Ae bc ppt04

Recap
1© Aptech Training Ltd. FZE
Recap
In the previous lesson you learnt to:
• Use negotiating expressions to take part in the negotiation of a
class contract
• Take part in a group presentation
• Use appropriate body language for a presentation and negotiation
For Aptech Centre Use Only

Work Culture

At the end of this lesson you will be able to:
• Define corporate culture in detail
• Describe the work culture of your workplace
• Identify and use defining relative clauses
Learning Objectives

Defining Corporate Culture
Corporate culture refers to the shared
values, attitudes, standards and beliefs
that characterise members of an
organisation and define its nature.

Exercise
The following sentences could describe a company’s culture:
1. We don’t have a dress code.
2. Each new member of staff has a mentor.
3. We are expected to do things by the book.
4. Our directors have a clear vision.
5. Employees are quite competitive with each other.
6. We have an entrepreneurial culture.
7. Job sharing is permitted at all levels.
8. Even senior managers are willing to get their hands dirty.For Aptech Centre Use Only

Exercise
Match the words and expressions to the definitions.
Words/Expressions Definition
1. dress code a. a person who gives you help and support
2. mentor b. according to the rules
3. by the book
c. wanting very much to win or be more successful than other
people
4. vision d. involving risk taking
5. competitive
e. to divide the duties and the pay of one job between two
people who work at different times during the day or week
6. entrepreneurial f. involved in all parts of a job even the less pleasant parts
7. job sharing g. a set of rules about what you can wear
8. get their hands dirty h. a view of how the company will be in the futureFor Aptech Centre Use Only

Exercise
Answers
Words/Expressions Definition
1. dress code g. a set of rules about what you can wear
2. mentor a. a person who gives you help and support
3. by the book b. according to the rules
4. vision h. a view of how the company will be in the future
5. competitive
c. wanting very much to win or be more successful than other
people
6. entrepreneurial d. involving risk taking
7. job sharing
e. to divide the duties and the pay of one job between two
people who work at different times during the day or week
8. get their hands dirty f. involved in all parts of a job even the less pleasant partsFor Aptech Centre Use Only

Speaking Skills
Exercise
• Which of the statements 1 to 8 of 4.1.1 are true for your company or a
company you know well?
• Discuss with your group.

KnowYour Company
• Rate the statements on aspects of corporate culture as follows:
• The scale is 1 to 3 where 1 = Disagree; 2 = Neutral; 3 = Agree
Points Your Opinion
20 - 30 • You prefer to work in a more flexible work atmosphere.
• You believe in interacting directly with the person concerned.
15 - 20 • You accept the organisation style as it is.
• You go with the tide and never voice your opinion about the work
culture.
< 15
• You would rather want to be in a company that follows traditional
workstyle.
• You feel more secured when all activities in the office are done in a
formal manner.For Aptech Centre Use Only

Defining Relative Clauses
Look at these sentences:
1. Google is a company that values creativity.
2. I have a manager who likes giving orders.
3. I’m looking for a job which pays well.
The part of the sentence in italics is a defining relative clause. This provides more
information about the noun in bold. The underlined word is the relative pronoun.

• In a defining relative clause the relative clause DEFINES the noun. It tells us what
the company, manager or job is like.
• The relative pronoun that can replace who or which in the sentences. Which can
replace that in the first sentence i.e. ‘Google is a company that values creativity’.
• A defining relative clause has no commas.

A relative clause can be used for a noun which is not already clearly defined, such as
chair, boy, picture or dog. We need more information to determine which chair, boy,
picture or dog we are talking about.
• That is the chair (which) my parents gave me. (Not the one I bought myself)
• We know the boy that won the race. (Not the boy that lost)
• She uploaded the picture (which) she took at the beach. (Not the one she took in
the café)
• The dog that bit me was black and white. (Not brown)
If a noun is fully defined already, including it’s named, you will use the other type of
relative clause (non-defining), which will be discussed later.For Aptech Centre Use Only

Writing Skills
Exercise
Do you think these nouns or noun phrases will be followed by a defining
relative clause? Tick () or cross () them.
• The computer
• Daniel Martin
• The blond curly-haired Swedish boy
• Coca cola
• The tree
• The maple tree in my back garden

Writing Skills
Exercise
Answers
• The computer
• Daniel Martin
• The blond curly-haired Swedish boy
• Coca cola
• The tree
• The maple tree in my back garden







Relative Pronoun
In these two sentences the relative pronoun can be omitted (left out). The noun that
the relative clause provides gives more information about the OBJECT not the subject
of the sentence.
That is the chair (which) my parents gave me.
She uploaded the picture (which) she took at the beach.
object subject
object subject

Relative Pronoun
In the other two examples, the relative pronoun is necessary because the noun it
defines is the SUBJECT of the sentence.
We know the boy that won the race.
The dog that bit me was black and white.
subject
subject

Relative Pronoun
Decide whether the relative pronoun is necessary or optional in these sentences. Cross
it out if it is optional.
a. This is the most boring place that I’ve ever been to.
b. There’s a bus that goes from in front of my house to the hospital.
c. Saul said it’s the best job that he’s ever had.
d. Was it you who started singing at 3 AM?
e. What’s the worst thing that could happen?
f. My Maths teacher is the person who I admire most in the world.
Note: When that is used as a relative pronoun it is pronounced /ðət/

Relative Pronoun
Answers
a. This is the most boring place I’ve ever been to.
b. There’s a bus that goes from in front of my house to the hospital.
c. Saul said it’s the best job he’s ever had.
d. Was it you who started singing at 3 AM?
e. What’s the worst thing that could happen?
f. My Maths teacher is the person I admire most in the world.
Note: When that is used as a relative pronoun it is pronounced /ðət/

Exercise
Complete these sentences using defining relative clauses.
1. I work for the sort of company that…
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Mine is the sort of job that…
_______________________________________________________________________
3. My boss is the sort of person who…
_______________________________________________________________________
4. I have an office which…
_______________________________________________________________________For Aptech Centre Use Only

Listening Skills
Listen to four people talking about the culture of their workplace.
• Lauren
• Luke
• Hilary
• Samira
Listening Exercise

Working Out NewVocabulary From Context
Look at the words and phrases and match them to their meanings.
Words/Phrases Meaning
1. Male-dominated a. do or say something unkind without the person knowing
2. Isolated
b. someone who listens and understands when you talk about your
problems
3. Colourful c. alone, with no one to support you
4. Intense d. (in this context) high energy, pressurised and not relaxed
5. Competitive e. in a friendly and peaceful way
6. Boasting f. including people from many different cultures or racesFor Aptech Centre Use Only

Look at the words and phrases and match them to their meanings.
7. Behind their back g. controlled mainly by men or consisting mainly of men
8. Close-knit
h. to proudly tell other people about what you have done or can do or
about something you own, especially in order to make them admire
you
9. A shoulder to cry
on
i. consisting of people who do a lot of activities together and look after
one another
10. Diverse j. (in this context) rude
11. Harmoniously
k. to have just enough of something such as money or knowledge so
that you can do what you need to do
12. Get by l. always trying to be more successful than other peopleFor Aptech Centre Use Only

Answers
1. Male-dominated g. controlled mainly by men or consisting mainly of men
2. Isolated c. Alone, with no one to support you
3. Colourful j. (in this context) rude
4. Intense d. (in this context) high energy, pressurised and not relaxed
5. Competitive l. Always trying to be more successful than other people
6. Boasting
h. to proudly tell other people about what you have done or can do or
about something you own, especially in order to make them admire
youFor Aptech Centre Use Only

Answers
7. Behind their back a. Do or say something unkind without the person knowing
8. Close-knit
i. consisting of people who do a lot of activities together and look after
one another
9. A shoulder to cry
on
b. Someone who listens and understands when you talk about your
problems
10. Diverse f. including people from many different cultures or races
11. Harmoniously e. In a friendly and peaceful way
12. Get by
k. to have just enough of something such as money or knowledge so
that you can do what you need to doFor Aptech Centre Use Only

Exercise
Who…?
1. Works with lots of different types of people _________________________
2. Works with sympathetic people _________________________
3. Doesn’t always enjoy being with their co-workers _________________________
4. Works in an office where people like to show their skills _________________________
5. Is not very motivated by money _________________________
6. Doesn’t seem to like their work environment very much _________________________
7. Says their work environment is welcoming _________________________
8. Seems to have a good work-life balance _________________________
9. Doesn’t have much privacy at work _________________________
10. Would probably like to discuss different topics at work _________________________For Aptech Centre Use Only

Exercise
Answers
1. Works with lots of different types of people _________________________
2. Works with sympathetic people _________________________
3. Doesn’t always enjoy being with their co-workers _________________________
4. Works in an office where people like to show their skills _________________________
5. Is not very motivated by money _________________________
6. Doesn’t seem to like their work environment very much _________________________
7. Says their work environment is welcoming _________________________
8. Seems to have a good work-life balance _________________________
9. Doesn’t have much privacy at work _________________________
10. Would probably like to discuss different topics at work _________________________
Samira
Hilary
Lauren
Luke
Hilary and/or Samira
Luke
Hilary
Samira
Luke
LaurenFor Aptech Centre Use Only

Talking About the Culture of YourWorkplace
• In groups talk about your workplace in a similar way to the speakers you listened
to.
• Think about
– Dress code
– Forms of address
– Whether offices are tidy, cluttered, personalised and so on
– Closeness or distance in relationships
– Having lunch together or meeting up outside work
– Having social events, trips and so on
– Whether training or professional development is compulsory, neglected or encouraged
– Whether the structure is flat or hierarchical

Talking About the Culture of YourWorkplace
• After everyone has spoken for about 2 minutes, discuss the similarities and
differences between your companies.
• Now write a paragraph based on your talk about the work culture of your
company.

Test Your Knowledge
1. Are these correct or not? If not, correct them.
Sentences
1 Keith is the man supervises the factory staff.
2 Pepsi is a drink which is similar to Coca cola.
3 Yoghurt is a food that is recommended by nutritionists.
4 The man who sold me my car.
5 Samuel Beckett who wrote Endgame is my favourite writer.

Test Your Knowledge
1. Answers
Sentences
1 Keith is the man who supervises the factory staff.
2 Pepsi is a drink which is similar to Coca cola.- Correct
3 Yoghurt is a food that is recommended by nutritionists. -Correct
4 The man who sold me my car works for IBM (Example)
5
Samuel Beckett, who wrote Endgame, is my favourite writer. (Add
commas - not a defining relative clause)For Aptech Centre Use Only

Test Your Knowledge
2. Write down the meanings of theses words/phrases.
Words/phrases
1 Behind somebody’s back
2 Diverse
3 Close-knit
4 Harmoniously
5 Intense

Words/phrases
1 Do or say something unkind without the person knowing.
2 Including people from many different cultures or races.
3
Consisting of people who do a lot of activities together and look after
one another.
4 In a friendly and peaceful way.
5 High energy, pressurised and not relaxed.
Test Your Knowledge
2. Answers

In a Nutshell…
In this lesson you learnt to:
• Define corporate culture in detail
• Describe the work culture of your workplace
• Identify and use defining relative clauses

Ae bc ppt04

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