, K. J., Hussey, P., Kennedy, M. A., & Ball, M. J.
(2015). Introduction to nursing informatics.
Matney, S., Brewster, P. J., Sward, K. A., Cloyes, K. G., &
Staggers, N. (2011). Philosophical approaches to the nursing
informatics data-information-knowledge-wisdom framework.
Advances in Nursing Science, 34(1), 6–18. Retrieved from the
Walden Library databases.
McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2015). Nursing informatics
and the foundation of knowledge (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA:
Jones and Bartlett Learning.
1
Running head: NURSING TECHNOLOGY PAPER
7
NURSING TECHNOLOGY PAPER

12. Nursing Technology Paper
Name: Zoeleni Kamara
Course: Nursing 6051-01
Transforming Nursing and Healthcare through Information
Technology
September 25, 2016
Introduction
Like in any field, technology plays a crucial role in the
field of nursing. Clinical question for this assignment is; has the
use of electronic medication administration (eMAR) (Kelley,
2016) in any way improved the safety of medication in the
healthcare setting? .Technology ensures that information is
processed first and delivered to the right department or
personnel. Data in any field is important because from these raw
data important information can be derived. Such data is
important for the study and control of diseases
(epidemiology).Management of chronic diseases across the
world has been so difficult, the situation is even worse when it
comes to developing countries. For this reason therefore, having
concrete data is important in the management of these diseases.
It is from these data that important control and disease
management can be implemented. The main role of nursing
informatics is to ensure that patients get the best medical
services.
Nursing informatics as an innovation over the social
insurance framework stays in its outset phase of advancement
and has not been generally used or boosted to its fullest
potential by most healthcare facilities . Nursing informatics in
the social insurance framework is an apparatus that underlines
wellbeing and quality consideration results, which are devices
that pioneers in medicinal services ought to unequivocally
consider. Nursing informatics permits attendants to enter and
get to patient data in a practical time period that matches

13. individualized desires for every patient.
The use of electronic in the administration in the health
sector across the world has not been that simple. It has been
faced with a number of challenges some of which can be
overcome within a short duration while others take a long time.
Apart from the challenges facing the management of most
diseases, having the data is the key strategy in its management.
To work through the four steps of data, information, knowledge,
and wisdom continuum, it should first of all ensure that I
determine the pressure of the patient in the case of data. For
instance, if the result will give 130/70 then this is the data.
After having this data I will ensure that I also ask the patient if
he or she has a history of blood pressures of about 150/100 for
the last few years, this will lead me to information. This
information will be necessary n the diagnosis of the condition.
For example if in one way or the other the patient the patient
has a well-known history of cardiac arrest and he or she is
currently having a chest pain. The drastic drop in the blood
pressure in some way can indicate an onset of serious
myocardial infarction. This is what is referred as to knowledge.
This is the right time that the patient should be given an
oxygen, aspirin, and nitrates. That is wisdom.
The databases I would use in the search Allied Health
Literature CINAHL and Nursing databases. I used the Walden
University website to access the databases and the search
words. From the website, I would narrow down the search
engines to the field “Nursing” this is to ensure that the
databases I would obtain are relevant to my field. Some of the
search words I would use includes readmission, critical access
hospital(CAH)( United States,2010), challenges, litigation,
rural, cost, staff, joint commission, patients, ratio, Illinois,
Wisconsin, trauma, hypertension, fatigue, fat deposition,
narrowing of the blood vessels among others. These are the
words are mostly used in the nursing and health profession.
To transform information into knowledge, I should first
ensure that I am clear on my findings; this should be a guiding

14. principle towards the transformation. I would determine the
information understand the topic. Next, I would ensure that I
gather all the necessary materials and sources to help me gather
the information I require. I would then do an evaluation of the
information obtained to ensure that the information is relevant
to my field of study. I would then organize this information
removing and eliminating those that are irrelevant; this will
ensure that I don’t possess information that is not helpful to my
field. The next step is to ensure that the piece of work is free of
any plagiarism and spelling mistakes, this can be done by pro-
reading. The last bid is to do an evaluation of what I have
obtained from the whole exercise. By doing this would have
gleaned and turned the information into knowledge.
Informatics can be used to gain wisdom. This is because
wisdom in its early stage exists as data from which it graduates
to information then to knowledge and finally to wisdom. All the
information collected from the different sources cannot be
useful, the useful ones can be assessed we learn something
(knowledge).Wisdom guides us to either accept or reject some
of this information. Without wisdom, some fake information can
be taken to be true yet they are not. This can let to wrong
decision making, in the hospital setting it can also lead to the
wrong diagnosis, the wrong treatment which might, in turn, lead
to more complications and eventually leading to the death of the
patient. It is the role of any doctor or nurse to protect life,
wrong judgments can cause lives and therefore having the right
information is a key thing.
Summary
Data is very important, this is so because it is from here
that meaningful information and conclusion can be made. A
collection of these data should be done carefully or less
information that is not relevant to a particular area or field
would be collected. Information obtained should be able to
address the clinical question; other information not relevant to
the area should be eliminated. If this information is collected in
the wrong database, the whole data, information, knowledge,

15. and wisdom continuum will be affected. This will lead to wrong
decision making. Nursing involves handling lives and therefore
any mess can lead to loss of lives. Sharing of information in the
health profession is important because it enables medical
practitioners to communicate and share information. Creating
knowledge in the nursing has been on the front line to empower
the medical caretaker professionals to commission their parts
successfully. It begins with the establishment of the
requirements of data. The idea of the data-information-
knowledge-wisdom (DIKW) continuum is the conversion of data
into wisdom through subjective procedures important in nursing
practice.
RESPONSE FROM MY INSTRUCTOR ON THIS PAPER
I enjoyed reading your paper, yet you did not appear to
understand the instructions. Your introduction of the clinical
question and your connection of the question to your area of
practice were good. In your paper you delineated how you
would work through some of the four steps of the data,
information, knowledge, and wisdom continuum. You did
not explain how the question could be answered at each level of
the continuum. You identified databases, resources, and search
terms used to investigate the question. Your explanation of how
information can be synthesized to form knowledge and your
evaluation of how the information gleaned from research could
be converted into useableknowledge was missing. You did not
explain how you would progress from simply having useful
knowledge to the wisdom to make clinical decisions about the
problem you identified. You provided an analysis of whether
nursing informatics can be used to gain wisdom.
Your paper integrated 2 or more credible sources and no course
resources, followed writing standards, and contained APA

16. errors. You could improve your papers by substantially
addressing all of the required topics, integrating 2 or more
credible sources and 3 or more course resources, and applying
correct APA format. You might want to consult the Writing
Center’s APA document “Common Reference List Examples”
and the course announcements. You might want to use the shells
of the papers provided in an email, as a course announcement,
and in “Doc Sharing” As this was the first paper, I added 10
points to everyone’s grade. I appreciate the effort you put into
this assignment.
Reference
In Hannah, K. J., In Hussey, P., In Kennedy, M. A., & In Ball,
M. J. (2015). Introduction to nursing informatics.
Information Resources Management Association. (2011).
Clinical technologies: Concepts, methodologies, tools and
applications. Hershey, PA: Medical Information Science
Reference.
Kelley, T. (2016). Electronic health records for quality nursing
& health care / Tiffany Kelley.
United States. (2010). Critical access hospital replacement
process. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human
Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Office
of Rural Health Policy.