Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder characterized by inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity that impairs functioning. There are three subtypes - Hyperactive-Impulsive, Inattentive, and Combined - defined by specific symptoms present for at least six months. Possible causes include heredity, pregnancy/birth complications, brain injuries, and environmental toxins. Diagnosis involves onset before age 7, impairment in multiple settings, and ruling out other disorders as the sole cause of symptoms. Parents suspecting ADHD should consult their child's pediatrician and teacher.

1. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD)

2. What is ADHD?Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurobehavioral disorder that is characterized by pervasive inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity that often results in substantial functional impairment.

3. How many different subtypes are there?According to the DSM-IV-TR (2000), there are three subtypes of ADHD.Hyperactive-Impulsive TypeInattentive TypeCombined Type

4. Hyperactive-Impulsive TypeSix or more of the following symptoms have occurred for a minimum of six months and are inconsistent with the child’s developmental level.ImpulsivityHyperactivityBlurts out answers FidgetsDifficulty waiting there turn Unable to stay seatedInterrupts often Restlessness Talks excessively Always on the go (seems to be driven by a motor)

5. Inattentive TypeSix or more of the following symptoms have occurred for a minimum of six months and are inconsistent with the child’s developmental level.Makes careless mistakes Difficulty sustaining attentionFails to complete tasks Difficulty organizingLoses things Easily distractedForgetful

6. Combined TypeSix or more of the symptoms from the Inattentive Type and six ormore symptoms from the Hyperactivity Type and have occurredfor a minimum of six months and are inconsistent with the child’s developmental level.

7. Possible Causes:Heredity is one of the main causes of ADHD.Difficulty during pregnancy.Prenatal exposure to alcohol and/or tobacco.Premature deliverySignificantly low birth weightExcessively high body lead levelsPostnatal injury to the prefontal region of the brain.*Source: www.chadd.org

8. DiagnosisThe age of onset is before seven.There is an impairment seen in a variety of settings. (home, school, etc.)There is an impairment within the child’s social functioning or academic performance.Can only be diagnosed if the symptoms do not account for another mental disorder.

9. What should I do if I suspect my child shows signs of ADHD?Make an appointment to speak with your child’s pediatrician.Discuss your concerns with your child’s teacher.Find out if there is a family history of the disorder or any other mental disorder.

10. Helpful Websites:www.add.orgwww.chadd.orgwww.psychcentral.orgwww.nimh.orgwww.help4adhd.orgwww.cdc.gov/actearly

11. Sasha L. Quarles, Ed.S.School CounselorTaylors Creek Elementary378 Airport RoadHinesville, GA 31313912-369-0476squarles@liberty.k12.ga.ushttp://squarles.blogspot.com