ADVANCED DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES.ppt
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This document discusses various principles and methods for diagnosing periodontal disease. It covers: 1. Clinical diagnosis based on signs like changes in gingival color, bleeding, and increased fluid/temperature. Methods include probes, dental floss, and thermocouples. 2. Radiographic assessment of bone destruction using techniques like X-rays and subtraction radiography. 3. Microbiological analysis of the subgingival flora using microscopy, latex agglutination, DNA probes to identify bacteria. 4. Immunological diagnosis of defective immune functions. 5. Biochemical identification of enzymes associated with severe periodontitis, measured by tests like Perioscan.
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PERIODONTAL TREATMENT FOR OLDER ADULTS.pptDepartment of periodontics S B Patil Institute for Dental Sciences & Research
This document discusses periodontal treatment considerations for older adults. It notes that life expectancy has increased dramatically over the past century. Common health issues for those aged 65+ include visual/hearing impairments, arthritis, and heart disease, cancer or stroke. Dental visits by older adults are correlated with retaining teeth, not age. Periodontal disease among older adults is less common than previously thought if they retain teeth. Treatment planning must consider medical/mental health status, medications, ability to perform oral hygiene, and risks/benefits of surgical vs. non-surgical therapy, with non-surgical often preferred initially for older adults. Maintaining plaque control and professional care frequency are most important for successful outcomes.PERIO - PULPAL RELATION.ppt
PERIO - PULPAL RELATION.pptDepartment of periodontics S B Patil Institute for Dental Sciences & Research
This document discusses the relationship between periodontal disease and pulpal disease. It classifies different types of pulpal and periodontal diseases and explains how they can affect each other. Periodontal disease can lead to retrograde pulpal infection through accessory canals or dentinal tubules. Pulpal disease can cause bone resorption and radiolucency at the tooth apex. Signs and symptoms of each disease are provided. Treatment depends on whether the problem is primarily endodontic, periodontal, or a true combined lesion involving both tissues. Endodontic treatment is usually performed before treating associated periodontal pockets.ADVANCES IN SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY.ppt
ADVANCES IN SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY.pptDepartment of periodontics S B Patil Institute for Dental Sciences & Research
The document discusses advances in surgical technology, including magnification systems like magnifying loupes and operating microscopes. It notes that operating microscopes provide superior magnification and optical properties compared to loupes, allowing for easier changes in magnification. Microscopes are particularly useful for periodontal microsurgery as they allow for improved visualization of root surfaces and delicate tissues, more precise instrumentation, and better wound closure outcomes like reduced inflammation and pain. The document advocates for increased use of magnification in all areas of periodontics.EPIDEMIOLOGY.ppt
Dental epidemiology is the study of patterns and dynamics of dental diseases in human populations. It examines prevalence, which is the proportion of people with a disease at a given time, and incidence, which is the rate of new disease occurrence. Various indices are used to assess conditions like gingivitis, periodontal destruction, plaque, calculus, and treatment needs. The Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs uses a probe to measure pocket depth and assign a periodontal status and treatment need code to assess treatment requirements at a community level.
CASE HISTORY.ppt
This document discusses periodontal disease and conditions that can affect the gums and oral cavity. It covers different types of periodontal diseases categorized by age, sex, occupation, medical history, and personal habits. It also describes examinations of extra oral features like lymph nodes and intra oral features of the gums, tissues and structures of the mouth. Assessment indices like OHI-S and characteristics of the gingiva are provided. The effects of traumatic occlusion and furcation involvement are mentioned. The document concludes with treatment planning.
BONE LOSS AND PATTERNS OF BONE DESTRUCTION.ppt
BONE LOSS AND PATTERNS OF BONE DESTRUCTION.pptDepartment of periodontics S B Patil Institute for Dental Sciences & Research
This document summarizes the key aspects of periodontitis and bone destruction in periodontal disease. It discusses that periodontitis is an infectious disease involving the destruction of alveolar bone, which leads to tooth loss. Bone destruction occurs through two pathways - interproximally as inflammation spreads from the gingiva into the bone through blood vessels, and facially/lingually as inflammation penetrates from the gingiva directly into the bone. A variety of local and systemic factors can influence the balance between bone formation and resorption in periodontal disease.AIDS AND PERIODONTIUM.ppt
AIDS AND PERIODONTIUM.pptDepartment of periodontics S B Patil Institute for Dental Sciences & Research
This document discusses oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS. It begins by introducing HIV and how it impairs the immune system. It then describes common oral conditions seen in HIV/AIDS patients such as oral candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplakia, Kaposi's sarcoma, and atypical ulcers. It notes that over 95% of HIV/AIDS patients experience oral lesions. The document concludes by stating that with proper oral hygiene and treatment, HIV+ individuals can maintain good periodontal health even with the disease.RATIONALE FOR PERIODONTAL TREATMENT.ppt
RATIONALE FOR PERIODONTAL TREATMENT.pptDepartment of periodontics S B Patil Institute for Dental Sciences & Research
This document discusses periodontal treatment and healing. Periodontal therapy aims to eliminate pain, inflammation, pockets and arrest bone destruction. Excellent healing occurs within a week after surgery and continues improving for 7 months. Local therapy focuses on plaque removal to prevent reaccumulation. Systemic antibiotics may be used to eliminate bacteria. Healing can involve regeneration of original tissues, repair through scar formation, or new attachment of tissues to a previously diseased root surface. Factors like trauma, age, diabetes and nutrition impact healing. The goal of treatment is reattachment of gingiva and periodontal ligament to the root through new cementum and periodontal ligament fiber formation.DESQUAMATIVE GINGIVITIS.ppt
DESQUAMATIVE GINGIVITIS.pptDepartment of periodontics S B Patil Institute for Dental Sciences & Research
This document discusses chronic desquamative gingivitis, which was first described in 1932. It presents in mild, moderate, and severe forms characterized by redness and peeling of the gingiva. Mild form involves diffuse erythema while moderate form has patchy red/gray areas and severe form has irregular denuded areas. Histopathology shows features of bullous lesions or lichen planus. Management includes gentle local plaque control, oxidizing mouthwashes, and topical corticosteroids. Systemic corticosteroids like prednisone may also be used. Local therapy improves the condition over time with care taken for atrophic aging gingivitis.AGING AND THE PERIODONTIUM.ppt
AGING AND THE PERIODONTIUM.pptDepartment of periodontics S B Patil Institute for Dental Sciences & Research
This document summarizes aging-related changes in the skin, bone, periodontium, and teeth. It notes that aging is characterized by a slowing of natural functions and loss of balanced control. Key effects include tissue desiccation, reduced elasticity, diminished repair capacity, and altered cell permeability in the skin, osteoporosis in bone, and thinning of the oral epithelium and connective tissue with loss of elasticity in the periodontium. Aging leads to reduced masticatory efficiency due to missing or loose teeth and poorly fitting dentures, resulting in poor chewing habits and digestive issues. Cumulative effects include gingival recession, tooth attrition, and reduced bone height, making plaque accumulation more rapid inAGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS.ppt
AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS.pptDepartment of periodontics S B Patil Institute for Dental Sciences & Research
This document discusses aggressive periodontitis, including localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP). It provides historical background on the terminology and definitions of these conditions. Key points include that LAP primarily affects first molars and incisors, often in a symmetrical pattern, while GAP affects at least 3 permanent teeth beyond molars and incisors. Risk factors discussed are heredity, specific pathogenic bacteria like Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, immunological defects, and virulence factors produced by bacteria. Environmental factors like smoking may also play a role in GAP.THE PERIODONTAL POCKET.ppt
THE PERIODONTAL POCKET.pptDepartment of periodontics S B Patil Institute for Dental Sciences & Research
There are two types of periodontal pockets: gingival pockets and periodontal pockets. Periodontal pockets are true pockets that occur with the destruction of supporting periodontal tissues. Periodontal pockets can be further classified based on their morphology and the number of tooth surfaces involved. Periodontal pockets form due to the effects of bacterial plaque and the inflammatory response. They are characterized by signs such as bleeding and exudate as well as symptoms like pain. Histologically, the soft tissue wall shows inflammation and the root surface shows structural, chemical and cytotoxic changes. The pocket contains microorganisms, their products, and other materials.THE PERIODONTAL INSTRUMENTARIUM.ppt
THE PERIODONTAL INSTRUMENTARIUM.pptDepartment of periodontics S B Patil Institute for Dental Sciences & Research
This document discusses the classification and types of periodontal instruments. It describes five main categories of instruments: probes, explorers, scaling/root planing/curettage instruments, periodontal endoscopes, and cleansing/polishing instruments. Under each category, it provides examples of specific instruments and outlines their purposes, basic characteristics, and uses in periodontal examinations and treatments. The document also covers principles of sharpening instruments to maintain a fine cutting edge.THE GINGIVA.ppt
The document summarizes key aspects of gingiva (gums). It defines gingiva as the oral mucosa that covers the alveolar process and surrounds teeth. The gingiva has three clinical features: marginal gingiva at the gumline, attached gingiva firmly bound to bone, and interdental gingiva between teeth. Microscopically, it has an epithelial layer and connective tissue layer with fibers that unite gingiva to cementum as the dento-gingival unit. Blood supply comes from supraperiosteal, periodontal ligament, and interdental septum arteries.
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- 1. Presented by Dr. Sapnil, MDS Reader
- 2. PRINCIPLES OF DIAGNOSIS SPECIFICITY Ability of test or observation to differentiate one disease to another SENSITIVITY Ability of test or observation to detect the disease whenever it is present
- 3. I CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS II RADIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT III MICROBIOLOGIC ANALYSIS IV IMMUNOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS V BIOCHEMICAL METHODS
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- 5. A CHANGE IN COLOR NO DIAGNOSTIC TESTS SUBJECTIVE ESTIMATION
- 6. B GINGIVAL BLEEDING 1. PERIODONTAL PROBES a. CONVENTIONAL PROBES b. ADVANCED PROBES 2. WOODEN TOOTH PICKS 3. UNWAXED DENTAL FLOSS
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- 8. LIMITATIONS IN CONVENTIONAL PROBES ANGULATION PRESSURE
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- 18. DIGITAL SUBSTRACTION RADIOGRAPHY Serial radiographs – digital images – superimposed – video screen Changes in the density/volume of bone can be detected as lighter areas (bone gain) or dark areas (bone loss)
- 19. III MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS 1. DARK FIELD /PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPY 2. IMMUNO FLORESCENCE MICROSCOPY a. direct b. indirect 3. LATEX AGGLUTINATION 4. FLOW CYTOMETRY 5. ELISA 6. BANA[ BENZYL ARGENINE NAPTHALAMIDE ] 7. DNA PROBE[Aa, Pg, Pi, Td ] a. genomic b. oligonucleotide c. cloned probe
- 20. MICROBIAL SAMPLING OF THE SUBGINGIVAL FLORA
- 21. SAMPLING METHOD FOR CREVICULAR FLUID ANALYSIS PERIOTRON SYSTEM
- 22. DNA PROBE Based on the ability of DNA to hybridize or bind to complimentary strands of DNA or RNA having the same base sequence The plaque sample is collected and sent to the lab
- 23. A portion of DNA from specific bacterium is isolated with the aid of enzyme called as Restriction Endonucleoses [RE] that cut the DNA molecule at specific location into single strands These single strands are the probe for complimentary sequences of specific bacterium
- 24. This single stranded bacterial DNA is inoculated on a Nitrocellulose membrane The specific labeled DNA probe is inoculated on the membrane to allow hybridization for 15mnts If hybridisation of 2 single strands takes place to form a double helix, the test is + ve, if not - ve DNA PROBES available for Aa, Pg, Pi and Td
- 25. IV IMMUNOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS Identification of defective chemotactic and phagocytic functions of PMNL / monocytes in diseases such as LJP PREPUBERTAL RPP ANUG by blood examination
- 26. V BIOCHEMICAL enzymes present in severe periodontitis such as PPP, LJP, RPP are Lysozymes Collagenase Alkaline phosphate/acid Beta glucoronidase Cathepsin - D Elastase Arlysulphatase Prostaglandins Myloperoxidase[MPO]
- 27. identified by tests such as PERIOSCAN PROGNOSTIC PERIOGAURD PERIOCHECK