The Advanced PHP Syllabus document outlines 3 modules that cover AJAX, object-oriented programming concepts in PHP like classes and objects, and using PHP Data Objects (PDO) for database interactions. Module 1 covers AJAX fundamentals and implementations using HTML, JavaScript, PHP and MySQL. Module 2 focuses on object-oriented programming concepts like abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism as well as PHP OOP features. Module 3 reviews what PDO is and how to connect to databases with PDO to perform operations like queries, transactions, inserts and fetches.