ADEDAMOLA ONABANJI
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This document summarizes the development of an adsorption cooling system with a thermal energy storage-based evaporator for air conditioning applications. Key points include: - The system uses zeolite 13X/CaCl2 composite adsorbent to adsorb and desorb water as the refrigerant. - It incorporates a latent thermal energy storage system using pentadecane to reduce temperature fluctuations in the chilled water output. - Experimental testing showed improvements over previous designs, including higher specific cooling power, lower weight, better coefficient of performance, and more stable chilled water temperatures. - Further recommendations to optimize the system include integrating solar heating and adding nano-particles to the phase change material for improved
![© T.S. Zhao, 2014
Automobile fossil fuel emissions accounts for a
huge 75% of total CO emission in the world.
An estimated 70% pollution in the Asia pacific
region is from the automotive sector.
With over a billion vehicles running daily
[UNEP,2013]
ENVIRONMENTAL BENIGN CARS USING EVRONMENTAL AND SUSTAINBLECOOLING
SYSTEM LIKETHE ADASORPTIONCOOLING SYSTEMS CAN CUT DOWNTHE POLUTION BUY
18% AS AIR CONDITIONERSAND COOLING SYSTEM ONVEHICLESACOUNTS FOR ABOUT 9%
THETOTAL EMISSION ONTHE CAR](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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ADEDAMOLA ONABANJI
- 1. DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADSOPTION COOLING SYSTEM WITH A THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE BASED EVAPORATOR FOR AIR CONDITIONING APPLICATION For The FORD-HKUST Conservation and Environmental Research Program Dept. of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering HKUST
- 2. © T.S. Zhao, 2014 Automobile fossil fuel emissions accounts for a huge 75% of total CO emission in the world. An estimated 70% pollution in the Asia pacific region is from the automotive sector. With over a billion vehicles running daily [UNEP,2013] ENVIRONMENTAL BENIGN CARS USING EVRONMENTAL AND SUSTAINBLECOOLING SYSTEM LIKETHE ADASORPTIONCOOLING SYSTEMS CAN CUT DOWNTHE POLUTION BUY 18% AS AIR CONDITIONERSAND COOLING SYSTEM ONVEHICLESACOUNTS FOR ABOUT 9% THETOTAL EMISSION ONTHE CAR
- 3. OVERVIEW/PRESENTATION FLOW © A. ONABANJI, 2015 INTRODUCTION PRINCIPLE OF ACS DESIGN METHODOLOGY RESULTS IMPLICATION OF RESULTS STUDY RELEVANCE & APPLICATION Adsorption Cooling System (ACS); An environmental benign cooling technology looking to replace conventional vapour compression cooling systems.
- 4. INTRODUCTION Provide an Adsorption Cooling System “Off” Cooling Technology with the following attributes: An incorporated latent thermal energy storage (LTES) Passive system-No additional pump or moving parts required to existing system Limited Modification to existing systems Simplified, lower cost approach than current solutions Improved Refrigeration performance
- 5. z Condenser Evaporator Adsorb er A V 3 V 2 V 4 V 1 V 6 V 5 Adsorb er B Adsorption Cooling Sys. Phase 1 Adsorber A: Desorption Adsorber B: Adsorption Phase 2 Mass Recovery Phase 3 Adsorber A: Adsorption Adsorber B: Desorption Simulation of a Double-bed Adsorption Cooling System
- 6. Sample of Composite Zeolite Adsorbent Structure Rate of Adsorption for some selected Adsorbents Adsorption Phenomenon Adsorbate; blue polar molecules, Adsorbent: hydrophilic surface. XTERITICS OF THE ZEOLITE 13X/CaCl ADSORBENT Adsorption and Desorption large temp range Microspores of diameter less than 20A (vacancy sites) Low saturation pressures (above atmospheric) at operating temperature Nominal Adsorbate Uptake Commercial features of Zeolite 13X/CaCl Adsorbent Reliability A stunning over200,000 cycles of adsorption/desorption High Adsorption • Adsorption at low humidity • Compact structure Adsorption Temp. Range • Solar Heat • Exhaust Heat Working pair Xteristics ADSORPTION&ADSORBENT Zeolite 13X/CaCl Composite AdsorbentW
- 7. ADSORBENT PREPARATION & COATING IMPREGNATION • Zeolite(s) + CaCl(aq) • Ratio 1:9 • Filter and Rinse • Dry @ high temp. >200oC CALCINATION • Purification by heating COATING • Spray Aqueous Composite adsorbent over the fins of heat exchanger © A. ONABANJI, 2014 HEAT EXCHANGER BEFORE (A) AND AFTER (B) COATING A A B
- 8. Innovation; Incorporating aTES System prototype testing • Materials & Topography • Replace weak and damaged pipes • Poor ergonomics • Poor Manufacturing • Heat Loss study • Cycle phase & mode Optimization • Cycle time Optimization • Poor Insulation • Incomplete cycle mode • Performance optimization • Weight & Size • Flow Circuits • Harness • Leaks Quantitative Qualitative Design/Approach
- 9. SCHEMATIC DESIGN MODEL © A. ONABANJI, 2015 PCM HEAT EXCHANGER DESIGN HEAT EXCHANGER LIVE PICTURE Heat Exchanger Tube PCM drain and tap TES Chamber
- 10. 3-D MODEL OF ADSORPTION COOLING SYSTEM PROTOTYPE © A. ONABANJI, 2015 PREVIOUS DESIGN CURRENT DESIGN EVAPORATOR CONDENSER VACUMVALVES ADSORBER BEDS
- 11. Flow meter Temperature Sensor Insulated Hot Water Tank Actuator Vavles PICTURE OF THE ADSORPTION COOLING SYSTEM
- 12. Pen-tadecane offers a narrow temperature fluctuation during charge and discharge for the systems operating temp. Very low volume change during phase change. Overall surface contact area with heat exchanger. High storage density at operating temp as compared to sensible heat. © A. ONABANJI, 2015 PCM SELECTION CRITERIA Sustainability & Stability Recyclable Chemically Inert and Stability Self Nucleating And Reversibility Thermal Properties Appropriate Thermal Conductivity Steady-latent heat of Absorption and emission No Phase Segregation Operating Temperature Range Narrow temperature fluctuation Thermal stabilty Narrow temperature fluctuation
- 13. EXPERIMENTAL ACS-TES SYTEM CYCLE © A. ONABANJI, 2015 V-V2 SV3 Cond. SV1 SV6 SV2 SV5 SV4 ADS-B Evap. ADS-A SV8 SV7 V-V3 V-V1V-V4 V-V5 PCM Chamber Chilled water flow Cooling water flow Red Flow= Hot Water Blue Flow= ColdWater Yellow Flow=Refrigerant Black Flow=Adsorbate V-V= Vacuum Valves SV=Adsorbate valve DESORPTION Cold Cold Cold Cold ADSORPTION Hot Hot Hot Hot
- 14. © A. ONABANJI, 2015 CONTINOUS TEMP FLUCTUATION (MIN. TEMP. = 8OC) PLOT OFTEMPERATURE PROFILES OBTAINED FOR NO LOAD ONTHE ACS
- 15. HEAT TRANSFER FLUID TEMPERATURE PROFILE OF THE ADSORPTION COOLING SYSTEM FOR A 0.3 KW LOAD © A. ONABANJI, 2015 CONTINOUS TEMP. FLUCTUATION
- 16. © A. ONABANJI, 2015 PCM OUTLET TEMP. REDUCED FLUTUATION CHILLED WATER OUTLER TEMP. TEMPERATURE PROFILES FOR ACS-TES SYSTEM
- 17. Authors Adsorbent-Adsorbate pair SORPTION TEMPRATURE APPLICATION COP SCP(W/kg) Zhang L. Z. et al. [1] , (2000) Zeolite 13X – water 310 Air conditioning 0.38 25.7 Wang R. Z. et al. , (2001) Activated carbon – methanol 100 ChilledWater 0.4 73.1 LuY. L. et al. (2004) Zeolite 13 X –Water 300 Air conditioning 0.21 30 RestucciaG. et al.(2004) Silica gel – water 80 Chilled water 0.58 20 LiuY. L. et al. 2005 Silica gel – water 85 0.188 43 Yu.I.Aristov et al. ,(2010) LiNO3/silica KSK - Water 80 Chilled water 0.086 144 ChaoY. H. et al. (2012) Zeolite 13X/CaCl-water 70 Chilled water O.1 1O6 Present System (2015) Zeolite 13X/CaCl-water 80 Chilled water/Trucks 0.08 160 COMPARISON OF RESULT © A. ONABANJI, 2015
- 18. PROPERTIES Previous Model Optimized Model Remarks Specific Cooling Power 655(W/kg) 160(W/kg) 75% less as compare to previous system Size/Weight 0.86 sq.meters area & Aprox.130kg 0.80 sq. meters area & Aprox. 109kg Weight Optimization; 1 9% weight reduction Co-eifficent of Performance(COP) 0.45 0.08 400W cooling capacity, a poor 82% less than previous model CycleTime 60 (mins) equivalent to 8cycles 60 (mins) equivalent to 5cycles Cycle mode optimization Heat exchanger efficiency Non-coated heat exchangers thus Redox reactions in chamber Heat exchangers are selected for thermal and corrosion resistance for refrigerant type Improved efficiency in new model as compared to the previous model Chilled Water Temperature High fluctuation of Chilled water Temperature Quasi-stable Chilled water fluctuation Improved through the TES incorporation. RESULT SUMMARY & IMPLCATION © A. ONABANJI, 2015
- 19. Integrating chilled Air outlet to the system for ambient temperature cooling Regenerative cycle for condenser cooling source to reduce cooling water temperature Size and Weight reduction of the system Integrating the system on a Vehicle © A. ONABANJI, 2015 Using a Solar hot water system for hot water source for the system & Integrating PCM with Nano- particles for improved thermal conductivity RECOMMENDATION
- 20. APPLICATION Stadiums © A. ONABANJI, 2015 Solar Impulse II & Solar PoweredTrucks Rural & Suburban Societies MarineVessels
- 21. REFERENCES • Tso, C. Y., Christopher YH Chao, and S. C. Fu. "Performance analysis of a waste heat driven activated carbon based composite adsorbent–water adsorption chiller using simulation model." International journal of heat and mass transfer 55.25 (2012): 7596-7610. • C.Y. Tso, K.C. Chan, Christopher Y.H. Chao, C.L. Wu. Experimental performance analysis on an adsorption cooling system using zeolite 13X/CaCl2 adsorbent with various operation sequences. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 85 (2015) 343–355 • R.Z. wang, R.G. Oliveira, adsorption refrigeration-an efficient way to make good use of waste heat and solar energy, progress in energy and combustion science 32(2006) pp 424-458.
- 22. QUESTIONS???
- 23. •Prof. CHRISTOPHER CHAO •Mr K C Chan (Oscar) •Mr Edwin Tso •FORD-HKUST Conservation and Research Program.
Editor's Notes
- In the mass recovery cycle, a hot bed with high pressure at the end of desorption process is connected to a cold bed with low pressure at the start of desorption process. Due to the pressure gradient between the beds, the remainder of the adsorbate inside the hot bed with high pressure is transferred to the cold bed which is at low pressure. The advantage of heat and mass recovery cycles is that they do not add more complexity to the system while significantly increase the performance of ACS. It is reported that adding heat and mass recovery cycles to a 2-adsorber bed ACS can increase the COP up to 30%. Also, Qu et al. experimentally showed that adding only mass recovery cycle to the ACS can increase the cooling capacity by 20%. Heat and mass recovery cycles are mainly of interest for building A/C applications where the amount of waste heat is limited and the COP is a major concern. In vehicles, however, waste-heat is abundant and added weight, cost and complexity due to the heat recovery cycle are problematic. As such, ACS with only mass recovery cycle suffices for vehicle A/C-R applications.
- AQSOATM is a novel inorganic zeolitic adsorbent originally developed by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation. AQSOA, zeolite-based vapor adsorbent is anchored on fin tube heat exchangers. Suitable for adsorption chillers driven by low temperature heat sources such as solar heat and waste heat. (temperature varies depending on condition including heat pump design) *1 Amount of adsorption means amount of water (kg) which 1kg of dry adsorbent can adsorb. *2 Relative vapor pressure is (the pressure of water vapor around the adsorbent)/(adsorbent saturation at a given temperature of the water vapor pressure) (Relative vapor pressure corresponds to relative humidity when the ambient air temperature is equal to the adsorbent temperature)