This document discusses several advanced methods for liquid waste management, including oxidation methods like ozonation and Fenton reaction, coagulation methods like electrocoagulation, and membrane methods like reverse osmosis. It also discusses anaerobic treatment methods like activated sludge processes. Additional methods covered include evaporation, incineration, plasma treatment, hydrodynamic cavitation, and their applications in waste treatment. Traditional treatment methods are not always effective, so these advanced oxidation, thermal, and cavitation methods provide alternatives for breaking down toxic or non-biodegradable pollutants.

1. P r o f . Y . H . O z a
R e t d . P r o f . ,
D e p a r t m e n t O f E n v i r o n m e n t a l E n g i n e e r i n g ,
L . D . C o l l e g e O f E n g i n e e r i n g , A h m e d a b a d .
Advance Methods for Waste
Management for smart city or
smart town planning

2. Advance methods
I. Liquid (Waste Water): Advance treatments used for
liquid waste are applied after primary, secondary and
tertiary treatment or after primary and secondary or
after primary treatment as per requirement.
A few advance can be listed as under:
− Advance Oxidation (removal of OC)
 Ozonation
 Fenton Reaction (H2O2 + FeSO4)
 H2O2
 Electro Oxidation
 Hydro Oxidation

3. Ozonation

4. Fenton reaction

5. Hydro Oxidation

6. − Coagulation (removal of S.S)
 Electro coagulation
 Anionic coagulation
 Cationic coagulation
 Poly electrolyte
 Ultra-filtration
 Micro filtration

7. Electro coagulation

9. − Membrane methods (removal of OC & IOC)
 Softening process
 Ion exchange method
 RO
 Industrial RO
− Anaerobic methods
 Activated sludge process
 Anaerobic reactor
 Parallel & vertical column system
 Aerated lagoon
− Evaporation (MEP), Incineration

10. Softening Process

11. Ion Exchange Method

12. Reverse Osmosis

13. Industrial Reverse Osmosis Plant

14. Multiple Effect Evaporator

15. Case Studies
. Evaporation (MEP), Incineration
Industrial effluent have inorganic and organic salt
It recovers organic solvent
Waste water converted into solid mass which easily handle
Step 1:- It is known as stripper. It recovered low boiling
point OM
Step 2:- waste water converted into slurry
Step 3:- slurry converted into solid waste by dryer
It is force circulation type of system which prevent scaling.
Axial flow pump is important in the system
Axial pump working with high capacity and low power
In design fluid dynamics play important role

16. Plasma technique
. Definition:-
Plasma is a electrically neutral medium of unbounded positive and negative
particle
Plasma is fourth state of matter, it is hot ionised gas consisting of approx. equal
number of positive charged ions and negative charged electrons
Characteristic of plasma is different then ordinary gas system
Plasma is classified in thermal plasma and non-thermal plasma
These plasma technique is used and resultant in energy which afterward utilized in
different system

17. Incineratior
 Incineration is a waste treatment process that
involves the combustion of organic substances
contained in waste materials.
 Incineration and other high-temperature waste
treatment systems are described as "thermal
treatment".
 Incineration of waste materials converts the waste
into ash, flue gas and heat.

18. Hydro Cavity Treatment
 Cavitation is a specific phenomenon in a liquid if any
changes occur in the pressure field over time and
distance.
 The effects of cavitation have become very useful in
supporting chemical processes in the environmental
protection technologies, especially in technologies
related to the decomposition of substances particularly
harmful to humans and his immediate surroundings.
Cavitation can be realized by alterations in the flow and
pressure (hydrodynamic cavitation).
 In hydrodynamic cavitation, flow geometry is changed in
such a way that the kinetic energy increases at the
expense of local liquid pressure, which can make cavities
depending on the vapor pressure of the liquid.

19.  Traditional treatment methods do not always
produce the expected results.
 There exists a certain group of organic non-
biodegradable pollutants, having toxic, mutagenic, or
carcinogenic properties.
 In the current literature there are many studies
related to hydrodynamic cavitation and the use of
associated processes in water and effluent treatment
technologies.

20. Thank You !!