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1. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
PROCESSES &
METHODOLOGIES
Theory of Architecture 2
Ar. Fernando C. Pamintuan

2. ABSTRACTION APPLIED
TO ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGN
Architectural Design Processes & Methodologies

3. Abstraction Applied To Architectural Design

4. Need

5.  To make a successful
house, an architect
must help the client
choose his priorities,
as his desires often
exceed what is
financially possible.
 But priorities remain a
vague notion for most
people until they see a
specific building
design with a price
tag.
 Then comes the
pruning and pushing
and pulling, ending
with a design that
looks as if it has been
through a street fight.

6.  A matrix diagram clarifies
priorities so that client
can better understand
them before proceeding
to building-form
alternatives.
 The matrix starts with a
list of design issues and a
list of functions.
 At each point of
relationship in the matrix,
we ask the importance of
this issue to this function.
 The degree of
importance is indicated
by the size of the dot.
Comfort
Budget
Character
Maintenanc
e
Energy
Flexibility
Entry
Enclosure
Kitchen
Living
Rooms
Circulation
Decks
Bedrooms
Baths

7.  When this process has
been completed for each
issue, the most important
issues and functions
(those with the highest
cumulative degrees of
importance) can be
identified and a
hierarchical list of issues
and functions formed.
 When the matrix is
reconstructed with issues
and spaces arranged in
their order of importance,
it is possible to make
some observations about
critical areas of the
design problem.
Comfort
Budget
Character
Maintenanc
e
Energy
Flexibility
Entry
Enclosure
Kitchen
Living
Rooms
Circulation
Decks
Bedrooms
Baths

8. Need

9.  Analysis of a design problem requires the exploration of the broad set of issues, contexts, and concerns.
 To initiate thinking about the problem, we can adapt a technique used in creative writing that builds a network of
verbal associations.
 In order to bring the subconscious mind into action, the standard tabulated lists are replaced by a loose, open-
ended method of notation that lets ideas develop in an organic pattern much like the roots of a tree.
 As a complex network of associations develops, we can begin to identify the most important issues and
relationships.
HOME
Family Gatherin
g
Sharing
Guest
s
Entertaining
Hospitalit
y
ENTRANC
E
Receptio
n
Sleep
Quie
t
Peace
Dignity
Prestig
e
Seclusion
Natur
e
Sunlight
Garde
n
Permanence
Stability
Sense
of
Place
Solid
Refug
e
Transitio
n
Buffe
r

10. Abstraction Applied To Architectural Design

11.  The identification of context
variables helps the designer
to set problem boundaries
and places constraints on the
number of design options
available.
 The experienced architect
welcomes these constraints
because they help to focus
his attention on the really
viable alternatives.
 Context variables include:
Site, Climate, Zoning or
Building Ordinances,
Finances, Time, and available
Construction Technologies.

12. Context

13.  A composite graphic display of
the effects of different criteria
on site selection can assist both
client and designer in choosing
a site.
 The mapping starts by grouping
several criteria under a few
basic headings such as land
availability (which might include
the considerations of cost,
opportunity, or services),
geological characteristics, and
zoning.
 Maps are made for each basic
heading, showing the land that
meets the criteria.
Available

14.  A composite graphic display of
the effects of different criteria
on site selection can assist both
client and designer in choosing
a site.
 The mapping starts by grouping
several criteria under a few
basic headings such as land
availability (which might include
the considerations of cost,
opportunity, or services),
geological characteristics, and
zoning.
 Maps are made for each basic
heading, showing the land that
meets the criteria.
Geological

15.  A composite graphic display of
the effects of different criteria
on site selection can assist both
client and designer in choosing
a site.
 The mapping starts by grouping
several criteria under a few
basic headings such as land
availability (which might include
the considerations of cost,
opportunity, or services),
geological characteristics, and
zoning.
 Maps are made for each basic
heading, showing the land that
meets the criteria.
Zoning

16.  The maps can then
be overlaid to form
one composite map.
 Now the most
favorable sites can
be easily identified
and second choice
sites will also be
evident.
Select
ed
Site
Orientati
on
Problems

17.  Other useful abstract sketches can
present a more refined view of the
action of climate over time.
 With energy conservation becoming
a major consideration in housing
design, we need more dynamic
models of the action of climatic
forces such as wind and sun.
 It is becoming easier to obtain
reasonably accurate statistical data
on weather, but the graphic
presentation of this data is what
makes it usable to the designer.

18.  Although climate is only one of
several contextual elements
having impact upon a design
problem, climate considerations
have traditionally been a
dominant factor in architectural
design.
 These diagrams can form the
basis of a point of view about
the problem that may be a
source of basic design
concepts.

19. Context

20.  When inserting a new
structure within an
existing environmental
context, such as a
college campus, current
patterns of pedestrian
activity should be an
important consideration.
 The diagram traces the
dominant patterns of
pedestrian movement
and reflects to some
extent their relative
intensity.

21.  The other diagram
shows nodes or zones
that are the most likely
sites of social
interaction.
 Landmarks are
indicated because they
often mark sites of
arranged meetings
between individuals.
Landm
ark
Nod
e

22. Context

23.  Architects may overlook at
times the impact of the
construction process as a
context for the design
solution.
 Construction method is
recognized as a strong
determinant of form in
vernacular architecture, and it
is still influential in
contemporary architectural
design.
 With the pressures of
financing and the variations
in the cost of borrowing
funds, innovations in
construction processes are
continually emerging.

24.  When these processes are
included in the set of
determinants of form, the
designer enhances the
probability of developing
a successful design.
 Abstract representation of
the alternative
construction processes,
as with other design
determinants, promotes
the designer’s intuitive
access to these
considerations.

25. Context

26.  Site features can include
macro- and micro-
climates, topography,
natural circulation, views,
and landscaping elements
such as trees, bushes,
rocks, or water.
 These site features must
be considered in order to
place and design a house.
 Abstract sketches can
uncover problems and
opportunities by showing
the site features
simultaneously.

27.  The illustration used
here focuses on
general site
characteristics rather
than on specific
details.
 Focusing on
generalities helps
the designer to form
a visual memory of
the important site
considerations.

28.  With the aid of these sketches, other
perceptions can be derived, such as wind,
privacy buffers, or the best site for building.

29.  For this recreational house the sun pattern, the ridge of the land, and
the summer breeze suggest the general orientation of the building.
 The existing site entry, disposition of the trees, and the small river to
the South set up the prominent views and basic site circulation.

30.  This site analysis can be
further extended, taking
into account program area
needs to explore some
preliminary alternatives for
building massing.